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Introducción. El embalaje y transporte de estupefacientes dentro del organismo, o body packing, es una práctica frecuente en Centroamérica y el Caribe. Además del riesgo de muerte por la exposición a las sustancias tóxicas, existe el riesgo de complicaciones mecánicas con indicación de manejo quirúrgico. El Hospital de Engativá, por su cercanía al aeropuerto de Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, es el centro de referencia para el tratamiento de estos pacientes. Caso clínico. Un hombre de 65 años traído al hospital por un episodio emético con expulsión de cuatro cápsulas para el transporte de estupefacientes. Al examen físico se encontraron masas palpables en el hemiabdomen superior, sin abdomen agudo. La tomografía de abdomen informó un síndrome pilórico secundario a retención gástrica de cuerpos extraños. Fue llevado a laparotomía y gastrotomía logrando la extracción de 97 objetos cilíndricos de látex que contenían sustancias ilícitas. Discusión. En los body packer asintomáticos, la administración de soluciones laxantes es una estrategia terapéutica segura. Los casos reportados de obstrucción gastrointestinal son infrecuentes y se relacionan con la ingesta de un gran número de cápsulas, por lo que es necesario el tratamiento quirúrgico. Conclusión. El síndrome pilórico es una presentación infrecuente en un body packer. Se debe tener un alto índice de sospecha para garantizar un manejo oportuno
Introduction. Packaging and transportation of narcotic drugs inside a human body, or body packing, is a frequent practice in Central America and the Caribbean. In addition to the risk of death due to exposure to toxic substances, there is a risk of mechanical complications with an indication for surgical management. The Engativá Hospital, due to its proximity to the airport in Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, is the reference center for the treatment of these patients. Clinical case. A 65-year-old man brought to the hospital for an emetic episode with expulsion of four narcotic transport capsules. Physical examination revealed palpable masses in the upper abdomen, without an acute abdomen. Abdominal tomography revealed pyloric syndrome secondary to gastric retention of foreign bodies. He was taken to laparotomy and gastrotomy, achieving the extraction of 97 cylindrical latex objects that contained illicit substances. Discussion. In asymptomatic body packers, the administration of laxative solutions is a safe therapeutic strategy. Reported cases of gastrointestinal obstruction are infrequent and are related to the ingestion of a large number of capsules, for which surgical treatment is necessary. Conclusion. Pyloric syndrome is an uncommon presentation in body packers. A high index of suspicion is required to ensure timely management
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Humanos , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica , Transporte Intracorporal de Contrabando , LaparotomiaRESUMO
Introduction: The gold-standard procedure to address malignant gastric outlet obstruction (MGOO) is surgical gastrojejunostomy (SGJJ). Two endoscopic alternatives have also been proposed: the endoscopic stenting (ES) and the endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-G). This study aimed to perform a thorough and strict meta-analysis to compare EUS-G with the SGJJ and ES in treating patients with MGOO. Materials and Methods: Studies comparing EUS-G to endoscopic stenting or SGJJ for patients with MGOO were considered eligible. We conducted online searches in primary databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Lilacs, and Central Cochrane) from inception through October 2021. The outcomes were technical and clinical success rates, serious adverse events (SAEs), reintervention due to obstruction, length of hospital stay (LOS), and time to oral intake. Results: We found similar technical success rates between ES and EUS-G but clinical success rates favored the latter. The comparison between EUS-G and SGJJ demonstrated better technical success rates in favor of the surgical approach but similar clinical success rates. EUS-G shortens the LOS by 2.8 days compared with ES and 5.8 days compared with SGJJ. Concerning reintervention due to obstruction, we found similar rates for EUS-G and SGJJ but considerably higher rates for ES compared with EUS-G. As to AEs, we demonstrated equivalent rates comparing EUS-G and SGJJ but significantly higher ones compared with ES. Conclusion: Despite being novel and still under refinement, the EUS-G has good safety and efficacy profiles compared with SGJJ and ES.
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Introducción. El síndrome de Bouveret es una variante del íleo biliar, de rara presentación dentro de las causas de obstrucción intestinal, generada por la impactación de un lito biliar a nivel del duodeno, secundario a la formación de una fístula bilioentérica. Es más común en mujeres en la octava década de la vida, con múltiples comorbilidades. y presenta síntomas inespecíficos, documentándose la triada de Rigler hasta en el 80 % de las tomografías de abdomen. La cirugía sigue siendo el tratamiento de elección. Caso clínico. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 76 años, con múltiples antecedentes y cuadros previos de cólico biliar, que consultó por dolor abdominal y signos de hemorragia de vías digestivas altas y se documentó un síndrome de Bouveret. Fue tratada en la misma hospitalización mediante extracción quirúrgica del cálculo con posterior resolución de su sintomatología.Conclusión. A pesar de que el síndrome deBouveret es una entidad de infrecuente presentación, los cirujanos generalesdeben estar familiarizados con esta patología, en el contexto del paciente que consulta con un cuadro de obstrucción intestinal, conociendo el valor de la tomografía de abdomen y la endoscopia de vías digestivas altas, teniendo en cuenta la edad y las condiciones del paciente para definir el manejo quirúrgico más adecuado.
Introduction. Bouveret's syndrome is a variant of gallstone ileus, of rare presentation within the causes of intestinal obstruction, generated by the impaction of a biliary stone at the level of the duodenum, secondary to the formation of a biliary-enteric fistula. It is more common in women in the eighth decade of life, with multiple comorbidities, and presents non-specific symptoms, with Rigler's triad being documented in up to 80% of abdominal CT scans. Surgery remains the treatment of choice. Clinical case. We present the case of a 76-year-old patient, with history of multiple episodes of biliary colic, who consulted for abdominal pain and signs of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Bouveret's syndrome was documented. She was treated in the same hospitalization by surgical extraction of the stone with subsequent resolution of her symptoms. Conclussion. Although Bouveret's syndrome is an entity of infrequent presentation, general surgeons must be familiar with this pathology in the context of the patient who presents with intestinal obstruction, knowing the value of abdominal tomography and upper GI endoscopy, taking into account the age and conditions of the patient to define the most appropriate surgical management.
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Humanos , Cálculos Biliares , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica , Obstrução Intestinal , Fístula do Sistema Digestório , Fístula Biliar , Obstrução DuodenalRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Gastric outlet obstruction is an uncommon complication of surgical treatment of aortoiliac occlusive disease with aortofemoral bypass. The most frequent presenting feature of duodenal erosion due to aortic synthetic graft is upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which can range from a minor "herald" bleed to exsanguinating hemorrhage. CASE PRESENTATION: A 64-year-old male patient with an aortofemoral Dacron bypass due to aortoiliac occlusive disease TASC II D with a chronic graft infection required emergency resection of the right limb of the Dacron graft two years ago. The patient developed abdominal pain, postprandial vomiting and progressive weight loss with an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy that showed Dacron graft material eroding into the fourth portion of the duodenum generating a gastric outlet obstruction without aortoenteric fistula and ulceration in the duodenal mucosa. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: The treatment goals of aortoenteric fistula are to control hemorrhage, treat infection, maintain adequate distal perfusion, graft explantation and aortic reconstructions like in this case. Traditional treatment of aortoenteric fistula is graft excision and establishing an anatomic autologous or an extra-anatomic synthetic bypass. Neo aortoiliac system procedure has shown to be the most effective and safest emerging technique today. CONCLUSION: Aortoenteric fistula is a life-threatening condition associated with high morbidity and mortality and it can also pose a diagnostic dilemma. There are many presentations of aortoenteric fistula including gastric outlet obstruction syndrome. The neo aortoiliac system procedure is the ideal curative surgical approach in stable patients.
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Gastric outlet obstruction is an uncommon condition in children. Traditionally, surgery has been the standard mode of treatment, but it is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic treatment has emerged as an alternative to conventional treatment. We present the case of a 4-year-old patient with refractory prepyloric stenosis secondary to peptic ulcer disease. The picture begins with vomiting and abdominal pain of 2 months of evolution. Pre-pyloric stenosis was confirmed. Faced with the lack of response to medical treatment and balloon dilation, radiated incisions were made with electrocautery and steroid injections. When medical treatment is not sufficient, endoscopic balloon therapy should be the first therapeutic gesture in this type of stenosis; given its refractoriness, we believe it is important to highlight the usefulness of endoscopic treatment, which could prevent surgery and associated morbidity and mortality.
La obstrucción de la salida gástrica es una afección infrecuente en la edad pediátrica. Tradicionalmente, la cirugía ha sido el modo de tratamiento estándar, pero está asociada a mayor morbimortalidad. El tratamiento endoscópico ha surgido como una alternativa al tratamiento convencional. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 4 años con estenosis prepilórica secundaria a enfermedad ulceropéptica. El cuadro clínico empezó con vómitos y dolor abdominal de 2 meses de evolución. Frente a la falta de respuesta al tratamiento médico y a la dilatación endoscópica con balón, se realizaron incisiones radiadas con electrocauterio e inyecciones de esteroides. La terapéutica endoscópica con balón debería ser el primer gesto terapéutico en este tipo de estenosis refractarias al tratamiento médico.
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Obstrução da Saída Gástrica , Úlcera Péptica , Estenose Pilórica , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Constrição Patológica , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/etiologia , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Estenose Pilórica/cirurgia , PiloroRESUMO
PURPOSE: Malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is associated with significant morbidity and decreased quality of life, thereby necessitating effective and safe palliative treatment. As such, we sought to compare endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) versus duodenal stent (DS) placement and surgical gastrojejunostomy (SGJ) for palliation of malignant GOO. METHODS: Searches of electronic databases were performed to identify studies comparing EUS-GE versus DS and/or SGJ for palliative treatment of GOO. Outcomes included technical and clinical success, severe adverse events (SAEs), rate of stent obstruction (including tumor ingrowth), length of hospital stay (LOS), reintervention, and 30-day all-cause mortality. Differences in dichotomous and continuous outcomes were reported as risk difference and mean difference, respectively. RESULTS: Seven studies (n = 513 patients) were included. When compared to DS placement, EUS-GE was associated with a higher clinical success, fewer SAEs, decreased stent obstruction, lower rate of tumor ingrowth, and decreased need for reintervention. Compared to SGJ, EUS-GE was associated with a lower technical success; however, LOS was significantly decreased. All other outcomes including clinical success, SAEs, reintervention rate, and 30-day mortality were not significantly different between an EUS-guided versus surgical approach. CONCLUSIONS: EUS-GE was associated with significantly improved outcomes compared to DS placement for palliative treatment of malignant GOO. Despite SGJ possessing a higher technical success compared to EUS-GE, LOS was significantly longer with no difference in clinical success or rate of adverse events.
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Derivação Gástrica , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica , Derivação Gástrica/efeitos adversos , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/etiologia , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/cirurgia , Gastroenterostomia , Humanos , Cuidados Paliativos , Qualidade de Vida , Stents , Ultrassonografia de IntervençãoRESUMO
La obstrucción de la salida gástrica es una afección infrecuente en la edad pediátrica. Tradicionalmente, la cirugía ha sido el modo de tratamiento estándar, pero está asociada a mayor morbimortalidad. El tratamiento endoscópico ha surgido como una alternativa al tratamiento convencional. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 4 años con estenosis prepilórica secundaria a enfermedad ulceropéptica. El cuadro clínico empezó con vómitos y dolor abdominal de 2 meses de evolución. Frente a la falta de respuesta al tratamiento médico y a la dilatación endoscópica con balón, se realizaron incisiones radiadas con electrocauterio e inyecciones de esteroides. La terapéutica endoscópica con balón debería ser el primer gesto terapéutico en este tipo de estenosis refractarias al tratamiento médico
Gastric outlet obstruction is an uncommon condition in children. Traditionally, surgery has been the standard mode of treatment, but it is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic treatment has emerged as an alternative to conventional treatment. We present the case of a 4-year-old patient with refractory prepyloric stenosis secondary to peptic ulcer disease. The picture begins with vomiting and abdominal pain of 2 months of evolution. Pre-pyloric stenosis was confirmed. Faced with the lack of response to medical treatment and balloon dilation, radiated incisions were made with electrocautery and steroid injections. When medical treatment is not sufficient, endoscopic balloon therapy should be the first therapeutic gesture in this type of stenosis; given its refractoriness, we believe it is important to highlight the usefulness of endoscopic treatment, which could prevent surgery and associated morbidity and mortality.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Úlcera Péptica , Estenose Pilórica/cirurgia , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/cirurgia , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/etiologia , Piloro , Constrição PatológicaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Palliative gastrojejunostomy is a surgical technique that allows restoration of oral intake among patients with gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) caused by unresectable neoplasms. Research suggests standard treatment for malignant GOO should be laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy (LGJ). This study presents the clinical outcomes of palliative gastrojejunostomy and compares results from LGJ and open gastrojejunostomy (OGJ) at our centre. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis on patients who underwent palliative gastrojejunostomy for GOO caused by unresectable neoplasms between 2008 and 2018. We included demographic variables, time to recover intestinal transit, time to recover oral intake, hospital stay, complications and global survival. RESULTS: A total of 39 patients underwent palliative gastrojejunostomy (20 OGJ, 19 LGJ). Patients in the LGJ group recovered oral intake and intestinal transit faster than those in the OGJ group (3 vs 5 days, p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in median operating time, hospital stay or postoperative complications between the two groups. No intraoperative complications occurred. The estimated global survival was 178 days, with no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Palliative LGJ allows earlier restoration of oral intake and does not increase morbidity or mortality. Palliative LGJ should be considered the standard treatment for these patients.
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Ingestão de Alimentos , Derivação Gástrica/métodos , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/cirurgia , Trânsito Gastrointestinal , Neoplasias/complicações , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Coortes , Neoplasias Duodenais/complicações , Feminino , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/complicações , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/etiologia , Humanos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Laparotomia/métodos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Duração da Cirurgia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/complicações , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/complicações , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A obstrução por bezoar é um acúmulo de material parcialmente ou não digerido no estômago. Bezoares gástricos são raros e ocorrem com mais frequência em pacientes com transtornos de comportamento, esvaziamento gástrico anormal ou após cirurgia gástrica. Podem ser assintomáticos ou apresentar sintomas como dor abdominal e vômitos incoercíveis. Podem ainda ter composições diversas e ocorrer em todas as faixas etárias. O objetivo deste relato foi demonstrar um caso de bezoar gástrico em paciente previamente submetido à cirurgia bariátrica e internado com quadro de vômitos incoercíveis e hemorragia digestiva alta, com a demonstração de que sua resolução completa ocorreu na realização da segunda endoscopia.
Bezoar obstruction is an accumulation of partially digested or undigested material in the stomach. Gastric bezoars are rare and occur more frequently in patients with behavioral disorders, abnormal gastric emptying, or after gastric surgery. They may be asymptomatic or present with symptoms such as abdominal pain and incoercible vomiting. They can have diverse compositions and occur in all age groups. The aim of this report was to demonstrate a case of gastric bezoar in a patient who previously underwent a bariatric surgery and was hospitalized with incoercible vomiting and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, with the demonstration that its complete resolution occurred during the second endoscopy.
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Humanos , Masculino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estômago/diagnóstico por imagem , Bezoares/complicações , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/etiologia , Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Vômito , Bezoares/cirurgia , Bezoares/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/cirurgia , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia GastrointestinalRESUMO
SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: EUS-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) is a novel procedure for palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). Our aim was to evaluate the outcomes of this technique in our initial experience. METHODS: Patients with GOO from our institute were included. Technical success was defined as the successful creation of a gastroenterostomy. Clinical success was defined as the ability to tolerate a soft diet after the procedure. We assessed adverse events and diet tolerance 1 month after the procedure. RESULTS: Three patients were included. Technical and clinical success was achieved in all cases. There were no adverse events and good diet tolerance was observed 1 month after the procedure in the included patients. CONCLUSION: EUS-GE is a promising treatment for patients with GOO.
RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A gastroenterostomia ecoguiada é um novo procedimento para paliação da obstrução maligna gastroduodenal. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar os resultados dessa técnica em nossa experiência inicial. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos pacientes com obstrução maligna gastroduodenal de nossa instituição. O sucesso técnico foi definido como a realização adequada de uma gastroenterostomia. O sucesso clínico foi definido como boa aceitação de dieta pastosa durante a internação. Os eventos adversos e a aceitação alimentar foram avaliados um mês após o procedimento. RESULTADOS: Três pacientes foram incluídos. Os sucessos técnico e clínico foram alcançados em todos os casos. Não houve eventos adversos e a aceitação alimentar permaneceu adequada um mês após o procedimento nos pacientes incluídos. CONCLUSÃO: O EUS-GE é um tratamento promissor para pacientes com obstrução maligna gastroduodenal.
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Humanos , Gastroenterostomia , Endossonografia , Brasil , Stents , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/cirurgia , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/etiologia , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/diagnóstico por imagem , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) are the ideal treatment for malignant gastric outlet obstruction (MGOO) in patients with a short life expectancy, but stent dysfunction is frequent. The primary aim of our study was to identify the predictive factors of SEMS dysfunction in MGOO and the secondary aim was to determine the technical success, clinical success, and nutritional impact after SEMS placement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, longitudinal study was conducted at the gastrointestinal endoscopy department of the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología in Mexico City. Patients diagnosed with MGOO that underwent SEMS placement within the time frame of January 2015 to May 2018 were included. We utilized the gastric outlet obstruction scoring system (GOOSS) to determine clinical success and SEMS dysfunction. RESULTS: The study included 43 patients, technical success was 97.7% (n=42), and clinical success was 88.3% (n=38). SEMS dysfunction presented in 30.2% (n=13) of the patients, occurring in<6 months after placement in 53.8% (n=7) of them. In the univariate analysis, the histologic subtype, diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma (p=0.02) and the use of uncovered SEMS (p=0.02) were the variables associated with dysfunction. Albumin levels and body mass index did not increase after SEMS placement. Medical follow-up was a mean 5.8 months (1-24 months). CONCLUSIONS: SEMS demonstrated adequate technical and clinical efficacy in the treatment of MGOO. SEMS dysfunction was frequent and diffuse type gastric cancer and uncovered SEMS appeared to be dysfunction predictors.
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Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/cirurgia , Stents Metálicos Autoexpansíveis , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/etiologia , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Falha de Prótese , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/complicações , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
RESUMEN La gastroenteritis eosinofílica (EG) es una entidad poco frecuente. Presentamos un varón de 55 años sin antecedentes de atopía ni alergia, que presentó dolor abdominal y vómitos. La tomografía computarizada abdominal y la ecoendoscopia demostraron engrosamiento de la pared gástrica con engrosamiento de la pared del duodeno superior, sin masa definida ni colección de líquido. La endoscopia gastrointestinal confirmó engrosamiento de pliegues prepilóricos y duodeno superior con estenosis luminal. Se realizó gastrectomía parcial por ausencia de diagnóstico definitivo y sospecha de posible malignidad y diagnóstico de obstrucción de la salida gástrica. La histopatología fue compatible con EG, tratada con un tratamiento con corticoides de 8 semanas de duración, mostró mejoría clínica, aumento de peso y normalización del recuento de eosinófilos en sangre periférica.
ABSTRACT Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) is a rare entity. We report a 55-year-old man had no previous atopy or allergic history, who presented abdominal pain and vomiting. Abdominal computed tomography and endoscopy ultrasonography demostrated gastric wall thickening with wall thickening of the superior duodenum, without defined mass or fluid collection. Gastrointestinal endoscopy confirmed thickening of prepyloric folds and superior duodenum with luminal stenosis. Parcial gastrectomy was performed due to absence of definitive diagnosis and suspicion of possible malignancy and diagnosis of gastric outlet obstruction. Histopathology was compatible with EG, treated with an 8-week long corticosteroid therapy, showed clinical improvement, weight gain and normalization of eosinophil count on peripheral blood.
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Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/etiologia , Enterite/complicações , Eosinofilia/complicações , Gastrite/complicações , Enterite/diagnóstico , Eosinofilia/diagnóstico , Gastrite/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is one of the main complications in stage IV gastric cancer patients. This condition is usually managed by gastrojejunostomy (GJ). However, gastric partitioning (GP) has been described as an alternative to overcoming possible drawbacks of GJ, such as delayed gastric emptying and tumor bleeding. AIM: To compare the outcomes of patients who underwent GP and GJ for malignant GOO. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 60 patients who underwent palliative gastric bypass for unresectable distal gastric cancer with GOO from 2009 to 2018. Baseline clinicopathological characteristics including age, nutritional status, body mass index, and performance status were evaluated. Obstructive symptoms were graded according to GOO score (GOOS). Surgical outcomes evaluated included duration of the procedure, surgical complications, mortality, and length of hospital stay. Acceptance of oral diet after the procedure, weight gain, and overall survival were the long-term outcomes evaluated. RESULTS: GP was performed in 30 patients and conventional GJ in the other 30 patients. The mean follow-up was 9.2 mo. Forty-nine (81.6%) patients died during that period. All variables were similar between groups, with the exception of worse performance status in GP patients. The mean operative time was higher in the GP group (161.2 vs 85.2 min, P < 0.001). There were no differences in postoperative complications and surgical mortality between groups. The median overall survival was 7 and 8.4 mo for the GP and GJ groups, respectively (P = 0.610). The oral acceptance of soft solids (GOOS 2) and low residue or full diet (GOOS 3) were reached by 28 (93.3%) GP patients and 22 (75.9%) GJ patients (P = 0.080). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that GOOS 2 and GOOS 3 were the main prognostic factors for survival (hazard ratio: 8.90, 95% confidence interval: 3.38-23.43, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: GP is a safe and effective procedure to treat GOO. Compared to GJ, it provides similar surgical outcomes with a trend to better solid diet acceptance by patients.
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Heterotopic pancreas is a silent gastrointestinal malformation that may become clinically evident when complicated by inflammation and pseudocyst formation. We report a 26 year-old male presenting with vomiting, pain and abdominal distention. An abdominal CT scan showed an important gastric distention secondary to a 4-cm cystic lesion located in the antrum wall. An endosonography showed that the lesion obstructed the gastric outlet and was compatible with a pseudocyst. A cysto-gastrostomy was performed draining the cyst. Its high lipase and amylase content confirmed that it was a pancreatic pseudocyst. Six months later, the lesion appeared again and a subtotal gastrectomy was performed Histopathology confirmed ectopic pancreatic tissue.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pseudocisto Pancreático/diagnóstico por imagem , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/diagnóstico por imagem , Pseudocisto Pancreático/complicações , Pseudocisto Pancreático/patologia , Gastrostomia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/etiologia , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/patologia , EndossonografiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In Bouveret's syndrome, a biliary stone obstructs the duodenum. Surgical treatment is plagued by high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, endoscopic treatment has become a first-line approach. Areas covered: A literature search of Medline and Google Scholar databases was performed using the terms endoscopic treatment, non-operative treatment, Bouveret's syndrome, and gallstone ileus. Sixty-one cases of successful endoscopic treatment were found over the period 1978-2016 and are summarized herein. Therapeutic modalities used in 52 patients with complete success included mechanical lithotripsy (40% of cases), electrohydraulic lithotripsy (21% of cases), extraction of the intact stone and laser lithotripsy (15% of cases each), extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy and duodenal stenting (4% of cases each). In the remaining 9 patients, stone fragments migrated distally and required surgical removal. Cholecystectomy was performed in five (8.2%) of 61 patients and gallbladder cancer was detected in three (4.9%) patients. Expert commentary: Meticulous preparation, including that of instruments, personnel, patient anesthesia, and X-ray availability, is key to success in this unusual situation. Partial success (stone fragmentation and mobilization to another location) may render surgery easier as these patients present with dense adherences in the right upper quadrant. Cholecystectomy is reserved for highly selected patients (e.g. relapsing ileus, gallbladder cancer).
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Colecistectomia , Obstrução Duodenal/terapia , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório , Cálculos Biliares/terapia , Litotripsia , Stents , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Colecistectomia/efeitos adversos , Obstrução Duodenal/diagnóstico por imagem , Obstrução Duodenal/etiologia , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/efeitos adversos , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Feminino , Cálculos Biliares/complicações , Cálculos Biliares/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Litotripsia/efeitos adversos , Litotripsia/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Fatores de Risco , Síndrome , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Gastrointestinal bezoars are a concretion of indigested material that can be found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and some animals. This material forms an intraluminal mass, more commonly located in the stomach. During a large period of history animal bezoars were considered antidotes to poisons and diseases. We report a historical overview since bezoars stones were thought to have medicinal properties. This magic conception was introduced in South America by Spanish conquerors. In Chile, bezoars are commonly found in a camelid named guanaco (Lama guanicoe). People at Central Chile and the Patagonia believed that bezoar stones had magical properties and they were traded at very high prices. In Santiago, during the eighteenth century the Jesuit apothecary sold preparations of bezoar stones. The human bezoars may be formed by non-digestible material like cellulose (phytobezoar), hair (trichobezoar), conglomerations of medications or his vehicles (pharmacobezoar or medication bezoar), milk and mucus component (lactobezoar) or other varieties of substances. This condition may be asymptomatic or can produce abdominal pain, ulceration, gastrointestinal bleeding, gastric outlet obstruction, perforation and mechanical intestinal obstruction. We report their classification, diagnostic modalities and treatment.
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Humanos , Animais , História Medieval , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XXI , Bezoares/história , Gastroenteropatias/história , Chile , CulturaAssuntos
Coristoma/diagnóstico , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/etiologia , Pâncreas/anormalidades , Estenose Pilórica Hipertrófica/diagnóstico , Coristoma/complicações , Endoscopia/métodos , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/cirurgia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estenose Pilórica Hipertrófica/complicações , Estenose Pilórica Hipertrófica/cirurgia , Estômago/anormalidades , Estômago/cirurgia , Ultrassonografia/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In patients with unresectable gastric cancer and outlet obstruction syndrome, gastric partitioning gastrojejunostomy is an alternative, which could avoid the drawbacks of the standard techniques. OBJECTIVE: Comparison of antroduodenal stent, conventional gastrojejunostomy and gastric partitioning gastrojejunostomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with unresectable distal gastric cancer and gastric outlet obstruction, treated with the three different techniques over the last 12 years, comparing results based on oral tolerance and complications. An analysis was performed on the results using the Student-t test for independent variables. RESULTS: The 22 patients were divided in 3 groups: group I (6 cases) stent, group II (9 cases) conventional gastrojejunostomy, and group III (7 cases) gastric partitioning gastrojejunostomy, respectively. The stent allows a shorter "postoperative" stay and early onset of oral tolerance (P<0.05), however, the gastric partitioning gastrojejunostomy achieve normal diet at 15th day (P<0.05). The mortality rate was higher in the stent group (33%) compared with surgical techniques, with a morbidity of 4/6 (66.7%) in Group I, 6/9 (66.7%) Group II, and 3/7 (42%) Group III. Re-interventions: 2/6 Group I, 3/9 Group II, and 0/7 Group III. The median survival was superior in the gastric partitioning gastrojejunostomy, achieving an overall survival of 6.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: The gastric partitioning gastrojejunostomy for treatment of gastric outlet obstruction in unresectable advanced gastric cancer is a safe technique, allowing a more complete diet with lower morbidity and improved survival.
Assuntos
Derivação Gástrica/métodos , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/cirurgia , Neoplasias Gástricas/complicações , Estômago/cirurgia , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Nutrição Enteral , Feminino , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/etiologia , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Reoperação/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Stents , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Las causas de obstrucción en el vaciamiento gástrico (OVG) pueden ser intrínsecas, de la pared o extrínsecas. En Pediatría, la más frecuente es la estenosis hipertrófica del píloro. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la utilidad del ultrasonido (US) en el diagnóstico de OVG de causa poco común. El estómago es fácilmente visualizable con US, cuando la luz se distiende adecuadamente con líquido. El protocolo de estudio incluye la realización de cortes en los planos transversal y longitudinal, evaluando la pared (normalmente de 3mm aprox.) y el vaciamiento gástrico. Presentamos una serie de 7 pacientes, entre los 9 meses y 12 años de edad, con síntomas de OVG, que fueron estudiados en nuestro hospital entre 2009 y 2012. El US mostró engrosamiento de la pared, ocupación de la cavidad gástrica o alguna imagen en íntimo contacto con la pared, sin plano de clivaje. Los diagnósticos fueron: enfermedad granulomatosa crónica, duplicación con heterotopia gástrica y metaplasia intestinal focal, gastritis crónica, linfoma de Burkitt, quiste de duplicación con ectopia pancreática y tricobezoar. En los niños con vómitos alimenticios y sospecha de OVG debemos hacer un estudio ecográfico minucioso de la región antropilórica para valorar la pared, el contenido y las relaciones extrínsecas, de modo de orientar el diagnóstico y sugerir en cada caso qué estudios realizar para confirmarlo. La endoscopia con biopsia generalmente es concluyente, evitando la seriada esófago gastroduodenal (SEGD) y, en muchos casos, se utiliza la tomografía computada (TC), por lo menos antes del diagnóstico histológico de certeza.
The stomach is easily observed in an ultrasound (US) exam when is filled with liquid. The US scan protocol includes longitudinal and transversal views of the stomach, evaluating the muscular wall thickness (normal up to 3mm) and the gastric outlet. Causes of gastric outlet obstruction can be intrinsic, extrinsic or from the stomach wall. In children, the commonest cause is the hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.The aim of this work is to show the usefulness of ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis of gastric outlet obstruction of uncommon cause. We present 7 patients from 9 months to 12 years old, studied in our hospital between 2009 and 2012, who presented gastric outlet obstruction symptoms. US showed thickening of the stomach muscular wall, filling of the stomach lumen or a mass in close relationship with the stomach wall. Granulomatous disease, gastric duplication with heterotopy, focal intestinal metaplasia, chronic gastritis, Burkitt lymphoma, duplication cyst, pancreatic ectopic tissue and bezoar were found in our serie. Gastric outlet obstruction (nonbilius emesis) in children is an entity that must be studied with detail through US including the pyloric channel and the gastric antrum. Endoscopy guided biopsy is conclusive in most of the cases avoiding the need for an Upper GI study and, in many cases, the need for a CT scan.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Vômito , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica , Estenose Pilórica Hipertrófica , Helicobacter pylori , Ultrassonografia , Fator IntrínsecoRESUMO
Las causas de obstrucción en el vaciamiento gástrico (OVG) pueden ser intrínsecas, de la pared o extrínsecas. En Pediatría, la más frecuente es la estenosis hipertrófica del píloro. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la utilidad del ultrasonido (US) en el diagnóstico de OVG de causa poco común. El estómago es fácilmente visualizable con US, cuando la luz se distiende adecuadamente con líquido. El protocolo de estudio incluye la realización de cortes en los planos transversal y longitudinal, evaluando la pared (normalmente de 3mm aprox.) y el vaciamiento gástrico. Presentamos una serie de 7 pacientes, entre los 9 meses y 12 años de edad, con síntomas de OVG, que fueron estudiados en nuestro hospital entre 2009 y 2012. El US mostró engrosamiento de la pared, ocupación de la cavidad gástrica o alguna imagen en íntimo contacto con la pared, sin plano de clivaje. Los diagnósticos fueron: enfermedad granulomatosa crónica, duplicación con heterotopia gástrica y metaplasia intestinal focal, gastritis crónica, linfoma de Burkitt, quiste de duplicación con ectopia pancreática y tricobezoar. En los niños con vómitos alimenticios y sospecha de OVG debemos hacer un estudio ecográfico minucioso de la región antropilórica para valorar la pared, el contenido y las relaciones extrínsecas, de modo de orientar el diagnóstico y sugerir en cada caso qué estudios realizar para confirmarlo. La endoscopia con biopsia generalmente es concluyente, evitando la seriada esófago gastroduodenal (SEGD) y, en muchos casos, se utiliza la tomografía computada (TC), por lo menos antes del diagnóstico histológico de certeza.(AU)
The stomach is easily observed in an ultrasound (US) exam when is filled with liquid. The US scan protocol includes longitudinal and transversal views of the stomach, evaluating the muscular wall thickness (normal up to 3mm) and the gastric outlet. Causes of gastric outlet obstruction can be intrinsic, extrinsic or from the stomach wall. In children, the commonest cause is the hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.The aim of this work is to show the usefulness of ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis of gastric outlet obstruction of uncommon cause. We present 7 patients from 9 months to 12 years old, studied in our hospital between 2009 and 2012, who presented gastric outlet obstruction symptoms. US showed thickening of the stomach muscular wall, filling of the stomach lumen or a mass in close relationship with the stomach wall. Granulomatous disease, gastric duplication with heterotopy, focal intestinal metaplasia, chronic gastritis, Burkitt lymphoma, duplication cyst, pancreatic ectopic tissue and bezoar were found in our serie. Gastric outlet obstruction (nonbilius emesis) in children is an entity that must be studied with detail through US including the pyloric channel and the gastric antrum. Endoscopy guided biopsy is conclusive in most of the cases avoiding the need for an Upper GI study and, in many cases, the need for a CT scan.(AU)