Assuntos
Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar , Humanos , Chile/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cálculos Biliares/mortalidade , Cálculos Biliares/epidemiologia , Adulto , Programas Governamentais , IdosoRESUMO
Introducción. El cáncer de vesícula biliar es el más común en el tracto biliopancreático y una importante causa de mortalidad. La metaplasia y la displasia han sido mencionados como probables precursores relacionados con la secuencia metaplasia-displasia-cáncer. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer las posibles asociaciones entre estas alteraciones histopatológicas y su relación con la edad y el sexo de los pacientes. Métodos. Estudio observacional retrospectivo descriptivo, con un componente analítico de corte transversal. Se incluyeron los informes de patología de pacientes llevados a colecistectomía laparoscópica electiva y ambulatoria, entre enero de 2015 y diciembre de 2020, con colecistitis crónica, colelitiasis o pólipos vesiculares, mayores de 18 años. Se describieron las características demográficas por sexo y edad utilizando medias, desviaciones estándar y porcentajes. Se emplearon la prueba de chi cuadrado y la prueba exacta de Fisher para evaluar la asociación entre las variables cualitativas. Resultados. Se incluyeron 4871 informes de patología. En esta cohorte se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre metaplasia, displasia y cáncer de vesícula (p<0,05), al igual que con el sexo y la edad de los pacientes. Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren una asociación entre metaplasia, displasia y cáncer de vesícula biliar en la población estudiada. Se recomienda la realización de investigaciones complementarias para definir la posible causalidad entre metaplasia, displasia y cáncer de vesícula biliar en una población más heterogénea.
Introduction. Gallbladder cancer is the most common cancer in the biliopancreatic tract and an important cause of mortality. Metaplasia and dysplasia have been mentioned as probable precursors related to the metaplasia-dysplasia-cancer sequence. The objective of this study was to establish the possible associations between these histopathological alterations and their relationship with the age and sex of the patients. Methods. Descriptive retrospective observational study, with a cross-sectional analytical component. Pathology reports of patients undergoing elective and outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included between January 2015 and December 2020, with chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, or gallbladder polyps, over 18 years of age. Demographic characteristics by sex and age was performed using means, standard deviations, and percentages. The chi2 test and Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the association between the qualitative variables. Results. 4871 pathology reports were included. In this cohort, a statistically significant association was found between metaplasia, dysplasia, and gallbladder cancer (p<0.05), as well as with the sex and age of the patients. Conclusions. The results suggest an association between metaplasia, dysplasia and gallbladder cancer in the study population. Additional research is recommended to define the possible causality between metaplasia, dysplasia, and gallbladder cancer in a more heterogeneous population.
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Humanos , Colecistectomia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar , Progressão da Doença , Vesícula Biliar , Metaplasia , NeoplasiasRESUMO
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Gallbladder polyps are becoming a common finding in ultrasound. The management has to consider the potential risk of malignant lesions. AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyze the ultrasound findings in patients undergoing cholecystectomy due to gallbladder polyps and compare them for histopathological findings (HPs). METHODS: Patients with an ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder polyp and who underwent cholecystectomy from 2007 to 2020 were included in the study. RESULTS: A total of 447 patients were included, of whom 58% were women. The mean age was 45±12 years. The mean size of polyps in US was 7.9±3.6 mm. Notably, 9% of polyps were greater than 10 mm, and single polyps were significantly larger than the multiple ones (p=0.003). Histopathological findings confirmed the presence of polyps in 88.4%, with a mean size of 4.8±3.4 mm. In all, 16 cases were neoplastic polyps (4.1%), 4 of them being malignancies, and all were single and larger than 10 mm. We found a significant correlation between ultrasound and histopathological findings polyp size determination (r=0.44; p<0.001). The Bland-Altman analysis obtained an overestimation of the US size of 3.26 mm. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis between both measures obtained an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.77 (95%CI 0.74-0.81). Ultrasound polyps size larger than 10 mm had an odds ratio (OR) of 8.147 (95%CI 2.56-23.40) for the presence of adenoma and malignancy, with a likelihood ratio of 2.78. CONCLUSIONS: There is a positive correlation and appropriate diagnostic accuracy between ultrasound size of gallbladder polyps compared to histopathological records, with a trend to overestimate the size by about 3 mm. Neoplastic polyps are uncommon, and it correlates with size. Polyps larger than 10 mm were associated with adenoma and malignancy.
RESUMO RACIONAL: Os pólipos da vesícula biliar estão se tornando um achado comum na ultrassonografia (US). O manejo deve levar em consideração o risco de lesões malignas. OBJETIVOS: Analisar os achados da ultrassonografia em pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia por pólipos vesicais e compará-los com os achados histopatológicos. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados os prontuários médicos dos pacientes com diagnóstico ultrassonográfico de pólipo vesicular e submetidos à colecistectomia no período de 2007 a 2020. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 447 pacientes. A média de idade foi 45±12anos, sendo 58% mulheres. O tamanho médio dos pólipos na US foide 7,9±3,6mm. Nove por cento foram maiores que 10 mm, e os pólipos únicos encontrados foram maiores do que os múltiplos (p=0,003). A HP confirmou a presença de pólipos em 88,4%, tamanho médio 4,8±3,4mm. Dezesseis eram pólipos neoplásicos (4,1%) e quatro deles malignos, únicos e maiores que 10 mm. Foi encontrado correlação significativa entre a determinação do tamanho do pólipo ao ultrassonografia e histopatológicos (r=0,44; p<0,001). A análise de Bland-Altman obteve uma superestimação do tamanho do pólipo ao US em 3,26 mm. A análise da curva da característica de operação do receptor entre as duas medidas obteve uma área sob a curva curva da característica de operação do receptor (AUC) de 0,77 (IC95% 0,74-0,81). Pólipos ao ultrassonografia maiores que 10 mm apresentaram razão de chance (OR) de 8,147 (IC95% 2,56-23,40) para presença de adenoma e malignidade, com razão de verossimilhança de 2,78. CONCLUSÕES: Há uma correlação positiva e acurácia diagnóstica apropriada entre o tamanho dos pólipos da vesícula biliar por ultrassonografia em comparação com os achados histopatológicos, com uma tendência de superestimar o tamanho em cerca de 3 mm. Pólipos maiores que 10 mm foram associados a adenoma e malignidade.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Pólipos/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Pólipos/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ultrassonografia , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica , Adenoma de Ducto Biliar/patologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/etiologiaRESUMO
Resumen La enfermedad de la vesícula biliar es una causa común de dolor abdominal. Si bien por lo general el dolor es secundario a la presencia de litiasis y colecistitis aguda, el espectro de la enfermedad es amplio e incluye anomalías congénitas, otros procesos inflamatorios y neoplasias. La tomografía computada (TC) y la resonancia magnética (RM) tienen un papel relevante en aquellos casos en los que la ecografía no es concluyente y en la planificación del tratamiento. Dentro de las anomalías congénitas, la forma en gorro frigio es la más frecuente. Los pólipos son en su mayoría lesiones benignas, siendo las características de malignidad un tamaño superior a 10 mm, solitario y sésil. La adenomiomatosis es reconocible por el engrosamiento de la pared vesicular y los componentes quísticos intramurales. Es importante reconocer el gas intramural e intraluminal en la colecistitis enfisematosa y los microabscesos y hemorragias intraluminales en la colecistitis gangrenosa debido a su alta morbilidad y mortalidad. La colecistitis xantogranulomatosa presenta nódulos intramurales que ocupan más del 60% del área de la pared engrosada y la conservación lineal del realce de la mucosa sin interrupción. El carcinoma vesicular se presenta como una lesión infiltrante que se extiende al hígado, un engrosamiento mural o una masa polipoide intraluminal.
Abstract Gallbladder disease is a common cause of abdominal pain. Although the pain is usually secondary to the presence of lithiasis and acute cholecystitis, the spectrum of the disease is broad and includes congenital anomalies, other inflammatory processes and neoplasms. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MRI) have a relevant role in those cases in which ultrasound is not conclusive and in treatment planning. Among the congenital anomalies, the phrygian cap shape is the most frequent. Polyps are mostly benign lesions, with the characteristics of malignancy being larger than 10 mm, solitary and sessile. Adenomyomatosis is recognizable by gallbladder wall thickening and intramural cystic components. It is important to recognize intramural and intraluminal gas in emphysematous cholecystitis and intraluminal microabscesses and hemorrhages in gangrenous cholecystitis because of its high morbidity and mortality. Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis presents with intramural nodules occupying more than 60% of the thickened wall area and linear preservation of mucosal enhancement without interruption. Gallbladder carcinoma presents as an infiltrative lesion extending to the liver, a mural thickening or an intraluminal polypoid mass.
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Cholecystocolonic fistula (CCF) is the second most common cholecystoenteric fistula, associated in most cases with stone disease. Symptoms are usually minimal or nonspecific, and preoperative diagnosis is uncommon. Although the incidence of FCC caused by gallbladder cancer comprises 1.7% of cases, it is necessary to suspect it in order to adopt the best therapeutic strategy.
La fístula colecistocolónica (FCC) es la segunda fístula colecistoentérica más común, asociada en la mayoría de los casos a enfermedad litiásica. Los síntomas suelen ser mínimos o inespecíficos, siendo infrecuente su diagnóstico preoperatorio. Si bien la incidencia de FCC causada por cáncer de vesícula biliar comprende el 1,7 % de los casos, es necesario sospecharla para adoptar la mejor estrategia terapéutica.
Assuntos
Doenças do Colo , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar , Fístula Intestinal , Doenças do Colo/complicações , Doenças do Colo/diagnóstico , Doenças do Colo/cirurgia , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/complicações , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/complicações , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Humanos , Fístula Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Fístula Intestinal/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Gallbladder Cancer (GBC) prevalence varies among countries, associated with different geographical and genetic factors. The Mapuche ethnicity (Ethnia mostly located between the VIII and X Chilean regions) stands out in Chile due to its high GBC prevalence. Aim: To estimate the GBC prevalence in patients undergoing cholecystectomy at a public hospital in the Northern region of Chile (Tarapaca), where other ethnical groups are common. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pathological reports of 3270 patients (72% women) who underwent cholecystectomy between January 2016 and December 2019 were revised. Subsequently, the accreditation of ethnic belonging for each patient to one of the ten native communities in Chile was requested to the National Corporation for Native Communities Development (CONADI). RESULTS: According to the analysis of pathological reports, the global GBC prevalence was 0.3 %. The prevalence in Aymaras was 0.4% and 0% in Mapuches. The distribution of ethnic origins among analyzed patients was Aymara in 14.3, Mapuche in 2.7%, Diaguita in 1.7%, Quechua in 1.3%, Atacameña in 0.2%, and Colla in 0.2%. No specific ethnic origin was found in 79% of patients. Conclusions: There was a low GBC prevalence rate in Northern Chile and among the Aymara population.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/epidemiologia , Colecistectomia , Etnicidade , Chile/epidemiologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the prognostic effect of the tumor-stroma ratio, which has been shown to have prognostic value in various cancers, in patients with gallbladder cancer who have undergone curative resection. METHODS: The records of gallbladder cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment in our clinic between December 2005 and March 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections representing the tumors were evaluated under light microscopy to determine tumor-stroma ratio, and based on the results, <50% was defined as the stroma-rich and ≥50% as the stroma-poor groups. RESULTS: A total of 28 patients, including 20 females and 8 males, with a mean age of 64.6 years, were included in this study. Stroma-poor and stroma-rich tumors were detected in 15 and 13 patients, respectively. There was no statistically significant relationship identified between tumor-stroma ratio and advanced age, gender, serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen, incidental or nonincidental diagnosis, jaundice, adjacent organ or structure resection, tumor location, grades 1-2 or 3, T1/T2 or T3/T4, N0 or N1/N2, M stage, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion. The stroma-poor and stroma-rich groups had a 5-year survival rate of 30% and 19.2% and a median overall survival of 25.7 and 15.1 months, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.526). CONCLUSIONS: A low tumor-stroma ratio tended to be a poor prognostic factor in gallbladder cancer, although not to a statistically significant degree. This can be considered one of the preliminary studies, as further studies involving larger groups are needed.
RESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue describir las características clínico-patológicas de individuos diagnosticados de cáncer de hígado, vías biliares o vesícula. Materiales y métodos: Entre el 2006 y 2017, se diagnosticaron 89 pacientes (57% mujeres; media: 62 años) con estos canceres en dos hospitales nacionales de Lima, Perú. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que, independientemente del tipo de cáncer, 64% de los participantes habían sido diagnosticados en estadios avanzados. La anemia fue más frecuente en los pacientes con cáncer de vías biliares e hígado y en estadios avanzados. Se observó mayor frecuencia (32%) de hipertensión arterial (HTA) en el grupo con cáncer de hígado. El análisis por edad mostró que en los pacientes mayores de 50 años la HTA fue más frecuente. Asimismo, sujetos menores de 50 años reportaron antecedentes de infecciones previas en mayor frecuencia (50%), siendo Hepatitis B (HBV) la más común. Conclusiones: Este estudio describe las características clínico-patológicas de base de una neoplasia poco estudiada en el ámbito nacional.
ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the study was to describe the clinicopathological profile of patients diagnosed with liver, bile ducts or gallbladder cancer. Materials and methods: Between 2006 and 2017, 89 patients (57% female; mean age: 62 years-old) with these cancers were diagnosed at two national hospitals in Lima, Peru. Results: Most patients (64%) had advanced stages of disease. Anemia was more frequent in patients with bile duct and liver cancer and in advanced stages. Hypertension (HTN) was frequent among liver cancer patients (32%). The analysis by age showed that HTN was more frequent in patients over 50 years. Likewise, people under 50 years had more frequent history of previous infections (50%), Hepatitis B (HBV) being the most common. Conclusions: This study describes the baseline clinicopathological characteristics of a malignancy poorly studied in Peru.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the prevalence of incidental gallbladder cancer (IGBC) in cholecystectomies performed in a tertiary public hospital and to describe technical and epidemiological aspects of performing cholecystectomies for presumably benign disease. Method: descriptive, retrospective observational study, based on analysis of medical records of patients undergoing cholecystectomy with preoperative hypothesis of benign disease between January 2018 and January 2022. Results: prevalence of gallbladder adenocarcinoma in our sample was 0.16%, similar to data in the literature. Technical aspects during cholecystectomy were also described with a frequency similar to that found in the literature. Conclusion: despite a rare disease, IGBC is relevant in the routine of the General Surgeon. Its diagnosis, staging and treatment directly affect the prognosis. Technical aspects during cholecystectomy are not always remembered by surgeons and can interfere with the prognosis and subsequent treatment of the patient.
RESUMO Objetivos: determinar a prevalência de câncer incidental de vesícula biliar (CIVB) em colecistectomias realizadas em um hospital público terciário e descrever aspectos técnicos e epidemiológicos na realização de colecistectomias por doença presumidamente benigna. Método: estudo observacional descritivo, retrospectivo, a partir da análise de prontuários de pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia com hipótese pré-operatória de doença benigna entre janeiro de 2018 e janeiro de 2022. Resultados: a prevalência de adenocarcinoma de vesícula biliar na amostra avaliada foi de 0,16%, semelhante aos dados da literatura mundial. Os aspectos técnicos durante a realização da colecistectomia também foram descritos com frequência semelhante ao encontrado na literatura. Conclusão: o CIVB é uma doença rara mas de importância relevante na rotina do Cirurgião Geral. Seu diagnóstico, estadiamento e tratamento implicam diretamente no prognóstico. Aspectos técnicos durante a realização da colecistectomia nem sempre são lembrados pelos cirurgiões e podem interferir no prognóstico e tratamento subsequente do paciente.
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Pathological evaluation of gallbladder neoplasia remains a challenge. A significant proportion of cases presents as clinically and grossly inapparent lesions, and grossing protocols are not well established. Among epithelial alterations, pseudo-pyloric gland metaplasia is ubiquitous and of no apparent consequence, whereas goblet cell metaplasia and a foveolar change in surface cells require closer attention. Low-grade dysplasia is difficult to objectively define and appears to be clinically inconsequential by itself; however, extra sampling is required to exclude the possibility of accompanying more significant lesions. For high-grade dysplasia ('high-grade BilIN', also known as 'carcinoma in situ'), a complete sampling is necessary to rule out invasion. Designating in-situ or minimally invasive carcinomas limited to muscularis or above as early gallbladder carcinoma (EGBC) helps to alleviate the major geographical differences (West/East) in the criteria for 'invasiveness' to assign a case to pTis or pT1. Total sampling is crucial in proper diagnosis of such cases. A subset of invasive GBCs (5-10%) arise from the intracholecystic neoplasm (ICN, 'adenoma-carcinoma sequence') category. Approximately two-thirds of ICNs have invasive carcinoma. However, this propensity differs by subtype. True 'pyloric gland adenomas' (> 1 cm) are uncommon and scarcely associated with invasive carcinoma. A distinct subtype of ICN composed of tubular, non-mucinous MUC6+ glands [intracholecystic tubular non-mucinous neoplasm (ICTN)] forms a localised pedunculated polyp. Although it is morphologically complex and high-grade, it appears to be invasion-resistant. Some of the invasive carcinoma types in the gallbladder have been better characterised recently with adenosquamous, neuroendocrine, poorly cohesive and mucinous carcinomas often being more advanced and aggressive.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Carcinoma/patologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Carcinoma in Situ/diagnóstico , Carcinoma in Situ/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Humanos , Hiperplasia/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia/patologiaRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: los pólipos de vesícula biliar, benignos y malignos, en la mayoría de pacientes tienen un diagnóstico generalmente incidental; a través de estudios de imágenes, que no se pueden distinguir con precisión según su grado de malignidad. Objetivo: determinar los factores de riesgo para la malignidad de los pólipos vesiculares en dos hospitales públicos peruanos. Metodología: estudio de cohorte retrospectiva, de datos secundarios, en colecistectomizados del 2004 al 2012 en un hospital de Lima y otro de Callao. Se definió como pólipo maligno según el tipo histopatológico de adenocarcinoma. Se obtuvieron los riesgos relativos y sus intervalos de confianza del 95 % (IC 95 %). Además, mediante curvas ROC (característica operativa del receptor), se obtuvieron la sensibilidad y especificidad según el tamaño de pólipo. Resultados: de las 368 biopsias, 26 (7 %) fueron adenocarcinomas. La mediana del tamaño de los pólipos fue de 4 mm (rango: 1-65 mm), 176 (51 %) tuvieron múltiples pólipos y 85 (23 %) tuvieron litiasis biliar asociada. En el análisis multivariado, se incrementó el riesgo de malignidad por cada milímetro del tamaño del pólipo en 26 % (IC 95 %:14 %-40 %, valor p < 0,001) y del tamaño de la pared vesicular en 182 % (IC 95 %:46 %-445 %, valor p: 0,002), ajustados por la edad del paciente, la litiasis y el tamaño vesicular. Para un tamaño de 6 mm se tuvo una sensibilidad de 81 % y especificidad del 85 %. Conclusión: se concluye que el tamaño del pólipo y el grosor de la pared vesicular estuvieron asociados con la malignidad de pólipos vesiculares.
Abstract Introduction: In most patients, gallbladder polyps, both benign and malignant, are usually an incidental finding. However, imaging studies cannot accurately establish their degree of malignancy. Objective: To determine the risk factors for gallbladder polyp malignancy in two Peruvian public hospitals. Methodology: Retrospective cohort study conducted on secondary data from patients who underwent cholecystectomy between 2004 and 2012 in Lima and another in Callao, Peru. The malignancy of the polyp was established according to the histopathological type of adenocarcinoma. Relative risks and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were obtained. Moreover, ROC curves were used to determine sensitivity and specificity according to the size of the polyp. Results: Of 368 biopsies, 26 (7%) were adenocarcinomas. The median size of the polyps was 4mm (range: 1-65mm). 176 patients (51%) had multiple polyps, and 85 (23%) had associated gallstones. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of malignancy increased by 26% (95%CI:14-40%, p-value:<0.001) per millimeter of polyp size and by 182% (95%CI:46-445%, p-value=0.002) based on vesicular wall size, adjusted for patient age, lithiasis and vesicular size. For a size of 6mm, sensitivity was 81%, and specificity was 85%. Conclusion: The size of the polyp and the thickness of the vesicular wall are associated with the malignancy of vesicular polyps.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pólipos , Adenocarcinoma , Fatores de Risco , Vesícula Biliar , Hospitais Públicos , NeoplasiasRESUMO
Background: The prevalence of cholelithiasis and gallbladder cancer may be different across ethnic groups. Aim: To study the prevalence of cholelithiasis and gallbladder cancer among Aymara individuals. Material and Methods: An abdominal ultrasound was carried out in a sample of 182 Aymara women aged 46 ± 16 years and 76 Aymara men aged 55 ± 16 years. In addition, the histopathological reports of both patients with a history of previous cholecystectomy and those operated after the study were reviewed. Results: Ultrasound was normal in 150 participants (58%), 76 had cholelithiasis (30%) and 32 (12%) had a history of cholecystectomy. Pathological reports of the excised gallbladder were available for 106 cases and showed a chronic cholecystitis in 98% of cases. Gallbladder cancer was not reported. Conclusions: There is a 42% prevalence of cholelithiasis and no gallbladder cancer in this sample of Aymara population.
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Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Colelitíase , Colecistite , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar , Colecistectomia , Colelitíase/cirurgia , Colelitíase/epidemiologia , Colelitíase/diagnóstico por imagem , Colecistite/cirurgia , Prevalência , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
La adenomiomatosis vesicular es una enfermedad degenerativa adquirida que se caracteriza por proliferación epitelial con hipertrofia de la capa muscular y formación de trayectos fistulosos, conocidos como senos de Rokitansky-Aschoff. La adenomiomatosis se diagnostica principalmente mediante ecografía. No se conocen cabalmente la patogenia, la patología ni las indicaciones para cirugía de esta afección. Es sumamente rara en niños. En este artículo, presentamos el caso de un varón de 17 años con adenomiomatosis vesicular tratado adecuadamente con una colecistectomía laparoscópica
Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder is an acquired, degenerative disease characterized by epithelial proliferation with hypertrophy of the muscularis layer with forming of sinus tracts, termed Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses. Adenomyomatosis is diagnosed mainly by ultrasonography. The pathogenesis, pathology, and indications for surgery in this condition are not well understood. It is an extremely rare condition in children. We present a case of a 17-year boy with adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder successfully managed with laparoscopic cholecystectomy,
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Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adenomioma , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar , Neoplasias da Vesícula BiliarRESUMO
Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder is an acquired, degenerative disease characterized by epithelial proliferation with hypertrophy of the muscularis layer with forming of sinus tracts, termed Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses. Adenomyomatosis is diagnosed mainly by ultrasonography. The pathogenesis, pathology, and indications for surgery in this condition are not well understood. It is an extremely rare condition in children. We present a case of a 17-year boy with adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder successfully managed with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
La adenomiomatosis vesicular es una enfermedad degenerativa adquirida que se caracteriza por proliferación epitelial con hipertrofia de la capa muscular y formación de trayectos fistulosos, conocidos como senos de Rokitansky-Aschoff. La adenomiomatosis se diagnostica principalmente mediante ecografía. No se conocen cabalmente la patogenia, la patología ni las indicaciones para cirugía de esta afección. Es sumamente rara en niños. En este artículo, presentamos el caso de un varón de 17 años con adenomiomatosis vesicular tratado adecuadamente con una colecistectomía laparoscópica.
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Doenças da Vesícula Biliar , Adolescente , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica , Vesícula Biliar/anormalidades , Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Background: Gallbladder cancer is a relevant public health problem in Chile. Aim: To analyze the mortality trend due to gallbladder cancer and hospital discharges due to biliary disease between 2002 and 2014. To analyze the effect on these parameters of the new health system called explicit guaranties in health whose acronym in Spanish is GES. Material and Methods: Mortality and hospital discharge databases available at the website of the Ministry of Health were analyzed. Changes in crude and adjusted rates were evaluated, analyzing data by geographical regions, sex and age. The standardization was carried out using the direct method and using as reference the Chilean population in 2002. The trends were evaluated through the Poisson regression method. Results: There is a 4.5% trend towards a decreasing mortality at a national level, as compared with the figures before GES came into force. Mortality among people aged 35 to 49 decreased by 4% before GES, and by 8% after GES. The trend of hospital discharges varied from −1% before GES, to a 2% increase after GES. Discharges among people aged 35-49 years increased from 0.1% to 2.9%. Conclusions: The discharge rate increase after GES, does not yet show a break in the reduction of mortality at the national level, although it does benefit the group of 35 to 49 years.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Alta do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/mortalidade , Colecistectomia , Chile/epidemiologia , Análise de Regressão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgiaRESUMO
There is consensus that oncologic extended resection should be performed for resectable incidental and nonincidental gallbladder cancer. The safety and feasibility of a minimally invasive approach to oncologic extended resection of gallbladder cancer has been demonstrated and is performed in centers of expertise worldwide. In this article, a systematic approach to the indications and techniques for a minimally invasive approach to extended resection for gallbladder cancer is detailed.
Assuntos
Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/métodos , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prognostic factors following index-cholecystectomy in patients with incidental gallbladder cancer (IGBC) are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the value of the initial cystic duct margin status as a prognosticator factor and to aid in clinical decision making to move forward with curative intent oncologic extended resection (OER). METHODS: This retrospective study included patients with IGBC who underwent subsequent OER with curative intent at 2 centers (USA and Chile) between 1999 and 2016., Patients with and without evidence of residual cancer (RC) at OER were included. Pathologic features were examined, and predictors of overall survival (OS) were analyzed. RESULTS: The study included 179 patients. Thirty-three patients (17%) had a positive cystic duct margin at the index cholecystectomy. Forty-two patients (23%) underwent resection of the common bile duct. OS was significantly worse in the patients with a positive cystic duct margin at index cholecystectomy (OS rates at 5 years, 34% vs 57%; pâ¯=â¯0.032). Following multivariate analysis, only a positive cystic duct margin at index cholecystectomy was predictive of worse OS in patients with no evidence of residual cancer (RC) at OER (hazard ratio, 1.7 95%CI 1.04-2.78; pâ¯=â¯0.034). CONCLUSIONS: A positive cystic duct margin at index-cholecystectomy is a strong independent predictor of worse OS even if no further cancer is found at OER. In patients with positive cystic duct margin and no RC at OER common bile duct resection leads to improved outcomes.
Assuntos
Colecistectomia/métodos , Ducto Cístico/diagnóstico por imagem , Ducto Cístico/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico , Margens de Excisão , Neoplasia Residual/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Chile/epidemiologia , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Feminino , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Humanos , Achados Incidentais , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasia Residual/diagnóstico , Neoplasia Residual/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendências , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo: descrever os achados histológicos das vesículas biliares de pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia e avaliar a presença de fatores associados ao câncer incidental da vesícula. Métodos: estudo descritivo, transversal e observacional de 1.278 exames anatomopatológicos de vesículas biliares oriundas de colecistectomias por colelitíase e de seus respectivos laudos, realizadas no período de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2017. Resultados: o achado anatomopatológico mais frequente foi a colecistite crônica, presente em 1.251 pacientes (97,8%), seguido pela colesterolose em 131 (10,2%). O câncer de vesícula foi identificado em seis pacientes, com prevalência de 0,5% nesta amostra. Houve associação significativa entre a presença de câncer e idade ≥60 anos e com a espessura da parede ≥0,3cm. Conclusão: houve baixa prevalência de câncer de vesícula na população avaliada, maior ocorrência na população idosa e associação de tumor com espessamento da parede vesicular.
ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the histological findings of the gallbladders of patients undergoing cholecystectomy and to evaluate the presence of factors associated with gallbladder incidental cancer. Methods: we conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study with 1,278 histopathological exams of gallbladders coming from cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis and of their reports, held from January 2008 to December 2017. Results: the most common pathological finding was chronic cholecystitis, present in 1,251 patients (97.8%), followed by gallbladder cholesterolosis, in 131 (10.2%). Gallbladder cancer was identified in six patients, with a prevalence of 0.5% in this sample. There was a significant association between the presence of cancer and age ≥60 years and wall thickness ≥0.3cm. Conclusion: there was low prevalence of gallbladder cancer in this population, higher occurrence in the elderly and association of the tumor with gallbladder wall thickness.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Colecistectomia/métodos , Colelitíase/patologia , Colecistite/patologia , Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Colelitíase/cirurgia , Colelitíase/complicações , Colecistite/cirurgia , Colecistite/complicações , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo: analisar, comparativamente, a incidência de câncer incidental de vesícula biliar em colecistectomias de urgência versus colecistectomias eletivas realizadas em hospitais públicos de Teresina-PI. Métodos: estudo observacional descritivo, quantitativo, com delineamento transversal, cujo cenário foram dois hospitais públicos de Teresina-PI. Foram analisados 6.329 prontuários de pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia, entre janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2017. Os dados coletados foram divididos em dois grupos e confrontados estatisticamente através do teste Z para diferença entre proporções. Resultados: detectou-se câncer incidental da vesícula biliar em 6,53% das colecistectomias de urgência e em 0,38% das eletivas. Quanto ao sexo, observou-se que, na cirurgia de urgência, 69% eram mulheres e 31%, homens, enquanto no procedimento eletivo, 78% eram mulheres e 22%, homens. Quanto à idade, a maioria dos pacientes possuía mais de 60 anos e, entre estes, 69,3% submetidos à colecistectomias de urgência e 82,6%, à eletivas. O tipo histopatológico "adenocarcinoma" foi encontrado em 84,6% das cirurgias de urgência e 100% das eletivas. Conclusão: câncer incidental de vesícula biliar foi mais frequente em colecistectomias de urgência em comparação às eletivas. O perfil dos pacientes com essa doença maligna nos dois tipos de procedimento foi do sexo feminino, maiores de 60 anos de idade e com diagnóstico histopatológico de adenocarcinoma.
ABSTRACT Objective: to comparatively analyse the incidence of incidental gallbladder cancer in emergency cholecystectomies versus in elective cholecystectomies performed in public hospitals in Teresina city, Piaui state (PI). Methods: descriptive, quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study, whose scenarios were two public hospitals in Teresina-PI. We analysed 6,329 medical records of patients undergoing cholecystectomy between January 2011 and December 2017. The collected data were divided into two groups and statistically compared using Z-test for difference between proportions. Results: incidental gallbladder cancer was detected in 6.53% of emergency cholecystectomies and in 0.38% of elective ones. Regarding gender, it was observed that in emergency surgeries 69% of patients were women and 31% men, while in elective procedures 78% were women and 22% men. Regarding age, most patients were over 60 years old, and, among these, 69.3% underwent emergency cholecystectomies and 82.6% underwent elective cholecystectomies. The histopathological type "adenocarcinoma" was found in 84.6% of patients who underwent emergency surgeries and in 100% of patients who underwent elective surgeries. Conclusion: incidental gallbladder cancer was more frequent in urgent cholecystectomies compared to elective cholecystectomies. The profile of patients with this malignant disease in both types of procedure was female, older than 60 years, and with histopathological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Colecistite/cirurgia , Achados Incidentais , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico , Colecistectomia/métodos , Adenocarcinoma/complicações , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Colecistite/complicações , Incidência , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/complicações , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Liposarcoma of the gallbladder is an extremely rare sarcoma, with only five cases reported in the literature according to our knowledge. CASE PRESENTATION: A 71-year-old woman was referred to the Surgical Oncology Division of Napoleão Laureano Hospital (João Pessoa, PB, Brazil) due to a solid mass at the right side of the abdomen and fever, with no signs of jaundice. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) evidenced an extensive gallbladder lobular formation adhered to the inferior border of the right hepatic lobe and cholelithiasis. The CT report suggested gallbladder liposarcoma. A cholecystectomy associated with resection of segments IV-B and V of the liver were performed. Intraoperative frozen sections were compatible with gallbladder sarcoma. Anatomopathological examination and immunohistochemistry confirmed dedifferentiated liposarcoma with foci of heterologous leiomyosarcomatous differentiation and undifferentiated fusocellular areas of high histological grade. CONCLUSION: This is the first case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the gallbladder to be reported.