RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. (goosegrass) is a major weed in global cropping systems. It has evolved resistance to glyphosate due to single Pro-106-Ser (P106S) or double Thr-102-Ile + Pro-106-Ser (TIPS) EPSPS target site mutations. Here, experiments were conducted to evaluate the single effect of soybean competition and its combined effect with a glyphosate field dose (1080 g ae ha-1 ) on the growth and fitness of plants carrying these glyphosate resistance endowing target site mutations. RESULTS: TIPS E. indica plants are highly glyphosate-resistant but the double mutation endows a substantial fitness cost. The TIPS fitness penalty increased under the effect of soybean competition resulting in a cost of 95%, 95% and 96% in terms of, respectively, vegetative growth, seed mass and seed number investment. Glyphosate treatment of these glyphosate-resistant TIPS plants showed an increase in growth relative to those without glyphosate. Conversely, for the P106S moderate glyphosate resistance mutation, glyphosate treatment alone reduced survival rate, vegetative growth, aboveground biomass (34%), seed mass (48%) and number (52%) of P106S plants relative to the glyphosate nontreated plants. However, under the combined effects of both soybean competition and the field-recommended glyphosate dose, vegetative growth, aboveground biomass, seed mass and number of P106S and TIPS plants were substantially limited (by ≤99%). CONCLUSION: The ecological environment imposed by intense competition from a soybean crop sets a significant constraint for the landscape-level increase of both the E. indica single and double glyphosate resistance mutations in the agroecosystem and highlights the key role of crop competition in limiting the population growth of weeds, whether they are herbicide-resistant or susceptible. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Eleusine , Fabaceae , Herbicidas , 3-Fosfoshikimato 1-Carboxiviniltransferase/genética , Eleusine/genética , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Resistência a Herbicidas/genética , Herbicidas/farmacologia , Mutação , Glycine max/genética , GlifosatoRESUMO
The occurrence of multiple herbicide resistant weeds has increased considerably in glyphosate-resistant soybean fields in Brazil; however, the mechanisms governing this resistance have not been studied. In its study, the target-site and nontarget-site mechanisms were characterized in an Eleusine indica population (R-15) with multiple resistance to the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors, glyphosate, imazamox, and paraquat. Absorption and translocation rates of 14C-diclofop-methyl14C-imazamox and 14C-glyphosate of the R-15 population were similar to those of a susceptible (S-15) population; however, the R-15 population translocated â¼38% less 14C-paraquat to the rest of plant and roots than the S-15 population. Furthermore, the R-15 plants metabolized (by P450 cytochrome) 55% and 88% more diclofop-methyl (conjugate) and imazamox (imazamox-OH and conjugate), respectively, than the S-15 plants. In addition, the Pro-106-Ser mutation was found in the EPSPS gene of this population. This report describes the first characterization of the resistance mechanisms in a multiple herbicide resistant weed from Brazil.
Assuntos
Eleusine/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Resistência a Herbicidas , Herbicidas/farmacologia , Acetil-CoA Carboxilase/antagonistas & inibidores , Acetil-CoA Carboxilase/genética , Acetil-CoA Carboxilase/metabolismo , Brasil , Eleusine/enzimologia , Eleusine/genética , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Glicina/farmacologia , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Paraquat/farmacologia , Proteínas de Plantas/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , GlifosatoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sowing depth and amount of sugarcane straw on the soil on the emergence of Chloris polydactyla (capim-branco) and Eleusine indica (Indian goosegrass) and to determine the efficacy of herbicides applied pre-emergence in the control of these species under different straw amount and rainfall regime conditions. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. In the first experiment, the effects of six sowing depths (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 cm) and six sugarcane straw amounts (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10 t ha 1) were assessed on the emergence of Indian goosegrass and capim-branco in a 6 x 6 factorial arrangement. In the second experiment, the efficacy in the control of these species was evaluated for one control without herbicide and five treatments (indaziflam, metribuzin, tebuthiuron, indaziflam + metribuzin, and indaziflam + tebuthiuron) applied pre-emergence over four straw amounts (0, 1, 2, and 4 t ha-1) in a 6 x 4 factorial arrangement. This experiment was evaluated under two rainfall regimes in separate experiments (simulation of 20 mm of rainfall 1 or 10 days after herbicide application). The capim-branco showed a marked reduction in emergence beginning at 2 t ha-1 of straw and a 2 cm sowing depth. For the Indian goosegrass, the decline in emergence mainly occurred beginning at 4 t ha-1 of straw and a 4 cm sowing depth. Only some of the Indian goosegrass plants emerged at the greater sowing depths (8 and 10 cm) and straw amounts (8 and 10 t ha-1), whereas no emergence of the capimbranco was observed under these conditions. The treatments with sowing at a 1 cm depth and with 0, 1, 2, and 4 t ha-1 of straw provided the highest emergence percentage for the species. Application of the herbicide indaziflam alone was the only ineffective treatment for the control of the weeds regardless of the amount of straw and the water regime used...
Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o efeito da profundidade de semeadura e da quantidade de palha de cana-de-açúcar sobre o solo na emergência de Chloris polydactyla (capim-branco) e Eleusine indica (capim pé-de-galinha), assim como determinar a eficácia de herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência no controle dessas espécies, sob diferentes quantidades de palha e regimes de precipitação pluvial. Os experimentos foram realizados no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. No primeiro experimento foram avaliadas seis profundidades de semeadura (0,5; 1; 2; 4; 8 e 10 cm) e seis quantidades de palha de cana-de-açúcar (0; 1; 2; 4; 8 e 10 t ha-1) na emergência de capim pé-de-galinha e capim-branco, em esquema fatorial 6 x 6. No segundo experimento foi avaliada a eficácia de cinco tratamentos no controle dessas espécies: indaziflam, metribuzin, tebuthiuron, indaziflam + metribuzin e indaziflam + tebuthiuron e uma testemunha sem herbicida, aplicados em pré-emergência sobre quatro quantidades de palha (0; 1; 2 e 4 t ha-1), em esquema fatorial 6 x 4. Este experimento foi avaliado sob dois regimes pluviais em experimentos separados (simulação de chuva de 20 mm a 1 ou 10 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas). O capim-branco apresentou redução acentuada da emergência a partir de 2 t ha-1 de palha e 2 cm de profundidade de semeadura. Para o capim pé-de-galinha a queda na emergência ocorreu principalmente a partir de 4 t ha-1 de palha e 4 cm de profundidade de semeadura. Apenas algumas plantas do capim pé-de-galinha emergiram nas maiores profundidades de semeadura (8 e 10 cm) e quantidades de palha (8 e 10 t ha-1). Não houve emergência do capim-branco nessas condições. Os tratamentos com semeadura a 1 cm de profundidade e com 0, 1, 2 e 4 t ha-1 foram os que proporcionaram a maior porcentagem de emergência das espécies...
Assuntos
Saccharum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Saccharum/embriologia , EleusineRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sowing depth and amount of sugarcane straw on the soil on the emergence of Chloris polydactyla (capim-branco) and Eleusine indica (Indian goosegrass) and to determine the efficacy of herbicides applied pre-emergence in the control of these species under different straw amount and rainfall regime conditions. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. In the first experiment, the effects of six sowing depths (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 cm) and six sugarcane straw amounts (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10 t ha 1) were assessed on the emergence of Indian goosegrass and capim-branco in a 6 x 6 factorial arrangement. In the second experiment, the efficacy in the control of these species was evaluated for one control without herbicide and five treatments (indaziflam, metribuzin, tebuthiuron, indaziflam + metribuzin, and indaziflam + tebuthiuron) applied pre-emergence over four straw amounts (0, 1, 2, and 4 t ha-1) in a 6 x 4 factorial arrangement. This experiment was evaluated under two rainfall regimes in separate experiments (simulation of 20 mm of rainfall 1 or 10 days after herbicide application). The capim-branco showed a marked reduction in emergence beginning at 2 t ha-1 of straw and a 2 cm sowing depth. For the Indian goosegrass, the decline in emergence mainly occurred beginning at 4 t ha-1 of straw and a 4 cm sowing depth. Only some of the Indian goosegrass plants emerged at the greater sowing depths (8 and 10 cm) and straw amounts (8 and 10 t ha-1), whereas no emergence of the capimbranco was observed under these conditions. The treatments with sowing at a 1 cm depth and with 0, 1, 2, and 4 t ha-1 of straw provided the highest emergence percentage for the species. Application of the herbicide indaziflam alone was the only ineffective treatment for the control of the weeds regardless of the amount of straw and the water regime used...(AU)
Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o efeito da profundidade de semeadura e da quantidade de palha de cana-de-açúcar sobre o solo na emergência de Chloris polydactyla (capim-branco) e Eleusine indica (capim pé-de-galinha), assim como determinar a eficácia de herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência no controle dessas espécies, sob diferentes quantidades de palha e regimes de precipitação pluvial. Os experimentos foram realizados no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. No primeiro experimento foram avaliadas seis profundidades de semeadura (0,5; 1; 2; 4; 8 e 10 cm) e seis quantidades de palha de cana-de-açúcar (0; 1; 2; 4; 8 e 10 t ha-1) na emergência de capim pé-de-galinha e capim-branco, em esquema fatorial 6 x 6. No segundo experimento foi avaliada a eficácia de cinco tratamentos no controle dessas espécies: indaziflam, metribuzin, tebuthiuron, indaziflam + metribuzin e indaziflam + tebuthiuron e uma testemunha sem herbicida, aplicados em pré-emergência sobre quatro quantidades de palha (0; 1; 2 e 4 t ha-1), em esquema fatorial 6 x 4. Este experimento foi avaliado sob dois regimes pluviais em experimentos separados (simulação de chuva de 20 mm a 1 ou 10 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas). O capim-branco apresentou redução acentuada da emergência a partir de 2 t ha-1 de palha e 2 cm de profundidade de semeadura. Para o capim pé-de-galinha a queda na emergência ocorreu principalmente a partir de 4 t ha-1 de palha e 4 cm de profundidade de semeadura. Apenas algumas plantas do capim pé-de-galinha emergiram nas maiores profundidades de semeadura (8 e 10 cm) e quantidades de palha (8 e 10 t ha-1). Não houve emergência do capim-branco nessas condições. Os tratamentos com semeadura a 1 cm de profundidade e com 0, 1, 2 e 4 t ha-1 foram os que proporcionaram a maior porcentagem de emergência das espécies...(AU)