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This article aims at raising awareness about the intersection of populism and bioethics. It argues that illiberal forms of populism may have negative consequences on the evolution of bioethics as a discipline and on its practical objectives. It identifies at least seven potential negative effects: (1) The rise of populist leaders fosters "epistemological populism," devaluing the expert and scientific perspectives on which bioethics is usually based, potentially steering policies away from evidence-based foundations. (2) The impact of "moral populism" is evident in legislative prioritization of the "morality of common people," often solicited through popular consultations on issues like abortion, drug legalization, or LGBT issues. (3) Populist distrust in autonomous governmental agencies and advisory bodies, including national bioethics commissions, can compromise expert advice, challenging both their authority and decisions. (4) Populists may erode transparency by undermining institutions responsible for it, hindering access to vital information for bioethical research. (5) "Medical populism" creates adversarial dynamics, prompting politicians to make simplistic healthcare policy decisions based on political rather than informed criteria, adversely affecting vulnerable populations. (6) Radical-right populist parties' "welfare chauvinism" may shape healthcare policies, impacting service access and resource allocation, disproportionately affecting vulnerable groups such as migrants, but indirectly affecting the rest of the population. (7) Nationalist sentiments associated with populism may obstruct international collaborations, posing challenges for global bioethics that seeks to address ethical concerns beyond national borders. In summary, these dynamics raise significant bioethical concerns encompassing evidence-based decision-making, transparency, healthcare equity, and global collaboration. How bioethicists may respond to these challenges is discussed.

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This article aims to show how incorrect ideas about COVID-19 were promoted by physicians in Brazil, contributing to a catastrophic response at the cost of hundreds of thousands of lives, and to examine the implications of this episode for the social studies of science, technology and medicine. The literature on the relationship between science and society takes two broad approaches, which are sometimes at odds with each other: (i) there is a traditional critique of science that points to unsupported claims of certainty and thus undue interference in general human affairs; (ii) there are many examples of attempts to undermine reasonable scientific claims, when they clash with economic and/or political interests of certain groups. Navigating those extremes is particularly critical in situations in which accurate knowledge is necessary for intervening in people's lives, as is the case in health-related issues. Determining who has actual epistemic expertise is a key factor in solving this conundrum. This became painfully clear during the unfolding of the COVID-19 pandemic, which highlighted the uncertainties of science in guiding decisions being made in real time, and provided opportunities for many forms of disinformation and conspiracy theories that hampered public health measures and promoted useless or even dangerous "treatments". This article discusses an instructive example of such developments in the chaotic response to the pandemic challenge in Brazil, which saw, among other unfortunate situations, physicians aligned with the denialist federal government advocating for unproven - or proven as ineffective - treatments and disseminating unfounded doubts about vaccines. Presumed expertise on the basis of professional training clearly did not translate into actual expertise in the necessary domains to ascertain the validity of such claims and scientific advice was overridden by ideology.

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Resumo: O artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa que investigou as práticas em avaliação psicológica realizadas pelos psicólogos forenses do judiciário fluminense nos processos judiciais envolvendo suspeita de abuso sexual infantil intrafamiliar. Foram realizadas entrevistas qualitativas com quatro analistas judiciários do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (TJRJ) e duas psicólogas peritas judiciais. A partir da análise de conteúdo de Bardin, emergiram três categorias: avaliação psicológica: percepções e recursos; perícias psicológicas em casos de abuso sexual infantil intrafamiliar; e dificuldades dos psicólogos forenses no contexto do TJRJ. Concluiu-se que as práticas avaliativas são diversas e que há pouca abertura por parte dos psicólogos forenses e da instituição judiciária fluminense para a utilização de instrumentos psicológicos além das entrevistas. O espaçamento temporal entre a ocorrência da violência e a perícia, o alto volume de trabalho e os curtos prazos processuais foram complicadores referidos por todos os participantes.

Abstract: This study investigated the practices in Psychological Assessment carried out by Rio de Janeiro judiciary forensic psychologists in judicial proceedings involving suspected intrafamilial child sexual abuse. For that, six forensic psychologists linked to the Court of Justice of the State of Rio de Janeiro were interviewed. Participants included four judicial analysts occupying positions of psychologists and two psychologists who are judicial experts. Based on Bardin's content analysis, three categories emerged. Psychological Assessment: perceptions and resources; psychological expertise in cases of intrafamilial child sexual abuse and difficulties faced by forensic psychologists in the context of the Court of Justice. We found diverse evaluative practices and scarce spaces for the use of psychological instruments besides interviews. The temporal spacing between the occurrence of violence and expertise, the high volume of work, and the short procedural deadlines configured complicating factors according to all participants.

Résumé : L'article expose les résultats de la recherche qui a enquêté sur les pratiques d'évaluation psychologique réalisées par des psychologues légistes de la justice de Rio de Janeiro dans le cadre de procédures judiciaires impliquant des violences sexuels intrafamiliaux présumés chez des enfants. Des entretiens qualitatifs ont été réalisés avec quatre analystes judiciaires du Tribunal de Justiça do Rio de Janeiro (TJRJ) [Cour d'Appel de l'État de Rio de Janeiro] et deux psychologues judiciaires experts. De l'analyse de contenu de Bardin, trois catégories ont émergé : évaluation psychologique : perceptions et ressources ; expertise psychologique dans les cas de violence sexuel intrafamiliaux chez les enfants ; et difficultés des psychologues judiciaires dans le cadre du TJRJ. Nous concluons que les pratiques évaluatives sont diverses et qu'il y a peu d'ouverture pour l'utilisation d'instruments psychologiques en dehors des entretiens. L'espacement temporel entre la survenance de la violence et l'expertise, le volume de travail important et les courts délais de procédure ont été des facteurs de complication mentionnés par tous les participants.

Resumen: Este artículo expone los resultados de la investigación que tuvo como objetivo conocer las prácticas de evaluación psicológica realizadas por psicólogos forenses del Poder Judicial de Río de Janeiro en procesos judiciales que involucran a presuntas víctimas de abuso sexual infantil intrafamiliar. Se realizaron entrevistas cualitativas a cuatro analistas judiciales del Tribunal de Justicia del Estado de Río de Janeiro (TJRJ) y dos peritos psicólogos judiciales. Del análisis de contenido de Bardin surgieron tres categorías: evaluación psicológica: percepciones y recursos; pericia psicológica en casos de abuso sexual infantil intrafamiliar; y dificultades de los psicólogos forenses en el contexto del TJRJ. Se concluyó que las prácticas evaluativas son diversas y que hay poco espacio para el uso de herramientas psicológicas más allá de las entrevistas. El espaciamiento temporal entre la ocurrencia de la violencia y la pericia, el alto volumen de trabajo y los cortos plazos procesales fueron los factores de complicación mencionados por todos los participantes.

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O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar perícias psicológicas realizadas em cidades do Paraná do ano de 2019 no que tange aos aspectos cognitivos. Para tanto, foram consultados 1009 processos arquivados em clínicas credenciadas ao Departamento de Trânsito do Paraná (DETRAN-Pr). Os resultados, inerentes à caracterização das perícias, apontaram que os participantes com idade média de 27 anos, 44,4% possuindo ensino médio completo, 72,2% para a 1ª habilitação, 61% para a categoria A/B. Foram encontrados 12 tipos de instrumentos de Avaliação Psicológica padronizados. Os resultados apontam desempenho médio nos instrumentos e relação de dependência entre os principais construtos investigados. Considera-se que, além de habilidades cognitivas preservadas, a formação dos condutores desde o ensino básico é importante contribuinte para o trânsito seguro.(AU)

The objective of this research was to analyze psychological tests conducted in cities in the state of Paraná in the year 2019, focusing on cognitive aspects. For this purpose, we examined 1009 records from clinics accredited to the State Traffic Department of Paraná (DETRAN-Pr). The results, inherent to the characterization of the expertise, pointed out that the participants had an average age of 27 years, 44.4% had completed secondary education, 72.2% were first-time applicants, and 61% had the A/B category. Twelve types of standardized Psychological Assessment instruments were found. The results indicated that participants exhibited an average performance in these instruments, and there was a significant correlation between the main constructs investigated. These findings suggest that, in addition to maintaining cognitive skills, providing driver education starting from elementary school could significantly contribute to enhancing road safety.(AU)

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar las pruebas psicológicas realizadas en ciudades de Paraná en el año 2019 sobre aspectos cognitivos. Para ello se consultaron 1009 expedientes archivados en clínicas acreditadas ante el Departamento de Tránsito de Paraná (DETRAN-Pr). Los resultados, inherentes a la caracterización de la especialización, apuntaron que los participantes tenían una edad media de 27 años, 44,4% tenían estudios secundarios completos, 72,2% para el 1º título, 61% para la categoría A/B. Se encontraron doce tipos de instrumentos de Evaluación Psicológica estandarizados. Los resultados muestran un desempeño promedio en los instrumentos y una relación de dependencia entre los principales constructos investigados. Se considera que, además de preservar las habilidades cognitivas, la formación de los conductores desde la escuela primaria en adelante es un importante contribuyente a la seguridad del tráfico.(AU)

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This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using the tax methodology for determining unjustified increases in assets in money laundering cases heard in the courts. It also seeks to identify the errors made by the Tax Authority with the purpose of ascertaining whether these errors could hinder the successful application of the methodology in investigations of money laundering cases. In order to achieve these objectives, a mixed research methodology was conducted that included the analysis of rulings issued during the years 2020 and 2021 by the Peruvian Tax Court and sentences issued by the judiciary. This was complemented by semi-structured interviews with experts from the public sector, academia and accounting with relevant experience on the subject. The study found that there are some practical issues in the application of the methodology that can be overcome and that do not represent an insurmountable constraint. The study also found that the tax methodology allows for a more effective clarification of asset imbalances, and concludes that, once implementation errors have been overcome, the tax methodology can be feasibly employed to the benefit of money laundering investigations.

Esta investigación tiene como objetivos evaluar la factibilidad de utilizar la metodología tributaria de determinación de incrementos patrimoniales no justificados en la investigación de desbalances patrimoniales de casos de lavado de dinero ventilados en la vía jurisdiccional e identificar los errores que ha cometido la Administración Tributaria, a fin de establecer si estos representan problemas que pudieran dificultar la aplicación de la metodología a la investigación de casos de lavado de dinero. Con el propósito de lograr estos objetivos se condujo una investigación mixta que incluyó el análisis de las resoluciones emitidas durante los años 2020 y 2021 por el Tribunal Fiscal y sentencias emitidas por el poder judicial. Esto se complementó con entrevistas semiestructuradas a expertos del sector público, la academia y peritos contables con experiencia relevante sobre el tema. La investigación encontró que existen algunos empirismos aplicativos que pueden ser superados y que no representan ninguna restricción que no pueda ser gestionada. Se halló también que la metodología tributaria permite esclarecer de manera más efectiva los desbalances patrimoniales. La investigación concluye que, superados los errores de ejecución, es factible utilizar con ventaja la metodología tributaria en las investigaciones de lavado de dinero.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar a viabilidade do uso da metodología tributária para determinar aumentos injustificados de patrimônio na investigação de desproporções patrimoniais em casos de lavagem de dinheiro julgados nos tribunais e identificar os erros cometidos pela Administração Tributária, a fim de estabelecer se estes representam problemas que poderiam dificultar a aplicação da metodologia na investigação de casos de lavagem de dinheiro. Para atingir esses objetivos, foi realizada uma pesquisa mista que incluiu a análise de decisões emitidas durante 2020 e 2021 pelo Tribunal Tributário e sentenças emitidas pelo judiciário. Isso foi complementado por entrevistas semiestruturadas com especialistas do setor público, acadêmicos e especialistas em contabilidade com experiência relevante no assunto. A pesquisa constatou que existem alguns empirismos de aplicação que podem ser superados e que não representam nenhuma restrição que não possa ser gerenciada. Também foi constatado que a metodología tributária permite um esclarecimento mais eficaz das desproporções patrimoniais. Na pesquisa, conclui-se que, uma vez superados os erros de implementação, é viável utilizar a metodologia tributária com vantagem nas investigações de lavagem de dinheiro.

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In the Brazilian penal system, a person with a mental disorder who commits an offense may be exempt from penalty if, at the time of the offense, they were entirely unable to understand the illicit character of the fact. A forensic psychiatric expert makes this determination and may also recommend to the magistrate the type of commitment to be applied. As a rule, this measure is stipulated based on the judge's sentence rather than the kind of treatment that the mental disorder requires. This difference motivates the present study that seeks to identify criteria for expertise. Additionally, this work focuses on the biopsychological method which influences the application of the measure as detailed in the expert's report. Expert reports have considerable importance in criminal proceedings and often influence determinations of the deadline for compliance and, potentially, hospitalisation. For this question, a scoping review searched for relevant literature, regardless of the study design. Of 1014 references, 27 answered the guiding question, giving rise to 10 categories with several items corresponding to the criteria for expertise. These items, although not exhaustive, demonstrated the deficient interrelationship between law and mental health due to the lack of communication and interaction between them the two. This could be addressed through interdisciplinary legislation or alteration of criminal and criminal procedural laws. Additionally, the lack of communication could be further addressed through the magistrate's interpretation of mental health laws as a new parameter for criminal law based on the human dignity principle which recognises fundamental human rights.

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Resumen En el presente estudio se analiza el impacto de la calidad de los argumentos y la experticia de la fuente en la persuasión moral, así como el cambio de un juicio moral en función de un mensaje persuasivo. La investigación sobre el efecto de la calidad de los argumentos y la experticia de la fuente en la persuasión moral es escasa, a pesar de que las teorías del intuicionismo social, del proceso dual y de las convicciones morales sugieren algunos apuntes al respecto. En este trabajo, para estudiar el impacto de estos dos factores en la persuasión moral, se llevó a cabo un estudio experimental con un diseño factorial 2 (experticia de la fuente) x 2 (calidad del argumento), con la participación de 433 personas. Específicamente, para evaluar el juicio moral y su eventual cambio, se construyó un dilema moral que contrapone los fundamentos morales de daño-cuidado y justicia-reciprocidad en el marco del posconflicto en Colombia. Los resultados muestran que si bien la mayoría de los participantes presentaron resistencia a la persuasión, tanto la calidad del argumento como la experticia de la fuente facilitan la persuasión, pero de forma independiente. Los resultados permiten varias reflexiones sobre las teorías del proceso dual de la persuasión y las teorías del juicio moral.

Abstract This study analyses the impact of argument quality and source expertise on moral persuasion, as well as the change of a moral judgment as a function of a persuasive message. Research on the effects of argument quality and source expertise on moral persuasion is scarce, although the theories of Social Intuitionism, Dual Process and Moral Convictions suggest some hints in this regard. To study the impact of these factors on moral persuasion, an experimental study was carried out with a 2 (source expertise) x 2 (argument quality) factorial design with 433 participants. A particularly sensitive moral dilemma was designed to contrast the moral foundations of Harm-Care and Justice-Reciprocity in the context of the post-conflict in Colombia to evaluate moral judgment and potential change of judgment. The results show that although most of the participants presented resistance to persuasion, both the quality of the argument and the expertise of the source facilitated persuasion, albeit independently. Results also suggest several reflections on both dual process theories of persuasion and theories of moral judgement.

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A habilidade terapêutica interpessoal é um dos elementos centrais da expertise clínica para a prática psicoterápica baseada em evidências. Pesquisas recentes demonstram uma maior valorização dos fatores relacionais envolvidos no processo psicoterápico, como, por exemplo, o atual valor dado à compreensão empática como elemento facilitador da psicoterapia. Este trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar a existência de uma convergência entre os pressupostos rogerianos e essas recentes evidências. Para tanto, propõe-se a análise dessa confluência a partir da retomada das condições necessárias para a psicoterapia postuladas por Carl Rogers, detalhadas em três elementos que envolvem a complexidade das habilidades terapêuticas interpessoais: a pessoa do terapeuta; a forma como o cliente percebe as atitudes do terapeuta; e a relação terapêutica em si. Por fim, aponta-se para o potencial da abordagem humanista e principalmente dos pressupostos rogerianos, que evidenciam uma proposta de alteridade e dialogicidade do processo psicoterapêutico, para compreensão e efetivação dos fatores relacionais na prática clínica, como passaram a endossar até mesmo as mais recentes evidências científicas de eficácia em psicoterapia, presentes nas últimas recomendações da APA, válidas, portanto, para toda a clínica psicológica, independentemente da abordagem teórica de escolha do terapeuta.

Interpersonal expertise is one of the central elements of clinical expertise for evidence-based practice in psychology. Recent research shows a greater appreciation of the relational factors involved in the psychotherapeutic process, such as, the value currently given to empathic understanding as a facilitator of psychotherapy. This work aims to demonstrate the existence of a convergence between the Rogerian assumptions and these recent evidences. To this end, it is proposed to analyze this confluence based on the resumption of the necessary conditions for psychotherapy postulated by Carl Rogers, as detailed in three elements that involve the complexity of interpersonal therapeutic skills: the person of the therapist; the way the client perceives the therapist's attitudes; and the therapeutic relationship per se. Finally, it points to the potential of the humanistic approach and mainly of Rogerian assumptions, which show a proposal of alterity and dialogicity for the psychotherapeutic process, for understanding and effecting relational factors in clinical practice, as newly endorsed even by the most recent scientific evidence of effectiveness in psychotherapy, present in the latest recommendations of the APA, valid, therefore, for the entire psychological clinic, regardless of the theoretical approach of choice of the therapist.

La capacidad terapéutica interpersonal es uno de los elementos de la experiencia clínica central para la práctica psicoterapéutica basada en la evidencia. Investigaciones recientes muestran una mayor apreciación de los factores relacionales involucrados en el proceso psicoterapéutico, como, por ejemplo, el valor actual que se le da al entendimiento empático como facilitador de la psicoterapia. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo demostrar la existencia de una convergencia entre los supuestos rogerianos y esta evidencia más reciente. Para este fin, se propone analizar esta confluencia con base en la reanudación de las condiciones necesarias para la psicoterapia postulada por Carl Rogers, detallada en tres elementos que involucran la complejidad de las habilidades terapéuticas interpersonales: la persona del terapeuta; la forma en que el cliente percibe las actitudes del terapeuta; y la relación terapéutica en sí misma. Finalmente, señala el potencial del enfoque humanista y principalmente de los supuestos rogerianos, que evidencian una propuesta de alteridad y dialogicidad para el proceso psicoterapéutico, para comprender y afectar los factores relacionales en la práctica clínica, ya que incluso comenzaron a respaldar más evidencia científica reciente de efectividad en psicoterapia, presente en las últimas recomendaciones de la APA, válidas, por lo tanto, para toda la clínica psicológica, independientemente del enfoque teórico de elección del terapeuta.

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Causality is a transdisciplinary topic with the medical-legal field representing one of its most exciting aspects. Since medicine and law have different roots and objectives, this article provides references to support occupational physicians and medico-legal experts in the difficult task of establishing occupational causation. In addition to the traditional Bradford Hill criteria and Schilling's Classification, additional standards are provided to enhance critical assessment and contribute to the responsible use of the concept of causation in both the legal and medical-occupational fields.

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Psychological reports must meet minimally technical and ethical requirements that are regulated by resolutions of the Federal Council of Psychology (CFP) and by legislation. This study aimed to assess whether psychological reports prepared by freelance psychologist experts for the processes of the Family and Childhood and Justice Courts of Rio Grande do Sul were in accordance with the resolutions, ethical aspects and the theoretical-technical requirements required by the CFP. It is a quantitative research, whose data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and descriptive frequency analysis with documentary analysis. Inconsistencies were identified in the preparation of the experts' psychological reports regarding the various requirements contained in the code of ethics and in the resolutions. It is considered that the misinformation of freelance psychologist experts with regard to CFP resolutions is one of the causes that contribute to the absence of items that are indispensable to the elaboration of quality psychological reports.

Os laudos psicológicos precisam atender minimamente a requisitos técnicos e éticos que são regulamentados por resoluções do Conselho Federal de Psicologia (CFP) e pela legislação. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar se laudos psicológicos confeccionados pelos peritos nomeados pelos juízes para os processos das Varas de Família e da Infância e Juventude da Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul estavam de acordo com as resoluções, aspectos éticos e os requisitos teórico-técnicos exigidos pelo CFP. A qualidade dos laudos analisados foi medida a partir da observância ou não desse conjunto de normativos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, cujos dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e análise de frequência descritiva com análise documental. Foram identificadas inconsistências na elaboração dos laudos psicológicos quanto aos diversos requisitos contidos no código de ética e nas resoluções. Considera-se que a desinformação de alguns peritos no que diz respeito às resoluções do CFP seja uma das causas que contribuem para a ausência de itens indispensáveis à elaboração de laudos psicológicos de qualidade.

Los informes psicológicos deben cumplir mínimamente con los requisitos técnicos y éticos que están regulados por las resoluciones del Consejo Federal de Psicología (CFP) y por la legislación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar si los informes psicológicos elaborados por expertos psicólogos independientes para los procesos de los Tribunales de Familia e Infancia y Justicia de Rio Grande do Sul se ajustaban a las resoluciones, aspectos éticos y requisitos teórico-técnicos exigidos por el CFP. Es una investigación cuantitativa, cuyos datos fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva y análisis de frecuencia y documental. Se identificaron inconsistencias en la preparación de los informes psicológicos de los expertos con respecto a los diversos requisitos contenidos en el código de ética y en las resoluciones. La información errónea de los expertos psicólogos independientes con respecto a las resoluciones contribuyen a la ausencia de elementos que son indispensables para la elaboración de informes psicológicos de calidad.

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RESUMEN El objetivo de la investigación de la cual deriva el presente texto estuvo encaminado a elaborar una propuesta de programa de maestría para los profesionales de la salud vinculados al análisis clínico, desde las tecnologías del diagnóstico en laboratorio. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el Centro de Inmunología y Productos Biológicos de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, en el período comprendido de enero a marzo de 2019. De los métodos empíricos fueron empleados la técnica de discusión grupal y la encuesta aplicada a egresados y jefes de los servicios asistenciales. Se concluye que se elabora una propuesta de programa de maestría para los profesionales de la salud vinculados al análisis clínico como respuesta a la necesidad e interés por elevar los niveles de competencia y desempeño profesional e investigativo de estos desde las tecnologías del diagnóstico en laboratorio.

ABSTRACT The objective of the research was to develop a proposal for a master's program for health professionals linked to clinical analysis from laboratory diagnostic technologies. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Center for Immunology and Biological Products of the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey, in the period from January to March 2019. From the empirical methods, the group discussion technique was used, and the survey applied to graduates and heads of healthcare services. It is concluded that a master's program proposal is prepared for health professionals linked to clinical analysis in response to the need and interest in raising the levels of competence and professional and investigative performance of these from the technologies of laboratory diagnosis.

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A compreensão emocional é uma habilidade de grande relevância para o desenvolvimento emocional infantil, estando relacionada ao ajustamento social e à competência acadêmica. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar características da produção acadêmica nessa temática, entre 2007 e 2017, de modo a identificar lacunas e fomentar avanços em novas pesquisas nesse campo. Para alcançar esse objetivo, foram realizadas buscas em duas bases de dados, tendo sido selecionados, após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 32 artigos. Algumas categorias foram concebidas para analisar os estudos. Verificou-se uma maior concentração de estudos em países europeus e norte-americanos, e em crianças de 0 a 5 anos. Conclui-se que há necessidade de estudos brasileiros sobre o tema e que explorem a diversidade de contextos socioculturais do país.

Emotional understanding is a very important skill for the child’s emotional development, and is related to social adjustment and academic adroitness. The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of scholar research on this theme in the last ten years, in order to foster advance in new inquires on this domain. For this purpose, searches were conducted in two databases and, after using the exclusion criteria, 32 articles were selected. A few categories were designed to analyze the studies. A higher concentration of studies was found among European and North American countries, and in children from 0 to 5 years old. It is concluded that there is a need for Brazilian studies on the subject to explore the cultural diversity of the country.

La comprensión emocional es una habilidad de gran importancia para el desarrollo emocional infantil y está relacionada con el ajustamiento social y con la competencia académica. El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar características de la producción académica en esa temática, entre 2007 y 2017, a fin de identificar brechas y fomentar avances en nuevas investigaciones en ese campo. Para lograr ese objetivo, se realizaron búsquedas en dos bases de datos y fueron seleccionados 32 artículos con base en los criterios de exclusión e inclusión. Algunas categorías fueron creadas para analizar los estudios. Hubo una mayor concentración de los estudios en los países europeos y norteamericanos y en niños de 0 a 5 años de edad. Se concluye que hay la necesidad de estudios brasileños acerca del tema y que exploren la diversidad de los contextos sociales del país.

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O exame pericial é imprescindível para a instrução do inquérito policial sobre crimes ambientais. Objetivou-se relatar caso em que foram realizados exames periciais de identificação de espécies da ictiofauna e apetrechos apreendidos pela polícia rodoviária federal na região de Luziânia-Goiás em Outubro de 2020. Tal exame demonstrou que princípios de taxonomia e anatomia comparada considerados na literatura são parâmetros básicos para identificação de espécimes da ictiofauna e contribuíram para materializar manejos criminosos praticados em desfavor de espécimes silvestres da ictiofauna apreendidas. Conclui-se que o protocolo de exame pericial em espécimes da ictiofauna desenvolvido contribui para materialização de fatos criminosos em inquérito policial.

Forensic examination is essential for the investigation of the police inquiry into environmental crimes.The objective of this study was to report a case in which forensic examinations were performed to identify ichthyofauna species and seized pieces by the federal highway police in the region of Luziânia-Goiás in October 2020. Such an examination demonstrated that principles of taxonomy and comparative anatomy considered in the literature are basic parametes for the identification of ichthyofauna specimens and contributed to materialize criminal practices practiced in disfavor of apprehended wild species of ichthyofauna. It is concluded that the protocol of expert examination in specimens of ichthyofauna developed contributes to materialization of criminal facts in police investigation.

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O exame pericial é imprescindível para a instrução do inquérito policial sobre crimes ambientais. Objetivou-se relatar caso em que foram realizados exames periciais de identificação de espécies da ictiofauna e apetrechos apreendidos pela polícia rodoviária federal na região de Luziânia-Goiás em Outubro de 2020. Tal exame demonstrou que princípios de taxonomia e anatomia comparada considerados na literatura são parâmetros básicos para identificação de espécimes da ictiofauna e contribuíram para materializar manejos criminosos praticados em desfavor de espécimes silvestres da ictiofauna apreendidas. Conclui-se que o protocolo de exame pericial em espécimes da ictiofauna desenvolvido contribui para materialização de fatos criminosos em inquérito policial.(AU)

Forensic examination is essential for the investigation of the police inquiry into environmental crimes.The objective of this study was to report a case in which forensic examinations were performed to identify ichthyofauna species and seized pieces by the federal highway police in the region of Luziânia-Goiás in October 2020. Such an examination demonstrated that principles of taxonomy and comparative anatomy considered in the literature are basic parametes for the identification of ichthyofauna specimens and contributed to materialize criminal practices practiced in disfavor of apprehended wild species of ichthyofauna. It is concluded that the protocol of expert examination in specimens of ichthyofauna developed contributes to materialization of criminal facts in police investigation.(AU)

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In soccer, it is relevant to understand the roles of Systems 1 (intuitive) and 2 (deliberative) in perceptual-cognitive processes and how they influence response time when making decisions. The aim of this study was to analyse how response time in decision making managed by Systems 1 and 2 is associated to the perceptual-cognitive processes of young soccer players. Ninety young soccer players participated. Perceptual-cognitive processes were assessed through visual search strategies, cognitive effort, and verbal reports. Participants wore a mobile-eye tracking system while viewing 11-a-side match play video-based soccer simulations. Response time in decision making was used to create two sub-groups: faster and slower decision-makers. Results indicated that players with faster response time in decision making employed more fixations of shorter duration, displayed less cognitive effort, as well as a greater number of thought processes associated with planning. These results reinforce that there are differences in the way of using the perceptive-cognitive processes from the priority system in the decision-making process. It is concluded that faster decision making, managed by System 1, implies greater ability to employ visual search strategies and to process information, thus enabling increased cognitive efficiency.

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Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to characterize the developmental pathway undertaken by Portuguese expert track and field athletes considering the quantity and type of structured and unstructured activities. Methods: The sample was composed of 24 experts and 35 non-expert athletes who completed a questionnaire designed to gather information about their previous experiences in sports. Results: Results reveal key factors which distinguished expert from non-expert athletes' developmental pathway were related to a greater commitment within track and field in relation to years (U = 251.000, p < 0.01) and hours (U = 212.500, p < .01), as well as with the number of years spent in unstructured activities (U = 284.500, p < .05). Furthermore, a significant association (χ2 = 27.131, p < 0.01) was found between the number of unstructured activities practiced and an expert performance attainment. Conclusions: These findings revealed that more successfully track and field athletes had an early diversified pathway with greater involvement in structured and unstructured activities. Overall, the study provides an insight into the developmental pathway of Portuguese track and field athletes.

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Resumen El artículo tiene como objetivo definir el crimen sexual y estudiar la relación entre los crímenes sexuales y los trastornos mentales. También se describen aspectos del peritaje psiquiátrico de las personas que han cometido delitos sexuales. La evaluación de la imputabilidad penal es extremadamente importante para ajustar, en cada caso, la aplicación de medidas de seguridad y las sanciones penales y correccionales apropiadas.

This article aims to define sexual crime, to study the relationship between sexual crimes and mental disorders. Aspects of psychiatric expertise of individuals Who have committed sex crimes are also described. The assessment of criminal imputability is extremely important in order to adjust, in each case, the application of security measures and appropriate criminal and correctional sanctions.

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Researchers continue establishing a clear-cut division between identities of doctors and patients, but the perspective of the physician in the event that they became a patient is seldom analyzed. This article shows empirical evidence of the discursive construction of identities and expertise in the accounts of 24 patient-physicians diagnosed and treated for acute or chronic disease in the city of Bogotá, Colombia (2009-2015). An approach to these accounts from Science and Technology Studies, which is a perspective emerged among the field of social sciences during the 1970s that has achieved in our time a broader understanding of expertise, leads to the questioning of stereotypes about who doctors are and who patients are, and to illustrate the difficulty of drawing boundaries between experts and laypeople. Finally, it was concluded that identities and expertise are reconfigured in interaction, in a contingent and situated way, when considering diagnosis and treatment. New meanings of the relationship between doctor and patient were proposed, from a more symmetrical stance.

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Insights on the neurocognitive particularities of expert individuals have benefited from language studies on professional simultaneous interpreters (PSIs). Accruing research indicates that behavioral advantages in this population are restricted to those skills that are directly taxed during professional practice (e.g., translation as opposed to reading), but little is known about the neural signatures of such selective effects. To illuminate the issue, we recruited 17 PSIs and 15 non-interpreter bilinguals and compared behavioral and electrophysiological markers of word reading and translation from and into their native and non-native languages (L1 and L2, respectively). PSIs exhibited greater delta-theta (1-8 â€‹Hz) power across all tasks over varying topographies, but these were accompanied by faster performance only in the case of translation conditions. Moreover, neural differences in PSIs were most marked for L2-L1 translation (the dominant interpreting direction in their market), which exhibited maximally widespread modulations that selectively correlated with behavioral outcomes. Taken together, our results suggest that interpreting experience involves distinct neural signatures across reading and translation mechanisms, but that these are systematically related with processing efficiency only in domains that face elevated demands during everyday practice (i.e., L2-L1 translation). These findings can inform models of simultaneous interpreting, in particular, and expert cognitive processing, in general.

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O exame pericial é imprescindível para a instrução do inquérito policial sobre crimes ambientais. Objetivou-se relatar caso em que foram realizados exames periciais de vistoria a petrechos e exame físico em aves silvestres apreendidas pela polícia tático ambiental de Goiás. Tal exame demonstrou que princípios considerados na literatura como básicos em bem-estar animal foram descumpridos e os petrechos contribuíram para materializar manejos criminosos praticados em desfavor das aves silvestres apreendidas. Conclui-se que o protocolo de perícia em Bem-estar animal (PPBEA) contribui para materialização de fatos criminosos em inquérito policial.

Forensic examination is essential for the instruction of the police inquiry into environmental crimes. The objective was to report a case in which expert examinations of petroleum inspection and physical examination were carried out on wild birds apprehended by the Goiás environmental tactical police. This examination demonstrated that principles considered in the literature as basic in animal welfare were not complied with and the petroleum contributed to materialize criminal practices practiced against the seized wild birds. It is concluded that the animal welfare expertise protocol (PPBEA) contributes to the materialization of criminal facts in a police investigation.

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