RESUMO
This study aimed to assess whether the blood glucose levels influence cardiac autonomic modulation under fasting and after carbohydrate overload conditions. Participants (n = 108) were separated into lower blood glucose and higher blood glucose groups, based on the median (90.5 mg·dL-1) of fasting glucose assessed. The SD2, SDNN, LF indices, and LF/HF increased, and HF decreased after dextrose overload compared with fasting (p < 0.05). Body mass (78.9 vs 69.7 kg), abdominal circumference (90.2 vs 82.2 cm), systolic (113 vs 108 mm Hg) and diastolic (72 vs 67 mm Hg) blood pressure were higher (p < 0.05) in the higher blood glucose group. Heart rate variability (HRV) indices (SD1: 21.0 vs 26.5; SD2: 76.8: vs 86.1; RMSSD: 28.7 vs 37.5; SDNN: 56.1 vs 62.5 ms; pNN50: 10.6 vs 18.9%, HF: 328.4 vs 506.0; LF: 982.8 vs 1259.0 ms2), and the area under the curve of these indices after dextrose overload were lower in the higher blood glucose group (p < 0.05). Additionally, glycemia after dextrose overload was correlated with HRV indices (ρ = -0.216 to -0.273, p < 0.05). Individuals with higher blood glucose, even in the normality range, showed impairment in the cardiac autonomic modulation both at fasting and after carbohydrate overload. Novelty: Higher fasting blood glucose impairs cardiac autonomic modulation. Carbohydrate overload impairs cardiac autonomic modulation.
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Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Glicemia , Carboidratos da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Coração/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea , Carboidratos da Dieta/efeitos adversos , Jejum , Feminino , Coração/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Chronic nicotine exposure may increase cardiovascular risk by impairing the cardiac autonomic function. Besides, physical exercise (PE) has shown to improve cardiovascular health. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of PE on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), heart rate variability (HRV), and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in chronically nicotine-exposed rats. Male Wistar rats were assigned to four independent groups: Control (treated with saline solution), Control+Ex (treated with saline and submitted to treadmill training), Nicotine (treated with Nicotine), and Nicotine+Ex (treated with nicotine and submitted to treadmill training). Nicotine (1 mg·kg-1) was administered daily for 28 consecutive days. PE consisted of running exercise (60%-70% of maximal aerobic capacity) for 45 min, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks. At the end of the protocol, cardiac BRS, HRV, renal SNA (rSNA), and renal BRS were assessed. Nicotine treatment decreased absolute values of HRV indexes, increased low frequency/high frequency ratio of HRV, reduced the bradycardic and sympatho-inhibitory baroreceptor reflex responses, and reduced the rSNA. PE effectively restored time-domain HRV indexes, the bradycardic and sympatho-inhibitory reflex responses, and the rSNA in chronic nicotine-treated rats. PE was effective in preventing the deterioration of time-domain parameters of HRV, arterial baroreceptor dysfunction, and the rSNA after nicotine treatment.
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Barorreflexo , Animais , Frequência Cardíaca , Nicotina , RatosRESUMO
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of ingesting isoflavones associated with combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on heart rate variability (HRV) indices in postmenopausal women. Twenty-eight healthy postmenopausal women performed 10 weeks of combined exercise training associated with isoflavone (n = 16) or placebo (n = 12) supplementation. The RR intervals (RRi) were collected for 20 min using a heart rate monitor. Analysis of HRV was performed in time (mean squared difference of successive RRi (RMSSD), standard deviation of all normal RRi (SDNN), and percentage of adjacent RRi differing by more than 50 ms (pNN50)), frequency (low-frequency percentage (LF%), high-frequency percentage (HF%), and low-/high-frequency ratio (LF/HF)), and nonlinear domains (standard deviation of the instantaneous variability of the beat-to-beat interval (SD1), long-term variability of the continuous RRi (SD2), and their ratio (SD2/SD1)). Student's t test did not show differences between groups in any general baseline characteristic variables. The results of the generalized estimating equation tests did not demonstrate interaction or group effects for any HRV indices. However, the results reported time effects for mean RR (p < 0.001), RMSSD (p = 0.044), and SD1 (p = 0.044), with increases in these indices in response to exercise training. There were no time effects for LF%, HF%, LF/HF, SDNN, pNN50, SD2, or SD2/SD1. In conclusion, isoflavone supplementation did not promote additional effects on HRV indices of postmenopausal women subjected to 10 weeks of combined exercise training. Novelty Combined training improves heart rate variability in postmenopausal women. Isoflavone supplementation did not promote additional effects on heart rate variability in postmenopausal women.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Isoflavonas/farmacologia , Idoso , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pós-MenopausaRESUMO
The purpose of present study was to compare the effects of moderate-load versus high-load resistance exercise (RE) on hunger response, blood lactate, glucose, and autonomic modulation in trained men, and to examine the correlations between these parameters. For this, 11 recreationally resistance-trained males performed 2 randomized trials: moderate-load (6 sets at 70% 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and a 90-s rest interval between sets) and high-load (6 sets at 90% 1RM and a 180-s rest interval between sets) leg-press exercise until movement failure. The subjective rating of hunger was obtained through a visual analog scale. Glucose and lactate concentration were evaluated at rest, immediately after exercise, and 30 min after exercise. Heart rate variability was recorded at baseline and during recovery (until 30 min after exercise) to assess autonomic modulation. The moderate-load condition induced lower subjective hunger ratings than the strength condition immediately after exercise (19.7 ± 16.6 vs 47.3 ± 27.7 mm), 30 min after exercise (33.6 ± 22.9 vs 58.5 ± 29.9 mm), and 60 min after exercise (43.8 ± 26.6 vs 67.8 ± 27.9 mm) (p < 0.05) and lower area under the curve hunger in relation to the high-load condition (p < 0.006). Moderate-load RE presented greater lactate concentration and induced slower heart rate variability recovery in relation to high-load RE (p < 0.05), but no difference was found in glucose, as well as no correlations between any of the variables investigated. In conclusion, moderate-load RE induced lower subjective hunger ratings, slower recovery of the parasympathetic nervous system, and higher lactate concentration in relation to high-load RE, but the metabolic variables were not correlated with hunger suppression.
Assuntos
Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Fome , Adulto , Composição Corporal , Estudos Cross-Over , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Masculino , Sistema Nervoso Parassimpático/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Several studies have reported that high doses of synthetic anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) can have serious negative effects on health, including the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of AAS and exercise training on ventricular repolarization and cardiac autonomic modulation in rats. Male Wistar rats were allocated into 4 groups: sedentary rats treated with vehicle, sedentary rats treated with nandrolone decanoate, swimming-trained rats treated with vehicle, and swimming-trained rats treated with nandrolone decanoate. Ventricular repolarization was evaluated by electrocardiographic analysis of QT interval and QT dispersion. Cardiac autonomic modulation was assessed by heart rate variability. Our results show that AAS increased QT interval and QT dispersion in sedentary rats treated with nandrolone decanoate as compared to sedentary rats treated with vehicle, indicating AAS-induced ventricular repolarization abnormalities. When rats treated with nandrolone decanoate were subjected to concomitant exercise training, ventricular repolarization was normalized. On the other hand, AAS-induced reduction in cardiac parasympathetic modulation was not prevented by exercise training. In conclusion, AAS produced cardiac autonomic dysfunction and ventricular repolarization disturbances in rats. Combining an exercise training protocol during the AAS treatment attenuated the ventricular repolarization abnormalities and did not prevent cardiac autonomic dysfunction.
Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Ventrículos do Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Coração/inervação , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Congêneres da Testosterona/farmacologia , Tecido Adiposo/citologia , Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Coração/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Tamanho do Órgão/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Função Ventricular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Imbalance in ventricular repolarization parameters are related to increased risk of severe arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. There is limited research regarding markers to detect patients at risk in this early stage. We aimed to assess the influence of grade I left ventricular diastolic dysfunction on repolarization parameters in asymptomatic patients. Ambulatory patients with grade I left ventricular diastolic dysfunction were studied and compared with a control group. We assessed the QT dispersion circadian variation, heart rate variability in the time and frequency domains, and dynamics of QT using a 12-lead Holter. In the diastolic dysfunction group, 8 (30%) patients had QT dispersion > 80 ms. One (3.8%) patient presented premature ventricular complex > 10/h. The comparison between the 2 groups showed that the difference between the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals and low frequency power in both groups was statistically significant. We therefore conclude that increased parameters of ventricular repolarization and depressed heart rate variability reflect an imbalance in autonomic responses in patients with grade I left ventricular diastolic dysfunction without cardiovascular symptoms, enabling the identification of patients that are at a higher risk for cardiovascular events.
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Diástole/fisiologia , Ventrículos do Coração/patologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The current study investigated whether a single bout of concurrent exercise (Ex Rx) at Third Age Academies (TAAs) in Rio de Janeiro City meets the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines for energy cost and metabolic intensity in older adults. Nine subjects (5 males and 4 females, 63-80 years of age) visited the laboratory for clinical screening and for anthropometrical, resting, and maximal oxygen uptake assessments. Thereafter, subjects performed an Ex Rx circuit consisting of a single circuit alternating aerobic and resistance exercises with outdoor exercise equipment using body mass as the load (total of 9 exercises, 1-2 sets of 15 repetitions). Expired gases were collected via a metabolic cart during exercise bouts. The mean observed energy cost value of 169.1 kcal was slightly greater than the minimum value of 150 kcal reported in the ACSM guidelines (p = 0.018). Like energy cost, all the intensity markers adopted to analyze the physiological strain induced by the Ex Rx circuit significantly exceeded their reference values for moderate intensity (reference values: 3.2 METs (mean observed value = 4.6 METs, p = 0.002); 40% of oxygen uptake reserve (mean observed value = 51.5%, p = 0.040); 40% of heart rate reserve (mean observed value = 64.1%, p < 0.001)), according to the ACSM guidelines. In conclusion, a single bout of Ex Rx circuit performed at TAAs in Rio de Janeiro City was able to induce a physiological strain (i.e., energy cost and intensity) compatible with ACSM recommendations for eliciting health benefits among older adults.
Assuntos
Exercícios em Circuitos , Metabolismo Energético , Academias de Ginástica , Medicina Esportiva/normas , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil , Feminino , Guias como Assunto , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Consumo de OxigênioRESUMO
Introdução: a esclerose múltipla é uma doença que afeta preferencialmente o sistema nervoso central de mulheres jovens, causandolhes graus variáveis de incapacidades física e cognitiva. Etiologicamente associa fatores ambientais, biológicos, sócio-econômicos e genéticos, como por exemplo genes do MHC classe II, especialmente os alelos HLA-DRB1*. Objetivo: determinar a frequência dos alelos HLA DRB1* em portadores de esclerose múltipla atendidos no centro de referência do C.H.U.P.E.S, UFBA, no período de outubro de 2014 a abril de 2015 e associá-las a variáveis clínico-demográficas. Metodologia: estudo do tipo caso-controle, aprovado pelo comitê de ética da Faculdade de medicina da Universidade Federal da Bahia (CAAE: 3517134.0.0000.5577), que envolveu uma amostra de conveniência composta por 97 indivíduos, cujos dados clínico-demográficos foram coletados através de questionário desenvolvido para a pesquisa. A genotipagem dos alelos HLA-DRB1* foi realizada através da técnica HLA-DR SSO GenotypingTest. Resultados: a análise quantitativa revelou perfil genotípico do tipo HLA-DRB1*15 (20,5%), em mulheres (83,0%), das raças/etnias negra ou parda (75,0%), com faixa etária entre 30 e 39 anos (28,0%). Houve predomínio da forma clínica surtoremissiva da doença (76,0%), dentre os doentes com idade mais avançada (55,0%), sem permanência de sequela clínica (70,0%) e que usavam algum tipo de Interferon (58,0%). A análise qualitativa indicou maiores frequências, na forma progressiva de esclerose múltipla dos grupos alélicos HLA-DRB1*12 (22,0%), e dos alelos HLA-DRB1*13 (12,6%)e HLA-DRB1*15 (22,0%) naqueles indivíduos com a forma surtoremissiva. Negros e pardos demonstraram maior prevalência do alelo HLA-DRB1*15 (24,0%), enquanto que nos brancos houve maior prevalência do alelo HLA-DRB1*07 (20,0%). Conclusão: forte associação entre as frequências alélicas, esclerose múltipla e as variáveis raça/etnia e forma clínica da doença.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Alelos , Cadeias HLA-DRB1/genética , Esclerose Múltipla/genética , Estudos de Casos e ControlesRESUMO
Angiotensin-(1-7) counterbalances angiotensin II cardiovascular effects. However, it has yet to be determined how cardiovascular autonomic modulation may be affected by chronic and acute elevation of Ang-(1-7). Hemodynamics and cardiovascular autonomic profile were evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and transgenic rats (TGR) overexpressing Ang-(1-7) [TGR(A1-7)3292]. Blood pressure (BP) was directly measured while cardiovascular autonomic modulation was evaluated by spectral analysis. TGR received A-779 or vehicle and SD rats received Ang-(1-7) or vehicle and were monitored for 5 h after i.v. administration. In another set of experiments with TGR, A-779 was infused for 7 days using osmotic mini pumps. Although at baseline no differences were observed, acute administration of A-779 in TGR produced a marked long-lasting increase in BP accompanied by increased BP variability (BPV) and sympathetic modulation to the vessels. Likewise, chronic administration of A-779 with osmotic mini pumps in TGR increased heart rate, sympathovagal balance, BPV, and sympathetic modulation to the vessels. Administration of Ang-(1-7) to SD rats increased heart rate variability values in 88% accompanied by 8% of vagal modulation increase and 18% of mean BP reduction. These results show that both acute and chronic alteration in the Ang-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis may lead to important changes in the autonomic control of circulation, impacting either sympathetic and (or) parasympathetic systems.
Assuntos
Angiotensina I/biossíntese , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Coração/inervação , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/biossíntese , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismo , Animais , Expressão Gênica , Hemodinâmica , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ratos TransgênicosRESUMO
As pesquisas clínicas na área da implantodontia apresentam uma grande dificuldade em relação à avaliação da osseointegração e estabilidade dos implantes. Dessa forma, a análise de frequência de ressonância (AFR) têm se tornado uma das principais ferramentas utilizadas, já que oferece, de forma simples e não invasiva, a possibilidade de se monitorar a estabilidade durante todo o período desejado. Outra medida também bastante usada na prática clínica é o torque de inserção dos implantes. No entanto, essa medida é limitada ao trans-cirúrgico e nos fornece unicamente a estabilidade primária dos implantes, o que a torna mais indicada para avaliação da possibilidade de se submeter à carga imediata. Este estudo apresenta como objetivos avaliar, por meio de um estudo transversal, se os valores do coeficiente de estabilidade do implante (ISQ) são similares em diferentes alturas do componente protético e diretamente na plataforma, quando mensurados por meio da AFR e avaliar por meio de uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise a relação entre o torque de inserção e a AFR, investigando se estes dois instrumentos fornecem avaliações similares da estabilidade primária de em um mesmo implante. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo transversal em 31 implantes osseointegrados com plataforma de hexágono externo, com 4.1 mm de diâmetro e comprimento maior ou igual a 10mm e uma revisão sistemática com ensaios clínicos que reportassem valores de ISQ e torque de inserção. Assim, nossos estudos recomendam que explorar e desenvolver a AFR como método de avaliação da estabilidade implantar deve ser uma busca ainda necessária das pesquisas científicas para melhor compreensão do comportamento dos implantes dentários, nos seus diversos momentos e situações na cavidade oral, bem como determinar um bom nível de estabilidade que consequentemente determinaria uma maior longevidade e funcionalidade dos implantes dentários
Clinical research in the implantology presents a great difficulty regarding the evaluation of the osseointegration and stability of the implants. Thus, resonance frequency analysis (RFA) has become one of the main tools used, since it offers, in a simple and non-invasive way, the possibility of monitoring the stabiblity during the desired period. Another measure also widely used in clinical practice is the insertion torque of the implants. However, this measureis limited to the transsurgical and provides only the primary stability of the implants, which makes it more suitable for evaluation the possibility of undergoing immediate loading. This study aims to evaluate, through a cross-sectional study, whether implant stability coefficient (ISQ) values are similar at different heights...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Implantação Dentária Endóssea/estatística & dados numéricos , Implantes Dentários/tendências , Análise de Frequência de Ressonância/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais/estatística & dados numéricos , Retenção em Prótese Dentária/estatística & dados numéricos , TorqueRESUMO
We tested the validity of the Hexoskin wearable vest to monitor heart rate (HR), breathing rate (BR), tidal volume (VT), minute ventilation, and hip motion intensity (HMI) in comparison with laboratory standard devices during lying, sitting, standing, and walking. Twenty healthy young volunteers participated in this study. First, participants walked 6 min on a treadmill at speeds of 1, 3, and 4.5 km/h followed by increasing treadmill grades until 80% of their predicted maximal heart rate. Second, lying, sitting, and standing tasks were performed (5 min each) followed by 6 min of treadmill walking at 80% of their ventilatory threshold. Analysis of each individual's mean values under each resting or exercise condition by the 2 measurement systems revealed low coefficient of variation and high intraclass correlation values for HR, BR, and HMI. The Bland-Altman results from HR, BR, and HMI indicated no deviation of the mean value from zero and relatively small variability about the mean. VT and minute ventilation were provided in arbitrary units by the Hexoskin device; however, relative magnitude of change from Hexoskin closely tracked the laboratory standard method. Hexoskin presented low variability, good agreement, and consistency. The Hexoskin wearable vest was a valid and consistent tool to monitor activities typical of daily living such as different body positions (lying, sitting, and standing) and various walking speeds.
Assuntos
Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Monitorização Ambulatorial/instrumentação , Postura/fisiologia , Taxa Respiratória/fisiologia , Caminhada/fisiologia , Acelerometria/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Vestuário , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Monitorização Ambulatorial/estatística & dados numéricos , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Volume de Ventilação Pulmonar/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In Guadeloupe, data on the relationships between arterial hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea are unavailable. The aim of this study was: to assess the frequency of hypertension and non-dipper pattern evaluated by 48-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in an adult population identified obstructive sleep apnea/non-obstructive sleep apnea during overnight polygraphy ; to determine the cardio-metabolic factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea. DESIGN AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was realized at Pointe-à-Pitre Hospital. Patients were referred for suspected sleep apnea to sleep specialist and performed a nocturnal polygraphy. Diagnosis was confirmed if the apnea-hypopnea index was ≥ 5. We obtained two groups: sleep apnea/non-sleep apnea. All patients underwent 48-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The cardio-metabolic factors were identified and assessed (fasten level of hs-CRP and Homa-IR index). RESULTS: A total of 204 patients were included. Mean age at diagnosis was 54 ± 10 years, 63% were women. OSA was present in 69.6% with a higher frequency in men than in women. Difference was not significant between the two groups for hypertension frequency (84.5% vs 77%; P=0.22), non-dipper pattern (77.5% vs 76%; P=0.79) and hs-CRP. Differences for age, snoring, body max index, mean waist circumference, Homa-IR index, obesity, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes were significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our data highlight raised frequency of cardiovascular metabolic factors in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and confirm their high cardiovascular risk.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Hipertensão/etiologia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/complicações , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Guadalupe/epidemiologia , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
This study investigated postexercise hypotension (PEH) after maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) performed using different exercise modalities. Twenty healthy men (aged 23 ± 3 years) performed 3 maximal CPETs (cycling, walking, and running), separated by 72 h in a randomized, counter-balanced order. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), autonomic function (spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and heart rate variability (HRV)), and energy expenditure (EE) were assessed during a 60-min nonexercise control session and for 60 min immediately after each CPET. Total exercise volume (EE during CPET plus 60 min recovery) was significantly higher in running versus cycling and walking CPETs (P ≤ 0.001). Compared with control, only SBP after running CPET was significantly reduced (Δ = -6 ± 8 mm Hg; P < 0.001). Heart rate and cardiac output were significantly increased (P < 0.001) and SVR significantly decreased (P < 0.001) postexercise. BRS and HRV decreased after all CPETs (P < 0.001), whereas sympatho-vagal balance (low- and high-frequency (LF:HF) ratio) increased significantly after all exercise conditions, especially after running CPET (P < 0.001). Changes in SVR, BRS, sympathetic activity (low-frequency component of HRV), and LF:HF ratio were negatively correlated to variations in SBP (range -0.69 to -0.91; P < 0.001) and DBP (range -0.58 to -0.93; P ≤ 0.002). These findings suggest that exercise mode or the total exercise volume are major determinants of PEH magnitude in healthy men. Because of the running CPET, the PEH was primarily related to a decrease in SVR and to an increase in sympatho-vagal balance, which might be a reflex response to peripheral vasodilatation after exercise.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Hipotensão Pós-Exercício/fisiopatologia , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Adolescente , Barorreflexo/fisiologia , Ciclismo , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Débito Cardíaco/fisiologia , Metabolismo Energético , Teste de Esforço , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Masculino , Consumo de Oxigênio , Corrida , Resistência Vascular/fisiologia , Caminhada , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of this article is to analyze how the São Paulo criminal justice system handles homicide cases reported through the State's police precincts (from 1991 to 1998) and the respective law enforcement and legal ramifications. The data were obtained from the Seade Foundation database. Using this information, the study showed that non-legal variables like color and age play a key role in understanding the system's rulings and sentences in murder cases.
Dans cet article, on examine le fonctionnement du système de justice pénale dans l'État de São Paulo avec pour base les homicides répertoriés dans les commissariats de police pendant la période 1991-1998, ainsi que leurs conséquences policières et judiciaires. On s'est servi des données fournies par le système d'information établi par la Fondation Seade. À partir de ces renseignements, on a pu voir que des variables extra-légales, comme la couleur de peau et l' âge, jouent un rôle primordial dans la compréhension de la production décisoire du système de justice pénale concernant le délit d'homicide.
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Objetivo: Realizar um levantamento dos pinos intracanais utilizados nos procedimentos de reconstrução dentária, na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, e verificar sua relação com a técnica restauradora e localização no arco dentário. Metodologia: Os prontuários arquivados no Serviço de Triagem, no período entre 2005 e 2008, foram analisados quanto ao tipo de pino intracanal, técnica restauradora e localização no arco dentário. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente (teste Qui-quadrado), considerando p < 0,05. Resultados: De um total de 5.566 registros, 192 (4,7%) procedimentos restauradores utilizaram os seguintes tipos de retontores: 107 (55.7%) metálicos fundidos, 38 (19,7%) fibra de vidro, 27 (14,1%) metálicos, 14 (7,2%) fibra de carbono e 6 (3,1%) fio de aço. Restaurações indiretas e diretas foram realizadas em 51% e 49% dos casos, respectivamente. Pinos metálicos fundidos foram mais associados a restaurações indiretas (p < 0,001). Considerando a sua localização na arcada, não houve diferença significativa entre os pinos utilizados na região anterior e posterior (p = 0,457).Conclusões: Durante o período de estudo, a maioria dos procedimentos de reconstrução dentária em dentes tratados endodonticamente foram realizados sem utilização de retentores intracanais. Porém, pinos metálicos fundidos foram mais frequentemente associados a coroas unitárias protéticas.
Purpose: To accomplish a rising of posts used in dental reconstruction procedures, at the School of Dentistry of Federal University of Pelotas, and verify it relationship with the restoring technique and location in the dental arch.Methods: The handbooks filed in the Service of Patient Selection, in the period understood between 2005 and 2008, it were appreised as for the post type, recovering technique and location in the dental arch. The data were submitted to the statistical analysis (test Qui-square), considering p<0,05. Results: From the total of 5.566 handbooks filed, 192 (4,7%) recovering procedures were accomplished using the following types of posts: 107 (55,7%) melted metallic, 38 (19,7%) glass fiber, 27 (14,1%) metallic, 14 (7,2%) carbon fiber and 6 (3,1%) posts of steel. Prosthetic crowns (indirects) and direct recovering were accomplished in 51% and 36,9% of the cases, respectively. Melted metallic posts were more associated to indirect restorations (p<0,001) . Considering the position of the tooth in the arcade, there was not statistic significant differences among the types of posts used in the anterior and posterior area (p=0,457). Conclusions: During the period of this study, the majority of recovering procedures of endodontically treated teeth was accomplished without the use of posts. However, melted metallic posts were more associated to indirect restorations.
Assuntos
Pinos Dentários , Restauração Dentária Permanente , Restauração Dentária TemporáriaRESUMO
Giardia lamblia is a protozoan that commonly infects young animals which live in groups. Despite its high prevalence many animals dont exhibit clinical signs. Giardiasis is epidemiologically important concerning the zoonotic potential of the disease. The objective of this study was to determine the frequence of Giardia lamblia in the canine population of Canoas, RS, Brazil, applying the Faust and Collaborators Method (1939) and the Auramine Staining Technique. The dogs were classified according to the origin and gender. Feces samples of 332 dogs were analyzed by the Faust and Collaborators Method. The frequency of the infection obtained was 34.04%, ranging from 28.95% to 39.13% (confident interval at a 95% level). For kennel bred animals 40,96% of the samples were positive and for stray dogs 27.11%. Applying Fishers Exact Test to these figures there was a significant difference (P=0.0107) when comparing the origin of the animals and the results of the tests. However when comparing genders there was no significant difference (P=0.8162), the former with 33.11% of positive males and 34.08% positive females. When submitted to the Auramine Staining Technique(147 samples), 15.67% (23) of the samples resulted positive. The statistical analysis using the McNemar Test exposed a significant difference between both techniques (P=0.0004). The Kappa value of 0.07 obtained was considered of low rate. The results allow one to affirm that the Faust and Collaborators Method was the most suitable diagnostic test for Giardia lamblia infection, considering the high prevalence of this parasite in the studied region.
Giardia lamblia é um protozoário que acomete mais comumente animais jovens e que convivem em grupos. Apesar da alta prevalência, nem todos os animais apresentam a forma clínica da doença. Mesmo assim, a giardíase tem importância epidemiológica por possuir um elevado potencial zoonótico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a freqüência de Giardia lamblia em cães no município de Canoas, RS, Brasil, através do Método de Faust e cols. (1939) e da Técnica de Coloração da Auramina. Os grupos experimentais foram divididos de acordo com a procedência e o sexo. Das 332 amostras analisadas pelo Método de Faust e cols, a freqüência obtida foi de 34,04%, podendo variar de 28,95 a 39,13%, dentro de um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Destas amostras positivas, 40,96% foram de canil e 27,11% de cães de rua. O Teste Exato de Fisher aplicado a esses dados revelou existir uma diferença significativa (p=0,0107) entre as variáveis resultado e procedência. A variável sexo, neste método, não apresentou diferença significativa em relação ao resultado (P=0,8162) totalizando 33,11% de machos e 34,08% de fêmeas infectadas com o parasita. Das 147 amostras realizadas pela Técnica de Coloração da Auramina, 23 foram positivas, totalizando 15,65%. A análise estatística pelo Teste McNemar revelou existir diferença significativa entre as duas técnicas (P=0,0004). O valor Kappa foi igual a 0,07, considerado como um grau de concordância fraco. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo nos permitem afirmar que o Método de Faust e cols. foi o mais adequado para o diagnóstico da infecção por Giardia lamblia, sendo este parasita altamente prevalente na região estudada.
RESUMO
Giardia lamblia is a protozoan that commonly infects young animals which live in groups. Despite its high prevalence many animals dont exhibit clinical signs. Giardiasis is epidemiologically important concerning the zoonotic potential of the disease. The objective of this study was to determine the frequence of Giardia lamblia in the canine population of Canoas, RS, Brazil, applying the Faust and Collaborators Method (1939) and the Auramine Staining Technique. The dogs were classified according to the origin and gender. Feces samples of 332 dogs were analyzed by the Faust and Collaborators Method. The frequency of the infection obtained was 34.04%, ranging from 28.95% to 39.13% (confident interval at a 95% level). For kennel bred animals 40,96% of the samples were positive and for stray dogs 27.11%. Applying Fishers Exact Test to these figures there was a significant difference (P=0.0107) when comparing the origin of the animals and the results of the tests. However when comparing genders there was no significant difference (P=0.8162), the former with 33.11% of positive males and 34.08% positive females. When submitted to the Auramine Staining Technique(147 samples), 15.67% (23) of the samples resulted positive. The statistical analysis using the McNemar Test exposed a significant difference between both techniques (P=0.0004). The Kappa value of 0.07 obtained was considered of low rate. The results allow one to affirm that the Faust and Collaborators Method was the most suitable diagnostic test for Giardia lamblia infection, considering the high prevalence of this parasite in the studied region.
Giardia lamblia é um protozoário que acomete mais comumente animais jovens e que convivem em grupos. Apesar da alta prevalência, nem todos os animais apresentam a forma clínica da doença. Mesmo assim, a giardíase tem importância epidemiológica por possuir um elevado potencial zoonótico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a freqüência de Giardia lamblia em cães no município de Canoas, RS, Brasil, através do Método de Faust e cols. (1939) e da Técnica de Coloração da Auramina. Os grupos experimentais foram divididos de acordo com a procedência e o sexo. Das 332 amostras analisadas pelo Método de Faust e cols, a freqüência obtida foi de 34,04%, podendo variar de 28,95 a 39,13%, dentro de um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Destas amostras positivas, 40,96% foram de canil e 27,11% de cães de rua. O Teste Exato de Fisher aplicado a esses dados revelou existir uma diferença significativa (p=0,0107) entre as variáveis resultado e procedência. A variável sexo, neste método, não apresentou diferença significativa em relação ao resultado (P=0,8162) totalizando 33,11% de machos e 34,08% de fêmeas infectadas com o parasita. Das 147 amostras realizadas pela Técnica de Coloração da Auramina, 23 foram positivas, totalizando 15,65%. A análise estatística pelo Teste McNemar revelou existir diferença significativa entre as duas técnicas (P=0,0004). O valor Kappa foi igual a 0,07, considerado como um grau de concordância fraco. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo nos permitem afirmar que o Método de Faust e cols. foi o mais adequado para o diagnóstico da infecção por Giardia lamblia, sendo este parasita altamente prevalente na região estudada.
RESUMO
600 samples of bovine sera, taken from cows from four counties in the São Paulo State and from two counties in the Minas Gerais State, Brazil, were tested using an immunofluorescent antibody technique (RIFI-IgG) for the presence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. A total of 101 (16,83%) of the tested samples were reactive to N. caninum, while 295 (49,17%) of the samples were reactive to T. gondii. 54 (9,00%) of the animals tested showed detectable antibody levels for both coccidia. Cows with serum that reacted positively to both these protozoon parasites were seen in all counties assessed. Statistical differences (P 0,05) between counties were observed when comparing the results of the sera evaluation. It can be concluded from the obtained results that the protozoan parasites N. caninum and T. gondii are largely widespread in cattle from the assessed counties in Brazil and that the simultaneous occurrence of antibodies for both parasites can be relatively high (9,00%) in bovine hosts in the studied geographical region.
Foram colhidas 600 amostras de soros de vacas, pertencentes a propriedades rurais dos municípios de Pirangi, Votuporanga, Guaíra e Ituverava, Estado de São Paulo e dos municípios de Iturama e Gurinhatã, Estado de Minas Gerais. As amostras foram analisadas pela técnica de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI-IgG), para a pesquisa de anticorpos contra Neospora caninum e contra Toxoplasma gondii. Os exames sorológicos revelaram 16,83% e 49,17% de animais sororreagentes ao N. caninum e ao T. gondii, respectivamente. Foram encontrados 54 (9,00%) animais apresentando títulos de anticorpos para ambos coccídios. Em todos os municípios analisados foi detectada a presença de animais sororreagentes. Diferenças estatísticas (P 0,05) foram constatadas nos resultados da sorologia entre alguns municípios, utilizando-se o método de Qui-Quadrado(X2). Pode-se inferir, portanto, que infecções por N. caninum e T. gondii estão disseminadas em bovinos provenientes de rebanhos dos municípios avaliados e que a frequência simultânea de anticorpos (9,00%) contra os dois coccídios (N. caninum e T. gondii) pode ser considerada relativamente alta.