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BACKGROUND: Environmental perception involves the interpretation and interaction of individuals with their surroundings, influenced by cultural, social, and individual factors. Analyzing the environmental perception of children and adolescents contributes to fostering awareness and ethical behavior toward the environment. Indigenous communities, such as the Karajá from Brazil, possess significant environmental knowledge due to their connection with nature, providing distinctive insights into biodiversity and natural interconnections. In this study, the perception of fungi among Karajá indigenous children and adolescents was investigated. METHODS: The study involved 229 elementary school students from the Macaúba, Fontoura and Santa Isabel do Morro communities, located on Bananal Island, Brazil. Students were encouraged to draw what they knew about fungi and answer where they learned about fungi and what name they give to these organisms. The drawings were analyzed considering seven categories. RESULTS: The term most used to refer to fungi was hedoro(u) (56%), followed by fungus (21%) and mushroom (11%). Most students said they had learned about fungi in nature (38%) and at school (36%). The most represented organisms were in fact fungi (93%), mainly being portrayed in nature (94%). Most participants did not attribute any ecological function to fungi (83%), although 16% of them recognized fungi as decomposers and 1% as phytopathogenic agents. Negative aspects, particularly food contamination, were more frequently represented (13%) than positive aspects (4%). The drawings identified two morphological types: mushrooms (87%) and mold (13%). Among these mushrooms, 68% possibly represent the Amanita muscaria species. CONCLUSIONS: Although the children and adolescents showed that they noticed the fungi around them, the group's concept and understanding were limited to the figure of the mushroom and the negative aspects related to food contamination. Strong association of the fungi with the A. muscaria is noteworthy, since it does not occur in the environment in which the participants live, suggesting that external stimuli, such as TV or the internet, can influence their perception more than the nature they are exposed to.

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The idea of separation between person and nature, accentuated by current production and consumption models, has generated unthinkable impacts, causing an unprecedented loss and degradation of the global environment. Occupying 13% of the Brazilian territory, the Atlantic Forest is the second-largest tropical rainforest on the American continent; however, it is one of the most threatened biomes in the world, with only 12% of the original cover. In this study, we consider that enabling young people to experience direct contact with nearby natural environments can positively influence their knowledge and feelings about the biodiversity that occurs there, contributing to its protection and conservation for current and future generations. In this study, we explore how teenagers (n = 17) aged between 13 and 17 years old describe and perceive the nearby natural environment before and after an interpretive trail in Una, Bahia, Brazil. Participants were asked to draw the Atlantic Forest with colored pencils on white paper and, based on the drawing, they answered the following questions: "What is in your drawing? and "What is happening in your drawing?," in addition to other information such as the title of the drawing, difficulty of the activity, and sociodemographic aspects. Content analysis was used to analyze the information collected. From the drawings and responses of the participants, categories related to knowledge, experiences, and types of relationships with the visited place emerged. We count the frequency of drawing elements before and after the visit, together with a qualitative analysis of the descriptions of their feelings and meanings attributed to the visit, highlighting the different elements and their relationships. The results showed that, after the trail, the participants manifested bonds of proximity with the visited environment and the organisms protected there, evidencing expressive changes in their perceptions of the person-nature interaction, in the specific knowledge of the visited ecosystem, and in the different forms of relationship provided by the visitation itinerary.

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This study aimed to examine the relationship between Walk Score index with walking to commuting, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and screen time in older adults. Georeferenced addresses were entered into the Walk Score platform. Walking to commute and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and categorized according to the World Health Organization recommendations. Screen time was analyzed through self-reported time watching television/being on the computer. We used binary logistic regression to estimate the association between variables. Older adults who lived in places with higher Walk Score had a higher prevalence of walking to commuting (odds ratio = 1.73; 95% confidence interval [1.18, 2.55]) and engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (odds ratio = 1.76; 95% confidence interval [1.05, 2.98]). A relationship also was observed between higher Walk Score and more time in screen time (odds ratio = 1.67; 95% confidence interval [1.19, 2.34]). The results showed that residing in a more walkable neighborhood increased the chances of the older adults spending 3 hr or more in front of a screen.

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This study aims to examine the association between neighborhood environment attributes and changes in walking for transportation among older adults. Longitudinal analysis was performed considering a population-based study (EpiFloripa Idoso), carried out in 2009-2010 with follow-up in 2013-2014. Changes in walking, obtained with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire during both waves were associated with data from the environment perception, evaluated using individual items from the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (baseline only) performing multinomial logistic regression. A total of 1,162 older adults (65.2% women, mean age = 73.7 years) participated. Those who reported the presence of parks and squares (OR = 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI; 1.70, 3.51]), sidewalks (OR = 1.66, 95% CI [1.03, 2.70]), crosswalks (OR = 1.69, 95% CI [1.05, 2.72]), illuminated streets (OR = 2.80, 95% CI [1.24, 6.33]), and safety for day walks (OR = 1.93, 95% CI [1.14, 3.24]) were more likely to remain active or become active when commuting (≥150 min/week). Older adults are more active in neighborhoods that present more favorable attributes regarding walking for transportation.

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Fluvial systems are particularly sensitive to changes in the terrestrial ecosystems where they are embedded, receiving simultaneously the impact of multiple stressors. The design of adequate management policies requires analyzing fluvial systems as social-ecological systems, because the decoupling of natural and social systems can lead to a severe mismatch between maintaining ecological integrity and the pursuit of human well-being. Pampean streams are especially prone to the impact of human activities because they are located in a region that provides almost half of the agricultural production of Argentina and concentrates 66% of the whole population of the country. In the present work, we conceived a general social-ecological framework that links the occurrence of multiple stressors and their impacts on ecosystem services, with changes in environmental perception of streams, which in turn feedback over institutional actions at the watershed's governance. We identified four current key drivers of the dynamics in Pampean streams: a dominant agro-industrial model for the region, a command-and-control governance regime mainly based on an engineering hydraulic perspective, the real estate market speculation of surrounding lands, and the persistence of structural poverty in urban areas. The resulting dynamics resembles the occurrence of different kinds of social-ecological traps, i.e., a highly stable but undesirable state of the system that is difficult to escape. Based on this analysis, we provide a leverage point perspective to avoid this trap. Together, this approach could be applied to other fluvial systems of the world to link the ecological and social domains to multiple stressors analysis, and to improve institutional fit for the sustainability of fluvial social-ecological systems.

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Resumo Trata-se de um estudo de caso numa penitenciária do Ceará, Brasil, cujo objetivo foi identificar e analisar percepções ambientais de usuários em ambiente penal, pela expressão de suas experiências no lugar, bem como das simbologias a ele atribuídos. Por meio de entrevistas narrativas realizadas em novembro de 2017, participaram da pesquisa seis presos e seis agentes penitenciários. Suas respostas passaram por análise de conteúdo, permitindo identificar dimensões macro, meso, exo e microsistêmicas de relações ambientais na prisão. Fundamentado na Psicologia Ambiental, concluiu-se que a prisão provoca uma ruptura sócio relacional com o mundo exterior, demonstrando ser incômodo mais relevante do que a sujeição forçada em espaço fisicamente inadequado e superlotado. Ponderou-se, dentre outras reflexões, sobre a função social do aprisionamento que, nas condições atuais, apresenta-se distante dos objetivos de reinserção social e recuperação de pessoas. A prisão provoca sentimentos negativos e depreciadores nas, e sobre, pessoas que o vivenciam.

Resumen Estudio de caso en una prisión de Ceará, Brasil, con el objetivo de identificar y analizar las percepciones ambientales de los usuarios a través de la expresión de sus experiencias en el lugar y así como las simbologías que se le atribuyen. A través de entrevistas narrativas realizadas en noviembre de 2017, participaron en la investigación seis presos y seis oficiales de prisión. Sus respuestas pasaron por análisis de contenido, lo que permitió identificar dimensiones macro, meso, exo y microsistémicas de las relaciones ambientales en la prisión. Basado en la Psicología Ambiental, se concluyó que el encarcelamiento causa una ruptura socio-relacional con el mundo exterior, lo que demuestra ser molestia más relevante que la sujeción forzada en un espacio físicamente inadecuado y superpoblado. Se consideró que la función social del encarcelamiento está lejos de los objetivos de reintegración social y recuperación de las personas. El encarcelamiento causa sentimientos negativos y despectivos en y sobre las personas que lo experimentan.

Abstract This is a case study from a Brazilian prison unit, in the state of Ceará. Its aim was to identify and analyze a prison environment user's perceptions through the expression of their experiences and of the symbology assigned to the place. Through narrative interviews accomplished in November 2017, the research reached six inmates and six prison officers as participants. Their answer went through content analysis, which allowed the identification of macro, meso, exo and micro systemic dimensions of the prison's environmental relations. Grounded in Environmental Psychology, the study concluded that prison causes a social relational break with the outside world. This way, this break demonstrated to bother people more than the forced bondage inside a physically inadequate and overcrowded space. Among other reflections, it was considered that currently the social function of imprisonment is far from the goals of people's social reintegration and recovery. Instead, imprisonment causes negative and derogatory feelings in and about people who experience it.

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As políticas brasileiras, no campo da educação, estimulam a relação escola-bairro como parte importante do processo educativo, para o que entendemos ser fundamental valorizar tanto as características do ambiente sócio físico, quanto a experiência das pessoas que ali convivem. Com base nesse quadro geral, investigamos a percepção dos estudantes sobre os locais onde moram e estudam, explorando os limites do bairro e como situam a escola nesse contexto. Metodologicamente foram utilizados diários pessoais com solicitação do desenho de mapas e entrevistas realizadas durante caminhadas pela área. Participaram 23 estudantes (15 mulheres e 7 homens), com idades entre 13 e 17 anos, matriculados no 9º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública do bairro Guarapes, Natal-RN. Os resultados mostram sua percepção sobre a setorização do espaço, a predominância de descrições gráficas relativas ao centro do bairro e dificuldades no reconhecimento de mudanças previstas para acontecerem naquela zona urbana.(AU)

Brazil's policies in the field of education encourage school-community relathionship as an important part of the educational process, for which we believe is essential to valorise both the physical characteristics of the social environment and the experience of the people who live there. Based on this, we investigate the perception of students about where they live and study, exploring the boundaries of the local and how to place the school in this context. Methodologically they were used diary personal with drawing maps and interviews during walks in the area. There were 23 students (15 women and 7 men) aged between 13 and 17 years enrolled in the 9th grade in a public school Guarapes neighborhood, Natal-RN. The results show their perception of the compartmentalization of space, the predominance of graphic descriptions of the center of the neighborhood and difficulties in recognizing changes set to take place in that urban area.(AU)

Políticas de Brasil en el campo de la educación fomentan la relacion escuela-barrio como una parte importante del proceso educativo, esencial para valorizar tanto las características físicas del entorno social y la experiencia de las personas que viven allí. Sobre este marco, se investiga la percepción de los estudiantes acerca de donde viven y estudian, la exploración de los límites del barrio y cómo colocar la escuela en este contexto. Metodológicamente fueron utilizados diarios personales con el dibujo de mapas y entrevistas durante los paseos en la zona. Había 23 estudiantes (15 mujeres y 7 hombres) con edades entre los 13 y 17 años matriculados en el noveno grado en una escuela pública situado en barrio Guarapes, Natal-RN. Los resultados muestran la compartimentación del espacio, el predominio de las descripciones gráficas del centro de la zona y las dificultades para reconocer los cambios que tendrá lugar en esa zona urbana.(AU)

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Investigamos a percepção das mudanças climáticas globais e de sua gravidade em relação às escalas espacial e temporal. Colaboraram 52 estudantes, de ensino médio e superior, sendo 17 do sexo feminino e 35 do masculino. Utilizamos um questionário com perguntas tanto abertas como de múltipla escolha. Detectamos paralelos com o viés de otimismo espacial reportado na literatura, ou seja, uma visão mais positiva da situação quando se trata de ambientes geograficamente mais próximos do respondente. Esse otimismo também foi claramente identificado na escala temporal do momento presente. Para temporalidades maiores (10, 25, ou mais anos no futuro), as tendências observadas não foram tão claras, mas sugerem um otimismo temporal, e não o pessimismo temporal ("as coisas vão piorar") encontrado em estudos anteriores. Esses achados podem nortear projetos de educação ambiental que enfoquem o âmbito local e condições de existência no mesmo, indo além da avaliação positiva costumeiramente identificada na literatura (AU).

Global climate changes: Perception bias, time and space. We investigated the perception of global climate changes (GCCs) and their severity in relation to spatial and temporal scales. Participants were 52 students of secondary and higher education, being 17 females and 35 males. We employed a questionnaire containing open- ended and multiple-choice issues. We detected parallels with the bias of spatial optimism reported in the literature, that is, a more positive assessment of the situation for environments geographically closer to the respondent. This optimism was also clearly identified in the time scale of the present moment. For major temporalities (10, 25, or more years in the future), the trends observed were not so clear, but suggest a temporal optimism, not the temporal pessimism ("things will get worse") found in previous studies. These findings can guide environmental education projects that focus on the local scope and conditions of existence in the same, going beyond the positive evaluation customarily identified in the literature (AU).

Cambio climático global: Sesgo de percepción, tiempo y espacio. Investigamos la percepción de los cambios climáticos globales (CCGs) y de su gravedad con relación a las escalas espacial y temporal. Colaboraran 52 estudiantes, de enseñanza media y superior, siendo 17 del sexo femenino e 35 del masculino. Utilizamos un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y de elección múltiple. Detectamos paralelos con el sesgo de optimismo espacial mencionado en la literatura, o sea, una visión más positiva de la situación cuando se trata de ambientes geográficamente más cercanos del respondiente. Ese optimismo también fue claramente identificado en la escala temporal del momento presente. Para temporalidades mayores (10, 25, o más años en el futuro), las tendencias observadas no fueran tan claras, pero sugieren un optimismo temporal, y no el pesimismo temporal ("las cosas van a empeorar") encontrado en estudios anteriores. Estos hallazgos pueden orientar proyectos de educación ambiental que enfoquen el ámbito local y condiciones de existencia en el mismo, yendo más allá de la evaluación positiva habitualmente identificada en la literatura (AU).

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From the perception of human populations, we can assess the changes occurring in certain landscapes and the factors that cause those changes. Such studies have proven helpful in increasing the knowledge of the history of a landscape, recognizing past formations and projecting its future. Our research objective was to determine how a landscape dominated by the palm tree Attalea speciosa, a species of ecological, economic, and cultural importance, has been changing over time by synthesizing and comparing historical documents and local perceptions. This study was conducted in Araripe Environmental Protection Area, Northeast Region, Brazil. To understand local landscape change, we interviewed active harvesters in four communities in which A. speciosa use has been documented. Historical documents were evaluated as a complement to the interview data. According to local informants, areas previously used for cultivation and animal husbandry that were abandoned or decimated by droughts in the region may have fostered the expansion of a monodominant A. speciosa forest. Furthermore, other forms of landscape management resulting from human population growth may also have affected the current and past distribution of this forest.

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En las temáticas de promoción de salud mental existe una carencia sistemática de investigaciones que documenten la importancia de las cualidades del ambiente físico en el desarrollo de políticas públicas de salud. Actualmente existen varias líneas emergentes de investigación sobre ambientes restauradores (AR) y restauración psicológica (RP) que pueden contribuir a la definición conceptual y operativa de las cualidades del ambiente que pueden ser relevantes para promover la salud mental. La RP se relaciona con la recuperación de los recursos cognitivos y de la capacidad de respuesta psicofisiológica que experimentan las personas ante la exposición a ambientes con cualidades restauradoras. En el presente estudio se documenta la aplicación de un modelo ecológico social del impacto de la naturaleza urbana en la RP considerando un contexto de vivienda. Se planteó como objetivo documentar los posibles efectos restauradores de variables relacionadas con la presencia de Naturaleza Urbana-NU (e.g. vistas de naturaleza en las ventanas de las viviendas, plantas y jardines interiores, proximidad de áreas verdes exteriores), Procesos Psicológicos de Transacción con el Medio Ambiente - PPTRAMA (actividades con la naturaleza y percepción de restauración ambiental de la vivienda) sobre indicadores emotivos y cognitivos de la RP. Para conseguir tal objetivo se ha llevado a cabo un estudio en el que se entrevistaron en sus domicilios a 120 personas (edad media 45.73 años, 63 hombres y 57 mujeres) de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México. Por medio de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales se comprobó que la NU tiene efectos directos e indirectos en la dimensión emotiva y cognitiva de la RP. Del abordaje teórico, conceptual y metodológico se desprende una plataforma conceptual a partir de la cual es posible desarrollar investigación innovadora con implicaciones empíricas relevantes para la promoción de la salud mental.

Topics relating to mental health promotion systematically lack research that documents the importance of physical environment qualities in the development of public health policies. At the present time, several emerging research lines regarding restorative environments (RE) and psychological restoration (PR) may contribute to the conceptual and operational definition of relevant environmental qualities promoting mental health. PR relates to the recovery of people's cognitive resources and psychophysiological responses when exposed to environments with restorative qualities. The present study documents the application of an ecological social model regarding the impact of urban nature on PR in a housing context. We posed the objective to document possible restoration effects of variables related to Urban Nature-UN (for example, views of nature from housing windows, indoor plants and gardens, proximity to outdoor green areas) and Psychological Transaction Processes with the Environment - PTRAPE (activities in nature and perception of environmental restoration of housing) on emotional and cognitive indicators of PR. To achieve this goal, we carried out a study with 120 individual home interviews (mean age of 45.73 years, 63 men and 57 women) in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. The structural equations model showed that UN has both direct and indirect effects on emotional and cognitive dimension of PR. This theoretical, conceptual, and methodological approach provides a conceptual platform to carry out innovative research with relevant empirical implications for mental health promotion.

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This article investigates the impact of women's double vulnerability, the social and environmental vulnerability that makes them household heads, and the processes that enable them to overcome vulnerability and empower themselves at the local level. An empirical study conducted in the Yautepec river basin in the state of Morelos in Mexico explores the impacts of climate change and socio-environmental migration on this rural population. The study combined quantitative and qualitative methods. In the context of the concept of dual vulnerability, environmental and social, the research analysed the relationship between environmental degradation and adverse social conditions, and an Index of Social Vulnerability was developed. The research results showed that when families are faced with a survival dilemma, men migrate, leaving women overburdened with a workload which leads to illness and malaise. At the same time, having assumed the role of household head with all its productive, caring and educational activities, women become empowered. They become involved in local public activities and are able to break up existing corrupt male chiefdoms. In conclusion, the study found that the feminization of agriculture and local public services had allowed women to recover eroded land thanks to organic farming, and to improve public services in their communities.

Este artículo investiga el impacto que ha tenido la doble vulnerabilidad, la ambiental y la social, en las mujeres transformadas en jefas de hogar, cuando sus parejas han emigrado y los procesos que les han permitido superar su malestar y empoderarse a nivel local. El estudio empírico, llevado a cabo en la cuenca del río Yautepec explora los impactos del cambio climático y la migración socio-ambiental en la población rural; combina métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos y analiza la doble vulnerabilidad, ambiental y social; incluye, además, la construcción de un Índice de Vulnerabilidad Social. Los resultados arrojaron que ante un dilema de supervivencia, el jefe de hogar emigra frecuentemente, dejando una sobrecarga de trabajo, lo que provoca malestar a su esposa. No obstante, al asumir la jefatura del hogar, varias mujeres se han empoderado y han incursionado además en cargos públicos locales, donde han tenido que romper cacicazgos que se encontraban en manos de hombres corruptos. Como conclusión, se encontró que la feminización de la agricultura y los servicios públicos locales han permitido a las jefas de hogar recuperar suelos erosionados, gracias a la agricultura orgánica; a la vez, varias mujeres han mejorado los servicios públicos en sus comunidades.

Este artigo investiga o impacto que vem tendo a dupla vulnerabilidade, ambiental e social, nas mulheres transformadas em chefe de família, quando seus companheiros emigraram e os processos que lhes permitiram superar seu mal-estar e empoderarse a nível local. O estudo empírico, feito na bacia do rio Yautepec explora os impactos da mudança climática e da migração socioambiental na população rural; combina métodos quantitativos e qualitativos e analisa a dupla vulnerabilidade, ambiental e social; além disso inclui a construção de um Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social. Os resultados mostraram que diante de um dilema de SOBREVIVÊNCIA, o chefe de família emigra frequentemente, deixando uma sobrecarga de trabalho, o que provoca mal-estar na sua esposa. Não obstante, ao assumir a chefia do lar, várias mulheres se empoderaram e além disso começaram a ocupar cargos públicos locais que, encontravam-se nas mãos de homens corruptos. Como conclusão, encontrouse que a feminização da agricultura e dos serviços públicos locais permitiram aos chefes de família recuperar solos erodidos graças à agricultura orgânica; e ao mesmo tempo, várias mulheres melhoraram os serviços públicos das suas comunidades.

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As Caatingas, único Bioma exclusivamente brasileiro, têm sofrido grande extrativismo dos recursos, com perdas de diversidade biológica associadas ao fornecimento de madeira e extratos vegetais. As consequências impactantes sobre este Bioma têm levado a busca de estratégias para conservação, como a criação de Unidades de Conservação (UCs), a exemplo da Estação Ecológica do Seridó (ESEC Seridó), localizada no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, cujas comunidades do entorno mantêm forte relação com esta ESEC. Como o mau uso dos recursos da Caatinga tem sido fortemente associado às necessidades das populações que ali habitam, este trabalho objetivou o estudo da percepção ambiental das comunidades do entorno da ESEC Seridó, focando sobre o conhecimento dessas sobre plantas de uso medicinal. Contabilizaram-se 48 espécies de plantas nativas e 39 exóticas, sendo 31 e 14 com propriedades medicinais, respectivamente. Foi constatado um rico conhecimento dessas comunidades sobre as plantas presentes nessa região, e a riqueza desses resultados são relevantes para futuras estratégias de gestão nesta Unidade de Conservação.

Caatinga, the only exclusively Brazilian biome, has suffered exploitation of its natural resources, with loss of biodiversity associated with wood and plant extract supply. The resulting impacts on this biome have led to the search for strategies for its conservation like the establishment of Conservation Units (CUs), such as the Ecological Station of Seridó (ESEC Seridó) located in Rio Grande do Norte State. The human communities in ESEC Seridó environs maintain a strong relationship with this conservation unit. Considering that the misuse of caatinga resources has been strongly linked to the needs of its inhabitants, this work aimed to investigate the environmental perception of communities from the environs of ESEC Seridó, focusing on the popular knowledge about plants of medicinal use. This investigation recorded 48 native and 39 exotic species, of which 31 and 14 species, respectively, had medicinal properties. The communities surveyed showed a deep knowledge of the plants found in that region and the wealth of these results is relevant for future management strategies in this Conservation Unit.

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Biodiversity is threatened by many human activities, and the creation of newConservation Units (CUs) attempts to reduce this threat. However, this alone has not achievedthe expected results. Partnerships are being established with local communities through researchthat includes the perceptions of these individuals. Environmental Perception has been used tounderstand and improve the people-environment relationship in these areas. The CaatingaBiome suffers threats and losses from anthropogenic action. Few of its areas are protected byCUs and further conservation efforts are needed. The Seridó Ecological Station (Seridó ESEC)is one of the few CUs in the Caatinga of Rio Grande do Norte State (NE Brazil). AnEnvironmental Perception study was carried out in this area using Ethnozoology concepts toinvestigate the perceptions of the surrounding communities and use of local fauna. Ninety-twointerviews were conducted in 4 communities with 514 statements obtained in 58 vernacularnames. The animal most cited was the Rhea (bird) with 58 citations. Its main uses weremedicinal or as human food. The rich local knowledge observed may be used in a partnership tocorrectly manage local resources in the Seridó ESEC.(AU)

A biodiversidade é ameaçada pormuitas atividades humanas impactantes, e a criação de novas Unidades de Conservação (UCs),que tentam minimizar essas ameaças, mas por si só, não têm levado aos resultados esperados. Oestabelecimento de parcerias com comunidades locais, por meio de pesquisas que incluam apercepção dessas pessoas vem sendo aplicadas. A Percepção Ambiental tem sido utilizada paraconhecer e aperfeiçoar a relação homem-ambiente nessas áreas. A Caatinga, Bioma que sofreameaças e perdas por ações antrópicas, possui poucas áreas protegidas por UCs necessitandodesta e de outras ações de conservação. Uma das UCs da Caatinga é a Estação Ecológica doSeridó (ESEC Seridó). Foi elaborado um instrumento de pesquisa baseado na PercepçãoAmbiental, aliado aos conceitos da Etnozoologia, para conhecer as comunidades que habitam oentorno dessa ESEC, suas percepções e usos sobre a fauna local. Realizaram-se 92 entrevistas emquatro comunidades, obtendo-se, 514 citações, identificadas em 58 nomes vernaculares. Oanimal mais citado foi a ema (ave) com 58 citações, e os usos em destaque, são: medicinal ealimentação humana. O etnoconhecimento da população mostrou-se rico e pode constituirponto de partida para o processo de gestão dos recursos naturais da ESEC Seridó.(AU)

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Biodiversity is threatened by many human activities, and the creation of new Conservation Units (CUs) attempts to reduce this threat. However, this alone has not achieved the expected results. Partnerships are being established with local communities through research that includes the perceptions of these individuals. Environmental Perception has been used to understand and improve the people-environment relationship in these areas. The Caatinga Biome suffers threats and losses from anthropogenic action. Few of its areas are protected by CUs and further conservation efforts are needed. The Seridó Ecological Station (Seridó ESEC) is one of the few CUs in the Caatinga of Rio Grande do Norte State (NE Brazil). An Environmental Perception study was carried out in this area using Ethnozoology concepts to investigate the perceptions of the surrounding communities and use of local fauna. Ninety-two interviews were conducted in 4 communities with 514 statements obtained in 58 vernacular names. The animal most cited was the Rhea (bird) with 58 citations. Its main uses were medicinal or as human food. The rich local knowledge observed may be used in a partnership to correctly manage local resources in the Seridó ESEC.

A biodiversidade é ameaçada por muitas atividades humanas impactantes, e a criação de novas Unidades de Conservação (UC's), que tentam minimizar essas ameaças, mas por si só, não têm levado aos resultados esperados. O estabelecimento de parcerias com comunidades locais, por meio de pesquisas que incluam a percepção dessas pessoas vem sendo aplicadas. A Percepção Ambiental tem sido utilizada para conhecer e aperfeiçoar a relação homem-ambiente nessas áreas. A Caatinga, Bioma que sofre ameaças e perdas por ações antrópicas, possui poucas áreas protegidas por UC's necessitando desta e de outras ações de conservação. Uma das UC's da Caatinga é a Estação Ecológica do Seridó (ESEC Seridó). Foi elaborado um instrumento de pesquisa baseado na Percepção Ambiental, aliado aos conceitos da Etnozoologia, para conhecer as comunidades que habitam o entorno dessa ESEC, suas percepções e usos sobre a fauna local. Realizaram-se 92 entrevistas em quatro comunidades, obtendo-se, 514 citações, identificadas em 58 nomes vernaculares. O animal mais citado foi a ema (ave) com 58 citações, e os usos em destaque, são: medicinal e alimentação humana. O etnoconhecimento da população mostrou-se rico e pode constituir ponto de partida para o processo de gestão dos recursos naturais da ESEC Seridó.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este trabalho trata da individuação e da percepção a partir de duas filosofias contemporâneas: os fundamentos fenomenológicos da percepção (Merleau-Ponty) e as relações entre percepção e individuação (Gilbert Simondon). Essas duas composições teóricas podem criar outros espaços de reflexão para as pesquisas em percepção ambiental. A percepção primordial, a importância da corporeidade como redescoberta do mundo vivido e a experiência estética que instaura os espaços de criação nas artes são categorias merleau-pontianas que permitem redimensionar os significados da relação humano-ambiente. O "diálogo" entre essas experiências de criação (discutidas por Merleau-Ponty) e os processos de individuação da/com a percepção (Simondon) pode suscitar novas abordagens de partida para estudos em percepção ambiental, inspirando novas possibilidades no domínio da Educação Ambiental.

This work deals with individuation and perception from two contemporary philosophies. Phenomenological foundations of perception (Merleau-Ponty) and the connections between perception and individuation (Gilbert Simondon). These two theoretical compositions may encourage reflections on researches into environmental perception. The primordial perception, the importance of corporeity as the rediscovery of a living world and the aesthetic experience that may restore spaces of creation in the arts are Merleau-Ponty's categories which allow a re-evaluation of the human-environment relationship. The "dialog" between these creation experiences (Merleau-Ponty) and the processes of individuation of/with perception (Simondon) may suggest new approaches to studies in environmental perception, inspire new possibilities in environmental education.

RESUMO

A percepção que o ser humano tem da natureza e do espaço habitado é marcada pela imaginação, pela afetividade, pela memória e pela sensibilidade estética. O significado da experiência estética está presente tanto nas construções do lugar habitado quanto na contemplação dos ambientes preservados. No presente ensaio, propomos um caminho reflexivo que evidencia essa necessidade estética do humano, focando-a nas categorias natureza e espaços do cotidiano como âmbitos de vivência. Tecemos considerações sobre os possíveis significados da teoria estética para a educação ambiental. Para tanto, partimos do resgate de referenciais teóricos da fenomenologia e do campo da filosofia estética, que incluem Merleau-Ponty, Bachelard, Dufrenne e Quintás.

Human being's perception of nature and of the inhabited space is marked by imagination, affectivity, memory and aesthetic sensibility. The meaning of aesthetic experience is present in the buildings of the inhabited place as well as in the sight of preserved environments. In the present paper we propose a reflective way that makes evident this aesthetic need of mankind, focusing it in the categories of natural and daily spaces as scopes of life experience. We consider the possible meanings of aesthetic theory for environmental education. Thus we start at the recovery of theoretical references of phenomenology and of aesthetic philosophy that include Merleau-Ponty, Bachelard, Dufrenne, and Quintás.

RESUMO

Snakebites were registered in 10 riverside communities of the lower Purus River through interviews with the victims. Local inhabitants answered questions about their perception on ecological aspects of snakes species involved in snakebites. Snake size and bite height on the victim body were estimated with measuring tape. Correspondence of local names and scientific species were obtained by using descriptions and images of the snakes. Additional data on the number of families with snakebites victims were obtained from social-economic surveys for other 17 communities in the Piagaçu Purus Reserve. Eighteen people and 28 snakebites events were registered in five communities. The number of victims per community was not related to population's size. The number of families with victims was higher in larger communities (r²= 0.444; p= 0.003). Approximately 88% of snakebites were inflicted on the lower limbs of the victims. There was no relationship between estimated snake's size and the height of the bite. Most snakebites occurred at daytime (82.14%), and during the high rive period (64.28%) that coincides with the extraction of brazil nut and timber by the local people when they spend more time in the forest. Only one death due to snakebite was registered. The species Bothrops atrox was responsible for most of the accidents in the region. Snake's identification by local people revealed various synonymies, with 20 local names attributed to 33 species. In their perception, B. atrox and Lachesis muta were the most dangerous species and differ in attack behavior.

Acidentes ofídicos foram registrados em dez comunidades ribeirinhas do baixo rio Purus através de entrevista às vítimas. Os ribeirinhos responderam perguntas sobre a percepção ambiental da ecologia das serpentes envolvidas nos acidentes. O tamanho das serpentes e a altura da mordida no corpo foram estimados com fita métrica. A correspondência entre os nomes locais e científicos das serpentes foi levantada utilizando descrições e imagens das espécies. Para outras 17 comunidades dados adicionais do número de famílias com vítimas de acidentes ofídicos foram avaliados através do diagnóstico sócio-ambiental da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Piagaçu-Purus. Foram entrevistados 18 ribeirinhos e registrados 28 acidentes ofídicos em cinco comunidades. O número de vítimas por comunidade não teve relação com o tamanho da população. O número de famílias com vítimas foi maior em comunidades maiores (r²= 0,444; p= 0,003). Aproximadamente 88% das mordidas foram nos membros inferiores. Não houve relação do tamanho estimado da serpente com a altura da mordida. A maioria dos acidentes ocorreu de dia (82,14%) e no período de cheia (64,28%) na época de exploração da castanha-da-Amazônia e da madeira pelos ribeirinhos, atividades que despendem maior tempo na floresta. Um único caso de morte por acidente ofídico foi registrado. A serpente Bothrops atrox foi à espécie mais relacionada com acidentes na região. O reconhecimento das serpentes pelos ribeirinhos revelou várias sinonímias, com 20 nomes locais atribuídos a 33 espécies. Na percepção dos ribeirinhos as serpentes B. atrox e Lachesis muta foram às espécies mais temidas e diferem no comportamento de ataque.

RESUMO

Snakebites were registered in 10 riverside communities of the lower Purus River through interviews with the victims. Local inhabitants answered questions about their perception on ecological aspects of snakes species involved in snakebites. Snake size and bite height on the victim body were estimated with measuring tape. Correspondence of local names and scientific species were obtained by using descriptions and images of the snakes. Additional data on the number of families with snakebites victims were obtained from social-economic surveys for other 17 communities in the Piagaçu Purus Reserve. Eighteen people and 28 snakebites events were registered in five communities. The number of victims per community was not related to population's size. The number of families with victims was higher in larger communities (r²= 0.444; p= 0.003). Approximately 88% of snakebites were inflicted on the lower limbs of the victims. There was no relationship between estimated snake's size and the height of the bite. Most snakebites occurred at daytime (82.14%), and during the high rive period (64.28%) that coincides with the extraction of brazil nut and timber by the local people when they spend more time in the forest. Only one death due to snakebite was registered. The species Bothrops atrox was responsible for most of the accidents in the region. Snake's identification by local people revealed various synonymies, with 20 local names attributed to 33 species. In their perception, B. atrox and Lachesis muta were the most dangerous species and differ in attack behavior.

Acidentes ofídicos foram registrados em dez comunidades ribeirinhas do baixo rio Purus através de entrevista às vítimas. Os ribeirinhos responderam perguntas sobre a percepção ambiental da ecologia das serpentes envolvidas nos acidentes. O tamanho das serpentes e a altura da mordida no corpo foram estimados com fita métrica. A correspondência entre os nomes locais e científicos das serpentes foi levantada utilizando descrições e imagens das espécies. Para outras 17 comunidades dados adicionais do número de famílias com vítimas de acidentes ofídicos foram avaliados através do diagnóstico sócio-ambiental da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Piagaçu-Purus. Foram entrevistados 18 ribeirinhos e registrados 28 acidentes ofídicos em cinco comunidades. O número de vítimas por comunidade não teve relação com o tamanho da população. O número de famílias com vítimas foi maior em comunidades maiores (r²= 0,444; p= 0,003). Aproximadamente 88% das mordidas foram nos membros inferiores. Não houve relação do tamanho estimado da serpente com a altura da mordida. A maioria dos acidentes ocorreu de dia (82,14%) e no período de cheia (64,28%) na época de exploração da castanha-da-Amazônia e da madeira pelos ribeirinhos, atividades que despendem maior tempo na floresta. Um único caso de morte por acidente ofídico foi registrado. A serpente Bothrops atrox foi à espécie mais relacionada com acidentes na região. O reconhecimento das serpentes pelos ribeirinhos revelou várias sinonímias, com 20 nomes locais atribuídos a 33 espécies. Na percepção dos ribeirinhos as serpentes B. atrox e Lachesis muta foram às espécies mais temidas e diferem no comportamento de ataque.

RESUMO

O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar o estado geral da qualidade das águas do rio Belém a partir de duas abordagens complementares: o uso do Índice de Qualidade das Águas da National Sanitation Foundation e de protocolos perceptivos (Indicador de Intensidade Antrópica e Indicador de Valor de Habitat). Para o monitoramento, foram selecionados 10 pontos no seu canal principal além da foz dos 13 tributários principais. Os resultados do IQA nsf mostraram perda progressiva da qualidade das águas da nascente para a foz em razão do aporte de esgotos domésticos oriundos das regiões mais densamente habitadas próximas ao centro da cidade. A aplicação dos protocolos perceptivos mostrou maior variabilidade dos resultados, mas com tendência esperada em relação ao IQAnsf, indicando seu uso potencial como instrumento de avaliação complementar.

The main purpose of this work was to evaluate the water quality of Belem River with two complementary strategies: the use of the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index and the application of perceptive protocols (Human Intensity Index and Habitat Value Index). To access the water quality, 10 points at the main river channel as well as the estuary of its 13 main tributaries were selected. The WQInsf results showed a gradual loss of the water quality from the headwater to its mouth mainly due the presence of domestic effluents from the more densely populated areas located near the center of the city. The application of perceptive protocols showed more variable but predictable results indicating its potential as complementary methods of evaluation.