RESUMO
The adaptive potential of plants is commonly used as an indicator of genotypes with higher breeding program potential. However, the complexity and interaction of plant metabolic parameters pose a challenge to selection strategies. In this context, this study aimed to explore phenotypic plasticity within the germplasm of Hybrid Timor coffee. Additionally, we assessed the utility of the multivariate phenotypic plasticity index (MVPi) as a promising tool to predict genotype performance across diverse climatic conditions. To achieve this, we evaluated the performance of seven accessions from the Hybrid Timor germplasm in comparison to the Rubi and IPR 100 cultivars, known for their susceptibility and resistance to drought, respectively. The experiment took place in a greenhouse under two conditions: one with normal soil moisture levels near maximum capacity, and the other with a water deficit scenario involving a period of no irrigation followed by rehydration. Data on physiological and biochemical factors were collected at three stages: before applying the water deficit, during its imposition, and after rehydration. Growth data were obtained by the difference between the beginning and end of the experimental period Furthermore, field evaluations of the productivity of the same genotypes were carried out over two consecutive seasons. Based on physiological and biochemical assessments, the MVPi was computed, employing Euclidean distance between principal component multivariate analysis scores. Subsequently, this index was correlated with growth and productivity data through linear regressions. Our findings reveal that the plastic genotypes that are capable of significantly altering physiological and biochemical parameters in response to environmental stimuli exhibited reduced biomass loss in both aerial and root parts. As a result, this positively influenced their productivity. Enhanced plasticity was particularly prominent in accessions from the MG Germplasm Collection: MG 311-Hybrid Timor UFV 428-02, MG 270-Hybrid Timor UFV 377-21, and MG 279-Hybrid Timor UFV 376-31, alongside the Rubi MG 1192 cultivar. The MVPi emerged as a valuable instrument to assess genotype adaptability and predict their performance under varying climatic scenarios.
RESUMO
Eucalyptus globulus Labill is one of the most planted species in Chile, because of its fast growth and superior pulp qualities. Nevertheless, the incidence of drought and frost damage immediately after planting is frequent. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of drought hardening on frost resistance and on variations in morphological traits that may increase drought resistance at nursery phase in four genotypes of E. globulus Labill. Drought hardening treatments consisted in induced water stress by watering restriction, until pre-dawn stem xylem water potentials (Psi pd) reached -0.2, -1.8 and -2.6 MPa. Two water stress-rewatering cycles were applied during 54 days of hardening. Plant and root biomasses were affected by the interaction of drought hardening and genotypes. The rest of morphological and alometrical traits were affected independently by drought or genotype. Plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), stem, and leaf biomasses decreased with drought hardening, while collar diameter was not affected. Genotypes responded differentially to drought hardening in plant height, leaf area, SLA, and stem, and leaf biomasses. Ice nucleation temperature (INT), and freezing temperatures (FRT), and 50 percent freezing damage index of leaves (LT50) were affected by the interaction between drought hardening and genotypes. EG-13, EG-23 and EG-22 genotypes became freezing tolerant with drought hardening (-2.6 MPa). Additionally, EG-14 genotype increased its freezing resistance at -1.8 MPa. Therefore, freezing resistance levels and mechanism depend on genotype and drought hardening treatment. The success in tree breeding by genetic selection should be facilitated by improved understanding of the physiology of stress resistance development and survival during water supply limitations. The knowledge of morphological and freezing resistance dependency on the interaction between genotype and drought hardening may be useful...
Assuntos
Desidratação , Eucalyptus/análise , Eucalyptus/antagonistas & inibidores , Raízes de Plantas/anatomia & histologia , Raízes de Plantas/genética , Irrigação Agrícola , Congelamento , GenótipoRESUMO
Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar o grau de associação entre características de importância econômica de uma população de maracujá-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.) por meio da estimação dos coeficientes de correlação fenotípica e genético-aditivas. Cento e treze progênies de maracujá-amarelo foram obtidas conforme Delineamento I e avaliadas nas localidades de Viçosa, MG, e Miracema, RJ, em arranjos em três agrupamentos, com delineamentos em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições e três plantas por parcela. A característica número de frutos por planta demonstrou estar associada negativamente com peso, comprimento e largura de frutos, e positivamente com espessura de casca. Além disso, a característica peso de frutos apresentou correlações fenotípicas e genético-aditivas positivas com todas as demais, excluindo-se número de frutos por planta. Assim, o aumento nas dimensões do fruto pode resultar em diminuição da produção em números de frutos, de modo que métodos mais elaborados de seleção no melhoramento podem ser necessários para que se atinja uma população com alta produtividade e boas características comerciais. Por conseguinte, o uso de índices de seleção pode contribuir para obtenção de ganhos simultâneos em características de importância econômica em maracujá-amarelo.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the association among economically important traits of a yellow passion fruit population (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.) through the estimate of the phenotypic and genetic-additive correlations. Hundred thirteen yellow passion fruit progenies were obtained by using nested design and evaluated in two environments, Viçosa, MG, and Miracema, RJ, in Brazil, grouped in three sets in a randomized block design, with three replications and three plants per plot. The trait number of fruits per plant demonstrated to be associated negatively with weight, length and width of fruits, and positively with peel thickness. Moreover, the trait weight of fruits expressed positive values for phenotypic and genetic-additive correlations with others, excluded number of fruits by plant. Thus, the increase in the dimensions of fruit may result in decrease of the production in numbers of fruits, so that elaborated methods of selection may be necessary for a high productivity population and good commercial traits. Consequently, the use of selection indexes can contribute to obtain genetic gain in traits of economical importance in yellow passion fruit.
RESUMO
This study reviewed the theory of estimation/prediction of treatment means, in randomized block designs, emphasizing aspects of interest to plant breeders. Comparisons were made between analyses based on fixed (intrablock) and mixed (with random treatments effects - recovering intergenotypic information) linear models for identifying the determining factors that may affect the classification of genotypes. The mixed model approach, in comparison with the traditional analyses (marginal means and intrablock analysis), in general, leads to: i) more uniformly distributed treatment means; and ii) selection of different genetic treatments when the genetic variance is small relative to the environmental variance, as well as designs being non-orthogonal and unbalanced. In addition, if treatments of distinct reference populations are evaluated in the same experiment, BLUP prediction can lead to different ranking of means, in comparison with the intrablock analysis, even if designs are balanced and orthogonal.
O presente artigo propôs-se a refletir teoricamente o processo de estimação/predição de médias de tratamentos, nos delineamentos em blocos, com ênfase nas suas aplicações em testes de genótipos, no melhoramento vegetal. Neste sentido, procurou-se comparar as análises baseadas no modelo linear fixo (análise intrablocos) e no modelo linear misto com genótipos aleatórios (análise recuperando informação intertratamentos), buscando identificar os fatores que podem determinar diferentes classificações genotípicas. A análise teórica permitiu constatar que a abordagem de modelo misto (com tratamentos aleatórios), comparativamente às análises tradicionais (médias marginais e análise intrablocos), em geral, leva a: i) maior homogeneidade das médias de tratamentos; e ii) seleção de diferentes tratamentos genéticos, quando a variância genotípica for baixa em relação à variância do erro e os ensaios forem não ortogonais e desbalanceados. Ademais, se os tratamentos forem oriundos de várias populações, a predição BLUP poderá determinar diferente classificação das médias de tratamentos, em relação à análise intrablocos, mesmo sob ortogonalidade e balanceamento.
RESUMO
This study reviewed the theory of estimation/prediction of treatment means, in randomized block designs, emphasizing aspects of interest to plant breeders. Comparisons were made between analyses based on fixed (intrablock) and mixed (with random treatments effects - recovering intergenotypic information) linear models for identifying the determining factors that may affect the classification of genotypes. The mixed model approach, in comparison with the traditional analyses (marginal means and intrablock analysis), in general, leads to: i) more uniformly distributed treatment means; and ii) selection of different genetic treatments when the genetic variance is small relative to the environmental variance, as well as designs being non-orthogonal and unbalanced. In addition, if treatments of distinct reference populations are evaluated in the same experiment, BLUP prediction can lead to different ranking of means, in comparison with the intrablock analysis, even if designs are balanced and orthogonal.
O presente artigo propôs-se a refletir teoricamente o processo de estimação/predição de médias de tratamentos, nos delineamentos em blocos, com ênfase nas suas aplicações em testes de genótipos, no melhoramento vegetal. Neste sentido, procurou-se comparar as análises baseadas no modelo linear fixo (análise intrablocos) e no modelo linear misto com genótipos aleatórios (análise recuperando informação intertratamentos), buscando identificar os fatores que podem determinar diferentes classificações genotípicas. A análise teórica permitiu constatar que a abordagem de modelo misto (com tratamentos aleatórios), comparativamente às análises tradicionais (médias marginais e análise intrablocos), em geral, leva a: i) maior homogeneidade das médias de tratamentos; e ii) seleção de diferentes tratamentos genéticos, quando a variância genotípica for baixa em relação à variância do erro e os ensaios forem não ortogonais e desbalanceados. Ademais, se os tratamentos forem oriundos de várias populações, a predição BLUP poderá determinar diferente classificação das médias de tratamentos, em relação à análise intrablocos, mesmo sob ortogonalidade e balanceamento.