RESUMO
Doenças periodontais e síndrome metabólica estão relacionadas a condições multifatoriais complicadas. No entanto, a relação ainda não é evidente. A insuficiência de estrogênio pode estar correlacionada a essa condição, possivelmente causada pela remoção dos ovários e infecção por Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da disfunção ovariana causada pela ovariectomia e infecção por P. gingivalis no desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica. Este foi um estudo experimental de laboratório utilizando ratos fêmeas da linhagem Sprague Dawley. Os modelos animais foram divididos em quatro grupos: controle, ovariectomia (OVX), ovariectomia-periodontite (OPG) e periodontite (PG). O objetivo de cada tratamento em cada grupo foi obter disfunção ovariana. O grupo OVX foi submetido à cirurgia de remoção dos ovários; no grupo PG foi realizada a indução de P. gingivalis; e no grupo OPG foi feita uma combinação de ovariectomia e indução de P. gingivalis. O sangue foi coletado e observado nos dias 0, 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28. A amostra de sangue foi examinada para ácido úrico, colesterol, glicose e estrogênio. Os dados coletados foram todos examinados estatisticamente. Todos os grupos de tratamento apresentaram peso corporal e observações bioquímicas sanguíneas significativamente maiores do que o grupo controle, exceto o colesterol total (p<0,05). Além disso, a maioria das variáveis apresentou uma correlação entre os grupos com o peso corporal e indicadores bioquímicos sanguíneos, exceto o nível de ácido úrico no sangue (R>0,5). A síndrome metabólica foi desencadeada pela disfunção ovariana causada pela infecção por P. gingivalis após a ovariectomia. Ambos apresentaram o mesmo risco. Mesmo a indução por P. gingivalis piorou a síndrome metabólica no grupo de modelos animais que foram submetidos à ovariectomia.(AU)
Periodontal diseases and metabolic syndrome are related to complicated multifactorial conditions. However, the relationship is not yet evident. Estrogen insufficiency might correlate to this condition, possibly caused by ovarian removal and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) infection. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ovarian dysfunction caused by ovariectomy and P. gingivalis infection to metabolic syndrome development. This study was an experimental laboratory study using female rats Sprague Dawley Strain. Animal models were divided into four groups: control, ovariectomy (OVX), ovariectomy-periodontitis (OPG), and periodontitis (PG). The purpose of every treatment in each group was to induce ovarian dysfunction. The OVX group was undertaken ovaries removal surgery. PG was performed P. gingivalis induction. Therefore OPG was a combination of ovariectomy and P. gingivalis induction. Blood was drawn and observed on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The blood sample was examined for uric acid, cholesterol, glucose and estrogen. The collected data were all statistically examined. All treatment groups presented body weight and blood biochemical observation significantly higher than the control group, except total cholesterol (p<0.05). Moreover, most variables presented a correlation between groups to body weight and biochemical blood indicators, except blood uric acid level (R>0.5). The metabolic syndrome was triggered by ovarian dysfunction brought on by P. gingivalis infection after ovariectomy. They both took the same risk. Even P. gingivalis induction made metabolic syndrome in the group of animal models which underwent ovariectomy worse (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Ovariectomia , Síndrome Metabólica , EstrogêniosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To answer the review's question "Does estrogen deficiency influence on the progression of apical periodontitis?" METHODS: Systematic searches were performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Grey Literature Report databases, without restriction for language or year of publication. The eligibility criteria were based on the PICOS strategy, as follows: (P) animals with estrogen deficiency; (I) induction of apical periodontitis; (C) animals without estrogen deficiency (control group or sham surgery); (O) bidimensional and/or tridimensional measures of apical periodontitis progression; (S) studies in animal models. Risk of bias was performed with SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool. Certainty of evidence was assessed with GRADE. RESULTS: In total, 12 studies were included according to eligibility criteria. All studies (100%) demonstrated that the estrogen deficiency influence the apical periodontitis progression. Most studies performed a histomorphometric analysis evaluating bone loss area (58.3%), radiographic bone loss area (41.7%), bone volume assessment with microcomputed tomography (25%), fluorescence microscopy lesion area in mm2 (16.7%), and radiographic density assessment in one study (8.3%). The most frequent period of analysis was 21 days after lesion induction (75%). GRADE assessment showed a moderate certainty of evidence. DISCUSSION: The included studies demonstrated several limitations regarding randomization, blinding and description of baseline characteristics. All studies showed that an hypoestrogenic condition can favor an increased progression of apical periodontitis. Further clinical studies are necessary to confirm this correlation. CONCLUSIONS: In animal models, the estrogen deficiency significantly impact on the progression of apical periodontitis generating larger lesions comparing to healthy sham animals.
Assuntos
Periodontite Periapical , Animais , Estrogênios , Periodontite Periapical/diagnóstico por imagem , Microtomografia por Raio-XRESUMO
AIM: Although soy isoflavones (ISO) have been shown to relief postmenopausal symptoms, it remains inconclusive whether ISO can improve lipid-profile without uterotrophic effects under estrogen-deficiency. Thus, we investigated the effects of ISO on lipid-profile and uterus of ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five adult rats were Ovx or Sham-operated (Sham) and assigned into five groups: Sham and Ovx groups, administered with vehicle solutions; Ovx-E, treated with 10 µg/kg of 17ß-Estradiol; Ovx-ISO, treated with 200 mg/kg of ISO; Ovx-E + ISO, treated with estradiol + ISO combined. After fifty days of treatments, rats were euthanized and uterine horns were processed for histomorphometry or to collagen fibers and glycosaminoglycans evaluations. Blood samples were collected to evaluate levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC) and its fractions (HDL/VLDL). Data were subjected to statistical analysis (p < .05). RESULTS: Uterus weight was lower in Ovx group than the Sham and Ovx-E groups, whereas it was similar between Ovx and Ovx-ISO groups. Histomorphometry showed atrophic uterus in Ovx and Ovx-ISO groups, whereas uterotrophic effects were noticed in Ovx-E and Ovx-E + ISO groups. Collagen fibers-birefringence was higher in Sham, Ovx, and Ovx-ISO groups than in Ovx-E and Ovx-E + ISO groups. Sulfated glycosaminoglycans content was similar among Sham, Ovx, and Ovx-ISO groups, while it was higher in estrogen-treated groups; total glycosaminoglycans content was similar among groups. TC and HDL was higher in Ovx-ISO group, whereas VLDL and triglycerides levels was higher in Ovx-E + ISO group and similar among other groups. CONCLUSION: Soy isoflavones at 200 mg/kg have slight beneficial effects on lipid-profile without uterotrophic effects in Ovx rats.
Assuntos
Glycine max , Isoflavonas/uso terapêutico , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia , Útero/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Feminino , Colágenos Fibrilares/metabolismo , Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , Isoflavonas/farmacologia , Ovariectomia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Ratos Wistar , Útero/metabolismoRESUMO
Female dogs neutering is a routine surgery that aims to prevent diseases as well as to help populational control. Urinary incontinence is one of the most significant unwanted consequences following the procedure. Pharmacological treatment is recommended for such case, and alpha-adrenergic and estrogenic drugs have been the most frequent choices reported in literature. Besides, tricyclic antidepressants are also able to control clinical signs. The exact mechanism involved with this condition is not yet fully understood. Estrogen deficiency with a subsequent loss of urethral tonus is believed to trigger clinical signs. However, it is possible that other factors such as gonadotropins and gonadotropin-releasing hormone levels may play a part on this complex mechanism of the post-neutering urinary incontinence.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Cães/anatomia & histologia , Uretra , Ovariectomia/veterinária , Gonadotropinas , Estrogênios , Incontinência Urinária , EsterilizaçãoRESUMO
Female dogs neutering is a routine surgery that aims to prevent diseases as well as to help populational control. Urinary incontinence is one of the most significant unwanted consequences following the procedure. Pharmacological treatment is recommended for such case, and alpha-adrenergic and estrogenic drugs have been the most frequent choices reported in literature. Besides, tricyclic antidepressants are also able to control clinical signs. The exact mechanism involved with this condition is not yet fully understood. Estrogen deficiency with a subsequent loss of urethral tonus is believed to trigger clinical signs. However, it is possible that other factors such as gonadotropins and gonadotropin-releasing hormone levels may play a part on this complex mechanism of the post-neutering urinary incontinence.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Cães , Cães/anatomia & histologia , Estrogênios , Gonadotropinas , Incontinência Urinária , Ovariectomia/veterinária , Uretra , EsterilizaçãoRESUMO
The effect of microbiota composition and its health on bone tissue is a novel field for research. However, their associations with bone mineral density (BMD) have not been established in postmenopausal women. The present study investigates the relation of diet, the microbiota composition, and the serum metabolic profile in postmenopausal women with normal-BMD or with low-BMD. Ninety-two Mexican postmenopausal women were classified into normal-BMD (n = 34) and low-BMD (n = 58). The V4 hypervariable region was sequenced using the Miseq platform. Serum vitamin D was determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum concentrations of acyl-carnitines and amino acids were determined by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Diet was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. The low-BMD group had fewer observed species, higher abundance of γ-Proteobacteria, lower consumption of lycopene, and lower concentrations of leucine, valine, and tyrosine compared with the normal-BMD group. These amino acids correlated positively with the abundance of Bacteroides. Lycopene consumption positively correlated with Oscillospira and negatively correlated with Pantoea genus abundance. Finally, the intestinal microbiota of women with vitamin D deficiency was related to Erysipelotrichaceae and Veillonellaceae abundance compared to the vitamin D non-deficient group. Associations mediated by the gut microbiota between diet and circulating metabolites with low-BMD were identified.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the role of resveratrol (RESV) on the progression of experimental periodontitis (EP) in ovariectomy rats (OVT). BACKGROUND: Estrogen deficiency is the main cause of osteoporosis and is related to higher periodontal attachment loss and reduction of alveolar bone. Zoledronate (ZLD) is an antiresorptive drug used to control osteoporosis but can lead to osteonecrosis of the jaw. RESV, a natural product, can reduce bone loss and control and prevent osteoporosis. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the effect of RESV on the progression of EP in estrogen-deficient rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The animals were subjected to the OVT or sham surgery to induce estrogen-deficiency and then were divided into the groups: OVT + RESV (n: 10); OVT + PLAC (n: 10): OVT + placebo; OVT + ZLD +PLA (n: 10); OVT + RESV +ZLD (n: 10): OVT + RESV and ZLD; SHAM (n: 10): non-ovariectomized animals + placebo. To induce estrogen deficiency, the rats were subjected to ovariectomy. Experimental periodontitis was induced by the placement of a ligature at the second maxillary molars. Daily administration of the placebo solution, resveratrol (10 mg/kg), and ZLD (0.1 mg/kg) was carried out for a period 42 days prior to initiation of EP, and then for another 28 days following ligature placement. After euthanasia, the specimens were processed for micro-CT and morphometric analysis of bone loss (linear measurement), and the gingival tissue surrounding the maxillary second molar was collected for the quantification of inflammatory markers using Luminex/MAGPix, of oxidative stress markers using ELISA assay, and gene expression analysis of bone markers, by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Morphometric and micro-CT analysis showed higher bone loss and lower bone density, respectively, in OVT + PLAC when compared to the other groups (P < .05). ZLD treated groups had lower alveolar bone loss, as well as, higher density and percentage of bone volume, when compared to OVT + RESV and SHAM + PLAC groups (P < .05). IL-4 levels were significantly lower in the OVT + PLAC group versus OVT + ZLD +RESV and SHAM + PLAC (P < .05). NADPH oxidase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase) levels were significantly lower OVT + RESV group when compared to OVT + PLAC (P < .05). OPG mRNA levels were lower in OVT + PLAC compared with the SHAM + PLAC group (P < .05). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that resveratrol modulated alveolar bone loss during experimental periodontitis progression in estrogen-deficient rats by downregulating NADPH oxidase levels.
Assuntos
Perda do Osso Alveolar , Osteoporose , Periodontite , Resveratrol , Perda do Osso Alveolar/prevenção & controle , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação para Baixo , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , NADPH Oxidases/metabolismo , Osteoporose/tratamento farmacológico , Osteoporose/genética , Osteoporose/prevenção & controle , Periodontite/tratamento farmacológico , Periodontite/prevenção & controle , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Resveratrol/farmacologiaRESUMO
Although both estrogen deficiency and diabetes contribute to periodontal tissue deterioration, the combined effects of these conditions on periodontium is unknown. Thus, we analyzed the combined effects of ovariectomy followed by streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes on periodontal tissues of rats. Twenty adult rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or SHAM-operated (SHAM). After 3 weeks, the rats received an intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg/body weight) to induce diabetes or vehicle (blank) solution. The groups were assigned as follows (n = 5): SHAM-vehicle (SHAM), OVX-vehicle (OVX), SHAM + STZ (SHAM-Di), and OVX + STZ (OVX-Di). Seven weeks post-diabetes induction, the rats were euthanized. Blood samples were collected for glucose measurements and maxillae were processed for paraffin embedding. Sections stained with hematoxylin/eosin, Masson's trichrome, and picrosirius-red were used for alveolar bone loss and collagen fiber analysis in the lamina propria. Immunohistochemistry was performed for runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and tryptase detection. Alveolar bone loss and fewer collagen fibers were observed in the OVX-Di group, collagen fibers with irregular organization, and MMP-9 immunoreactivity were more evident in diabetic groups, and MMP-9-positive osteoclasts on alveolar bone surface were noticed in all groups. The OVX-Di group showed lower Runx2 immunoreactivity (osteoblast formation marker), and more tryptase-positive cells (mast cell marker) in the alveolar bone marrow. Our results indicate that estrogen depletion, followed by STZ-induced diabetes, promotes periodontal tissue deterioration that is more evident than both interventions applied alone. Furthermore, our results points to a possible participation of bone-derived mast cells in this process.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Estrogênios/deficiência , Periodonto/metabolismo , Estreptozocina/farmacologia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/metabolismo , Animais , Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Feminino , Mastócitos/metabolismo , Osteoclastos/metabolismo , Osteócitos/metabolismo , Ovariectomia/métodos , Ligamento Periodontal/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
PURPOSE: The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoke inhalation on an autogenous onlay bone graft area, either covered with a collagen membrane or not, in healthy and estrogen-deficient rats through histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty female rats (Wistar), weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided and allocated into groups (either exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation or not, ovariectomized and SHAM). After 15 days, the test group underwent cigarette smoke inhalation. Sixty days after exposition, autogenous bone grafting was only performed on all right hemimandibles, and the left ones underwent autogenous onlay bone grafting with the collagen membrane (BioGide®). The graft was harvested from the parietal bone and attached to the animals' jaws (right and left). They were euthanized at 21, 45, and 60 days after grafting. Histological measurements and immunohistochemical analyses were performed, and results were submitted to a statistical analysis. RESULTS: The addition of a collagen membrane to the bone graft proved more efficient in preserving graft area if compared to the graft area without a collagen membrane and the one associated with cigarette smoke inhalation at 21 (p = 0.0381) and 60 days (p = 0.0192), respectively. Cigarette smoke inhalation combined with ovariectomy promoted a significant reduction of the autogenous graft area at 21 and 60 days. At 45 days, no statistically significant results were observed. In the immunohistochemical analysis, the ovariectomized and smoking subgroups, combined or not with collagen membrane, received moderate and intense immunolabeling at 21 days for Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand (RANKL) (p = 0.0017 and p = 0.0381, respectively). For Osteoprotegerin (OPG), intense immunolabeling was observed in most subgroups under analysis at 60 days. CONCLUSION: Smoking inhalation promoted resorption on the autogenous onlay bone graft, mainly when associated with ovariectomy. Furthermore, when associated with the collagen membrane, a lower resorption rate was observed if compared to the absence of the membrane.
Assuntos
Transplante Ósseo , Osso e Ossos/patologia , Fumar Cigarros/efeitos adversos , Estrogênios/deficiência , Animais , Regeneração Óssea , Reabsorção Óssea/etiologia , Reabsorção Óssea/patologia , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica , Ovariectomia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The host's answer has an important role in periodontal disease, and the mast cells have a prime role. Such cells seem to be influenced by estrogen deficiency. The objective was to evaluate the mast cells and the expression of metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 in periodontal disease induced in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: For that purpose, 36 rats were used; 18 ovariectomized (OVX) and another 18 Sham-operated (SHAM). After 60 days the periodontal disease was induced by a ligature around the first lower right molars (group P). The opposite side was the control group (group C). The euthanasia occurred 3, 7 and 14 days after the placement of the ligature. The gingiva was removed and analyzed histochemically and immunohistochemically to quantify the mast cells and to analyze MMP 9 expression. RESULTS: By comparing the groups SHAM-P and C and groups OVX-C and P, it was noted that mast cells from group C were higher than P in all experimental periods. When comparing groups SHAM-C and OVX-C, significant factors were not found. When comparing groups SHAM-P and OVX-P, there was an inclination for mast cells reduction with time. The MMP-9 expression was related to the presence of periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that periodontitis led to mast cells reduction and MMP-9 increase. The ovariectomy itself did not alter the MMP-9 expression and did not influence the presence of mast cells in rat papilla, however, when associated to inflammation led to a reduction of mast cells.
RESUMO
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and estrogen deficiency are associated with several alterations in bone turnover. Zinc (Zn) is required for growth, development, and overall health. Zinc has been used in complementary therapy against bone loss in several diseases. We hypothesized that Zn supplementation represents a potential therapy against severe bone loss induced by the combined effect of estrogen deficiency and T1DM. We evaluated the protective effect of Zn against bone alterations in a chronic model of these disorders. Female Wistar rats were ramdomized into 3 groups (5 rats each): control, OVX/T1DM (ovariectomized rats with streptozotocin-induced T1DM), and OVX/T1DM+Zn (OVX/T1DM plus daily Zn supplementation). Serum biochemical, bone histomorphometric, and molecular analyses were performed. Histomorphometric parameters were similar between the control and OVX/T1DM+Zn groups, suggesting that Zn prevents bone architecture alterations. In contrast, the OVX/T1DM group showed significantly lower trabecular width and bone area as well as greater trabecular separation than the control. The OVX/T1DM and OVX/T1DM+Zn groups had significantly higher serum alkaline phosphatase activity than the control. The supplemented group had higher levels of serum-ionized calcium and phosphorus than the nonsupplemented group. The RANKL/OPG ratio was similar between the control and OVX/T1DM+Zn groups, whereas it was higher in the OVX/T1DM group. In conclusion, Zn supplementation prevents bone alteration in chronic OVX/T1DM rats, as demonstrated by the reduced RANKL/OPG ratio and preservation of bone architecture. The findings may represent a novel therapeutic approach to preventing OVX/T1DM-induced bone alterations.
Assuntos
Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Osteoprotegerina/metabolismo , Ligante RANK/metabolismo , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Animais , Glicemia/metabolismo , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Cálcio/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Osteoprotegerina/genética , Ovariectomia , Fósforo/sangue , Ligante RANK/genética , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of systemically administered zoledronic acid (ZOL) on the progression of periapical lesions in estrogen-deficient rats. METHODS: Female Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: SHAM-veh, sham surgery treated with vehicle (physiological saline); OVX-veh, ovariectomy treated with vehicle; SHAM-ZOL, sham surgery treated with ZOL; and OVX-ZOL, ovariectomy treated with ZOL. Vehicle or ZOL was administered intravenously once a week for 4 weeks. The pulp of the mandibular first molar of all rats was exposed to the oral environment to induce a periapical lesion, and the lesions were analyzed after 7 and 30 days. The mandibles were examined by micro-computed tomographic imaging and histopathologic, histometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS: Histopathologically, the OVX-veh group had more severe inflammation and bone loss and a larger number of cells that were positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase compared with the SHAM-veh and OVX-ZOL groups; the SHAM-veh and OVX-ZOL groups were similar to each other. The SHAM-ZOL group had the lowest magnitude of these conditions. Tomographically, the OVX-veh group had greater bone loss than the other groups at both time points. The SHAM-veh, SHAM-ZOL, and OVX-ZOL groups had similar bone loss at both time points. In the sagittal section on day 30, the SHAM-ZOL group had lower bone loss compared with the SHAM-veh and OVX-ZOL groups. CONCLUSIONS: The hypoestrogenic condition aggravates the progression of periapical lesions. ZOL therapy may help contain bone destruction of periapical lesions.
Assuntos
Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/uso terapêutico , Difosfonatos/uso terapêutico , Imidazóis/uso terapêutico , Osteonecrose/tratamento farmacológico , Periodontite Periapical/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Reabsorção Óssea , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica , Osteonecrose/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteonecrose/patologia , Ovariectomia , Periodontite Periapical/diagnóstico por imagem , Periodontite Periapical/patologia , Ratos Wistar , Microtomografia por Raio-X , Ácido ZoledrônicoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE : The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ovariectomy on the secretory apparatus of natriuretic peptides in right atrial cardiomyocytes. METHODS: Nine-month-old mice underwent bilateral ovariectomy or sham surgery. The blood exam of the ovariectomized mice showed results consistent with castrated females. Systolic blood pressure was measured after ovariectomy (9 mo of age) and at the moment of sacrifice (12 mo of age). Fragments of the right atrium were collected and prepared for electron microscopy examination. The following variables were quantified: the quantitative density and area of the natriuretic peptide granules, the relative volume of euchromatin in the nucleus, the number of pores per 10 μm of the nuclear membrane and the relative volumes of the mitochondria and Golgi complex. RESULTS: The cardiomyocytes obtained from ovariectomized mice indicated that the quantitative density and the area of secretory granules of natriuretic peptides were significantly lower compared with the sham-operated mice. Furthermore, there was a decrease in the relative volume of euchromatin, a lower density of nuclear pores, and lower relative volumes of the mitochondria and Golgi complex in the ovariectomized mice compared with the sham-operated mice. These findings suggest a pool with a low turnover rate, i.e., low synthesis and elimination of natriuretic peptides. CONCLUSION: A lack of estrogen caused hypotrophy of the secretory apparatus in right atrial cardiomyocytes that could explain the weak synthesis of natriuretic peptides in mice. Furthermore, one of the mechanisms of blood pressure control was lost, which may explain, in part, the elevated blood pressure in ovariectomized mice. .
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Fator Natriurético Atrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos Cardíacos/ultraestrutura , Ovariectomia/efeitos adversos , Fator Natriurético Atrial/análise , Pressão Sanguínea , Estradiol/sangue , Estrogênios/fisiologia , Eucromatina/ultraestrutura , Complexo de Golgi/ultraestrutura , Átrios do Coração/citologia , Tamanho Mitocondrial , Modelos Animais , Poro Nuclear/ultraestruturaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Accelerated bone loss that occurs in postmenopausal women has been linked to oxidative stress and increased free radicals. We propose the use of antioxidants to prevent and reverse postmenopausal osteoporosis. This study aimed to examine the effects of tocotrienol, a vitamin E analog, on bone loss due to estrogen deficiency. Our previous study showed that tocotrienol increased the trabecular bone volume and trabecular number in ovariectomized rats. In the current study, we investigated the effects of tocotrienol supplementation on various biochemical parameters in a postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 32 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. The baseline group was sacrificed at the start of the study, and another group was sham operated. The remaining rats were ovariectomized and either given olive oil as a vehicle or treated with tocotrienol at a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight. After four weeks of treatment, blood was withdrawn for the measurement of interleukin-1 (IL1) and interleukin-6 (IL6) (bone resorbing cytokines), serum osteocalcin (a bone formation marker) and pyridinoline (a bone resorption marker). RESULTS: Tocotrienol supplementation in ovariectomized rats significantly reduced the levels of osteocalcin, IL1 and IL6. However, it did not alter the serum pyridinoline level. CONCLUSION: Tocotrienol prevented osteoporotic bone loss by reducing the high bone turnover rate associated with estrogen deficiency. Therefore, tocotrienol has the potential to be used as an anti-osteoporotic agent in postmenopausal women. .
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Ratos , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/tratamento farmacológico , Tocotrienóis/uso terapêutico , Aminoácidos/sangue , Peso Corporal , Biomarcadores/sangue , Reabsorção Óssea/tratamento farmacológico , Reabsorção Óssea/prevenção & controle , Ingestão de Alimentos , Interleucina-1/sangue , /sangue , Ovariectomia , Osteocalcina/sangue , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/prevenção & controle , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We investigated the effects of chronic swimming training (ST) on the deposition of abdominal fat and vasoconstriction in response to angiotensin II (ANG II) in the coronary arterial bed of estrogen deficient rats. Twenty-eight 3-month old Wistar female rats were divided into 4 groups: sedentary sham (SS), sedentary-ovariectomized (SO), swimming-trained sham (STS) and swimming-trained ovariectomized (STO). ST protocol consisted of a continuous 60-min session, with a 5% BW load attached to the tail, completed 5 days/week for 8-weeks. The retroperitoneal, parametrial, perirenal and inguinal fat pads were measured. The intrinsic heart rate (IHR), coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and a concentration-response curve to ANG II in the coronary bed was constructed using the Langendorff preparation. Ovariectomy (OVX) significantly reduced 17-ß-estradiol plasma levels in SO and STO groups (p<0.05). The STO group had a significantly reduced retroperitoneal and parametrial fat pad compared with the SO group (p<0.05). IHR values were similar in all groups; however, baseline CPP was significantly reduced in the SO, STS and STO groups compared with the SS group (p<0.05). ANG II caused vasoconstriction in the coronary bed in a concentration-dependent manner. The SO group had an increased response to ANG II when compared with all other experimental groups (p<0.05), which was prevented by 8-weeks of ST in the STO group (p<0.05). OVX increased ANG II-induced vasoconstriction in the coronary vascular bed and abdominal fat pad deposition. Eight weeks of swimming training improved these vasoconstrictor effects and decreased abdominal fat deposition in ovariectomized rats.
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Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Angiotensina II/farmacologia , Ovariectomia , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasoconstritores/farmacologia , Animais , Vasos Coronários/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasos Coronários/fisiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Estradiol/sangue , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemorreologia/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Cultura de Órgãos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Natação/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of consuming repeatedly heated soy oil on the aortic tissues of estrogen-deficient rats. METHODS: Thirty female Sprague Dawley rats (200-250 g) were divided equally into five groups. One group served as the normal control (NC) group. The four treated groups were ovariectomized and were fed as follows: 2% cholesterol diet (OVXC); 2% cholesterol diet + fresh soy oil (FSO); 2% cholesterol diet + once-heated soy oil (1HSO); and 2% cholesterol diet + five-times-heated soy oil (5HSO). After four months, the rats were sacrificed, and the aortic tissues were obtained for histological studies. RESULTS: After four months of feeding, the NC, FSO and 1HSO groups had a lower body weight gain compared to the OVXC and 5HSO groups. The tunica intima/media ratio in the 5HSO group was significantly thicker (p < 0.05) compared to the NC, OVXC and FSO groups. Electron microscopy showed that endothelial cells were normally shaped in the FSO and NC groups but irregular in the 1HSO and 5HSO groups. A greater number of collagen fibers and vacuoles were observed in the 5HSO group compared to the other treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Fresh soy oil offered protection in the estrogen-deficient state, as these rats had similar features to those of the NC group. The damage to the tunica intima and the increase in the ratio of tunica intima/media thickness showed the deleterious effect of consuming repeatedly heated soy oil in castrated female rats.
Assuntos
Aorta Torácica/efeitos dos fármacos , Aterosclerose/prevenção & controle , Estrogênios/deficiência , Óleo de Soja/farmacologia , Animais , Aorta Torácica/ultraestrutura , Aterosclerose/patologia , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Temperatura Alta , Ovariectomia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Túnica Íntima/ultraestruturaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of consuming repeatedly heated soy oil on the aortic tissues of estrogen-deficient rats. METHODS: Thirty female Sprague Dawley rats (200- 250 g) were divided equally into five groups. One group served as the normal control (NC) group. The four treated groups were ovariectomized and were fed as follows: 2 percent cholesterol diet (OVXC); 2 percent cholesterol diet + fresh soy oil (FSO); 2 percent cholesterol diet + once-heated soy oil (1HSO); and 2 percent cholesterol diet + five-times-heated soy oil (5HSO). After four months, the rats were sacrificed, and the aortic tissues were obtained for histological studies. RESULTS: After four months of feeding, the NC, FSO and 1HSO groups had a lower body weight gain compared to the OVXC and 5HSO groups. The tunica intima/media ratio in the 5HSO group was significantly thicker (p < 0.05) compared to the NC, OVXC and FSO groups. Electron microscopy showed that endothelial cells were normally shaped in the FSO and NC groups but irregular in the 1HSO and 5HSO groups. A greater number of collagen fibers and vacuoles were observed in the 5HSO group compared to the other treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Fresh soy oil offered protection in the estrogen-deficient state, as these rats had similar features to those of the NC group. The damage to the tunica intima and the increase in the ratio of tunica intima/media thickness showed the deleterious effect of consuming repeatedly heated soy oil in castrated female rats.