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Con el objetivo de perfeccionar el proceso de superación para el desarrollo de la educación ambiental en los maestros de Educación Física, desde las clases que imparten, se presenta una metodología estructurada en tres etapas (diagnóstico, implementación y valoración). Para el diagnóstico se tuvo en cuenta la revisión documental, la observación participante y las entrevistas a los maestros, lo que posibilitó la implementación de acciones para el tratamiento a los contenidos curriculares con un enfoque interdisciplinar, al quedar declaradas desde la planificación del sistema de trabajo metodológico los aspectos que afectan el desempeño pedagógico. La información recogida permitió valorar la efectividad de la metodología, al considerar las posibilidades que ofrece la disciplina para la integración de la relación medioambiente-deporte-salud y el nivel de satisfacción reflejado en los educandos. Como resultado se perfecciona la labor docente, se mejoran las relaciones de los educandos con el medioambiente en el entorno escolar y se da cumplimiento a una de las tareas del Proyecto de Investigación FARO: "Formación Activa, Reflexiva y Óptima de maestros y profesores en las Escuelas Pedagógicas".

Com o objetivo de aperfeiçoar o processo de melhoria para o desenvolvimento da educação ambiental nos professores de Educação Física, a partir das aulas que ministram, é apresentada uma metodologia estruturada em três etapas (diagnóstico, implementação e avaliação). Para o diagnóstico foram levados em consideração a revisão documental, a observação participante e entrevistas com os professores, o que possibilitou implementar ações para o tratamento dos conteúdos curriculares com abordagem interdisciplinar, conforme foram declarados a partir do planejamento do sistema de trabalho . aspectos metodológicos que afectam o desempenho pedagógico. As informações coletadas permitiram avaliar a eficácia da metodologia, considerando as possibilidades oferecidas pela disciplina para a integração da relação meio ambiente-esporte-saúde e o nível de satisfação refletido nos alunos. Como resultado, o trabalho docente é melhorado, as relações dos alunos com o meio ambiente escolar são melhoradas e uma das tarefas do Projeto de Pesquisa FARO é cumprida: "Formação Pedagógica Ativa, Reflexiva e Ótima de Professores nas Escolas". Escolas".

With the aim of perfecting the improvement process for the development of environmental education in Physical Education teachers, from the classes they teach, a methodology structured in three stages (diagnosis, implementation and assessment) is presented. For the diagnosis, the documentary review, participant observation and interviews with the teachers were taken into account, which made it possible to implement actions for the treatment of the curricular contents with an interdisciplinary approach, once the aspect that affect pedagogical performance were declared from the planning of the methodological work system. The information collected allowed to assess the effectiveness of the methodology, considering the possibilities offered by the discipline for the integration of the environment-sport-health relationship and the level of satisfaction reflected in the students. As a result, teaching work is perfected, students' relationships with the environment in the school environment are improved, and one of the tasks of the FARO Research Project "Active, Reflective, and Optimal Training of Teachers in Schools." Pedagogical Schools" is fulfilled.

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Landfills are the destination of most of the refuse generated whereas composting, material recycling, and Waste-to-Energy (WtE) technologies are not commonly employed in developing countries. However, the destination for energy purposes could be supplied with this refuse, improving the viability of energy use. Thus, this article raises some questions to identify aspects that could encourage its use as refuse-derived fuel (RDF) in these countries. Among them, does environmental education affect the municipal solid waste (MSW) source separation with emphasis on a destination? Can selective collection and extended producer responsibility (EPR) affect the MSW for energy recovery? Is there competition between the recycling market and the energy market for RDF? A systematic review of the literature was conducted to gather data and provide answers to such questions. This enabled to observe that EPR, selective collect expansion and source separation influence the quantity and quality of waste sent for energy use. Both internal and external factors impact on source separation. Additionally, there is evidence to support that despite several studies showing their technical, economic, environmental and social viability, the methods of energy usage of the refuse still need to improve their deployment in developing countries. In addition to identifying the main research gaps to be filled in future studies, the article also identified the instruments of MSW management that are to be applied in developing countries to divert recyclable and organic waste from landfill.

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O estudo busca analisar as diferentes percepções das práticas pedagógicas de uma professora indígena e de uma professora não indígena, além de investigar as opiniões dos estudantes em relação à incorporação da cultura indígena Kaingang e da conscientização ambiental nas aulas de Educação Física. A metodologia adotada enfocou as experiências e narrativas de duas professoras atuantes em escolas indígenas, bem como envolveu a aplicação de questionários aos estudantes. Os resultados revelaram que a professora indígena introduz a cultura Kaingang por meio de atividades como jogos indígenas, o enfoque no meio ambiente é realizado através de trilhas e atividades relacionadas. Os estudantes enfatizaram a importância de incorporar a cultura indígena e a conscientização ambiental nas aulas. Assim, este estudo se propôs a trazer novas perspectivas às práticas pedagógicas, destacando a interação entre seres humanos e o ambiente natural como uma reflexão relevante para a Educação Física escolar.(AU)

The study seeks to analyze the different perceptions of the pedagogical practices of an indigenous teacher and a non-indigenous teacher, in addition to investigating students' opinions regarding the incorporation of Kaingang indigenous culture and environmental awareness in Physical Education classes. The methodology adopted focused on the experiences and narratives of two teachers working in indigenous schools, as well as involving the application of questionnaires to students. The results revealed that the indigenous teacher introduces the Kaingang culture through activities such as indigenous games, and the focus on the environment is carried out through trails and related activities. Students emphasized the importance of incorporating indigenous culture and environmental awareness into classes. Thus, this study aimed to bring new perspectives to pedagogical practices, highlighting the interaction between human beings and the natural environment as a relevant reflection for school Physical Education.(AU)

El estudio busca analizar las diferentes percepciones sobre las prácticas pedagógicas de una maestra indígena y una maestra no indígena, además de investigar las opiniones de los estudiantes respecto de la incorporación de la cultura indígena Kaingang y la conciencia ambiental en las clases de Educación Física. La metodología adoptada se centró en las experiencias y narrativas de dos docentes que trabajan en escuelas indígenas, además de involucrar la aplicación de cuestionarios a los estudiantes. Los resultados revelaron que el maestra indígena introduce la cultura Kaingang a través de actividades como juegos indígenas, y el enfoque en el medio ambiente lo realiza a través de senderos y actividades afines. Los estudiantes enfatizaron la importancia de incorporar la cultura indígena y la conciencia ambiental en las clases. Así, este estudio se propuso aportar nuevas perspectivas a las prácticas pedagógicas, destacando la interacción entre los seres humanos y el medio natural como una reflexión relevante para la Educación Física escolar.(AU)

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There are five different primate species inhabiting widely distinct ecoregions in Argentina. Each of them faces various threats in terms of conservation and conflicts that hamper their ability to coexist with human populations. We present here some of the drivers known to be the causes of conflicts between humans and primates in the southernmost area of distribution of Latin American primates. We focus our synthesis on two of the biggest sources of conflict: the effects of different anthropogenic disturbances, and human misconceptions concerning the role of primates in the ecosystem. In each section, we briefly characterize the conflicts worldwide and then provide specific cases and examples from Argentina. In the last part of the manuscript, we further describe some ongoing national and regional educational, research, and conservation approaches to mitigate those effects.

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Promoting the principles, concepts, and dimensions of Ocean Literacy (OL) among children and youth is essential for enhancing society's understanding of the ocean's complexity and the causes and consequences of its degradation. This study details a project conducted over a year with 235 students from a public school in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, aged 8 to 15. Developed in partnership with schoolteachers, the activities encompassed theoretical lessons, laboratory experiments, field trips, and reading circles. These were grounded in the students' local context and integrated into the school curriculum. The project was evaluated through questionnaires and focus group interviews. Findings revealed not only learning and changes in attitude but also increased student engagement and a revitalized school environment. This project can be adapted for other regions and audiences.

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The performance evaluation models proposed in the scientific literature to support the decision-making process in the context of sustainability in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) present gaps with respect to the design process. In relation, to the management of environmental education in HEIs, there is an absence of decision support models. In this context, the objective of the research is to build a model for evaluating the performance of environmental education for an undergraduate course at a public university. It is a case study, with data collection through interviews with the Course Coordinator, complemented by questionnaires and documental analysis. The intervention instrument used was the Multicriteria Methodology for Decision Aiding-Constructivist (MCDA-C). The main results were explored showing the process of building a performance evaluation model, considering the singularity of the context, the flexibility in the elaboration process and interactivity with different stakeholders. Additionally, efforts were focused on the presentation of the final assessment model, demonstrating the potential of the MCDA-C methodology as a practical tool to support the decision-making process, and on the discussion of the model developed in relation to the literature reviewed. The model built allows the decision maker to understand the environmental education intertwined with the course, to assess the current situation and the desired end state, as well as the necessary actions for its management. In addition to the constructivist perspective, the model meets the Stakeholder Theory; explains the advantages, using participatory approach methodologies and performance indicators have characteristics of a functional system.

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Chile is facing an environmental crisis and the territory of the Mapuche people is no exception. This is largely due to extractivism, which refers to the massive extraction and exploitation of natural resources in an indiscriminate manner. The objective of this study was to reveal the implications of extractivism and environmental pollution in Mapuche territories in the Araucanía region. The methodology used was qualitative, based on constructivist grounded theory. In-depth interviews and participant observation were used to collect data. The participants were 46 kimeltuchefes. The main results revealed extensive monocultures of non-native trees: pine and eucalyptus, which consume large amounts of water. They also revealed environmental pollution and indiscriminate forestry extractivism related to these trees, which generate soil degradation and water pollution. These consequences reduce biodiversity and disturb the ngenh (spiritual beings and protectors of nature). They also affect the Mapuche's agricultural activities and, in turn, their health and subsistence. In addition, non-native tree monocultures, environmental pollution and forestry extractivism transgress the az mapu (Mapuche code of ethics and behaviour), which disturbs the ethical, moral and spiritual relationship between the Mapuche and nature. They also have negative implications for the küme mogen (good living of the Mapuche), since they violate the balance and harmony between the Mapuche and all living beings, elements and spiritual beings that are part of nature. This also violates the reciprocity between the Mapuche and nature. It was concluded that there have been violations of the human rights of the Mapuche people, given that they are exposed to harmful environmental conditions that put their health and subsistence at considerable risk. In this sense, the Mapuche are experiencing a spiritual, physical, cognitive, attitudinal, affective and material imbalance. Ultimately, the state of Chile must generate intercultural environmental public and educational policies aimed at generating environmental awareness and creating actions to solve environmental problems in order to protect Mapuche and non-Mapuche territories.

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La educación ambiental es un proceso educativo continuo que persigue formar y modificar actitudes de forma objetiva sobre la realidad global del medio, tanto natural como social. Por ello, este artículo se centra en la asignatura Educación Física, la cual consideran los autores, que constituye un bloque de contenidos ideal, para poder abordar el desarrollo de la educación ambiental en estudiantes universitarios. Durante el proceso investigativo se utilizaron los métodos: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, la observación, revisión documental, la encuesta y la estadística descriptiva. El procesamiento de la información obtenida permitió corroborar la existencia real del problema, y luego realizar un diagnóstico de las dificultades y las potencialidades presentes en el desarrollo de la educación ambiental en el Licenciado en Educación. Economía, para su posterior tratamiento. Por tanto, el objetivo de la presente investigación consiste en: elaborar un conjunto de actividades que desde las potencialidades de la Educación Física permitan contribuir al desarrollo de la educación ambiental en los estudiantes de primer y segundo año de la carrera Licenciatura en Educación. Economía en la Universidad de Pinar del Río "Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca".

SÍNTESE A educação ambiental é um processo educativo contínuo que visa formar e modificar atitudes objectivamente sobre a realidade global do ambiente, tanto natural como social. Por esta razão, este artigo centra-se no tema da Educação Física, que os autores consideram ser um bloco de conteúdo ideal para se poder abordar o desenvolvimento da educação ambiental nos estudantes universitários. Durante o processo de investigação, foram utilizados os seguintes métodos: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, indutivo-dedutivo, observação, revisão documental, inquérito e estatística descritiva. O processamento da informação obtida permitiu corroborar a existência real do problema, e depois fazer um diagnóstico das dificuldades e potencialidades presentes no desenvolvimento da educação ambiental no Bacharelato em Educação. Economia, para o seu tratamento posterior. Portanto, o objectivo da presente investigação consiste em: elaborar um conjunto de actividades que a partir das potencialidades da Educação Física permitam contribuir para o desenvolvimento da educação ambiental nos alunos do primeiro e segundo anos do curso de licenciatura em Educação. Economia na Universidade de Pinar del Río "Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca".

Environmental education is a continuous educational process that seeks to objectively form and modify attitudes about the global reality of the environment, both natural and social. For this reason, this article focuses on the Physical Education subject, which, in the authors´s opinion the authors, it is an ideal block of content, for addressing the development of environmental education in university students. During the research process, methods like historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, observation, documentary review, survey were used, as well as descriptive statistics one. The processing of the information obtained allowed to corroborate the real existence of the problem, and then carry out a diagnosis of the difficulties and potential present in the development of environmental education in the Bachelor of Education. Economy specialty, for its further treatment. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop a set of activities that from the potential of Physical Education allow contributing to the development of environmental education in the first- and second-year students of the career Bachelor of Education. Economics specialty at the University of Pinar del Río "Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca".

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Mexico is going through an environmental and nutritional crisis related to unsustainable dietary behaviours. Sustainable diets could solve both problems together. This study protocol aims to develop a three-stage, 15-week mHealth randomised controlled trial of a sustainable-psycho-nutritional intervention programme to promote Mexican population adherence to a sustainable diet and to evaluate its effects on health and environmental outcomes. In stage 1, the programme will be designed using the sustainable diets, behaviour change wheel and capability, opportunity, motivation, and behaviour (COM-B) models. A sustainable food guide, recipes, meal plans and a mobile application will be developed. In stage 2, the intervention will be implemented for 7 weeks, and a 7-week follow-up period in a young Mexican adults (18-35 years) sample, randomly divided (1:1 ratio) into a control group (n 50) and an experimental group (n 50), will be divided into two arms at week 8. Outcomes will include health, nutrition, environment, behaviour and nutritional-sustainable knowledge. Additionally, socio-economics and culture will be considered. Thirteen behavioural objectives will be included using successive approaches in online workshops twice a week. The population will be monitored using the mobile application consisting of behavioural change techniques. In stage 3, the effects of the intervention will be assessed using mixed-effects models on dietary intake and quality, nutritional status, physical activity, metabolic biomarkers (serum glucose and lipid profile), gut microbiota composition and dietary water and carbon footprints of the evaluated population. Improvements in health outcomes and a decrease in dietary water and carbon footprints are expected.

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There is a consensus around the importance of environmental education in mitigating the ill effects of environmental problems and preserving the natural environment and promoting green behaviours. The present paper studies the role of environmental education based on transformative learning theory. It intends to present and test a model proposal using sequential mediation analysis of several constructs as the Environmental Education Support (EES) and Volunteer Attitude (VA). A quantitative study was carried out by using data obtained through online questionnaires from several Indian and Brazilian Higher Education Institutions. A multivariate statistical method was employed to analyse the data by using partial least squares structural equation modelling. The results demonstrated that environmental education positively influences students' environmental concern, willingness to be environmentally friendly, and volunteer attitude. As a novelty, it reports that environmental education beliefs, concern for the environment and willingness to be environmentally friendly sequentially mediate the relationship between environmental education support and volunteering attitude.

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Background: The way humans perceive and interact with non-human animals is particular to each person, from antipathetic interactions evidenced by fear, aversion or repulsion, to empathy evidenced by feelings of affection, enchantment and interest in the animal. In this sense, herein we investigated the perception of university students about species belonging to different classes of wild vertebrates and the influence of social and educational factors on that. Methods: Data were obtained through online forms answered by 700 university students from nine Brazilian states, 328 females and 372 males, aged between 18 and 65 years. The form had eight sentences to be answered in relation to 17 species of wild vertebrates. The agreement level for each of these sentences was to be indicated using a five-point Likert scale. The sentences were designed to assess aesthetic, risk, utilitarian, and preservation perceptions attributed to each species by students. Results: We found that species perceived as useful by the students are generally also perceived as beautiful and as those that should be preserved. On the other hand, we found similarity between the species perceived as ugly and those that should not be preserved; and between the species perceived as harmful and those considered dangerous. Female and lower-income students more often agree that animals are harmful. We found that perceptions of danger in relation to animals were predominantly associated with younger respondents. However, this did not lead to less support for conservation among these students, as students of all age groups agree that species should be preserved. Our results show that students' knowledge area was an important predictor associated with empathetic and antipathetic perceptions. Environmental area students showed greater empathy in all analyzed categories (beauty, usefulness, harmlessness, and preservation) than non-environmental areas students. On the other hand, students from the area of the exact sciences showed greater dislike in all analyzed categories than students from other areas. We found a strong relationship between the areas "Environmental" and "Humanities, Languages and Arts" for the attitudinal factors associated with utility and preservation, suggesting a similar empathetic worldview for students in these areas. Conclusions: We found that the perception directed towards wild vertebrates varies according to the gender, age, income and study area of the students, in addition to the taxon considered. Finally, our results indicate that negative perceptions should be taken into account in environmental education efforts, educational policies and in planning fauna conservation plans which should incorporate the most diverse audiences, and not only encompass charismatic species but extend to animals that arouse great aversion from the part of people.

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RESUMEN Ante la presión antropogénica sobre el medio ambiente, es preponderante el rol de la educación ambiental para generar cambios que resignifiquen la relación ser humano-naturaleza en los territórios. Esta investigación cualitativa hermenêutica tuvo un enfoque descriptivo explicativo y en ella se estudiaron cambios culturales y socioambientales promovidos por procesos específicos de educación ambiental no formal realizados en Santiago de Cali - Colombia acerca de conservación de bienes ambientales y servicios ecosistémicos, embellecimiento del entorno, soberania alimentaria y preservación de la biodiversidad. Se identificaron indicadores de educación ambiental potenciales para valorar los cambios promovidos, se definieron indicadores específicos indagando experiencias, percepciones y motivaciones de actores sociales participantes y se contrastó su correspondencia desde la ecologia política y el pensamiento ambiental crítico. Se encontró que la definición de indicadores de educación ambiental presenta retos considerables y que, si bien los procesos educativos posibilitaron una mejor comprensión de las problemáticas medioambientales, los cambios culturales y socioambientales promovidos dependen de dinâmicas socioeconómicas, prácticas éticas, culturales y del ejercicio del poder político.

ABSTRACT In the face of anthropogenic pressure on the environment, the role of environmental education to generate changes that redefine the human-nature relationship in the territories is preponderant. This qualitative hermeneutic research had a descriptive explanatory approach and studied cultural and socio-environmental changes promoted by specific non-formal environmental education processes carried out in Santiago de Cali - Colombia regarding the conservation of environmental goods and ecosystem services, beautification of the environment, food sovereignty and preservation of biodiversity Potential environmental education indicators were identified to assess the changes promoted, specific indicators were defined by investigating experiences, perceptions and motivations of participating social actors and their correspondence was contrasted from political ecology and critical environmental thinking. It was found that the definition of environmental education indicators presents considerable challenges and that, although the educational processes enabled a better understanding of environmental issues, the cultural and socio-environmental changes promoted depend on socioeconomic dynamics, ethical and cultural practices and the exercise of political power.

RESUMO Diante da pressão antropogênica sobre o meio ambiente, o papel da educação ambiental na geração de mudanças que redefinem a relação homem-natureza nos territórios é preponderante. Esta pesquisa hermenêutica qualitativa teve uma abordagem explicativa descritiva e estudou as mudanças culturais e socioambientais promovidas por processos específicos de educação ambiental não-formal realizados em Santiago de Cali - Colombia sobre a conservação dos bens e serviços ambientais, o embelezamento do meio ambiente, a soberania alimentar e a preservação da biodiversidade. Indicadores potenciais de educação ambiental foram identificados para avaliar as mudanças promovidas, indicadores específicos foram definidos através de pesquisas sobre as experiências, percepções e motivações dos atores sociais participantes e sua correspondência foi contrastada a partir da perspectiva da ecologia politica e do pensamento ambiental crítico. Verificou-se que a definição de indicadores de educação ambiental apresenta desafios consideráveis e que, embora os processos educacionais tenham levado a uma melhor compreensão das questões ambientais, as mudanças culturais e socioambientais promovidas dependem da dinâmica socioeconòmica, das práticas éticas e culturais e do exercicio do poder politico.

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RESUMEN Introducción: El trabajo abordó la importancia de la utilización del juego recreativo en las actividades de educación ambiental como recurso para contribuir al conocimiento de las normas jurídicas ambientales en el Consejo Popular San Vicente, perteneciente al Parque Nacional Viñales. Objetivo: El objetivo del trabajo consistió en demostrar la utilización de los juegos recreativos en las actividades de educación ambiental para contribuir al fomento y aprendizaje de las normas jurídicas ambientales aplicables a la comunidad, para enfrentar los problemas ambientales existentes. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron métodos teóricos tales como: análisis-síntesis, histórico-lógico, inducción-deducción los cuales permitieron: realizar generalizaciones con respecto a las posiciones teóricas y arribar a conclusiones, estudiar y particularizar las cualidades de los juegos recreativos. Se utilizó de igual forma la entrevista semi estandarizada para realizar el diagnóstico de la utilización de los juegos por parte de los especialistas en la comunidad. Resultados: El trabajo permitió ratificar la efectividad de vincular el juego recreativo en las actividades de educación ambiental como vía para contribuir al conocimiento necesario sobre la legislación ambiental en una comunidad. Conclusiones: La implementación del juego permitió vincular a la comunidad con los problemas ambientales existentes y su posible solución, al incrementar el conocimiento mediante estas actividades tanto de la educación ambiental como de la legislación ambiental.

RESUMO Introdução: O trabalho abordou a importância do uso de jogos recreativos em atividades de educação ambiental como um recurso para contribuir com o conhecimento das normas legais ambientais no Conselho Popular de San Vicente, pertencente ao Parque Nacional Viñales. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi demonstrar o uso de jogos recreativos em atividades de educação ambiental para contribuir para a promoção e aprendizagem de normas legais ambientais aplicáveis à comunidade, a fim de enfrentar os problemas ambientais existentes. Materiais e métodos: Foram utilizados métodos teóricos como: análise-síntese, histórico-lógica, indução-dedução, que permitiram generalizações com respeito às posições teóricas e conclusões a serem alcançadas, e as qualidades dos jogos recreativos a serem estudadas e particularizadas. Uma entrevista semi-padronizada também foi utilizada para diagnosticar o uso de jogos por especialistas da comunidade. Resultados: O trabalho nos permitiu ratificar a eficácia da associação de jogos recreativos em atividades de educação ambiental como forma de contribuir para o conhecimento necessário sobre a legislação ambiental em uma comunidade. Conclusões: A implementação do jogo tornou possível ligar a comunidade aos problemas ambientais existentes e sua possível solução, aumentando o conhecimento através destas atividades tanto da educação ambiental quanto da legislação ambiental.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The work addressed the importance of the use of recreational games in environmental education activities as a resource to contribute to the knowledge of environmental legal norms in the San Vicente Popular Council, belonging to the Viñales National Park. Objective: The objective of the work was to demonstrate the use of recreational games in environmental education activities to contribute to the promotion and learning of the environmental legal norms applicable to the Community, to face existing environmental problems. Materials and methods: Theoretical methods such as: analysis-synthesis, historical-logical, induction-deduction were used, which allowed: making generalizations regarding the theoretical positions and reaching conclusions, studying and specifying the qualities of recreational games. The semi-standardized interview was used in the same way to diagnose the use of the games by specialists in the community. Results: The work allowed to ratify the effectiveness of linking the recreational game in environmental education activities as a way to contribute to the necessary knowledge about environmental legislation in a community. Conclusions: The implementation of the game allowed linking the community with existing environmental problems and their possible solution, by increasing knowledge through these activities of both environmental education and environmental legislation.

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Resumen (analítico) Presentamos una iniciativa y proponemos una metodología transdisciplinaria para cultivar la memoria biocultural, basada en los procesos de participación y materialización en comunidades de práctica (educativas). Presentamos el proyecto «Escuchando a los abuelos¼, que buscó facilitar diálogos intergeneracionales en tres escuelas mapuche (~ 90 niños y niñas) en Wallmapu, Chile. «Escuchando a los abuelos¼ utilizó a las aves como protagonistas de narrativas locales sobre el territorio. Cocreamos un ciclo de cinco pasos para promover la participación y la materialización. Los niños y niñas desarrollaron un ejercicio de abstracción para dar significado a las narrativas que ellos mismos recopilaron para crear memes positivos sobre las aves. Estos memes fueron comunicados dentro y más allá de sus comunidades. Concluimos que la experiencia de los abuelos debe ser honrada para contrarrestar la actual extinción de la experiencia biocultural.

Abstract (analytical) This article presents an initiative and proposes a transdisciplinary methodology to cultivate biocultural memory based on the processes of participation and materialization in (educational) communities-of-practice. We implemented the project "Listening to elders" that sought to facilitate intergenerational dialogues in three mapuche schools (with approximately 90 children) in Wallmapu, Chile. Listening to elders used birds as the basis of constructing local narratives about the territory. We co-created a 5-Step cycle to promote participation and materialization. The children participated in an abstraction exercise to give meaning to the narratives they constructed themselves to create positive memes involving birds. These memes were communicated within and beyond their communities. The authors conclude that the experiences of elders must be honored in communities to counter the current dynamic involving the extinction of biocultural experience.

Resumo (analítico) Apresentamos uma iniciativa e propomos uma metodologia transdisciplinar para o cultivo da memória biocultural, baseada nos processos de participação e materialização, em comunidades de prática (educacionais). Apresentamos o projeto «Escutando os avós¼ que buscou facilitar o diálogo intergeracional em três escolas mapuche (~ 90 crianças) em Wallmapu, Chile. «Ouvir os avós¼ usou os pássaros como base para as narrativas locais sobre o território. Co-criamos um ciclo de cinco passos para promover a participação e materialização. As crianças desenvolveram um exercício de abstração para dar sentido às narrativas que elas próprias coletaram para criar memes positivos sobre pássaros. Esses memes foram comunicados dentro e fora de suas comunidades. Concluímos que a experiência dos avós deve ser honrada para conter a atual extinção da experiência biocultural.

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Introducción: la sostenibilidad ambiental es una de las metas del milenio establecidas por la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas. La minimización de residuos, la producción más limpia, la ecoeficiencia y la prevención de la contaminación contribuyen a su cumplimiento. En el sector de la salud, la Producción Más Limpia se enfoca en la prevención de la contaminación, y en la eliminación de desechos peligrosos, infecciosos y químicos y de emisiones o vertimientos dentro de la institución; se fundamenta en buenas prácticas durante la prestación de servicios, en la sustitución de insumos con características peligrosas, en cambios en los procedimientos y en mejoramiento tecnológico. Objetivo: proponer opciones de Producción Más Limpia en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se desarrolló una investigación de tipo cualitativa, descriptiva y documental. La búsqueda se realizó en la base de datos SciELO y en Google Académico, en el período 2016-2020. Resultados: se identificaron cinco opciones de Producción Más Limpia con resultados satisfactorios que contribuyen a la sostenibilidad ambiental de la Universidad. Conclusiones: la introducción de nuevas tecnologías, la sustitución de sustancias contaminantes, el desarrollo energético y la separación correcta de los residuos, son opciones de Producción Más Limpia que favorecen el desarrollo sostenible.

Introduction: environmental sustainability is one of the millennium goals set by the United Nations General Assembly. Waste minimization, cleaner production, eco-efficiency and pollution prevention contribute to its compliance. In the health sector, Cleaner Production focuses on the prevention of pollution, the disposal of hazardous, infectious and chemical wastes and emissions or discharges within the institution; it is based on good practices during the provision of services, on the replacement of inputs with hazardous characteristics, on changes in procedures and on technological improvement. Objective: to propose Cleaner Production options at Matanzas University of Medical Sciences. Materials and methods: a qualitative, descriptive and documentary research was developed. The search was carried out in the SciELO database and in Google Scholar, in the period 2016-2020. Results: five Cleaner Production options were identified with satisfactory results that contribute to the environmental sustainability of the University. Conclusions: the introduction of new technologies, the replacement of pollutants, energy development and the correct separation of waste are Cleaner Production options that favor sustainable development.

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Ecuadorian primates are a diverse and ecologically important group that is facing severe conservation problems. We present the experiences and lessons learned from two primate conservation projects in eastern and western Ecuador to foster an in-depth reflection of what could be improved to enhance their contribution to the delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). By combining research, education, and capacity building, both projects aim to empower and engage local communities in initiatives to protect primate habitats. These efforts to enhance local environmental sustainability contribute to SDGs 15 (Life on land), 4 (Quality of education), 2 (Zero hunger), 3 (Good health and well-being), 5 (Gender equality), 10 (Reduced inequalities), 12 (Responsible consumption and production), and 13 (Climate actions). One of our findings is that community involvement in conservation activities is not always directly related to an improvement of the conservation status of primate populations. Therefore, continuous monitoring of primate populations and of other relevant indicators is key to assessing the effectiveness of the interventions. We highlight the importance of sharing information between projects with similar scopes and the need to develop local indicators for a more objective assessment of the contribution of small-scale conservation projects to the delivery of the SDGs.

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Introduction: Playful learning for environmental education represents a participatory pedagogical mediation that considers the socio-environmental realities in which persons are immersed. Objective: To promote environmental education, through playful, participatory, and flexible methods, to prevent pesticide exposure. Methodology: Using geographic information systems, the distances between schools and bananas plantations were calculated. A playful and constructivism methodology was designed for primary school students (6 - 8.5 years), and their legal guardians. Subsequently, 148 workshops were developed in 37 rural Costa Rican schools, in which 2757 children and 387 adults participated. Results: Thirty-eight percent (38 %) (n=14) of the schools were located at less than 100 meters from banana plantations. Playful communication generated a participatory environment, in which local needs were identified and collective knowledge was built about the effects of pesticide exposure on the environment and human health. Participants were able to identify the main preventive actions to reduce pesticide exposure. Conclusions: Playful, participatory, and flexible methodologies in environmental education facilitate the process of sensitizing first cycle primary school students and their parents from rural communities about the risks of exposure to pesticides. The methodology used can be easily adapted for application in other environmental science studies.

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Environmental Education Programs (EEPs) are considered environmental management tools in Brazilian environmental licensing processes, within the scope of mitigatory and compensatory measures to the social, environmental, and economic impacts caused by development projects or new enterprises. Here, we assess the perceptions and expectations regarding environmental education programs of three groups of actors (communities, environmental managers, and environmental agency technicians) involved in the licensing processes of port activities in the region of Paranaguá, in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Paranaguá is the largest coastal municipality of the state of Paraná, in the southern region of Brazil, and is home to Brazil`s second largest port. Since this is environmental conservation area, the conflicts between the port activities, environmental protection and needs of the local communities require efficient environmental management practices, with EEPs as one of their main implementation tools. The evaluation was based on semi-structured interviews which were analyzed using the methods of content analysis and discourse of the collective subject. The actors understand that environmental education is a potentially effective tool to promote the mitigation or compensation of environmental impacts generated by port developments undergoing licensing processes. The groups considered that the continuity, promotion of social organization, and correlation with the actual environmental impacts related to each enterprise are essential qualities for good EEPs. The evaluated perceptions were complementary and indicate a complex but effective ideal scenario for EEPs in the region.

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RESUMEN Desde la perspectiva de las ecologías socioculturales, como campo emergente interdisciplinario, se puede enriquecer de manera alternativa y complementaria la educación ambiental, puesto que permite un acercamiento comprensivo a las dinámicas de ocupación humana y las transformaciones en un territorio concreto desde una mirada histórica, política y sociocultural. Esta investigación, se llevó a cabo en el contexto territorial de la cuenca del río Quindío, en el centro-occidente de Colombia, con la participación de 144 estudiantes y 40 docentes, de cuatro Instituciones Educativas públicas. La metodología fue de enfoque cualitativo, donde se empleó como instrumento de recolección y análisis de información, una encuesta tipo cuestionario con preguntas abiertas, para indagar aspectos socioambientales, históricos y paisajísticos del contexto territorial de dicha cuenca. Los resultados develaron que estudiantes y docentes, en general, desconocen los procesos históricos de ocupación humana de la región; con relación a los principales cambios percibidos en el paisaje, los estudiantes señalaron el incremento de las urbanizaciones, la disminución de las zonas verdes y la contaminación, mientras que los docentes manifestaron cambios en los usos del suelo, el crecimiento urbanístico y el desarrollo basado en el turismo. Sin duda, estos hallazgos son importantes, como lectura del territorio, para ser tenidos en cuenta en la praxis de la educación ambiental de las instituciones educativas.

ABSTRACT From the perspective of socio-cultural ecologies as an emerging interdisciplinary field, environmental education can be enriched in an alternative and complementary way since they allow a comprehensive approach to the dynamics of human occupation and transformations in a specific territory from a historical perspective, political and socio-cultural. This research was carried out in the territorial context of the Quindío River basin in central-western Colombia, with the participation of 144 students and 40 teachers from four public educational institutions. The methodology was a qualitative approach, where a questionnaire-type survey with open questions was used as an instrument for collecting and analyzing information to investigate socio-environmental, historical, and landscape aspects of the territorial context of said basin. The results revealed that students and teachers, in general, are unaware of the historical processes of human occupation of the region; Concerning the main changes perceived in the landscape, the students pointed out the increase in urbanizations, the decrease in green areas, and pollution; while teachers expressed changes in land use, urban growth, and development based on tourism. Undoubtedly, these findings are important as a reading of the territory to be considered in the praxis of environmental education in educational institutions.

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RESUMEN Se presentan los resultados de un estudio documental que tuvo como objetivo analizar aspectos que orientaron la construcción de los instrumentos de política pública de educación ambiental para los departamentos de Colombia, que tengan vigencia y un acto legislativo de aprobación. La metodologia usada fue cualitativa a partir de exploración, revisión y análisis de contenido. Se consultaron bases de datos institucionales de los 32 departamentos. Se establecieron cinco categorías de análisis: denominación del instrumento específico; participación social e institucional en el proceso de construcción; enfoque conceptual de la educación ambiental; enfoques temáticos; y fase proyectiva. El análisis se realizó con 10 documentos que cumplieron los criterios de selección. Se pudo entrever que, si bien en cada documento se usó una denominación diferente, como plan o política, eso no tuvo una influencia directa en la ruta metodológica para su diseno y formulación. De manera general, en todos se evidencia un liderazgo de las CAR's y las Gobernaciones en los equipos de formulación, que han generado estrategias de participación para recoger aportes que permitieron definir temáticas contextualizadas para los planes de acción.

ABSTRACT It is presented the outcomes of a documental study that has as main purpose to analyze the aspects that lead us built the politic public instruments of Environmental education for Colombian departments, with a validity and a legislative act for being approved. The current used methodology was qualitative from an exploration, revision and analysis of the content. It was consulted the institutional data bases of the 32 departments. It was, as well, established 5 categories of analysis: denomination of the specific project, social and institutional participation in the process of construction, conceptual focus of the Environmental education; thematic focuses; and projective phase. The analysis was done with 10 documents that accomplished the selection criteria. It was possible to make out that, on every single document was used a different denomination, as plan or politics, it really did not have a direct influence on the methodological path or formulation. In a general way, in all of them we can see a CAR's leadership and the Governations in the formulation teams, who have generated strategies of participation to collect all sort of information that let us define contextualized topics to the action plans.

RESUMO São apresentados os resultados de um estudo documental, cujo objectivo era analisar aspectos que orientaram a construção de instrumentos de política pública de educação ambiental para os departamentos da Colômbia, que estão em vigor e têm um acto legislativo de aprovação. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa, baseada na exploração, revisão e análise do conteúdo. Foram consultadas as bases de dados institucionais dos 32 departamentos. Foram estabelecidas cinco categorias de análise: nome do instrumento específico; participação social e institucional no processo de construção; abordagem conceptual da educação ambiental; abordagens temáticas; e fase projectiva. A análise foi realizada com 10 documentos que preenchiam os critérios de selecção. Podia ver-se que, embora cada documento utilizasse um nome diferente, tal como plano ou política, isto não teve influência directa na rota metodológica para a sua concepção e formulação. Em geral, em todos eles é evidente a liderança das CAR e dos Governadores nas equipas de formulação, que geraram estratégias de participação para recolher contribuições que permitiram a definição de temas contextualizados para os planos de acção.