RESUMO
Patients living with HIV who do not adhere to antiretroviral treatment (ART) have a high viral load, increasing the risk of developing AIDS, as well as new treatment-resistant strains. There are several psychological factors that must be studied to understand the reasons for non-adherence to ART. We studied whether the goals reported by patients with HIV, as well as their sense of meaning in life, influence ART adherence in a sample of adult patients attending HIV outpatient care in Mexico. Participants completed the Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Assessment Questionnaire, the Dimensional Scale of Meaning in Life and were asked to write both short-term and long-term goals. The most frequent goals reported were those categorized as "personal development," followed by "being healthy." Participants with the highest adherence had more short-term "personal development" goals. Moreover, they showed the lowest levels of existential vacuum (lack of meaning in life). These variables predicted treatment adherence. We conclude that the design of programs to improve ART adherence should promote the establishment of personal development goals and offer tools that allow having a sense of meaning in life to reduce AIDS-related complications.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Infecções por HIV , Adulto , Humanos , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Objetivos , Adesão à Medicação/psicologia , Antirretrovirais/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar la intensidad del sentido de la vida en adolescentes infractores en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Su Método tuvo un diseño descriptivo, mixto. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 44 adolescentes infractores a quienes se les aplicó el Cuestionario del sentido de la vida (PIL) desarrollado por Crumbaugh y Maholick, que consta de una primera parte que sirve para recolectar información cuantitativa y otras dos partes para recolectar información cualitativa. Los resultados mostraron un bajo índice de vacío existencial en los adolescentes encuestados. A mayor tiempo de permanencia en la institución de resocialización mayor es la intensidad del sentido de vida. La familia (real e ideal) es importante como valor fundamental en torno al cual se construye su sentido de vida. Se plantea que el constructo "sentido de la vida" posee diferentes niveles de complejidad que dan cuenta de varios aspectos que mencionamos a continuación: el deseo de vivir, el objetivo o propósito de la vida que da la orientación propia de cada existencia, el significado que cada uno le atribuye a su vida y a los diferentes valores que la rigen y, por último, el análisis del sentido en general.
The aim of this research was to compare the meaning of life's intensity in offender teenagers in Medellin city, Colombia. The methodology had a mixed descriptive design. The sample consisted of 44 young offenders who answered the Purpose In Life test (PIL), developed by Crumbaugh and Maholick, consisting of one party to collect quantitative and two other parties to collect qualitative information. The Results show a low rate of existential vacuum in the teens surveyed. The more time spent in a social rehabilitation institution, the greater the intensity of the meaning of life. The family (real and ideal) is important as a core value around which to build their sense of life. This suggests some grounds for thinking a model to explain the conclusions reached. It argues that the construct "meaning of life" has different levels of complexity that reflect various aspects mentioned below: the desire to live, aim or purpose of life that gives the proper orientation of each existence, the meaning that each one attributes to his life and his different values that govern it, and finally, the analysis of meaning in general.