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BACKGROUND: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a serious condition that occurs when the retina detaches from its underlying retinal pigment epithelium. RRDs associated with giant retinal tears (GRTs) are caused by retinal tears at least 90° or one-quarter of the circumferential extent. This scoping review systematically identifies and summarizes clinical studies evaluating surgical techniques for the management of GRT-related RRDs, discusses functional and visual outcomes and the risk factors affecting treatment outcomes. METHODS: This study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Springer Link databases were searched for relevant papers (from January 2001 to March 2023). Studies that were published in the English language and reported the risk factors, management, and treatment outcomes of GRT-related RRDs were included in the review. The outcome measures included anatomic success rates, changes in BCVA (logMAR) from baseline to the final follow-up, and adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 11,982 articles were identified. After the title and abstract review, 71 studies were deemed eligible for full-text review. Thirty-six studies that met the eligibility criteria were included in the final review. Four surgical techniques were identified: pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), combined PPV and scleral buckling, scleral buckling alone, and pneumatic retinopexy. Various types of tamponades, including gas, silicone oil, and air, have been used. PPV was the most commonly used surgical technique in 33.1-100% of patients. Among the 20 studies that used PPV alone, 17 were associated with preoperative PVR. In addition, scleral buckling alone or in combination with PPV was reported as a treatment option in 10 studies, with 2-100% of patients experiencing scleral buckling alone and 13.6-100% experiencing combined PPV and complementary scleral buckling. Primary anatomic success (PAS) was achieved with retinal reattachment via a single operation with no residual tamponade, whereas final anatomic success (FAS) was achieved via more than one operation with no residual tamponade. Reported single surgery anatomic success (SSAS) rates range from 65.51 to 100%. The preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranged from 0.067 to 2.47 logMAR, whereas the postoperative BCVA ranged from 0.08 to 2.3 logMAR. An improvement in visual acuity was observed in 29 studies. Cataracts (3.9-28.3%) were the most common postoperative complication, followed by high IOP (0.01-51.2%) and PVR (0.8-31.57%). CONCLUSION: PPV is the most common surgical technique, and currently microincision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) systems are commonly employed. Silicone oil is the most frequently used tamponade in RRD repair. Risk factors for GRT-related RRD include age, sex, lens status, high myopia status, proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), presenting visual acuity, the extent of the GRT and retinal detachment, and macular involvement. Future research areas include guidelines to reduce variability in the reporting of surgical methodology, choice of tamponades, and reporting of functional and visual outcomes to inform the best therapeutic interventions in GRT-related RRD.
RESUMO
Purpose: To describe the surgical outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs) associated with giant retinal tears (GRTs) and define factors associated with primary anatomic failure. Methods: This retrospective consecutive study comprised primary GRT-RRD surgeries between 1999 and 2021 at a single institution. Exclusion criteria were a follow-up of less than 3 months and incomplete surgical data. Results: The series included 69 eyes (64 patients). Single-surgery anatomic success (SSAS) was achieved in 75% and final anatomic success (FAS) in 90%. The mean logMAR visual acuity improved from 1.5 ± 1.1 to 0.6 ± 0.9. Preoperative factors significantly associated with redetachment were proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) (odds ratio [OR], 6.2; P < .01), hypotony (OR, 13.6; P < .01), and a 180-degree or larger GRT (OR, 3.3; P = .04). All cases were treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and perfluoro-N-octane (PFCL). Perfluoropropane (C3F8) was used in 59% and silicone oil in 41%; the redetachment rate was significantly lower in gas cases (15% vs 39%) (P = .02). An encircling band, placed in 84% eyes, had a tendency to reduce redetachment (22% vs 36%) (P = .32). Lensectomy was performed in 61% of phakic eyes, with no effect on redetachment (20% vs 21%) (P = .92). On multivariate analysis, PVR and hypotony were significantly associated with redetachment. Conclusions: PPV with PFCL achieved high SSAS and FAS rates. PVR and hypotony were the main preoperative factors associated with anatomic failure. In cases without PVR, C3F8 tamponade significantly increased SSAS. Encircling scleral buckling showed a nonsignificant tendency toward an increase in SSAS. Lensectomy had no effect on SSAS.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: A giant retinal tear is defined as a full thickness break in the neurosensory retina that extends circumferentially for 3 or more clock hours around the retina in the presence of a posterior vitreous detachment. It is one of the more complex surgical scenarios that a retina surgeon can face. There is no consensus on the ideal surgical technique; however, the "traditional" approach has been to perform a combined procedure including lensectomy, scleral buckle and vitrectomy. OBJECTIVE: To report the outcome over 2 years of five patients with giant retinal tears managed with lens sparing, bimanual 23-gauge vitrectomy without scleral buckle. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients with giant retinal tears managed with lens sparing, bimanual 23-gauge vitrectomy without scleral buckle. Included in the analysis were age, lens status, etiology and size of the tear, pre- and postoperative visual acuity, anatomic success, tamponade used, laser or criopexy where recorded. RESULTS: Three patients had high myopia, one secondary to blunt trauma and one with Wagner-Stickler syndrome were included in the analysis. The size of the tear varied from 120-280°. Anatomic success was achieved in all patients. One patient developed proliferative vitreoretinopathy and was re-operated and the retina remained attached. CONCLUSIONS: In this group of selected patients, lens-sparing bimanual 23-gauge vitrectomy without scleral buckle seems a safe and effective option in the management of retinal detachment associated with giant retinal tears. Further prospective and comparative studies are warranted to establish the role of this technique in the treatment of patients with this complex pathology.
Antecedentes: el desgarro retiniano gigante es la rotura del espesor total de la retina neurosensorial con extensión circunferencial de 3 o más husos horarios aunado a desprendimiento de vítreo posterior, y constituye uno de los escenarios quirúrgicos más complejos para el cirujano de retina y vítreo. No existe consenso en cuanto a su manejo; sin embargo, tradicionalmente se ha empleado un abordaje que combina lensectomía, cerclaje y vitrectomía. Objetivo: reportar la evolución a dos años de 5 pacientes con desgarro gigante tratados con vitrectomía 23 g, abordaje bimanual, sin lensectomía y sin cerclaje escleral. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de pacientes con desgarro retiniano gigante, tratados con vitrectomía 23 g, abordaje bimanual, sin lensectomía ni cerclaje escleral. Se estudiaron la edad, estado del cristalino, etiología y extensión del desgarro, agudeza visual, resultado anatómico, taponamiento usado, criopexia o láser. Resultados: se incluyeron 3 pacientes con miopía alta, 1 con traumatismo contuso y 1 con síndrome de Wagner-Stickler. La extensión del desgarro fue de 120 a 280°. Todos con éxito anatómico y mejoría de la agudeza visual. Un paciente con vitreorretinopatía proliferativa se reintervino y la retina permaneció aplicada hasta el final del periodo analizado. Conclusiones: en este selecto grupo de pacientes la vitrectomía calibre 23 con abordaje bimanual, sin cerclaje escleral y sin tocar el cristalino, dio buenos resultados anatómicos y visuales en un seguimiento a dos años. Para establecer el papel que corresponde a esta técnica en el tratamiento de esta compleja patología se requieren estudios prospectivos y comparativos.