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BACKGROUND: Anxiety is a common and disabling condition that significantly impacts quality of life. Subsyndromal anxiety (SSA) refers to anxiety symptoms that do not meet the full diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder but pose a risk for developing such disorders. We aimed to provide practical recommendations for the treatment of SSA in primary care settings. METHODS: A narrative review was conducted to identify strategies for recognizing and treating patients with SSA. RESULTS: The recommendations for treating SSA include lifestyle modifications such as exercise and stress reduction techniques, psychotherapy, and pharmacological treatments, including natural compounds like the lavender oil extract Silexan. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor treatment response and address ongoing symptoms. Additionally, the use of the GAD-7 tool is recommended for accurately identifying patients with SSA. CONCLUSION: Implementing these recommendations in primary care can lead to effective treatment of SSA, preventing the development of more severe anxiety disorders. An integrative approach, combining lifestyle modifications, psychotherapy, and pharmacotherapy, including natural compounds, offers significant benefits for managing anxiety.

Anxiety is prevalent and disablingSubsyndromal anxiety is a risk factor for anxiety disordersSubsyndromal anxiety can be assessed with the GAD-7 (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 scale)Subsyndromal anxiety can be treated with life-style modification, psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment, including silexan, a natural compound.

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Introducción: El cáncer colorrectal es la neoplasia más frecuente del sistema digestivo en los adultos mayores. En Cuba es un problema de salud de primer orden por su elevada incidencia y mortalidad, que constituye la tercera causa de muerte. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los adultos mayores con cáncer colorrectal en el Policlínico Sur de Sancti Spíritus. Métodos: Investigación de tipo descriptiva en el Policlínico Sur del municipio y la provincia de Sancti Spíritus de enero a marzo del 2019. Muestra intencional de 127 adultos mayores, pertenecientes a consultorios urbanos. Las variables: edad, sexo, escolaridad, estadio del cáncer colorrectal al diagnóstico, estado de salud, comorbilidades, capacidad y percepción del autocuidado y supervivencia. Para determinar el estadio al diagnóstico se utilizó la clasificación anatomoclínica. La comorbilidad se midió mediante el índice de Chalson mientras que para medir la capacidad y percepción del autocuidado se empleó el Test de CYPAC-AM. Resultados: En la caracterización de la muestra predominaron las mujeres, el grupo de edad entre 70 y 79 años y la escolaridad de secundaria básica. El estadio II, con un mal estado de salud y la inadecuada percepción de autocuidado, fue mayoritario. La comorbilidad fue moderada con una supervivencia entre 40 a 60 meses. Conclusiones: La adecuada caracterización de los adultos mayores con cáncer colorrectal en la comunidad posibilita trazar estrategias dirigidas a la mejora del autocuidado y el estado de salud de los gerontes desde el primer nivel de atención(AU)

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the most frequent neoplasm of the digestive system in older adults. In Cuba, it is a highly significant health problem due to its high incidence and mortality, also being the third cause of death. Objective: To characterize older adults with colorectal cancer at Policlínico Sur of Sancti Spíritus. Methods: A descriptive research was carried out in Policlínico Sur of Sancti Spíritus Municipality and Province from January to March 2019. The intentional sample was made up of 127 older adults, belonging to urban family medical offices. The variables were age, sex, school level, stage of colorectal cancer at diagnosis, health status, comorbidities, selfcare capacity and perception, and survival. The anatomoclinical classification was used to determine the stage at diagnosis. Comorbidity was measured using the Chalson index, while the CYPAC-AM (older adult selfcare capacity and perception) test was used to measure selfcare capacity and perception. Results: In the characterization of the sample, there was a predominance of women, the age group between 70 and 79 years, and the junior high school level. Stage II prevailed, together with poor health status and inadequate selfcare perception. Comorbidity was moderate, with survival between 40 to 60 months. Conclusions: The adequate characterization of older adults with colorectal cancer in the community makes it possible to outline strategies aimed at improving selfcare and their health status from the first level of care(AU)

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Introducción: Más de 15 años han transcurrido desde que se publicó, como experiencia médica, el artículo ¿Medicina General Integral o Medicina Familiar? y hace aproximadamente diez años, el tema de reflexión: La Medicina General Integral una especialidad clínica con un verdadero enfoque biopsicosocial de la salud de la población. En el primero de los artículos se tomaba partido con relación al nombre que debía mantener la especialidad de referencia, que debía ser el de Medicina General Integral. En el segundo se resaltaba el carácter general e integral de esta. La Medicina General Integral, según plantean algunos, la Medicina Familiar cubana, definitivamente está a punto de asumir esa última denominación de manera oficial. No creo que la nueva denominación resulte adecuada. Objetivo: Fundamentar por qué no debe modificarse el nombre de la especialidad teniendo en cuenta específicamente su carácter general e integral. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de los artículos publicados, todos vinculados al trabajo dentro del modelo de Medicina Familiar. Conclusiones: La especialidad en la que se forman y desarrollan los médicos que se desempeñan, fundamentalmente, en consultorios de la comunidad del primer nivel de atención en Cuba debería seguir denominándose Medicina General Integral(AU)

Introduction: It has been more than 15 years since the article Comprehensive General Medicine or Family Medicine? was published as a medical experience. It has been about ten years since this thought was disseminated: Comprehensive General Medicine, a clinical specialty with a true biopsychosocial approach to the population health. The first article supported the position of naming this specialty as Comprehensive General Medicine. The second article remarked the general and comprehensive character of this specialty. Comprehensive General Medicine, according to some authors, is definitely about to be accepted as the official name of this specialty. I do not think that Cuban Family Medicine would be appropriate as a name. Objective: To justify why the name of this specialty should not be modified, specifically taking into account its general and comprehensive nature. Methods: A thorough review of published articles was carried out, all linked to work within the Family Medicine model. Conclusions: The specialty in which doctors are trained and developed, mainly in community offices at the first level of care in Cuba, should maintain the name of Comprehensive General Medicine(AU)

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RESUMO: Trata-se de um estudo cartográfico que buscou analisar a atuação de médicos(as) de família e comunidade na Atenção Primária da saúde suplementar, realizado por meio de diários e entrevistas cartográficas entre março de 2021 e janeiro de 2022, processados semanalmente em reuniões de pesquisa. Tal estudo se deu com base nos analisadores: 'território', 'família' e 'comunidade'. Notou-se que a territorialização e a abordagem familiar ganham outros contornos na Medicina de Família e Comunidade praticada na saúde suplementar. Além disso, verificou-se que algumas das ferramentas típicas da Atenção Básica - como visita domiciliar, educação em saúde, genograma, ecomapa e vigilância em saúde - não eram utilizadas na atenção suplementar ou tiveram outras aplicabilidades dissonantes do modelo preconizado. Concluiu-se que a Medicina de Família e Comunidade na saúde suplementar se aproxima de uma atuação mais clínica, com perda da potência das linhas de força que constituem tal especialidade, tendendo a uma medicina menos familiar e comunitária.

RESUMEN: Se trata de un estudio cartográfico que buscó analizar el desempeño de los médicos de familia y comunidad en atención primaria de salud complementaria, realizado a través de diarios y entrevistas cartográficas entre marzo de 2021 y enero de 2022, que fueron procesados semanalmente en reuniones de investigación. Este estudio se basó en los analizadores: 'territorio', 'familia' y 'comunidad'. Se observó que la territorialización y el enfoque familiar adquieren otros contornos en la Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria practicada en salud complementaria. Además, se encontró que algunas de las herramientas típicas de la atención básica, como las visitas domiciliarias, la educación sanitaria, el genograma, el ecomap y la vigilancia sanitaria, no se utilizaron en la atención complementaria o tenían otra aplicabilidad disonante del modelo recomendado. Se concluyó que la Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria en salud complementaria se aproxima a una práctica más clínica, con pérdida de potencia de las líneas eléctricas que constituyen dicha especialidad, tendiendo a una medicina menos familiar y comunitaria.

ABSTRACT: This is a cartographic study that sought to analyze the performance of family and community physicians in primary care of supplementary health, carried out through diaries and cartographic interviews between March 2021 and January 2022, which were weekly processed in research meetings. This study was based on the analyzers: 'territory', 'family' and 'community'. It was noticed that territorialization and family approach gain other contours in Family and Community Medicine practiced in supplementary health. In addition, it was found that some of the typical tools of basic care - such as home visits, health education, genogram, ecomap and health surveillance - were not used in supplementary care or had other dissonant applicabilities of the recommended model. It was concluded that Family and Community Medicine in supplementary health approaches a more clinical practice, with loss of power from the power lines that constitute such specialty, tending to a less familiar and community medicine.

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Abstract: Introduction: Learning in practical environments consists in an essential component of medical education. In recent decades, medical schools have sought to immerse their students in professional settings since the early years of studying. In these scenarios, the preceptors, more experienced physicians, are responsible for supporting their students in the development of professional knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the perceptions and perspectives of participants of the Preceptorship Training Course (PTC) in Family Medicine - UNA-SUS about preceptorship and medical education. Methods: The quantitative descriptive study was conducted in two phases: 'Population Outlining' phase, including participants' academic data, and 'Survey Questionnaire' phase, performed by applying a questionnaire through a digital platform. Results: The 'Population Outlining' identified 2,530 participants in the PTC, with the predominance of females and southeastern residents. The 'Survey Questionnaire' phase constituted of 232 respondents, of whom 73.4% reported acknowledging their preceptors' contributions, and more than 90% expressed interest in teaching activities, valuing their curriculum enhancement and academic acknowledge. Conclusion: Our findings evidenced positive perceptions about preceptorship and a propensity to engage in teaching activities among the participants, reinforcing the importance of debates about qualification, recruiting and retention of preceptors.

Resumo: Introdução: O aprendizado em ambientes práticos consiste em um componente essencial da educação médica. Nas últimas décadas, as escolas médicas têm procurado imergir os estudantes em ambientes profissionais desde os primeiros anos do curso. Nesses cenários, médicos mais experientes, preceptores, são responsáveis por apoiar seus aprendizes no desenvolvimento de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes profissionais. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as percepções e perspectivas de participantes do curso de Especialização em Preceptoria em Medicina de Família - UNA-SUS sobre preceptoria e educação médica. Método: O estudo quantitativo descritivo foi realizado em duas fases: "delineamento da população", que incluiu dados acadêmicos dos participantes, e "questionário de pesquisa", em que se aplicou um questionário por meio de uma plataforma digital. Resultado: O "delineamento da população" identificou 2.530 participantes do curso de Especialização, com predominância do sexo feminino e moradores da Região Sudeste. A fase "questionário da pesquisa" foi composta por 232 respondentes, dos quais 73,4% relataram reconhecer as contribuições de seus preceptores, e mais de 90% manifestaram interesse em atividades de ensino, valorizando sua valorização curricular e seu reconhecimento acadêmico. Conclusão: Nossos achados evidenciaram percepções positivas sobre a preceptoria e a propensão ao engajamento em atividades docentes dos participantes, reforçando a importância de debates sobre qualificação, recrutamento e retenção de preceptores.

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This is a short communication to reflect on experiences at North American Primary Care Research Group (NAPCRG) conference from the perspective of Asian family physicians. They feel that NAPCRG can play an important role to level up the skills and talents in countries with less-established primary care research capacity and capability. NAPCRG should not be restricted to networking functions for only North America, Europe and Oceania but should include Asia, South America and Africa. These international academic networks will strengthen primary care research in the world.

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Introducción: La evaluación del desempeño pedagógico del tutor es vital para elevar la calidad del proceso educativo. Objetivo: Definir la evaluación del desempeño pedagógico del tutor en la especialidad de Medicina General Integral. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión documental de enero a diciembre de 2020. Se utilizaron la base de datos Pubmed y la biblioteca científica electrónica SciELO, así como el buscador de información científica Google Académico. Se evaluaron artículos de revisión, de investigación y páginas Web que tenían menos de 10 años de publicados, en idioma español, portugués e inglés, y que hicieran referencia al tema de estudio a través del título. Desarrollo: Se identificaron regularidades entre los autores de la comunidad científica de la Educación Avanzada: proceso vinculado con los objetos de la pedagogía desde la actuación y el comportamiento de los especialistas con funciones docentes como tutores; se realiza a partir del cumplimiento de los objetivos y métodos propios de su contenido de trabajo; se refiere a ejercer las actividades con cuidado, precisión, exactitud, profundidad, originalidad y rapidez, y está asociado con el proceso de profesionalización. Conclusiones: Se definió la evaluación del desempeño pedagógico del tutor de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral como un proceso sistemático, continuo y flexible que permite comprobar, medir y valorar el cumplimiento de las funciones, acciones y tareas que se expresan en el modo de actuación profesional del tutor desde lo relacionado con el saber, saber hacer y saber ser, en correspondencia con las exigencias actuales en el contexto de la educación en el trabajo(AU)

Introduction: The evaluation of the pedagogical performance of the tutor is vital to raise the quality of the educational process. Objective: To define the evaluation of the pedagogical performance of the tutor in the formation of the specialist in Comprehensive General Medicine. Material and Methods: A literature review was carried out from January to December 2020. Database Pubmed, the scientific electronic library SciELO, and Google Scholar were used. Review articles, research articles, and Web sites published less than 10 years ago in both Spanish and English that made reference to the topic through the title were evaluated. Development: Regularities among authors from the scientific community in Advanced Education were identified: process related to the objects of pedagogy from the action and behavior of specialists with the teaching roles of tutors, which starts from the fulfillment of the objectives and own methods of the work content, and refers to undertake the activities carefully to ensure precision, accuracy, depth, originality, and speed all of which is associated with the professionalization process. Conclusions: The evaluation of the pedagogical professional performance of the tutor in the formation of the specialist in Comprehensive General Medicine is defined as a systematic, continuous, and flexible process that allows to check, measure, and evaluate the fulfillment of the functions, actions, and tasks expressed in the professional performance of the tutor from knowing, knowing how to do, and knowing how to be in accordance with the current requirements within the context of in-service training(AU)

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Early identification of children with autism is necessary to support their social and communicative skills and cognitive, verbal, and adaptive development. Researchers have identified several barriers to early diagnosis. Data collected in low- and middle-income contexts-where the vast majority of children in the world live-is scarce. In Ecuador, as in many other countries, estimates are lower compared to the global prevalence. Health authorities estimate a prevalence of 0.28% (0.18%-0.41%) in children aged five years old or less. Based on the hypothesis that, as in many parts of the world, children in Ecuador are not routinely screened and that this situation may result from poor recognition of this condition, our objective was to identify potential obstacles to case identification in pediatric settings. Several barriers, consistent with those identified in other countries, were reported by 153 participants on a survey, including lack of time, lack of resources to refer, fear of unnecessarily alarming families, and lack of information to guide families with concerns. The vast majority of participants are aware of the need for a screening tool for autism detection but report a lack of knowledge of its formal application. Most of the barriers reported in this study could be overcome by educational programs tailored to professional needs in order to support the well-being of children with autism and their families.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the direct diagnostic costs for disease groups and other variables (such as gender, age, seasons) that are related to the direct diagnostic costs based on a 3-year data. The population of the study consisted of 31,401 patients who applied to family medicine outpatient clinic in Turkey between January 1st, 2016 and December 31st, 2018. With this study, we determined in which disease groups of the family medicine outpatient clinic weremost frequently admitted. Then, total and average diagnostic costs for these disease groups were calculated. Three-year data gave us the opportunity to examine the trend in diagnostic costs. Based on this, we demonstratedwhich diseases' total and average diagnostic costs increased or decreased during 3 years. Moreover, we examined how diagnostic costs showed a trend in both Turkish liras and USA dollars' rate for 3 years. Finally, we analysedwhether the diagnostic costs differed according to variables such as age, gender and season. There has been relatively little analysis on the diagnostic costs in the previous literature. Therefore, we expect to contribute to both theoristsand healthcare managers for diagnostic costs with this study.

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Resumo O modelo de Acesso Avançado ou Aberto (Advanced/Open Access) vem sendo estimulado por gestores e valorizado pela medicina de família e comunidade brasileira como modelo de gestão da clínica na Equipe de Saúde da Família. Este artigo de revisão integrativa discute como essa tecnologia pode qualificar ou prejudicar a Atenção Primária à Saúde. Embora ajude a promover mudanças necessárias em agendas tradicionalmente voltadas para ações programáticas, o modelo tem um forte viés gerencialista. Ao desconsiderar premissas básicas, sua implantação pode resultar em sofrimento do profissional e em sua alienação perante o território e o cuidado integral em saúde, além de reforçar o modelo biomédico e a medicalização social. Apontamos caminhos para que 'avançado' não signifique 'precipitado', destacando que uma implantação com base no diálogo entre trabalhadores, gestores e usuários parece mais coerente com a própria literatura sobre Acesso Avançado e com a produção nacional sobre Acolhimento no Sistema Único de Saúde.

Abstract The Advanced/Open Access model has been encouraged by managers and valued by Brazilian family and community medicine as a model of clinical management in the Family Health Team. This integrative review article discusses how this technology can qualify or hinder Primary Health Care. Although it helps to promote necessary changes in agendas traditionally focused on programmatic actions, the model has a strong managerialist bias. By disregarding basic premises, its implementation may result in professional suffering and alienation from the territory and integral health care, besides reinforcing the biomedical model and social medicalization. We point out ways for 'advanced' not to mean 'precipitate', highlighting that an implementation based on dialogue among workers, managers, and users seems more coherent with the literature on Advanced Access and with the national production on Welcoming in the Unified Health System.

Resumen El modelo de Acceso Avanzado o Abierto (Advanced/Open Access) ha sido estimulado por los gestores y valorado por la medicina de familia y por la comunidad brasileña como modelo de gestión de la clínica en el Equipo de Salud de la Familia. Este artículo de revisión integradora analiza cómo esta tecnología puede calificar o perjudicar la Atención Primaria de Salud. Si bien ayuda a promover cambios necesarios en agendas tradicionalmente enfocadas en acciones programáticas, el modelo tiene un fuerte sesgo administrativista. Al desconocer premisas básicas, su implementación puede resultar en sufrimiento del profesional y en su alienación ante el territorio y del cuidado integral en salud, además de reforzar el modelo biomédico y la medicalización social. Señalamos caminos para que 'avanzado' no signifique 'apresurado', destacando que una implementación basada en el diálogo entre trabajadores, gestores y usuarios parece más coherente con la literatura sobre Acceso Avanzado y con la producción nacional sobre Acogida en el Sistema Único de Salud.

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En la actualidad diversos problemas de salud pública afectan las naciones, como los embarazos adolescentes, el inicio de la vida sexual a tempranas edades, la masificación del uso de redes sociales y su influencia en adolescentes y jóvenes, convirtiéndose este último en un peligro para la educación sexual y reproductiva. Objetivo. determinar las características y los factores que influyen en la conducta sexual reproductiva en estudiantes universitarios del Altiplano Peruano (AP). Materiales y Métodos. Corresponde al tipo no experimental, con diseño descriptivo correlacional, la muestra de estudio estuvo conformado por 202 estudiantes entre varones y mujeres seleccionados bajo un criterio no probabilístico. El instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario de 20 ítems que permitió caracterizar la conducta sexual de la muestra. Resultados. Revelan que en el AP el inicio de la VSA se da mayormente a los 18 años siendo el principal factor de abstención el no sentirse preparado. Además, los factores que influyen en el inicio de la VSA son el sexo, la estructura familiar, y las fuentes de información. Así mismo, se encontró que los varones tienden a la promiscuidad más que las mujeres, y que existe un mayor consumo de bebidas alcohólicas durante las relaciones sexuales en varones. Conclusiones. Los universitarios del AP, tienen un inicio de VSA tardía sobre todo las mujeres, siendo los factores influyentes la información formal sobre sexualidad que reciben, y la funcionalidad familiar como predictor del inicio tardío de la VSA.

Currently, several public health problems affect nations, such as teenage pregnancies, the beginning of sexual life at an early age, the massive use of social networks and their influence on adolescents and young people, the latter becoming a danger for sexual and reproductive education. Objective. to determine the characteristics and factors that influence sexual and reproductive behavior in university students of the Peruvian Altiplano (AP). Materials and Methods. The study sample consisted of 202 male and female students selected under a non-probabilistic criterion. The instrument used was a 20-item questionnaire that allowed characterizing the sexual behavior of the sample. Results. They reveal that in the AP the onset of SAV occurs mostly at 18 years of age, the main factor of abstention being not feeling ready. In addition, the factors that influence the onset of SAV are sex, family structure, and sources of information. It was also found that males tend to be more promiscuous than females, and that there is a greater consumption of alcoholic beverages during sexual intercourse in males. Conclusions. The AP university students, especially women, have a late onset of SAV, being influential factors the formal information on sexuality that they receive, and family functionality as a predictor of late onset of SAV.

Atualmente, vários problemas de saúde pública afetam as nações, como a gravidez na adolescência, o início da vida sexual em tenra idade, o uso generalizado de redes sociais e sua influência sobre adolescentes e jovens, estes últimos se tornando um perigo para a educação sexual e reprodutiva. Objetivo. Determinar as características e fatores que influenciam o comportamento sexual e reprodutivo de estudantes universitários no Altiplano peruano (AP). Materiais e métodos. Corresponde ao tipo não experimental, com um desenho descritivo correlacional, a amostra de estudo consistiu de 202 estudantes masculinos e femininos selecionados sob um critério não probabilístico. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário de 20 itens que tornou possível caracterizar o comportamento sexual da amostra. Resultados. Eles revelam que na AP, o início do SAV ocorre principalmente aos 18 anos de idade, sendo que o principal fator de abstenção não se sente pronto. Além disso, os fatores que influenciam o início do SAV são sexo, estrutura familiar e fontes de informação. Também foi constatado que os homens tendem a ser mais promíscuos que as mulheres, e que há um maior consumo de bebidas alcoólicas durante o ato sexual nos homens. Conclusões. Os estudantes universitários da AP têm um início tardio do SAV, especialmente as mulheres, com informações formais sobre sexualidade e funcionamento da família como preditores do início tardio do SAV sendo fatores influentes.

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ntroducción: En Cuba, el Ministerio de Salud Pública tiene organizado en el consultorio médico de la comunidad la realización de los chequeos médicos a los trabajadores que en su centro no cuentan con Equipo Básico de Salud, aunque reconoce se debe perfeccionar su calidad, sistematicidad y la superación médica sobre el tema. Objetivo: Analizar el proceso de formación y actualización sistemática del médico de familia en materia de ambiente laboral para la atención integral a la salud del trabajador. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en el período comprendido marzo a septiembre de 2020, para lo cual se utilizaron diferentes motores de búsqueda que permitieron acceder a varias bases de datos referenciales, que ofrecían textos completos, índices y publicaciones periódicas académicas, entre ellas BIREME, Ebsco, SciELO regional, PubMed y otras. Los principales procedimientos teóricos aplicados fueron la inducción-deducción, análisis-síntesis, la abstracción e integración que posibilitaron realizar una valoración histórica y sistemática del objeto estudiado. Conclusiones: La superación profesional influye en el mejoramiento de la calidad de los servicios, el nivel de satisfacción y el reconocimiento social; el médico de familia es el pilar en los logros de la salud de la población, que incluye a los trabajadores; es quien, al ofrecerles las herramientas y las asesorías necesarias, podrá brindar una atención médica integral a la comunidad asignada(AU)

Introduction: In Cuba, the Ministry of Public Health has organized medical check-ups in the family medical office for workers who do not have a basic health team in their work centers, although the Ministry recognizes that its quality, systematicity and medical improvement on the subject should be upgraded. Objective: To analyze the process of training and systematic updating of the family medicine doctors on issues concerning work environment for the comprehensive care of the workers' health. Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out in the period from March to September 2020. Different search engines were used, which allowed access to various referential databases. These offered full texts, indexes and academic periodical publications, and included BIREME, Ebsco, SciELO regional, PubMed and others. The main theoretical procedures applied were induction-deduction, analysis-synthesis, as well as abstraction and integration, which made it possible to carry out a historical and systematic assessment of the object studied. Conclusions: Professional improvement influences the upgrading of the quality of services, as well as the level of satisfaction and social recognition. The family medicine doctor is the cornerstone for the achievements of population health, which includes workers. Such physician is who, by offering them the necessary tools and advice, will be able to provide comprehensive medical care to the assigned community(AU)

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La telemedicina se implementó en muchos países en tiempo de pandemia por el nuevo Coronavirus, los beneficios que brinda y cómo podemos mejorar los servicios de atención en el sistema nacional de salud en el Ecuador. Objetivo: describir el proceso en telemedicinas en tiempos de COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: El presente artículo fue realizado bajo la perspectiva de una revisión bibliográfica de nivel descriptivo, monográfico. La técnica aplicada fue el fichaje bibliográfico y el análisis sistemático de los documentos encontrados en la web. Conclusión: Se describen brevemente los logros en los países como China, España, América latina y la implementación en el sistema nacional de salud ecuatoriano como estrategia para cubrir la demanda de atención que se presentaron en los meses con más altos de contagios por Covid-19, además de recomendaciones desde la medicina familiar para continuar implementando la Telemedicina en el primer nivel de atención en tiempos de pandemia(AU)

Telemedicine was implemented in many countries in times of the new Coronavirus pandemic, the benefits it provides and how we can improve care services in the national health system in Ecuador. Objective: to describe the telemedicine process in times of COVID-19. Materials and methods: This article was carried out from the perspective of a descriptive, monographic level bibliographic review. The applied technique was the bibliographic record and the systematic analysis of the documents found on the web. Conclusion: Theachievements in countries such as China, Spain, Latin America and the implementation in the Ecuadorian national health system as a strategy to cover the demand for care that occurred in the months with the highest number of infections by Covid-19 are briefly described. , in addition to recommendations from family medicine to continue implementing Telemedicine at the first level of care in times of pandemic(AU)

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RESUMEN La atención primaria de salud es el área de actuación fundamental de la medicina familiar y una herramienta clave para su desarrollo. Al ser declarada como pandemia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la COVID-19 ha hecho que los sistemas de salud consideren los sólidos servicios de atención primaria como base de la respuesta ante esta emergencia. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir los desafíos a los que se enfrentan los médicos de familia en la atención a pacientes sospechosos o confirmados por la COVID-19. Es necesario que el personal de salud y toda la población conozcan las características del nuevo coronavirus. En Cuba, existe un Protocolo Nacional contra la COVID-19, en constante actualización, donde se definen los criterios de casos, las principales medidas preventivas y el tratamiento para combatir la enfermedad. El médico familiar debe establecer consultas de clasificación para atender los pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias agudas; de esta manera se evita el contacto con los demás pacientes que acuden con otros problemas de salud. Asimismo, debe insistir en las medidas preventivas y tratar los casos sospechosos y confirmados, mantenerse actualizado, realizar pesquisa activa de los casos, garantizar la atención de las personas que se encuentran en los centros de aislamiento, e investigar cada una de las características de la enfermedad. A modo de conclusión, se plantea que la medicina familiar es necesaria para prevenir la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019. Son varios los retos y desafíos que deben enfrentar los médicos de familia ante la pandemia (AU).

ABSTRACT Primary health care is the main area of action of family medicine and a key tool for its development. Being declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, COVID-19 has made health systems consider solid primary care services as the basis of the response to this emergency. The aim of this paper was to describe the challenges faced by family physicians in taking care of COVID-19 suspected or confirmed patients. The health care staff and the entire population need to know the characteristics of the novel coronavirus. There is a National Protocol against COVID-19 in Cuba that is regularly updated; it defines the cases criteria, the main preventive measures and the treatment to fight the disease. The family doctor should establish classification consultations to take care of patients with acute respiratory diseases; this avoids contact with the rest of patients who come with other health problems. They should also insist on preventive measures and take care of suspicious and confirmed cases; keep themselves updated; carry out an active investigation of cases; ensure the care of persons in isolation centers, and study each of the characteristics of the disease. As a conclusion, it is indicated that family medicine is necessary to prevent coronavirus disease 2019. There are several challenges and defies that family doctors must face in the face of the pandemic (AU).

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In the Family Medicine Unit (UMF) of the UC Health Network there is a program of multiple interventions based on a Chronic Control Model (CCM), led by a nurse who coordinates the activities and ensures compliance, aspiring to a change in its model of care and self-sustainability. It has been running for several years and its implementation and results have not been evaluated. Objective: This study aims to describe the situation of the Program, at its different levels: structure, processes and results. Material and method: Observational, descriptive longitudinal study of patients seen between July 2010 and June 2012, based on: methodology proposed by A. Donabedian; E. Wagner recommendations for the MTC; Monthly Statistical Registers and recommendations of the GES DM2 and HTA (MINSAL) Guides. Results: Hypertensive patients present a reduction of 11.2 mmHg in SBP and 7.8 mmHg in DBP (p 0.04). Diabetics present a reduction in HbA1c by 1.5 percentage points (p 0.04), and mixed patients present a SBP / DBP reduction of 10.3 and 6.8 mmHg respectively and an HbA1c reduction of 1.1 percentage points (p 0.092). Conclusions: After an average of 15 months, hypertensive patients significantly improve their mean SBP, DBP and compensation percentages; diabetics significantly improve their mean HbA1c and compensation percentages; mixed patients manage to improve their blood pressure and HbA1c levels, but this is not statistically significant.

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RESUMO Este relato situa-se no campo do protagonismo das mulheres Médicas de Família e Comunidade (mMFC) e em sua articulação nacional por meio do Grupo de Trabalho Mulheres na Medicina de Família e Comunidade (GT-MMF), fundado em 2016 no bojo da Sociedade de Medicina de Família e Comunidade (SBMFC), entidade científica que representa a especialidade no País. Descreve a organização do I Encontro do GT-MMFC, em 2019, intitulado 'Liderança feminina em saúde' e discute seus desdobramentos, com foco na equidade de gênero nos domínios: profissional, acadêmico, de gestão, de ensino e pesquisa; assim como na própria instituição, a SBMFC. O artigo se debruça, ainda, sobre questões relacionadas com as causas de mulheres no âmbito da especialidade e da medicina. O evento foi aberto a estudantes e profissionais de outras áreas e ofertou discussões contemporâneas, como: protagonismo feminino; autocuidado; interseccionalidades; maternidade e trabalho; inserção da mulher e diferenças de gênero na política. O Encontro reuniu mulheres de quatro regiões do Brasil, aprofundou as relações e o apoio interpares e permitiu a ampliação das pautas para o fortalecimento da consciência de gênero e sua influência no cotidiano das mMFC, na sua prática acadêmica, científica, assistencial e de gestão.

ABSTRACT This report is situated in the scope of Female Family Physicians' protagonism and their national organization through the Women's Working Group on Family and Community Medicine, which was founded in 2016 under the Brazilian Society of Family and Community Medicine, a scientific entity that represents this medical specialty in the country. It describes the organization of the first Meeting of this Working Group, in 2019, named 'Female Leadership in Health' and discusses its unfoldings, focusing on gender equity in spheres such as: professional, academic, management, educational, and research, as well as permeating the institution itself. This article also focuses on women's issues surrounding both the specialty and medicine in general. The event welcomed students and professionals from other fields and offered contemporary debates, for example: female protagonism, self-care, intersectionality, maternity and work, participation of women in politics, and gender inequities. The Meeting gathered women from four regions of Brazil, deepened peer bonds and support, and enabled the expansion of the agenda of gender consciousness and its influence in women family physicians' daily life in their experience in management, university, science, and assistance.

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RESUMEN El análisis bibliométrico permite observar tendencias dentro de la literatura científica, extraer conclusiones sobre el impacto del material publicado y, lo que es más importante, dirigir los esfuerzos de investigación y financiación de una manera más informada. Se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo, de carácter transversal, de tipología bibliométrica con el objetivo de caracterizar la producción científica de la COVID-19 y la Medicina Familiar en la base de datos DIMENSIONS durante el periodo de enero hasta julio del 2020. La base de datos DIMENSIONS permitió obtener información de los 10 mil 738 artículos que formaron parte de la muestra. Se utilizó VOSviewer para la obtención de matrices, la visualización y análisis, así como la colaboración entre investigadores. Se generó toda la información a través de mapas científicos. Predominaron los artículos por autores en investigaciones conjuntas a organizaciones de países como China, Inglaterra, Estados Unidos de América e Italia; todas de alto prestigio internacional y en revistas de alto impacto científico. La citabilidad de los documentos preponderó en los países, en orden decreciente, Estados Unidos de América, China, Reino Unido, Italia y otros en menor cuantía.

ABSTRACT Bibliometric analysis allows observing trends within the scientific literature, drawing conclusions about the impact of published material, and most importantly directing research and funding efforts in a more informed way. An observational and descriptive study, of a cross-sectional nature, of a bibliometric typology was carried out in order to characterize the scientific production of COVID-19 and Family Medicine in the DIMENSIONS database during the period from January to July 2020. The base of DIMENSIONS data allowed obtaining information on the 10 thousand 738 articles that were part of the sample. VOSviewer was used for matrix extraction, visualization and analysis, as well as collaboration between investigators. All the information was generated through scientific maps. Articles by authors predominated in joint research with organizations from countries such as China, England, the United States of America and Italy; all of high international prestige and in journals of high scientific impact. The citation of the documents prevailed in the countries, in decreasing order, the United States of America, China, United Kingdom, Italy and others to a lesser extent.

RESUMO A anúlese bibliométrica permite observar tendências na literatura científica, tirar conclusões sobre o impacto do material publicado e, o maxis importante, direcionar os éforos de pesquisa e financiamiento de uma forma mais informada. Foi realizado um estudo observacional e descritivo, de natureza transversal, de tipologia bibliométrica, como objetivo de caracterizar a produção científica do COVID-19 e da Medicina de Família na base de dados DIMENSIONS no período de janeiro a julho de 2020. A base de Os dados de DIMENSÕES permitiram obter informações sobre os 10 mil 738 artigos que fizeram parte da amostra. O VOSviewer foi usado para extração, visualização e análise da matriz, bem como colaboração entre os investigadores. Todas as informações foram geradas por meio de mapas científicos. Os artigos de autores predominaram em pesquisas conjuntas com organizações de países como China, Inglaterra, Estados Unidos da América e Itália; todos de alto prestígio internacional e em periódicos de alto impacto científico. A citação dos documentos prevaleceu nos países, em ordem decrescente, Estados Unidos da América, China, Reino Unido, Itália e outros em menor escala.

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OBJECTIVE: Characterize the current situation of the demand manager physician (DMP) in primary health care (PHC), from the perceptions of those who fulfill this role, their medical peers and the directors of the family health centers (CESFAMs). DESIGN: Qualitative cross-sectional study with a grounded theory approach. SITE: Four CESFAMs from the South East Metropolitan Health Service in Santiago, Chile. PARTICIPANTS: Demand manager physician, general practitioners and directors of CESFAM. METHOD: A semi-structured interview and discussion group were used as data collection technique. Open, axial, and selective coding was carried out with the support of the NVivo12 software. RESULTS: In practice, DMP performs more functions than those defined for the position by the Ministry of Health, generating the feeling of lack of time to carry out their work, what represents their main barrier at work and reflects the absence of institutional support they receive from their employees. Among these invisible functions are: providing feedback to the medical team, leading clinical meetings, and generating reference protocols. For the good performance of the DMP it is necessary to have technical skills and be recognized by their peers. It was estimated that the family doctor is the most suitable professional for the position. The work of the DMP is limited by institutional factors such as waiting lists, lack of specialists, and poor coordination between levels of care. CONCLUSIONS: Standardizing the functions of the DMP is a necessary element for its consolidation and achieving the objectives of maintaining continuity of care in the population.

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Introducción: La educación y la práctica médica constituyen un par dialéctico, del cual emerge el tutor como figura protagónica de los procesos formativos, con conocimientos, habilidades y experiencia para guiar al educando hacia su desarrollo integral. Objetivo: Caracterizar la preparación del tutor en el proceso de formación del residente de Medicina General Integral en el municipio Habana Vieja durante enero-junio de 2019. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación pedagógica en el área del posgrado, de tipo descriptivo. El universo y la muestra estuvieron constituidos por 75 médicos que ejercían la tutoría de formación en residentes de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos y empíricos. Para obtener la información, se efectuó un análisis documental y se aplicó una encuesta, previo consentimiento informado. Resultados: El 42,7 por ciento de los tutores poseía experiencia como tutor y se encontraba en la agrupación entre 1-3 años; el 54,7 por ciento tenía entre 5-10 años como especialistas. La mayor representación (65,3 por ciento) no ostentaba categoría docente ni científica. La maestría de educación médica superior fue la actividad formativa de mayor representación (15,9 por ciento). El 86,6 por ciento refirió no formar parte de investigaciones; y el 53,3 por ciento, no haber participado en eventos científicos. Solo el 24 por ciento de tutores puntualizó haber realizado publicaciones en revistas de alto impacto. Conclusiones: Existen insuficiencias en la preparación del tutor, por lo que se hace necesario implementar estrategias, como la creación de la comisión de trabajo tutorial a nivel del departamento docente(AU)

Introduction: Medical education and practice make up a dialectical pair, from which tutors emerge as leading actors of training processes, with knowledge, skills and experience to guide learners towards their comprehensive development. Objective: To characterize tutor training in the process of formation of the Family Medicine resident in La Habana Vieja Municipality in the period from January to June 2019. Methods: A descriptive pedagogical research was carried out in the postgraduate area. The universe and the sample consisted of 75 physicians who provided tutorship for training Family Medicine residents. Theoretical and empirical methods were applied. To obtain the information, a documental analysis was carried out and a survey was applied, with prior informed consent. Results: 42.7 percent of the participants had experience as tutors and were in the group between one and three years, while 54.7 percent had been specialists for five to ten years. The highest representation group (65.3 percent) did not hold a teaching or scientific rank. The master's degree in higher medical education was the training activity with the highest representation (15.9 percent). 86.6 percent expressed that they were not carrying out any research, while 53.3 percent have not participated in scientific events. Only 24 percent of the tutors specified that they have published in high-impact journals. Conclusions: There are shortcomings in tutor training, a reason why it is necessary to implement strategies, such as the creation of a tutorial work commission at the level of the teaching department(AU)

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