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OBJECTIVE: has been rapid technological advancement in navigation-guided minimally invasive surgery over the past two decades, making these advancements an invaluable aid for surgeons by essentially providing real-time virtual reconstruction of patient anatomy. The objectives of these navigation- and robot-guided procedures are to reduce the likelihood of neural and vascular injury, minimize hospitalization time, decrease bleeding and postoperative pain, shorten healing time, and lower infection rates. METHODS: A unicentric, retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative clinical and radiographic outcomes of the first Latin American patients diagnosed with lumbar degenerative disease who underwent lumbar interbody fusion at the L4-L5 level via prone-position lateral lumbar interbody fusion-single position prone access. RESULTS: A total of 80 patients (40 assisted by fluoroscopy, 40 assisted by robotics) with 320 percutaneous pedicle screws were evaluated. The primary outcomes analyzed and compared were radiation exposure per screw (seconds), skin-to-skin operative time (minutes), and recovery time (days). Secondary outcomes included lumbar pain intensity (visual analog scale), reported functional disability (Oswestry Disability Index), and any potential complications. All secondary outcomes were collected at the postoperative time. CONCLUSION: Comparing minimally invasive spine interventions with free-hand instrumentation and robotic instrumentation, a statistically significant difference was identified in radiation exposure per screw and surgical time. The literature on Cirq Robotic is limited; however, minimally invasive spine surgery with robotic assistance appears advantageous in terms of radiation exposure and surgical time.

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BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive surgical techniques for sacroiliac joint (SIJ) fixation have the potential to reduce risk and improve patient outcomes, but evidence remains limited. This interim analysis presents initial findings from an ongoing prospective study evaluating the safety and efficacy of the Catamaran System. METHODS: The primary endpoint of success at 6 months was defined as a ≥20 mm improvement in SIJ pain (Visual Analog Scale, VAS), no neurologic worsening, absence of device-related serious adverse events (SAEs), and no surgical reintervention. Secondary endpoints included 6 month evaluation of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), patient satisfaction, and 12 month radiographic CT fusion, performed by an indpendent radiologist. RESULTS: Thirty-three consecutive patients (mean age: 58.9 years; %-females: 76%; Body Mass Index: 30.5) were treated across six U.S. clinical sites. At the primary endpoint of 6 months, 80% of patients met the criteria for success, with no device-related SAEs and no surgical reintervention reported. VASSIJ-Pain significantly decreased from preoperative levels (mean: 80.9 mm) to 6 months postoperatively (31.1 mm; p < 0.001). Mean ODI scores also showed a significant improvement from preoperative values (51.9%) to 6 months postoperatively (29.6%, p < 0.01). Patients reported high satisfaction rates throughout all follow-ups, with 93.3% of patients being satisfied at 6 months. CONCLUSION: In patients diagnosed with chronic SIJ pain, minimally invasive inferior-posterior delivery of the Catamaran implant was safe and effective in relieving pain and reducing disability.

Assuntos

Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Articulação Sacroilíaca , Fusão Vertebral , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Satisfação do Paciente , Vigilância de Produtos Comercializados , Estudos Prospectivos , Radiografia , Articulação Sacroilíaca/cirurgia , Articulação Sacroilíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Fusão Vertebral/métodos , Fusão Vertebral/instrumentação , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/instrumentação , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos , Dor Crônica

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Humoral immune response against the pre-fusion (pre-F) conformation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F protein has been proposed to play a protective role against infection. An RSV pre-F maternal vaccine has been recently approved in several countries to protect young infants against RSV. We aimed to assess serum IgG titers against the pre-F and post-F conformations of RSV F protein and their association with life-threatening RSV disease (LTD) in previously healthy infants. METHODS: A prospective cohort study including hospitalized infants <12 months with a first RSV infection was conducted during 2017-2019. Patients with LTD required intensive care and mechanical respiratory assistance. RSV pre-F exclusive and post-F antibody responses were determined by post-F competition and non-competition immunoassays, respectively, and neutralizing activity was measured by plaque reduction neutralization test. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients were included; the median age was 3.5 months and 41 % were females. Fifteen patients developed LTD. RSV F-specific antibody titers positively correlated with neutralizing antibody titers in acute and convalescent phases but, importantly, they did not associate with LTD. Acute RSV pre-F exclusive and post-F IgG titers negatively correlated with patient age (P = 0.0007 and P < 0.0001), while a positive correlation was observed between the fold changes in RSV F-specific antibody titers between convalescent and acute phase and patient age (P = 0.0014 and P < 0.0001). Infants ≤2 months exhibited significantly lower fold-changes in RSV F-specific and neutralizing antibody titers between convalescence and acute phase than older infants. Additionally, acute RSV antibody titers showed no correlation with nasal RSV load and, furthermore, nasal viral load was not associated with the development of LTD. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights that protection against life-threatening RSV disease is not necessarily antibody-dependent. Further characterization of the immune response against RSV and its role in protection against severe disease is important for the development of the safest possible preventive strategies.

Assuntos

Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais , Imunoglobulina G , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano , Proteínas Virais de Fusão , Humanos , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/imunologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Lactente , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Proteínas Virais de Fusão/imunologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano/imunologia , Masculino , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Conformação Proteica , Vacinas contra Vírus Sincicial Respiratório/imunologia , Recém-Nascido

RESUMO

Mitofusins (Mfn1 and Mfn2) are the mitochondrial outer-membrane fusion proteins in mammals and belong to the dynamin superfamily of multidomain GTPases. Recent structural studies of truncated variants lacking alpha helical transmembrane domains suggested that Mfns dimerize to promote the approximation and the fusion of the mitochondrial outer membranes upon the hydrolysis of guanine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt (GTP). However, next to the presence of GTP, the fusion activity seems to require multiple regulatory factors that control the dynamics and kinetics of mitochondrial fusion through the formation of Mfn1-Mfn2 heterodimers. Here, we purified and reconstituted the full-length murine Mfn2 protein into giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) with different lipid compositions. The incubation with GTP resulted in the fusion of Mfn2-GUVs. High-speed video-microscopy showed that the Mfn2-dependent membrane fusion pathway progressed through a zipper mechanism where the formation and growth of an adhesion patch eventually led to the formation of a membrane opening at the rim of the septum. The presence of physiological concentration (up to 30 mol%) of dioleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) was shown to be a requisite to observe GTP-induced Mfn2-dependent fusion. Our observations show that Mfn2 alone can promote the fusion of micron-sized DOPE-enriched vesicles without the requirement of regulatory cofactors, such as membrane curvature, or the assistance of other proteins.

Assuntos

GTP Fosfo-Hidrolases , Fusão de Membrana , Animais , GTP Fosfo-Hidrolases/metabolismo , GTP Fosfo-Hidrolases/genética , Camundongos , Fusão de Membrana/fisiologia , Lipossomas Unilamelares/metabolismo , Lipossomas Unilamelares/química , Guanosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Fosfatidiletanolaminas/metabolismo , Membranas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Proteínas Mitocondriais/genética , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo

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SUMMARY: To measure and study the anatomical morphological data of the lumbar 5 to sacral 1 intervertebral space with the aid of CT and design an anatomical anterior lumbosacral 3D printed integrated interbody fusion for the treatment of degenerative lumbosacral spine diseases. 100 adults (50 of each sex) who underwent CT examination of the lumbar spine in our hospital were selected, and their lumbar 5 to sacral 1 intervertebral space anatomical data were measured, including the anterior lumbar convexity angle, different sagittal and coronal heights, and the sagittal and coronal diameters of the superior and inferior endplates. The measured data were also statistically analyzed, and morphological design and study of the 3D printed integrated fusion device in the anterior lumbosacral spine was performed by applying computer software. When comparing the coronal and sagittal diameters of the superior and inferior endplates from lumbar 5 to sacral 1, the differences were statistically greater in men than in women (P0.001). When comparing the height at different positions in the median sagittal plane, both males and females showed an anterior high and posterior low pattern. In the coronal plane, both males and females showed the highest height in the middle position (P0.001). CT can measure the anatomical data of the lumbosacral spinal hiatus more accurately. The 3D-printed anterior integrated fusion device of the lumbosacral spine designed according to the analysis of the data results is more in line with the anatomical structure of the lumbosacral spine, fits well with the superior and inferior endplates, and effectively restores the height and anterior convexity angle of the lumbosacral space.

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El objetivo de este trabajo fue medir y estudiar los datos morfológicos anatómicos del espacio intervertebral lumbar 5 a sacro 1 con la ayuda de TC y diseñar una fusión intersomática integrada anatómica lumbosacra anterior impresa en 3D para el tratamiento de enfermedades degenerativas de la columna lumbosacra. Se seleccionaron en nuestro hospital 100 adultos (50 de cada sexo) que se sometieron a un examen de TC de la columna lumbar y se midieron los datos anatómicos del espacio intervertebral lumbar 5 al sacro 1, incluyendo el ángulo de la convexidad lumbar anterior, diferentes alturas sagital y coronal, y los diámetros sagital y coronal de las placas terminales superior e inferior. Los datos medidos también se analizaron estadísticamente y se realizó el diseño morfológico y el estudio del dispositivo de fusión integrado impreso en 3D en la columna lumbosacra anterior mediante la aplicación de software informático. Al comparar los diámetros coronal y sagital de las placas terminales superior e inferior desde lumbar 5 hasta sacro 1, las diferencias fueron estadísticamente mayores en hombres que en mujeres (P 0,001). Al comparar la altura en diferentes posiciones en el plano mediano, tanto hombres como mujeres mostraron un patrón anterior alto y posterior bajo. En el plano coronal, tanto hombres como mujeres mostraron la altura más alta en la posición media (P0,001). La TC puede medir los datos anatómicos del hiato espinal lumbosacro con mayor precisión. El dispositivo de fusión anterior integrado impreso en 3D de la columna lumbosacra diseñado de acuerdo con el análisis de los resultados de los datos está más en línea con la estructura anatómica de la columna lumbosacra, se adapta bien a las placas terminales superior e inferior y restaura eficazmente la altura y la parte anterior del ángulo de convexidad del espacio lumbosacro.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Impressão Tridimensional , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Coluna Vertebral , Tomografia Computadorizada Espiral , Vértebras Lombares/anatomia & histologia

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The prone transpsoas technique (PTP) is a modification of the traditional lateral lumbar interbody fusion approach, which was first published in the literature in 2020. The technique provides several advantages, such as lordosis correction and redistribution, single-position surgery framework, and ease of performing posterior techniques when needed. However, the prone position also leads to the movement of some retroperitoneal, vascular, and neurological structures, which could impact the complication profile. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the occurrence of major complications in the practice of early adopters of the PTP approach. METHODS: A questionnaire containing 8 questions was sent to 50 participants and events involving early adopters of the prone transpsoas technique. Of the 50 surgeons, 32 completed the questionnaire, which totaled 1963 cases of PTP surgeries. RESULTS: Nine of the 32 surgeons experienced a major complication (28%), with persistent neurological deficit being the most frequent (7/9). Of the total number of cases, the occurrence of permanent neurological deficits was approximately 0,6%, and the rate of vascular and visceral injuries were both 0,05% (1/1963 for each case). CONCLUSION: Based on the analysis of the questionnaire responses, it can be concluded that PTP is a safe technique with a very low rate of serious complications. However, future studies with a more heterogeneous group of surgeons and a more rigorous linkage between answers and patient data are needed to support the findings of this study.

Assuntos

Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Músculos Psoas , Fusão Vertebral , Humanos , Fusão Vertebral/métodos , Fusão Vertebral/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Decúbito Ventral , Inquéritos e Questionários , Vértebras Lombares/cirurgia , Masculino , Feminino

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm marked by abnormal clonal expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells, displaying karyotypic aberrations and genetic mutations as prognostic indicators. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the European LeukemiaNet guidelines categorize BCR::ABL1 p190+ AML as high risk. This study explored the identification of the increased incidence of BCR::ABL1 p190+ in our AML population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study included 96 AML patients stratified according to WHO guidelines. Subsequently, patients were screened for genetic abnormalities, such as BCR::ABL1 p 190+, PML::RARA, RUNX1::RUNX1T1, and CBFB::MYH11 by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. RESULTS: Among 96 AML patients, 36 displayed BCR::ABL1 p190+, overcoming the expected global incidence. Age variations (19 to 78 years) showed no significant laboratory differences between BCR::ABL1 p190+ and non-BCR::ABL p190+ cases. The overall survival analysis revealed no statistically significant differences among the patients (p=0.786). CONCLUSION: The analyzed population presented a higher frequency of BCR::ABL1 p190+ detection in adult AML patients when compared to what is described in the worldwide literature. Therefore, more studies are needed to establish the reason why this incidence is higher and what the best treatment approach should be in these cases.

Assuntos

Proteínas de Fusão bcr-abl , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Humanos , Adulto , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidade , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Proteínas de Fusão bcr-abl/genética , Idoso , Prognóstico , Adulto Jovem , Mutação

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Murine models lacking CLOCK/BMAL1 proteins in skeletal muscle (SkM) present muscle deterioration and mitochondria abnormalities. It is unclear whether humans with lower levels of these proteins in the SkM have similar alterations. Here we evaluated the association between BMAL1 and CLOCK protein mass with mitochondrial dynamics parameters and molecular and functional SkM quality markers in males. SkM biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis of 16 male (non-athletes, non-obese and non-diabetic) subjects (8-9 a.m.). The morphology of mitochondria and their interaction with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (mitochondria-SR) were determined using transmission electron microscopy images. Additionally, protein abundance of the OXPHOS complex, mitochondria fusion/fission regulators, mitophagy and signalling proteins related to muscle protein synthesis were measured. To evaluate the quality of SkM, the cross-sectional area and maximal SkM strength were also measured. The results showed that BMAL1 protein mass was positively associated with mitochondria-SR distance, mitochondria size, mitochondria cristae density and mTOR protein mass. On the other hand, CLOCK protein mass was negatively associated with mitochondria-SR interaction, but positively associated with mitochondria complex III, OPA1 and DRP1 protein mass. Furthermore, CLOCK protein mass was positively associated with the protein synthesis signalling pathway (total mTOR, AKT and P70S6K protein mass) and SkM strength. These findings suggest that the BMAL1 and CLOCK proteins play different roles in regulating mitochondrial dynamics and SkM function in males, and that modulation of these proteins could be a potential therapeutic target for treating muscle diseases. KEY POINTS: In murine models, reductions in BMAL1 and CLOCK proteins lead to changes in mitochondria biology and a decline in muscle function. However, this association has not been explored in humans. We found that in human skeletal muscle, a decrease in BMAL1 protein mass is linked to smaller intermyofibrillar mitochondria, lower mitochondria cristae density, higher interaction between mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum, and reduced mTOR protein mass. Additionally, we found that a decrease in CLOCK protein mass is associated with a higher interaction between mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum, lower protein mass of OPA1 and DRP1, which regulates mitochondria fusion and fission, lower protein synthesis signalling pathway (mTOR, AKT and P70S6K protein mass), and decreased skeletal muscle strength. According to our findings in humans, which are supported by previous studies in animals, the mitochondrial dynamics and skeletal muscle function could be regulated differently by BMAL1 and CLOCK proteins. As a result, targeting the modulation of these proteins could be a potential therapeutic approach for treating muscle diseases and metabolic disorders related to muscle.

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The growing use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) raises the need to improve their autonomous navigation capabilities. Visual odometry allows for dispensing positioning systems, such as GPS, especially on indoor flights. This paper reports an effort toward UAV autonomous navigation by proposing a translational velocity observer based on inertial and visual measurements for a quadrotor. The proposed observer complementarily fuses available measurements from different domains and is synthesized following the Immersion and Invariance observer design technique. A formal Lyapunov-based observer error convergence to zero is provided. The proposed observer algorithm is evaluated using numerical simulations in the Parrot Mambo Minidrone App from Simulink-Matlab.

RESUMO

Artisanal cheeses are part of the heritage and identity of different countries or regions. In this work, we investigated the spectral variability of a wide range of traditional Brazilian cheeses and compared the performance of different spectrometers to discriminate cheese types and predict compositional parameters. Spectra in the visible (vis) and near infrared (NIR) region were collected, using imaging (vis/NIR-HSI and NIR-HSI) and conventional (NIRS) spectrometers, and it was determined the chemical composition of seven types of cheeses produced in Brazil. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that spectral variability in the vis/NIR spectrum is related to differences in color (yellowness index) and fat content, while in NIR there is a greater influence of productive steps and fat content. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) models based on spectral information showed greater accuracy than the model based on chemical composition to discriminate types of traditional Brazilian cheeses. Partial least squares (PLS) regression models based on vis/NIR-HSI, NIRS, NIR-HSI data and HSI spectroscopic data fusion (vis/NIR + NIR) demonstrated excellent performance to predict moisture content (RPD > 2.5), good ability to predict fat content (2.0 < RPD < 2.5) and can be used to discriminate between high and low protein values (∼1.5 < RPD < 2.0). The results obtained for imaging and conventional equipment are comparable and sufficiently accurate, so that both can be adapted to predict the chemical composition of the Brazilian traditional cheeses used in this study according to the needs of the industry.

Assuntos

Queijo , Imageamento Hiperespectral , Análise de Componente Principal , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho , Queijo/análise , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho/métodos , Imageamento Hiperespectral/métodos , Brasil , Análise Discriminante , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Cor

RESUMO

While droughts predominantly induce immediate reductions in plant carbon uptake, they can also exert long-lasting effects on carbon fluxes through associated changes in leaf area, soil carbon, etc. Among other mechanisms, shifts in carbon allocation due to water stress can contribute to the legacy effects of drought on carbon fluxes. However, the magnitude and impact of these allocation shifts on carbon fluxes and pools remain poorly understood. Using data from a wet tropical flux tower site in French Guiana, we demonstrate that drought-induced carbon allocation shifts can be reliably inferred by assimilating Net Biosphere Exchange (NBE) and other observations within the CARbon DAta MOdel fraMework. This model-data fusion system allows inference of optimized carbon and water cycle parameters and states from multiple observational data streams. We then examined how these inferred shifts affected the duration and magnitude of drought's impact on NBE during and after the extreme event. Compared to a static allocation scheme analogous to those typically implemented in land surface models, dynamic allocation reduced average carbon uptake during drought recovery by a factor of 2.8. Additionally, the dynamic model extended the average recovery time by 5 months. The inferred allocation shifts influenced the post-drought period by altering foliage and fine root pools, which in turn modulated gross primary productivity and heterotrophic respiration for up to a decade. These changes can create a bust-boom cycle where carbon uptake is enhanced some years after a drought, compared to what would have occurred under drought-free conditions. Overall, allocation shifts accounted for 65% [45%-75%] of drought legacy effects in modeled NBE. In summary, drought-induced carbon allocation shifts can play a substantial role in the enduring influence of drought on cumulative land-atmosphere CO2 exchanges and should be accounted for in ecosystem models.

Assuntos

Ciclo do Carbono , Secas , Clima Tropical , Guiana Francesa , Florestas , Carbono/metabolismo , Modelos Teóricos

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Nuclear fusion is a potential source of energy that could supply the growing needs of the world population for millions of years. Several experimental thermonuclear fusion devices try to understand and control the nuclear fusion process. A very interesting diagnostic called Thomson scattering (TS) is performed in the Spanish fusion device TJ-II. This diagnostic takes images to measure the temperature and density profiles of the plasma, which is heated to very high temperatures to produce fusion plasma. Each image captures spectra of laser light scattered by the plasma under different conditions. Unfortunately, some images are corrupted by noise called stray light that affects the measurement of the profiles. In this work, we propose the use of deep learning models to reduce the stray light that appears in the diagnostic. The proposed approach utilizes a Pix2Pix neural network, which is an image-to-image translation based on a generative adversarial network (GAN). This network learns to translateimages affected by stray light to images without stray light. This allows for the effective removal of the noise that affects the measurements of the TS diagnostic, avoiding the need for manual image processing adjustments. The proposed method shows a better performance, reducing the noise up to 98% inimages, which surpassesprevious works that obtained 85% for the validation dataset.

RESUMO

The accumulation of proline in response to the most diverse types of stress is a widespread defense mechanism. In prokaryotes, fungi, and certain unicellular eukaryotes (green algae), the first two reactions of proline biosynthesis occur through two distinct enzymes, γ-glutamyl kinase (GK E.C. 2.7.2.11) and γ-glutamyl phosphate reductase (GPR E.C. 1.2.1.41), encoded by two different genes, ProB and ProA, respectively. Plants, animals, and a few unicellular eukaryotes carry out these reactions through a single bifunctional enzyme, the Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), which has the GK and GPR domains fused. To better understand the origin and diversification of the P5CS gene, we use a robust phylogenetic approach with a broad sampling of the P5CS, ProB and ProA genes, including species from all three domains of life. Our results suggest that the collected P5CS genes have arisen from a single fusion event between the ProA and ProB gene paralogs. A peculiar fusion event occurred in an ancestral eukaryotic lineage and was spread to other lineages through horizontal gene transfer. As for the diversification of this gene family, the phylogeny of the P5CS gene in plants shows that there have been multiple independent processes of duplication and loss of this gene, with the duplications being related to old polyploidy events.

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BACKGROUND: Metabolomics plays a critical role in deciphering metabolic alterations within individuals, demanding the use of sophisticated analytical methodologies to navigate its intricate complexity. While many studies focus on single biofluid types, simultaneous analysis of multiple matrices enhances understanding of complex biological mechanisms. Consequently, the development of data fusion methods enabling multiblock analysis becomes essential for comprehensive insights into metabolic dynamics. RESULTS: This study introduces a novel guideline for jointly analyzing diverse metabolomic datasets (serum, urine, metadata) with a focus on metabolic differences between groups within a healthy cohort. The guideline presents two fusion strategies, 'Low-Level data fusion' (LLDF) and 'Mid-Level data fusion' (MLDF), employing a sequential application of Multivariate Curve Resolution with Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS), linking the outcomes of successive analyses. MCR-ALS is a versatile method for analyzing mixed data, adaptable at various stages of data processing-encompassing resonance integration, data compression, and exploratory analysis. The LLDF and MLDF strategies were applied to 1H NMR spectral data extracted from urine and serum samples, coupled with biochemical metadata sourced from 145 healthy volunteers. SIGNIFICANCE: Both methodologies effectively integrated and analysed multiblock datasets, unveiling the inherent data structure and variables associated with discernible factors among healthy cohorts. While both approaches successfully detected sex-related differences, the MLDF strategy uniquely revealed components linked to age. By applying this analysis, we aim to enhance the interpretation of intricate biological mechanisms and uncover variations that may not be easily discernible through individual data analysis.

Assuntos

Metabolômica , Humanos , Metabolômica/métodos , Masculino , Feminino , Análise Multivariada , Voluntários Saudáveis , Adulto , Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância Magnética , Estudos de Coortes , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Adulto Jovem

RESUMO

Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the leading causes of disease development. Dysfunctional mitochondria limit energy production, increase reactive oxygen species generation, and trigger apoptotic signals. Photobiomodulation is a noninvasive, nonthermal technique involving the application of monochromatic light with low energy density, inducing non-thermal photochemical effects at the cellular level, and it has been used due to its therapeutic potential. This review focuses on the mitochondrial dynamic's role in various diseases, evaluating the possible therapeutic role of low-power lasers (LPL) and light-emitting diodes (LED). Studies increasingly support that mitochondrial dysfunction is correlated with severe neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth diseases. Furthermore, a disturbance in mitofusin activity is also associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The effects of PBM on mitochondrial dynamics have been observed in cells using a human fibroblast cell line and in vivo models of brain injury, diabetes, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, and skin injury. Thus, new therapies aiming to improve mitochondrial dynamics are clinically relevant. Several studies have demonstrated that LPL and LED can be important therapies to improve health conditions when there is dysfunction in mitochondrial dynamics.

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SUMMARY: Traumatic ankle osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition resulting from traumatic injuries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of minimally invasive ankle joint fusion surgery on ankle function, oxidative damage, and inflammatory factor levels in traumatic ankle osteoarthritis patients. A total of 112 traumatic ankle osteoarthritis patients treated in our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were enrolled. They were randomly rolled into a control group (Group C) and an experimental group (Group E), with the former undergoing conventional open ankle joint fusion surgery and the latter receiving minimally invasive ankle joint fusion surgery. A comparison was made between the two groups based on American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), bony fusion rates, and visual analog scale (VAS) scores at pre-operation, and at 1, 2, and 3 months post-operation. Additionally, serum oxidative damage indicators and inflammatory factor levels were measured to evaluate the recovery effects in both groups. Relative to Group C, Group E showed drastically increased AOFAS scores and bony fusion rates (P<0.05), as well as greatly decreased VAS scores (P<0.05). Moreover, Group E exhibited more pronounced improvements in oxidative damage indicators and inflammatory factors versus Group C (P<0.05). Minimally invasive ankle joint fusion surgery drastically improves ankle function in traumatic ankle osteoarthritis patients and reduces levels of oxidative damage and inflammatory response. This provides an important clinical treatment option.

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La osteoartritis traumática del tobillo es una afección degenerativa resultante de lesiones traumáticas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva de fusión de la articulación talocrural sobre la función del tobillo, el daño oxidativo y los niveles de factor inflamatorio en pacientes con osteoartritis traumática del tobillo. Se inscribieron un total de 112 pacientes con artrosis traumática de tobillo tratados en nuestro hospital desde enero de 2022 hasta enero de 2023. Fueron divididos aleatoriamente en un grupo de control (Grupo C) y un grupo experimental (Grupo E), donde el primero se sometió a una cirugía de fusión de la articulación talocrural abierta convencional y el segundo recibió una cirugía de fusión de la articulación talocrural mínimamente invasiva. Se realizó una comparación entre los dos grupos según la Sociedad Estadounidense de Ortopedia de Pie y Tobillo (AOFAS), las tasas de fusión ósea y las puntuaciones de la escala visual analógica (EVA) antes de la operación y 1, 2 y 3 meses después de la operación. Además, se midieron los indicadores de daño oxidativo sérico y los niveles de factor inflamatorio para evaluar los efectos de la recuperación en ambos grupos. En relación con el grupo C, el grupo E mostró puntuaciones AOFAS y tasas de fusión ósea drásticamente aumentadas (P <0,05), así como puntuaciones VAS muy disminuidas (P <0,05). Además, el grupo E exhibió mejoras más pronunciadas en los indicadores de daño oxidativo y factores inflamatorios en comparación con el grupo C (P <0,05). La cirugía de fusión de la articulación talocrural mínimamente invasiva mejora drásticamente la función del tobillo en pacientes con osteoartritis traumática del tobillo y reduce los niveles de daño oxidativo y la respuesta inflamatoria. Esto proporciona una importante opción de tratamiento clínico.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Osteoartrite/cirurgia , Artrodese/métodos , Traumatismos do Tornozelo/cirurgia , Osteoartrite/etiologia , Traumatismos do Tornozelo/complicações , Estresse Oxidativo , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Inflamação , Tornozelo/fisiopatologia , Articulação do Tornozelo/cirurgia

RESUMO

The surgical approach to the lumbosacral spine has been the subject of experimental and scientific anatomical studies since the Hippocratic era. However, it was in the 20th century that, with the evolution of asepsis and antibiotic therapy, spine surgery began to evolve at breakneck speed, and the various possibilities of access roads became objects of development and discussion. As a result, pathologies of the lumbosacral spine can be accessed in different ways and positions, from the traditional posterior approach in the prone position to the anterior, oblique, lateral, and endoscopic approaches. The current article brings state-of-the-art access routes to the lumbosacral spine. This article objective is to elucidate the possibilities of accesses the lumbar spine for any purposes, as decompression, fusion, tumour resections, reconstruction or deformity correction, despites type of implants or implants positioning.

RESUMO

Data collection, curation, and cleaning constitute a crucial phase in Machine Learning (ML) projects. In biomedical ML, it is often desirable to leverage multiple datasets to increase sample size and diversity, but this poses unique challenges, which arise from heterogeneity in study design, data descriptors, file system organization, and metadata. In this study, we present an approach to the integration of multiple brain MRI datasets with a focus on homogenization of their organization and preprocessing for ML. We use our own fusion example (approximately 84,000 images from 54,000 subjects, 12 studies, and 88 individual scanners) to illustrate and discuss the issues faced by study fusion efforts, and we examine key decisions necessary during dataset homogenization, presenting in detail a database structure flexible enough to accommodate multiple observational MRI datasets. We believe our approach can provide a basis for future similarly-minded biomedical ML projects.

RESUMO

The unprecedented global impact caused by SARS-CoV-2 imposed huge health and economic challenges, highlighting the urgent need for safe and effective vaccines. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 is the major target for neutralizing antibodies and for vaccine formulations. Nonetheless, the low immunogenicity of the RBD requires the use of alternative strategies to enhance its immunological properties. Here, we evaluated the use of a subunit vaccine antigen generated after the genetic fusing of the RBD with a mouse IgG antibody. Subcutaneous administration of RBD-IgG led to the extended presence of the protein in the blood of immunized animals and enhanced RBD-specific IgG titers. Furthermore, RBD-IgG immunized mice elicited increased virus neutralizing antibody titers, measured both with pseudoviruses and with live original (Wuhan) SARS-CoV-2. Immunized K18-hACE2 mice were fully resistant to the lethal challenge of the Wuhan SARS-CoV-2, demonstrated by the control of body-weight loss and virus loads in their lungs and brains. Thus, we conclude that the genetic fusion of the RBD with an IgG molecule enhanced the immunogenicity of the antigen and the generation of virus-neutralizing antibodies, supporting the use of IgG chimeric antigens as an approach to improve the performance of SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccines.

RESUMO

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) radars attain high resolution without compromising privacy while being unaffected by environmental factors such as rain, dust, and fog. This study explores the challenges of using mmWave radars for the simultaneous detection of people and small animals, a critical concern in applications like indoor wireless energy transfer systems. This work proposes innovative methodologies for enhancing detection accuracy and overcoming the inherent difficulties posed by differences in target size and volume. In particular, we explore two distinct positioning scenarios that involve up to four mmWave radars in an indoor environment to detect and track both humans and small animals. We compare the outcomes achieved through the implementation of three distinct data-fusion methods. It was shown that using a single radar without the application of a tracking algorithm resulted in a sensitivity of 46.1%. However, this sensitivity significantly increased to 97.10% upon utilizing four radars using with the optimal fusion method and tracking. This improvement highlights the effectiveness of employing multiple radars together with data fusion techniques, significantly enhancing sensitivity and reliability in target detection.

Assuntos

Algoritmos , Privacidade , Animais , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Transferência de Energia , Radar