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Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders in the general population. Our objective was to describe the cumulative incidence and risk factors of anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in a follow-up of young adults over a five-year period. This is a prospective cohort conducted in two waves. The first took place from 2007 to 2009, in which 1,560 young adults aged between 18 and 24 years were evaluated using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Subjects were invited to participate in the second wave, which wave took place from 2012 to 2014, where 1,244 young adults were evaluated using the MINI-Plus. Our findings showed a cumulative incidence of 10.9% for any anxiety disorder, 6.5% for generalized anxiety disorder, 6.0% for agoraphobia, 2.0% for OCD, 1.6% for panic disorder, 1.1% for social anxiety and 0.7% for PTSD. Being female and having had a depressive episode were risk factors to develop any anxiety disorder. We observed a high cumulative incidence of anxiety disorders in a population-based sample of young adults. Our data highlights the importance of the early identification of these disorders as this could lead to early illness detection, early illness management and a reduced burden of disease.
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Transtornos de Ansiedade , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Adulto , Masculino , Incidência , Estudos Prospectivos , Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/epidemiologia , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/psicologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Resumen Objetivos Identificar los factores alimentarios y nutricionales de riesgo o protectores para el control del asma. Materiales y Método Investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa realizada en el Hospital pediátrico William Soler de La Habana, Cuba. Se realizaron grupos de discusión y un estudio de casos y controles con muestras relacionadas. Resultados El 45% del grupo de casos fueron evaluados como sobrepesos y obesos y el 65% de baja talla para su edad. Cumplir con una frecuencia de 6-7 veces por semana con el desayuno, almuerzo y las meriendas de mañana y tarde, se asoció al control. Los casos consumen más energía alimentaria que los controles, con la excepción de las vitaminas A y E, el ácido fólico y el calcio. Conclusiones El análisis realizado permitió identificar factores alimentarios y nutricionales de riesgo o protectores en el control del asma.
Abstract Objective To identify food and nutritional risk factors or protectors for asthma control. Method Qualitative and quantitative research conducted at the William Soler Pediatric Hospital, Havana, Cuba. Discussion: Groups and a case-control study with related samples were conducted. Results 45% of the case group were evaluated as overweighted and obese and 65% were short for their age. Comply with a frequency of 6-7 times per week with breakfast, lunch and afternoon snacks, associated with control. Cases consume more food energy than controls, with the exception of vitamins A and E, folic acid and calcium. Conclusions The analysis made possible to identify food and nutritional risk factors or protectors in asthma control.
Resumo Objetivo Identificar o risco alimentar e nutricional ou fatores de proteção para o controle da asma. Materiais e Métodos Pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa realizada no Hospital Pediátrico William Soler em Havana, Cuba. Grupos de discussão e um estudo de caso-controle foram realizados com amostras relacionadas. Resultados 45% do grupo de casos foram avaliados como sobrepeso e obesidade e 65% baixos para a idade. Cumprir uma frequência de 6-7 vezes por semana com café da manhã, almoço e lanches da manhã e da tarde, foi associado ao controle. Os casos consomem mais energia da dieta do que os controles, com exceção das vitaminas A e E, ácido fólico e cálcio. Conclusões A análise realizada permitiu identificar riscos alimentares e nutricionais ou fatores de proteção no controle da asma.
Résumé Objectifs Identifier les facteurs alimentaires et nutritionnels de risque ou de protection pour le contrôle de l'asthme. Méthode Recherche qualitative et quantitative menée á l'hôpital pédiatrique William Soler, La Havane, Cuba. Des groupes de discussion et une étude de cas-témoins avec des échantillons apparentés ont été réalisés. Résultats 45 % du groupe de cas ont été évalués comme étant en surpoids ou obèses et 65 % comme étant de petite taille pour leur âge. Le contrôle de l'asthme a été associé á une fréquence de réalisation du petit déjeuner, du déjeuner et des collations du matin et de l'après-midi de 6 á 7 fois par semaine. Les cas consomment plus d'énergie alimentaire et de micronutriments que les témoins, á l'exception des vitamines A et E, de l'acide folique et du calcium. Conclusions L'analyse effectuée a permis d'identifier les facteurs alimentaires et nutritionnels de risque ou de protection dans le contrôle de l'asthme.
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OBJECTIVE: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a serious public health problem worldwide. Accordingly, this study sought to identify individual, community and access to health services risk factors for MDR-TB. METHODS: Retrospective cohort of all TB cases diagnosed between 2006 and 2016 in the state of São Paulo. A Bayesian spatial hierarchical analysis with a multilevel design was carried out. RESULTS: It was identified that the history of previous TB treatment (Odds Ratios [OR]:13.86, 95% credibility interval [95% CI]:12.06-15.93), positive sputum culture test (OR: 5.26, 95% CI: 4.44-6.23), diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.87-2.91), residing at a standard address (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.91-3.60), positive sputum smear microscopy (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.44-2.12), cavitary pulmonary TB (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.14-1.60) and diagnosis performed due to spontaneous request (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.10-1.46) were associated with MDR-TB. Furthermore, municipalities that performed HIV tests in less than 42.65% of patients with TB (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.25-1.79), that diagnosed TB cases only after death (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.17-1.93) and that had more than 20.16% of their population with income between » and ½ of one minimum wage (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.30-1.87) were also related to the MDR-TB. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of these predictive factors may help to develop more comprehensive disease prevention strategies for MDR-TB, avoiding the risks expressed regarding drug resistance expansion.
OBJECTIF: La tuberculose multirésistante (TB-MDR) reste un grave problème de santé publique dans le monde. Cette étude visait à identifier les facteurs de risque individuels, communautaires et d'accès aux services de santé pour la TB-MDR. MÉTHODES: Analyse de cohorte rétrospective de tous les cas de TB diagnostiqués entre 2006 et 2016 dans l'Etat de São Paulo par analyse bayésienne spatiale à plusieurs niveaux. RÉSULTATS: Les antécédents de traitements antituberculeux (Rapports de cotes [OR]: 13,86, Intervalle de confiance à 95% [IC95%]: 12.06-15.93), un test de culture d'expectorations positif (OR: 5,26, IC95%: 4,44-6,23), le diabète sucré (OR: 2,34, IC95%: 1,87-2,91), la résidence à une adresse standard (OR: 2,62, IC95%: 1,91-3,60), la microscopie à frottis positif (OR: 1,74, IC95%: 1,44-2,12), la TB pulmonaire (OR: 1,35, IC95%: 1,14-1,60) et le diagnostic réalisé en raison d'une demande spontanée (OR: 1,26; IC95%: 1,10-1,46) étaient associés à la TB-MDR. Les municipalités qui ont effectué des tests de dépistage du VIH chez moins de 42,65% des patients atteints de TB (OR: 1,50, IC95%: 1,25-1,79), qui ont diagnostiqué des cas de TB uniquement après le décès (OR: 1,50, IC95%: 1,17-1,93) et qui avaient plus de 20,16% de leur population avec un revenu entre » et ½ d'un salaire minimum (OR: 1,56, IC95%: 1,30-1,87) étaient également associées à la TB-MDR. CONCLUSIONS: La connaissance de ces facteurs prédictifs peut aider à développer des stratégies plus complètes de prévention des maladies pour la TB-MDR, en évitant les risques d'extension de la résistance aux médicaments.
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Infecções por HIV/microbiologia , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/virologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Teorema de Bayes , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Escarro/microbiologia , Escarro/virologia , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Resumen Objetivo Valorar el estado funcional y de salud en el adulto mayor, y determinar causas y factores asociados a caídas en el hogar. Material y métodos Estudio descriptivo y transversal, realizado en 13 comunidades de Tlaxcala, con una muestra de 364 adultos mayores de 65 años de edad. Se determinó el grado de funcionalidad y salud, y factores de riesgo de caídas en el hogar. La información se analizó en el paquete estadístico SPSS v21. Resultados El 55.5% de los sujetos son mujeres, el 44.4% amas de casa, el rango de edad predominante fue de 65 a 69 años, 67.3% habitan en área urbana, 47.5% tienen seguro popular, y 55.2% viven en pareja. El 57.7% es independiente para realizar las actividades básicas de la vida diaria. 174 (47.8%) tuvieron alguna caída en los últimos seis meses, con mayor frecuencia dentro de hogar (75%), patio (23%), recámara (15.75), y el baño (12%). El 83% tienen poco riesgo de sufrir una caída, 15.1% mediano riesgo, y 2% alto riesgo. Las mujeres (63.2%), principalmente con sobrepeso (42%), y las que viven en pareja (50.6%) sufren más caídas. Los principales factores de riesgo son el uso de alfombras que no están fijas, falta de tapete anti-derrapante en el baño, escaleras que carecen de luz o pasamanos, sillas en mal estado, y dificultad para alcanzar objetos altos; los que consumen medicamentos (68.4%), por alguna enfermedad (60.9%), o tienen alguna dependencia funcional (57.5%) tienen mayor propensión a las caídas. El 60% de los sujetos menciona que tienen miedo de caer nuevamente. Conclusión Concientizar al adulto mayor y familiares y modificar su ambiente doméstico para minimizar los peligros, promover la salud, prevenir enfermedades e incapacidades del adulto mayor con el objetivo de disminuir los riesgos de sufrir accidentes y caídas.
Abstract Objective To determine sociodemographic conditions and functionality in elderly, and its relationship to the risk of falling at home. Material and methods This is a descriptive and transversal study carried out in 13 communities in the State of Tlaxcala, with a sample size of 364 older than 65 years-old elderly. A four section validated questionnaire was applied to determine health and functional status, and to know and determine their fall- risk factors in the home setting. Data were analyzed using the statistic program SPSS v21. Results The 55.5% of the elderly are women, 44.4% are housewives, most of the subjects have an age between 65 to 69 years old, 67.3% live in an urban area, 47.5% have the popular social security service, 55.2% have a couple. The 57.7% are able to do daily basic activities independently. 174 (47.8%) of the subjects suffered a fall in the last six months, the most frequent places were inside home (75%), patio (23%), bedroom (15.75%), and the bathroom (12%). An 83% have low risk to suffering a fall inside home, 15.1% medium risk, and 2% high risk. Women (63.2%), mainly with overweight (42%), and those living with a couple (50.6%) have more tendency to falling down. The main risk factors for falling are carpets not fixed to the floor, a lack of bath mat in the bathrooms, no switch, no banister or light in the stairs, chairs in bad condition, objects out of hand; those who use drugs (68.4%), for being sick (60.9%), or with a functional dependence (57.5%) have higher risk for falling. The 60% of the adults are afraid of falling again. Conclusions Both the elderly and their relatives have to be aware of the danger inside home, therefore the importance of increase health promotion to prevent diseases and disabilities due to accidents and fallings.
Résumé Objectif Estimer l´état fonctionnel et de la santé dans l´adultes âgés et déterminer causes et facteurs associés aux chutes au foyer. Matériaux et méthodes Étude descriptif et transversal, réalisait en 13 communautés de l´état de Tlaxcala, avec une signe de 364 adultes majeurs de 65 ans d´âge. S´appliqué un questionnaire pour déterminer le degré de fonctionnalité et santé, et connaitre les facteurs de risque au foyer. L´information s´analysait au paquet statistique SPSS v21. Résultats 55.5% de les sujets sont femmes, 44.4% sont maitresses de maison, le rang d´âge prédominant était de 65 à 69 ans, 67.3% habitent dans un aire urban, 47.5% racontent avec assurance populaire, et 55.2% habitent ensemble. 57.7% est indépendant pour réaliser activites basiques de la vie quotidienne. 174 (47.8%) avaient quelque chute dans les derniers six mois, fréquemment dans la maison (75%), dans le cour (23%), dans la chambre (15.75), et dans la salle de bain (12%). 83% a un peu de risque de souffrir chutes, 15.1% moyenne risque, et 2% haut risque. Les femmes (63.2%), principalement en surpoids, et ces qui habitent avec un couple (50.6%) soufrent plus chutes. Les principaux facteurs de risque sont l´usage de tapis que ne sont pas fixe, faute de tapis anti dérapé dans la salle de bain, escaliers qui manquent de lumière de mains courant, chaises dans un mauvais état, et difficulté pour acquérir des objects hauts, qui consomment des médicaments (68.4%), à cause d´une maladie (60.9%), ont quelque dépendance fonctionnelle (57.5%), ou ont majeur propension pour les chutes. 60% de adultes âgés mentionne quónt peur de retomber. Conclusion C´est nécessaire conscientiser à adultes âgés et à sa famille de modifier sa ambiance domestique pour minimiser les dangers, promouvoir la santé, prévoir maladies et incapacités de l´adulte avec l´objectif de diminuer risques de souffrir accidents et chutes.
Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o estado funcional e de saúde dos idosos e determinar causas e fatores associados a quedas em casa´. Material e métodos Estudo descritivo e transversal, realizado em 13 comunidades do Estado de Tlaxcala, com uma amostra de 364 adultos acima de 65 anos. Um questionário foi aplicado para determinar o grau de funcionalidade e saúde e para conhecer os fatores de risco de quedas em casa. As informações foram analisadas no pacote estatístico SPSS v21. Resultados O 55,5% dos sujeitos são mulheres, 44,4% donas de casa, a faixa etária predominante foi de 65 a 69 anos, 67,3% moram em áreas urbanas, 47,5% possuem sistema único de saúde e 55,2% vivem como um casal. O 57,7% são independentes para realizar as atividades básicas da vida cotidiana. 174 (47,8%) tiveram alguma queda nos últimos seis meses, na maioria das vezes dentro de casa (75%), quintal (23%), quarto (15,75) e banheiro (12%). O 83% têm pouco risco de cair, 15,1% risco médio e 2% risco alto. As mulheres (63,2%), principalmente com sobrepeso (42%) e as que vivem em casal (50,6%) sofrem mais quedas. Os principais fatores de risco são o uso de tapetes não fixos, falta de tapete antiderrapante no banheiro, escadas sem luz ou corrimão, cadeiras em mau estado e dificuldade em alcançar objetos altos; Aqueles que consomem medicamentos (68,4%), para algumas doenças (60,9%), ou possuem alguma dependência funcional (57,5%), têm maior propensão a quedas. 60% dos idosos mencionaram que têm medo de cair novamente. Conclusão É necessário sensibilizar aos idosos e suas famílias para modificar o ambiente doméstico, a fim de minimizar os perigos, promover a saúde, prevenir doenças e incapacidades do idoso, a fim de reduzir os riscos de acidentes e quedas.
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Resumen Objetivo: Proponer un modelo de intervención para disminuir casos de diarrea, parasitosis y anemia en menores de 5 años. Materiales y Métodos: El trabajo tiene dos partes, una diagnóstica y la otra es propositiva. La primera se refiere a un programa de intervención, de diseño pre experimental con pre y pos prueba. Participaron 40 niños. Para el grupo experimental se realizó un programa de intervención. La efectividad del programa se identificó con la prueba estadística de T-Student y Mc Nemar, según prueba de normalidad. La parte propositiva corresponde al Modelo de intervención con estrategias, basado en el enfoque filosófico de la Concepción Metodológica Dialéctica y el pensamiento de Enrique Pichón Riviére. Resultados: En la fase diagnóstica, para el caso de anemia el grupo experimental demostró disminución con diferencia bilateral de 0,00 con p<0,05. Para el caso de parasitosis intestinal y diarreas el grupo experimental presentó disminución con diferencia bilateral de 0,001 con p<0,05. La fase propositiva corresponde al Modelo de intervención cuyos pilares son: Educación y diálogo, cambio conductual, empoderamiento y gestión intersectorial. Conclusiones: El modelo de intervención con estrategias preventivas, basado en la experiencia del programa desarrollado, permitirá disminuir casos de diarreas, parasitosis y anemia en menores de cinco años.
Abstract Objective: To propose an intervention model to reduce cases of diarrhea, parasites and anemia in children under 5 years of age. Method: This work has two parts, one diagnostic and the other is proactive. The first refers to an intervention program, pre-experimental design with pre and post test. 40 children participated. For the experimental group an intervention program was carried out. The effectiveness of the program was identified with the statistical test of T-Student and Mc Nemar, according to the normality test. The purposive part corresponds to the Intervention Model with strategies, based on the philosophical approach of the Dialectical Methodological Conception and the thinking of Enrique Pichón Riviére. Results: In the diagnostic phase, in the case of anemia, the experimental group showed a decrease with a bilateral difference of 0.00 with p <0.05. In the case of intestinal parasitosis and diarrhea, the experimental group showed a decrease with a bilateral difference of 0.001 with p <0.05. The purposed phase corresponds to the intervention model whose pillars are: education and dialogue, behavioral change, empowerment and intersectoral management. Conclusions: The intervention model with preventive strategies, based on the experience of the developed program, will allow to reduce cases of diarrhea, parasitosis and anemia in children under five years.
Resumo Objetivo: Propor um modelo de intervenção para reduzir os casos de diarreia, parasitoses e anemia em crianças menores de 5 anos de idade. Método: O trabalho tem duas partes, uma diagnóstica e outra de intervenção. O primeiro refere-se a um programa de intervenção, com desenho pré-experimental com pré e pós teste. Participaram 40 crianças. Para o grupo experimental foi realizado um programa de intervenção. A eficácia do programa verificou-se através do teste estatístico de T-Student e Mc Nemar, de acordo com o teste de normalidade. A parte propositiva corresponde ao Modelo de Intervenção com estratégias, baseado na abordagem filosófica da Conceção Metodológica Dialética e no pensamento de Enrique Pichón Riviére. Resultados: Na fase diagnóstica, no caso de anemia, o grupo experimental apresentou uma diminuição com uma diferença bilateral de 0,00 com p <0,05. No caso de parasitose intestinal e da diarreia, o grupo experimental apresentou uma diminuição com diferença bilateral de 0,001 com p <0,05. A fase propositiva corresponde ao modelo de intervenção cujos pilares são: educação e diálogo, mudança de comportamento, empoderamento e gestão intersetorial. Conclusões: O modelo de intervenção com estratégias preventivas, baseado na experiência do programa desenvolvido, permitirá reducir os casos de diarreia, parasitose e anemia em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade.
Résumé Objectif: Proposer un modèle d'intervention pour réduire les cas de diarrhée, parasitose et anémie chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans. Méthode: ce travail comporte deux parties, l'une diagnostique et l'autre proactive La première partie fait référence à un programme d'intervention, à une conception pré-expérimentale avec pré-test et post-test. 40 enfants ont participé. Pour le groupe expérimental, un programme d'intervention a été réalisé. L'efficacité du programme a été identifiée avec le test statistique de T-Student et Mc Nemar, selon le test de normalité. La partie proposition correspond au modèle d'intervention avec des stratégies, basé sur l'approche philosophique de la conception méthodologique dialectique et de la pensée d'Enrique Pichón Riviére. Résultats: Dans la phase de diagnostic, dans le cas d'anémie, le groupe expérimental a montré une diminution avec une différence bilatérale de 0,00 avec p <0,05. Dans le cas de parasitose intestinale et de diarrhée, le groupe expérimental a montré une diminution avec une différence bilatérale de 0,001 avec p <0,05. La phase proposée correspond au modèle d'intervention dont les piliers sont: l'éducation et le dialogue, le changement de comportement, l'autonomisation et la gestion intersectorielle. Conclusions: Le modèle d'intervention avec stratégies préventives, basé sur l'expérience du programme développé, permettra de réduire les cas de diarrhée, parasitose et anémie chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans.
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O objetivo deste estudo, de natureza exploratória e descritiva, foi analisar a percepção de dez profissionais da educação sobre mecanismos promotores e fatores que dificultam a resiliência acadêmica no ensino fundamental. As informações foram obtidas utilizando-se um questionário. A análise dos dados foi pautada na abordagem qualitativa proposta por Bardin. Os resultados foram: a) mecanismos de proteção: diálogo, trabalho junto a órgãos de proteção, participação dos pais, inserção de um psicólogo no ambiente escolar; b) fatores de risco: problemas familiares, violência, questões financeiras, falta de amor à profissão e ao aluno. A escola estudada pode ser caracterizada como resiliente, reflexiva e dinâmica.
The purpose of this exploratory and descriptive study was to analyze the perception of ten educational professionals about mechanisms that promote and obstruct academic resilience in elementary education. The information was obtained using a questionnaire. Data analysis was based on the qualitative approach proposed by Bardin. The results were: a) protection mechanisms: dialogue, work with protection agencies, parental participation, insertion of a psychologist in the school environment; b) risk factors: family problems, violence, financial issues, lack of love for the profession and the student. The school studied can be characterized as resilient, reflexive and dynamic.
El objetivo de este estudio, de naturaleza exploratoria y descriptiva, fue analizar la percepción de diez profesionales de la educación bajo mecanismos promotores y factores que dificultan la resiliencia académica en la enseñanza primaria. Las informaciones fueron obtenidas utilizando un cuestionario. El análisis de los datos fue basado en el enfoque cualitativo propuesto por Bardin. Los resultados fueron: a) mecanismos de protección: dialogo, trabajo junto a órganos de protección, participación de los padres, presencia de un psicólogo en el ambiente escolar; b) factores de riesgo: problemas familiares, violencia, cuestiones financieras, falta de amor a la profesión y al alumno. La escuela estudiada puede ser caracterizada como resiliente, reflexiva y dinámica.
Le but de cette étude exploratoire et descriptive a été d'analyser la perception de dix professionnels de l'éducation sur les mécanismes qui favorisent et entravent la résilience scolaire dans l'enseignement élémentaire. Les informations ont été obtenues à l'aide d'un questionnaire. L'analyse des données a été basée sur l'approche qualitative proposée par Bardin. Les résultats ont été les suivants: a) mécanismes de protection: dialogue, travail avec les agences de protection, participation des parents, insertion d'un psychologue dans l'environnement scolaire; b) facteurs de risque: problèmes familiaux, violence, problèmes financiers, manque d'amour pour le métier et pour les étudiants. L'école étudiée peut être caractérisée comme résilient, réflexive et dynamique.
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Abstract Objective: To estímate the smoking prevalence; characterize smoking adolescents linked to tobacco use; describe the studied adolescents according to individual and familiar factors related with smoking, and to identify the risk and protective factors against tobacco at home. Materials and Methods: Analytic transversal study in two phases: descriptive and analytic, from January to December 2016 in the urban zone of the working health areaof the "Pedro Esperón Policlinic", in Bauta, Artemisa, Cuba. The universe was 4773 adolescents between 10 and 19 years old and the sample was 348 adolescents;one of their parents or tutors were chosen by conglomerates samples. To obtain the information,questionnaires wereconstructed, observation and survey were used. The statistics techniques: Chi square test of independence, Chi square test of homogeneity and logistic regression were used to analyze the independent association among factors linked to the present use of tobacco.Ethical principles were considered. Results: High smoking prevalence (14, 080 %), early starting age of tobacco consumption (13,5 years), motives to initiate: influenced by other people, mostly friends (46,9 %) and fashion or curiosity (42,9 %). The 61,2 % smoked cigarettes occasionally; the usual places for consumption were: celebrations 69,4 %, friends' homes 57,1 % and public roads 55,1 %. Adolescents generally smoked with friends 83,7 %. Self-esteem and permissive family are risk factors, while the number of people living together with the adolescents are a protective factor. Conclusions: A poor self-value and the permissibility of parents and tutors, are confirmed boosters for tobacco consumption in Cuban adolescents, which is similar to what has been described previously.
Resumen Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia del tabaquismo, caracterizar a los adolescentes fumadores según consumo de tabaco, describir los adolescentes estudiados según factores individuales y familiares relacionados con el tabaquismo e identificar los factores de riesgo y protectores del tabaquismo en el hogar. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico transversal en dos fases: descriptiva y analítica, de enero a diciembre de 2016, en la zona urbana del área de salud del policlínico "Pedro Esperón" en Bauta, Artemisa, Cuba. El universo constituido por 4,773 adolescentes entre 10 y 19 años de edad y la muestra de 348 adolescentes, y uno de sus padres o tutor, seleccionado por muestreo por conglomerados. Para la obtención de la información se construyeron cuestionarios; y se empleó la observación y la entrevista. Como técnicas estadísticas: Ji cuadrado de independencia y homogeneidad y regresión logística. Se tuvo en cuenta los principios éticos. Resultados: Elevada prevalencia de tabaquismo (14, 080 %), temprana edad de inicio al consumo de tabaco (13,5 años); motivos de inicio: influencia de otras personas, fundamentalmente amigos (46,9 %) y moda o curiosidad, (42, 9 %). El 61,2 % consume cigarrillos de forma ocasional, lugares de consumo más común: espacios para celebrar 69,4 %, hogar de amigos 57,1 % y la vía pública, 55,1 %. Generalmente fuman con amigos 83,7 %. Autoestima y permisividad de la familia como factores de riesgo y cantidad de personas que conviven con los adolescentes como factor protector. Conclusiones: La pobre valoración de si mismoy la permisividad de los padres y tutores con relación a fumar, se confirman como favorecedores de la probabilidad del consumo de tabaco en los adolescentes cubanos, muy similares a los que describe la literatura.
Resumo Objetivo: Estimar a prevalencia do tabagismo, caracterizar os adolescentes segundo o consumo do tabaco, descrever os adolescentes de acordo com fatores individuais e familiares relacionados ao tabagismo e identificar os fatores de risco e de proteçáo do tabagismo no domicilio. Materiais e métodos: Estudo analítico transversal, realizado em duas fases: descritivo e analítico de janeiro a dezembro de 2016, na área urbana da policlínica "Pedro Esperon", em Bauta, Artemisa, Cuba. O universo é composto por 4773 adolescentes entre os 10 e 19 anos de idade. A amostra é composta por 348 adolescentes em conjunto com um dos seus pais, encarregado de educação, selecionados por amostragem por cluster. Para obter os dados, construi-se um questionário, associando a observação e a entrevista. Como técnicas estatísticas utilizou-se o Qui quadrado e a regressão logística. Os principios éticos foram tomados em consideração. Resultados: Alta prevalência de tabagismo (14, 080 %), idade precoce para iniciar o tabaco (13,5 anos); as razões para a sua iniciação: influência de outras pessoas, principalmente amigos (46,9 %) e moda ou curiosidade, (42, 9 %) 61,2 % usam cigarros ocasionais, locais de consumo mais comuns: espaços para comemorar 69, 4 %, casa de amigos 57,1 % e via pública, 55,1 %. Geralmente fumar com amigos 83,7 %. Auto-estima e permissividade familiar como fatores de risco e número de pessoas que vivem com adolescentes como fator de proteção. Conclusões: A falta de auto-avaliação, a permissividade dos pais ou responsáveis em relação ao tabagismo foram confirmadas como favorecendo o tabagismo em adolescentes cubanos, resultados muito semelhantes aos descritos na literatura.
Résumé Objectif: Estimer la prévalence du tabagisme, caractériser les fumeurs adolescents selon leur consommation de tabac, décrire les adolescents étudiés selon certains facteurs individuels et familiaux liés au tabagisme et identifier les facteurs de risque et de protection du tabagisme dans leur foyer familial. Matériel et méthodes: Étude analytique transversale en deux phases, descriptive et analytique, réalisée de janvier a décembre 2016, dans la zone urbaine du secteur de santé de la policlinique «Pedro Esperón¼ a Bauta, Artemisa, Cuba. L'univers était composé de 4.773 adolescents agés de 10 a 19 ans. L'échantillon, sélectionné par grappes, incluait 348 adolescents et, pour chacun d'eux, un parent ou tuteur. Pour obtenir l'information, des questionnaires ont été élaborés, et l'observation et l'entrevue ont été utilisées. L'analyse statistique a été réalisée avec les tests d'indépendance du Chi carré et d'homogénéité, et la régression logistique. Les principes éthiques ont été pris en compte. Résultats: Forte prévalence du tabagisme (14,080 %) et age précoce d'initiation au tabac (13,5 ans); motifs de l'initiation: influence d'autres personnes, principalement d'amis (46,9 %), mode ou curiosité (42,9 %). 61,2 % consomment des cigarettes occasionnellement. Les lieux de consommation les plus courants sont les espaces de réunions festives (69,4 %), chez des amis (57,1%) et sur la voie publique (55,1 %). Habituellement, les adolescents fument avec des amis (83,7 %.). Les facteurs de risques sont l'estime de soi et la permissivité de la famille. Le nombre de personnes vivant avec les adolescents est un facteur de protection. Conclusions: L'étude permet de confirmer que la faible estime de soi et la permissivité des parents et des tuteurs en ce qui concerne le tabac augmente la probabilité de sa consommation chez les adolescents cubains, de façon tres similaire a ce qui est décrit dans la littérature.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage of potential pathogens in geographically isolated Warao Amerindians in Venezuela. METHODS: In this point prevalence survey, nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from 1064 Warao Amerindians: 504 children aged 0-4 years, 227 children aged 5-10 years and 333 caregivers. Written questionnaires were completed to obtain information on demographics and environmental risk factors. Anthropometric measurements were performed in children aged 0-4 years. RESULTS: Carriage rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis were 51%, 7%, 1% and 13%, respectively. Crowding index, method of cooking and tobacco exposure were not associated with increased carriage. In multivariable analysis, an increase in height-for-age Z score (i.e. improved chronic nutritional status) was associated with decreased odds of S. pneumoniae colonisation (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.70-0.83) in children aged 0-4 years. CONCLUSIONS: Better knowledge of demographic and environmental risk factors facilitates better understanding of the dynamics of colonisation with respiratory bacteria in an Amerindian population. Poor chronic nutritional status was associated with increased pathogen carriage in children <5 years of age. The high rates of stunting generally observed in indigenous children may fuel the acquisition of respiratory bacteria that can lead to respiratory and invasive disease.
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Portador Sadio , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Transtornos do Crescimento/complicações , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Nasofaringe/microbiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/etiologia , Staphylococcus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Adolescente , Adulto , Estatura , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Nutricional , Prevalência , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologia , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Venezuela , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Chagas disease in pregnant women in an endemic area of Santander, Colombia. METHODS: Cross-sectional study included 23 municipalities of Santander, Colombia. Serological IFAT and ELISA tests were undertaken to detect IgG anti- Trypanosoma cruzi. A questionnaire was conducted for assessing the risk factors of each participant. Newborns were evaluated at birth and followed up to 1 year of age to determine congenital infection. RESULTS: An overall prevalence of 3.2% (95% CI 2.4-4.2) among 1518 pregnant women was detected. Prevalences by provinces were as follows: Guanentina: 6.0% (95% CI 4.1-8.5), García Rovira: 2.9% (95% CI: 1.5-4.8) and Comunera: 0.4% (0.4-2.3). The main risk factors identified were age >32 years old (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1-3.9); currently having a thatched roof (OR: 11.8; CI95% 2.2-63.2) and a thatched roof during childhood (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.4-6.6); having below primary school education level (OR: 4.6; 95% CI: 2.2-9.5); and a history of a close contact with the vector (triatomine bugs) at least once during their lifetime (OR: 6.9; 95% CI: 3.7-12.9). No congenital cases were detected by parasitological or serological techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of Chagas disease in pregnant women is a potential source of infection in this Colombian endemic area. The main risk factors associated with seropositivity were related to conditions favouring the contact with the vector. The results show that it is necessary to continue an active surveillance in order to offer diagnosis and treatment to mothers and their newborns in addition to screening to pregnant women from endemic areas.
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O objetivo do presente artigo consiste em apresentar um modelo reducionista e o modelo multinível com relação à explicação etiológica dos transtornos mentais, a partir do exemplar da esquizofrenia, considerando-se os alcances e limites destes modelos. Ao final do artigo, são extraídas algumas implicações ético-políticas para a psiquiatria.(AU)
The aim of this paper is to present a reductionist model and the multilevel model for the etiological explanation of mental disorders, based on the example of schizophrenia and by taking into account the scope and limits of those models. To conclude, some ethical and political implications for psychiatry are singled out.(AU)
Le but de cet article est de présenter un modèle réductionniste et le modèle à multi-niveaux pour lexplication étiologique des troubles mentaux, illustrés par lexemple de la schizophrénie et en tenant compte de la portée et des restrictions que ces modèles présentent. Quelques implications éthiques et politiques pour la psychiatrie en sont extraites en guise de conclusion.(AU)
El propósito de este artículo consiste en presentar el modelo reduccionista y el modelo multinivel con respecto a la explicación etiológica de los trastornos mentales desde el ejemplo de la esquizofrenia, teniendo en cuenta los alcances y los límites de estos modelos. Al final del artículo, se extraen algunas implicaciones éticas y políticas para la psiquiatría.(AU)
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Humanos , Esquizofrenia , Fatores de Risco , Análise MultinívelRESUMO
O objetivo do presente artigo consiste em apresentar um modelo reducionista e o modelo multinível com relação à explicação etiológica dos transtornos mentais, a partir do exemplar da esquizofrenia, considerando-se os alcances e limites destes modelos. Ao final do artigo, são extraídas algumas implicações ético-políticas para a psiquiatria.
The aim of this paper is to present a reductionist model and the multilevel model for the etiological explanation of mental disorders, based on the example of schizophrenia and by taking into account the scope and limits of those models. To conclude, some ethical and political implications for psychiatry are singled out.
Le but de cet article est de présenter un modèle réductionniste et le modèle à multi-niveaux pour l’explication étiologique des troubles mentaux, illustrés par l’exemple de la schizophrénie et en tenant compte de la portée et des restrictions que ces modèles présentent. Quelques implications éthiques et politiques pour la psychiatrie en sont extraites en guise de conclusion.
El propósito de este artículo consiste en presentar el modelo reduccionista y el modelo multinivel con respecto a la explicación etiológica de los trastornos mentales desde el ejemplo de la esquizofrenia, teniendo en cuenta los alcances y los límites de estos modelos. Al final del artículo, se extraen algunas implicaciones éticas y políticas para la psiquiatría.
Dieser Artikel beschreibt ein reduktionistisches Modell und das Mehrebenenmodell für die ätiologische Erklärung psychischer Störungen und benutzt als Beispiel die Schizophrenie, unter Berücksichtigung der Anwendungsbereiche und Begrenzungen dieser Modelle. Abschließend werden ethische und politische Schlussfolgerungen für die Psychiatrie erläutert.
本文章的目的是提供一个还原模式和多层次的模型解释精神障碍的病因，尤其精神分裂症，并考虑其范围和界限。在文章结束时提取精神病学一些伦理和政治影响。.
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BACKGROUND: Traditional risk factors are strong predictors of the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD), but their association with disease severity remains controversial and could differ across ethnic groups. AIMS: In this study, we assessed the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) in Afro-Caribbean patients with documented CAD, and sought to identify which of these factors are related to disease severity. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 420 consecutive patients with CAD. Disease severity was determined from the results of invasive coronary angiography, based on the presence or absence of multiple (two or three) diseased vessels and the myocardial jeopardy (MJ) score. RESULTS: In the studied population (mean age 64.7 ± 12.4 years), hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia were the most frequent modifiable CRFs, present in 75.9, 47.8 and 37.8% of patients, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes, male sex and personal cardiovascular history significantly increased the risk of multivessel CAD: odds ratios (ORs) of 1.53 (1.01-2.33; P=0.048), 1.61 (1.02-2.55; P=0.043) and 1.68 (1.11-2.56; P=0.015), respectively. Obesity was an independent negative predictor, with an OR of 0.48 (0.29-0.79; P=0.004). Other traditional CRFs (hypertension, dyslipidaemia, smoking, age and family history of vascular disease) were not associated with CAD severity. For high-risk lesions (MJ score ≥8), both diabetes and hypertension were independent predictors of disease severity, whereas obesity was no longer a protective factor. CONCLUSION: Diabetes emerged as the strongest modifiable risk factor predictor of multivessel disease in Afro-Caribbean patients, whereas obesity was an independent protective factor. The underlying mechanisms of these associations should be relevant to disease prevention.
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Doença da Artéria Coronariana/etnologia , Idoso , População Negra , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Angiografia Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus/etnologia , Guadalupe/epidemiologia , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Obesidade/etnologia , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Fatores de Proteção , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Early premature delivery is more prevalent in overseas territories than in continental France. Many differences are observed between pregnant women in France and in Martinique which may explain the higher preterm birth rate in the latter territory. The study compares prevalence of possible risk factors in preterm and term deliveries in Martinique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted during two years (2010-2011). All deliveries before 30 weeks were included and several characteristics were compared with a group of term deliveries during the same period. All premature deliveries before 30 weeks were collected but only spontaneous ones were analysed. RESULTS: Fifty deliveries before 30 weeks were recorded, among which 38 were spontaneous. Only a significantly higher prevalence of previous preterm delivery (OR=4.1 [1.3-13]) and twin pregnancies (OR=26.6 [3.19-219.6]) was found in the study group. Gram negative bacterial species were also more prevalent in vaginal sampling of preterm deliveries (OR=23.3 [2.7-204.6]). CONCLUSION: Factors linked to prematurity before 30 weeks in Martinique are classical. Several features are different between pregnant women in France and in Martinique but do not appear as risk factors for prematurity in the latter territory.
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Trabalho de Parto Prematuro/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Martinica/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Nascimento Prematuro/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introducción: la osteoartritis de rodilla es uno de los trastornos articulares más comunes e incapacitantes del sistema musculoesquelético, que afecta a cualquier grupo étnico y ocasiona grados variables de discapacidad. Diversos factores de riesgo se han relacionado con el desarrollo y la progresión de la enfermedad como son la edad, los factores genéticos, factores ocupacionales, traumatismos, la menopausia, diabetes mellitus, obesidad, el género, la mala alineación de las extremidades, entre otros más. La distinción de estos factores en forma individual o conjunta es importante con el fin de prevenir o diagnosticar y tratar en forma temprana la enfermedad. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia y asociación de factores de riesgo con la osteoartritis de rodilla en población mexicana de casos y controles. Métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio de casos y controles analizando la asociación entre diferentes factores de riesgo y la osteoartritis primaria de rodilla, de febrero 2010 a febrero 2012. Se incluyó un total de 440 personas que fueron evaluadas por dos ortopedistas, estableciendo en 218 de ellas el diagnóstico de osteoartritis de rodilla sobre la base de los criterios del Colegio Americano de Reumatología y los criterios radiológicos de Kellgren y Lawrence. También se incluyeron 222 controles sanos. Resultados: en este estudio, la edad y la menopausia se asociaron como factores de riesgo significativos para el desarrollo de osteoartritis de rodilla (p= 0,00, OR 2,107, IC 95 por ciento 1,338-3,320; p= 0,002, OR 2,722, IC 95 por ciento 1,464-5,060, respectivamente). El tabaquismo se asoció como factor de protección en mujeres (p= 0,025, OR 0,408, IC 95 por ciento 0,186-0,892). Conclusiones: hasta nuestro conocimiento, este es el primer estudio de casos y controles en mexicanos, en el cual los resultados sugieren a la menopausia y a la edad como factores de riesgo en la probabilidad del desarrollo de la osteoartritis de rodilla(AU)
Introduction: knee osteoarthritis is one of the most common and disabling joint disorders of the musculoskeletal system that affects any ethnic group and causes diverse degrees of disability. Different risk factors have been related to the development and progression of the disease such as age, genetic factors, occupational factors, trauma, menopause, diabetes mellitus, obesity, gender and bad alignment of the extremities among others. The distinction of these factors in an individual or group form is important in order to prevent or diagnose and treat the disease and make an early diagnosis of it. Objective: to determine the frequency and association of risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in a case-control study in a Mexican population. Methods: a case-control study was performed by analyzing the association between different risk factors and the primary knee osteoarthritis from February 2010 to February 2012. A total of 440 people that were assessed by Orthopaedics were included establishing, in 218 of them, the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis according to The American College of Rheumatology and Kellgren-Lawrence radiologic criteria. 222 healthy controls were included as well. Results: in this study, age and menopause were associated as significant risk factors for the development of knee osteoarthritis (p= 0.00, OR 2.107, CI 95 percent 1.338-3.320; p= 0.002, OR 2.722, CI 95 percent 1.464-5.060, respectively). Smoking habit was associated as a protective factor in women (p= 0.025, OR 0.408, CI 95 percent 0.186-0.892). Conclusions: to our knowledge, this is the first case-control study in Mexicans which results suggest menopause and age as risk factors for the probability to develop knee osteoarthritis(AU)
Introduction: l'ostéoarthrite de genou est l'un des troubles articulaires les plus fréquemment trouvés, affectant n'importe quel groupe ethnique et provoquant différents degrés d'infirmité. Plusieurs facteurs de risque sont associés au développement et à la progression de la maladie, telles que l'âge, les facteurs génétiques, les facteurs occupationnels, les traumatismes, la ménopause, le diabète sucré, l'obésité, le sexe, la malformation des membres, etc. La distinction de ces facteurs de façon individuelle ou conjointe est importante, afin de prévenir ou diagnostiquer et traiter opportunément la maladie. But: déterminer la fréquence et la relation des facteurs de risque avec l'ostéoarthrite de genou dans une population mexicaine de cas et de témoins. Méthodes: une étude de cas-témoins pour analyser la relation existant entre différents facteurs de risque et l'ostéoarthrite primaire de genou a été réalisée de février 2010 à février 2012. On a inclus un total de 440 personnes (évaluées par deux orthopédistes), dont 218 ont été diagnostiquées d'ostéoarthrite de genou sur la base des critères du Collège américain de rhumatologie et des critères radiologiques de Kellgren et Lawrence. On a aussi inclus 222 témoins sains. Résultats: dans cette étude, l'âge et la ménopause sont associées comme facteurs de risque significatifs au développement de l'ostéoarthrite de genou (respectivement, p= 0,00, OR 2,107, IC 95% 1,338-3,320; p=0,002, OR 2,722, IC 95 pourcent 1,464-5,060). Le tabagisme est associé comme facteur de protection chez les femmes (p=0,025, OR 0,408, IC 95 pourcent 0,186-0,892). Conclusions: jusqu'à maintenant, c'est la première étude mexicaine de cas-témoins, dans laquelle ses résultats évoquent la ménopause et l'âge comme facteurs de risque de l'ostéoarthrite de genou(AU)
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Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Osteoartrite do Joelho/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e ControlesRESUMO
El ballet es un deporte que se está practicando frecuentemente. Los bailarines están expuestos y tienen factores predisponentes para lesiones deportivas. Por tal razón se hizo una revisión de la literatura para mostrar un enfoque general de los factores de riesgo, la incidencia de lesiones y su distribución en los bailarines de ballet. Existen varios factores de riesgo para lesiones como el arco de movimiento, anomalías anatómicas, técnica de baile, disciplina de baile, estabilidad postural. Anualmente se lesionan alrededor de 50 po ciento de los bailarines y la mayoría son adolescentes. Las lesiones más frecuentes son por sobreuso y ocurren principalmente en los miembros inferiores. Se concluye que necesitan una atención especial como grupo ocupacional, más información sobre los factores de riesgo y las posibilidades de diseñar programas de prevención(AU)
Ballet is a sport that is being practiced frequently. Dancers are exposed to sport injuries and have predisposing factors for them. For that reason, we made a literature review to show a general approach of risk factors, incidence of injuries and their distribution in ballet dancers. There are several risk factors for injuries such as arch movement, anatomic anomalies, dancing techniques, dancing discipline and postural stability. About the 50 percent of dancers present injuries each year and the majority of them are adolescents. The most frequent ones occur as a result of overuse and are mainly located in the lower extremities. We conclude that they need a special attention as occupational group, more information about risk factors and that there should be more possibilities to design prevention programs on this respect(AU)
Le ballet est des nos jours une pratique habituelle. Les danseurs sont exposés à des lésions dites du sport. C'est pourquoi, on a fait une révision de la littérature afin de montrer une approche générale aux facteurs de risque, à l'incidence des lésions et à leur localisation. Ils existent plusieurs facteurs de risque tels que les anomalies anatomiques, la technique de la danse, la discipline de la danse, la stabilité posturale. Chaque année, 50 pourcent des danseurs se lèsent, et la plupart sont des adolescents. Les lésions les plus fréquemment trouvées sont dues au surentraînement, et se localisent au niveau des membres inférieurs. On conclu que comme groupe occupationnel ils ont besoin d'un soin spécialisé, de plus d'information sur les facteurs de risque, et de la possibilité de participer à la conception des programmes de prévention(AU)
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Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Fatores de Risco , Dança/lesões , Fraturas de Estresse , Traumatismos do Joelho/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the environmental and ecological factors associated with Leishmania transmission and vector abundance in Chaparral, Tolima-Colombia. METHODS: First, we compared the ecological characteristics, abundance of phlebotomies and potential reservoir hosts in the peridomestic environment (100 m radius) of randomly selected houses, between two townships with high and low cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence. Second, we examined peridomestic correlates of phlebotomine abundance in all 43 houses in the higher risk township. RESULTS: The high transmission township had higher coverage of forest (23%vs. 8.4%) and shade coffee (30.7%vs. 11%), and less coffee monoculture (16.8%vs. 26.2%) and pasture (6.3%vs. 12.3%), compared to the low transmission township. Lutzomyia were more abundant in the high transmission township 2.5 vs. 0.2/trap/night. Lutzomyia longiflocosa was the most common species in both townships: 1021/1450 (70%) and 39/80 (49%). Numbers of potential wild mammal reservoirs were small, although four species were found to be infected with Leishmania (Viannia) spp. In the high transmission township, the overall peridomiciliary capture rate of L. longiflocosa was 1.5/trap/night, and the abundance was higher in houses located nearer to forest (ρ = -0.30, P = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings are consistent with a domestic transmission cycle with the phlebotomies dependent on dense vegetation near the house.
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Vetores de Doenças , Meio Ambiente , Leishmania , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Mamíferos/parasitologia , Psychodidae/parasitologia , Árvores , Agricultura , Animais , Animais Selvagens/parasitologia , Coffea , Colômbia , Ecologia , Habitação , Humanos , Leishmaniose Cutânea/transmissão , PoaceaeRESUMO
Es bien sabido que las Ciencias sociales estudian el fenómeno de la violencia intrafamiliar desde el enfoque de los factores de riesgo, y que el abordaje terapéutico que proponen a menudo parte de una concepción victimizante que suele traducirse en abordajes asistencialistas. En contraste, el psicoanálisis ofrece una perspectiva diversa que está centrada en la simbolización de las tendencias agresivas que presenta todo ser humano, en el cuestionamiento de la posición victimizante que suelen asumir las víctimas de estos abusos y en la consecuente promoción de la responsabilidad subjetiva de los personajes que hacen parte de la situación de violencia intrafamiliar...
It is well-know the social sciences studies the domestic violence phenomenon from the approach of risk factors, as well as the therapeutic process that often propose some assailant conception translated into asistentialistic process. Otherwise, the psychoanalysis offer a different perspective, base on the symbolization of aggressive tendencies that all human being carry, in the question for the assailant position that victims often take from this assaults and the consistent promotion of subjective responsibility of the characters that take part in the domestic violence situation...
Il est bien connu que les sciences sociales étudient le phénomène de la violence à lintérieur des familles du point de vue des facteurs à risque, et que lapproche thérapeutique proposé est souvent fondé sur une conception victimisatrice traduite par des abordages dassistance. De son côté, la psychanalyse offre une perspective différente centrée sur la symbolisation des tendances agressives que tous les êtres humains ont. Ceci est fait par la mise en question de la position victimisatrice prise souvent par les victimes de ces abus et par la promotion de la responsabilité subjective des personnages qui font partie de la situation de violence intra-familière...