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El 25% de los pacientes con Enfermedades Inflamatorias Intestinales (EII) se diagnostican antes de los 20 años. En la mayor parte de los centros del país se lleva a cabo la "transferencia" del paciente desde un centro de atención pediátrico a uno de adultos. La "transición" es un criterio de calidad con beneficios en el control de la EII reduciendo el número de recaídas, de hospitalizaciones y de cirugías. Por tal motivo hemos desarrollado un Programa Interdisciplinario de Transición entre dos hospitales de referencia nacional e internacional en EII. Materiales y métodos: Entre 1/2021 y 12/ 2022 se incorporaron 24 pacientes que ingresaron en 3 fases: Fase 1 Pacientes entre 14 y 16 años asistidos en el Hospital Garrahan (HG) con un abordaje interdisciplinario. Fase 2. A partir de los 17 años se realizaron 2 (dos) encuentros en el HG en conjunto con gastroenterólogos de adultos evaluando adherencia y autonomía y la Fase 3 llevada a cabo en el Hospital B. Udaondo (HBU) sólo con el equipo de adultos luego de 6 meses de realizada la transferencia evaluando adherencia al tratamiento, consultas a emergencias, internación y/o cirugías Resultados: Al inicio del Programa el 66% de los pacientes presentaban una actividad moderada a severa vs el 8% al finalizar la fase 3. Luego de la transferencia el 12,5% necesito ingreso a guardia e internación y un 8% tratamiento quirúrgico. El 83% de los pacientes continúan en seguimiento luego de 6 meses de haber sido transferidos (AU)

Twenty-five percent of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are diagnosed before the age of 20 years. In most centers in the country, the "transfer" of the patient from a pediatric to an adult care center is done. However, "transition" is a quality criterion with benefits in the control of IBD by reducing the number of relapses, hospitalizations, and surgeries. For this reason, we developed an Interdisciplinary Transition Program between two national and international reference hospitals in IBD. Materials and Methods: Between January 2021 and December 2022, we incorporated 24 patients into a three-phase program. Phase 1 involved patients between 14 and 16 years of age seen at Garrahan Hospital (HG) with an interdisciplinary approach. Phase 2 began from 17 years of age, with two meetings held at HG involving adult gastroenterologists to evaluate adherence and autonomy. Phase 3 was conducted at Hospital B. Udaondo (HBU) only with the adult team, six months after the transfer, evaluating adherence to treatment, emergency consultations, hospitalizations, and/or surgeries. Results: At the beginning of the program, 66% of the patients presented with moderate to severe disease activity, compared to 8% at the end of Phase 3. After the transfer, 12.5% of the patients required emergency department visits and hospitalization, and 8% required surgical treatment. Eighty-three percent of the patients continue in the program and are still being followed up six months after the transfer (AU)

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INTRODUCTION: Crohn's disease (CD) is a subtype of chronic and incurable inflammatory bowel disease. It can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract and its etiology is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this consensus was to establish the most relevant aspects related to definitions, diagnosis, follow-up, medical treatment, and surgical treatment of Crohn's disease in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mexican specialists in the areas of gastroenterology and inflammatory bowel disease were summoned. The consensus was divided into five modules, with 69 statements. Applying the Delphi panel method, the pre-meeting questions were sent to the participants, to be edited and weighted. At the face-to-face meeting, all the selected articles were shown, underlining their level of clinical evidence; all the statements were discussed, and a final vote was carried out, determining the percentage of agreement for each statement. RESULTS: The first Mexican consensus on Crohn's disease was produced, in which recommendations for definitions, classifications, diagnostic aspects, follow-up, medical treatment, and surgical treatment were established. CONCLUSIONS: Updated recommendations are provided that focus on definitions, classifications, diagnostic criteria, follow-up, and guidelines for conventional medical treatment, biologic therapy, and small molecule treatment, as well as surgical management.

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BACKGROUND: Real-world studies about the effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab (VDZ) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Latin America are scarce. Our study describes the effectiveness and safety of VDZ in Colombian patients with IBD. METHODS: EXVEDOCOL (EXperience of VEDOlizumab in COLombia) was a retrospective, multicenter, observational study. Adults with IBD receiving a first dose of VDZ between July 2016 and October 2018 were included. The co-primary outcomes clinical response, and remission, were determined at week 14 and last visit during the maintenance phase (LVMP). The secondary outcomes, deep remission and loss of response were recorded at LVMP. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (25 ulcerative colitis (UC), 6 Crohn's disease (CD)) were included. At week 14, clinical response was achieved by 87.1% (27/31) of the patients treated with VDZ, while loss of response was reported in 6.7% (2/30). The remission rate at week 14 was 65.5% (19/29) and 75.9% (22/29) at LVMP. Prior anti-TNF exposure was reported in 61.3% (19 patients) of whom 84.2% (16/19) achieved clinical response at week 14 and 89.5% (17/19) at LVMP. For anti-TNF naïve patients, clinical response was recorded in 91.7% (11/12) at week 14 and 100% (12/12) at LVMP. CONCLUSIONS: High clinical remission rates and safety profile highlight VDZ as a valuable treatment option for IBD patients. Anti-TNF naïve patients may derive greater benefit from therapy. Studies with larger cohorts could confirm these findings.

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RESUMEN Introducción: Se ha tratado de identificar los factores genéticos relacionados con susceptibilidad para enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII), y los hallazgos actuales se inclinan por un modelo de patología complejo, sin un patrón hereditario claro. Objetivo: Realizar caracterización fenotípica y genotípica de pacientes con EII en población colombiana y describir su posible asociación con predisposición. Materiales y métodos: Serie de casos, 16 pacientes con EII por criterios clínicos y anatomopatológicos, inicio de síntomas gastrointestinales después de los 18 años. Todos tuvieron asesoramiento genético pre-test y se realizaron árboles genealógicos de mínimo tres generaciones. También, genotipificación, por medio de un panel de genes múltiples que incluía genes relacionados con EII y algunos trastornos autoinmunitarios. Finalmente, se realizó análisis genómico de variantes. Resultados: 9 mujeres y 7 hombres, con edad media de diagnóstico de EII 35 años, y 32 años para aparición de síntomas gastrointestinales. 11/16(68,75%) requirieron terapia biológica. 10/16 (62,5%) presentaron refractariedad a terapia estándar. 3/16 (18,75%) tenían antecedentes familiares positivos de EII. 100% casos presentaron al menos un single nucleotide polymorphism relacionado con riesgo de EII en más de un gen. Los genes más relacionados con colitis ulcerosa (CU), fueron CD48, CD6, y TYK2 para CU, y CD6 e ITGAM para la enfermedad de Crohn. El gen más frecuente fue CD6. Se observó en 3/16 (18,75%) presencia de hasta 5 genes, 4 en 3/16 (18,75%), y tres en 5/16 (31,25%). Conclusión: En EII hay presencia de variantes genéticas con predisposición asociada, pero sin patogenicidad confirmada, y cuya sumatoria parece contribuir en su fisiopatología.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Attempts have been made to identify the genetic factors related to susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the current conclusions are in favor of a complex pathology model, without a clear hereditary pattern. Objective: To perform phenotypic and genotypic characterization of patients with IBD in Colombian population and to describe its possible association with predisposition. Materials and methods: case series, 16 patients with IBD according to clinical and pathological criteria, onset of gastrointestinal symptoms after 18 years of age. All had pre-test genetic counseling and family trees of at least three generations were made. Also, genotyping, using a multigene panel that included genes related to IBD and some autoimmune disorders. Finally, a genomic analysis of variants was performed. Results: 9 women and 7 men, with mean age of diagnosis of IBD of 35 years, and gastrointestinal symptoms appearance of 32 years. 11/16 (68.75%) required biological therapy. 10/16 (62.5%) were refractory to standard therapy. 3/16 (18.75%) had positive family history of IBD. 100% cases presented at least one single nucleotide polymorphism related to IBD risk in more than one gene. The genes most related to ulcerative colitis (UC) were CD48, CD6, and TYK2 for UC, and CD6 and ITGAM for Crohn's disease. The most frequent gene was CD6. It was found presence of up to 5 genes in 3/16 (18.75%), 4 in 3/16 (18.75%), and three in 5/16 (31.25%). Conclusion: In IBD there is the presence of genetic variants with associated predisposition, but without confirmed pathogenicity, and whose sum seems to contribute to its pathophysiology.

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BACKGROUND: The frequency and patterns of use of scores for the assessment of endoscopic activity in inflammatory bowel disease patients are not known. AIM: To describe the prevalence of adequate use of endoscopic scores in IBD patients who underwent colonoscopy in a real-life setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter observational study comprising six community hospitals in Argentina was undertaken. Patients with a diagnosis of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis who underwent colonoscopy for endoscopic activity assessment between 2018 and 2022 were included. Colonoscopy reports of included subjects were manually reviewed to determine the proportion of colonoscopies that included an endoscopic score report. We determined the proportion of colonoscopy reports that included all of the IBD colonoscopy report quality elements proposed by BRIDGe group. Endoscopist's specialty, years of experience as well as expertise in IBD were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 1556 patients were included for analysis (31.94% patients with Crohn's disease). Mean age was 45.94±15.46. Endoscopic score reporting was found in 58.41% of colonoscopies. Most frequently used scores were Mayo endoscopic score (90.56%) and SES-CD (56.03%) for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, respectively. In addition, 79.11% of endoscopic reports failed to comply with all recommendations on endoscopic reporting for inflammatory bowel disease. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of endoscopic reports of inflammatory bowel disease patients do not include the description of an endoscopic score to assess mucosal inflammatory activity in a real-world setting. This is also associated with a lack of compliance in recommended criteria for proper endoscopic reporting.

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INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Thiopurine-related leukopenia is associated with polymorphisms in the thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X type motif 15 (NUDT15) genes. However, those polymorphisms explain only a fraction of thiopurine-related leukopenia. Our aim was to study the role of an inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA) polymorphism in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and thiopurine-related leukopenia that was unexplained by the TPMT and NUDT15 polymorphisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We enrolled consecutive IBD patients on thiopurines (azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine) from January 2019-March 2020, at a tertiary care center in North India. The presence of the ITPA (C.94C > A) polymorphism was evaluated in all patients, along with its association with thiopurine-related leukopenia. RESULTS: Of the 33 patients (from a total of 119 patients) that developed leukopenia, 8 had the TPMT (n = 1) or NUDT15 (n = 7) polymorphism. Of the remaining 111 patients, their mean age was 36.36 ±â€¯13.54 years and 57 (51.3%) were males. Twenty-five (21.01%) had unexplained leukopenia. The ITPA polymorphism was detected in 4 (16%) patients in the unexplained leukopenia group and 24 (27.9%) patients in the non-leukopenia group (p = 0.228). The odds ratio for predicting leukopenia with the ITPA polymorphism was 0.4921 (95% CI 0.1520-1.5830, p = 0.234). CONCLUSION: The ITPA (C.94C > A) polymorphism was frequently detected in the study population but was not predictive for leukopenia in patients with IBD on thiopurine therapy.

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La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal es un problema de salud que actualmente genera alta morbilidad en el paciente pediátrico. Existen múltiples métodos diagnósticos que permiten su evaluación, entre los cuales y de creciente uso, está la ecografía digestiva. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue mostrar una panorámica actualizada de la utilidad e idoneidad de esta técnica en el seguimiento de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en pacientes pediátricos. Se hizo una recopilación y revisión de la literatura nacional e internacional de mayor novedad y profundidad en el tratamiento del tema, en un período de 4 meses (febrero de 2022 a mayo de 2022). La estrategia de búsqueda adoptada fue el uso de las palabras clave o descriptores en español e inglés como: enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, pediatría, enfermedad de Crohn, colitis ulcerosa, ultrasonido, ecografía digestiva. En total se utilizaron 50 artículos, de diferentes bases de datos como:Scielo, PubMed/Medline, Ebesco, Clinical Key y Springer. Se escogieron 30 citas para realizar la revisión, donde se analizó la importancia de la técnica en la descripción de las características ecográficas intestinales en pacientes pediátricos, confirmándose el papel que tiene en la identificación e intervención temprana de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a health problem that currently causes high morbidity in pediatric patients. There are several diagnostic methods that allow its evaluation, among which gastrointestinal ultrasound is increasingly used. The aim of this research was to provide an updated review of the usefulness and suitability of this technique in the follow-up of inflammatory bowel disease in pediatric patients. A compilation and review of the national and international literature of greater novelty and depth in the treatment of the subject was made over a period of 4 months (February 2022 to May 2022). The search strategy adopted was the use of keywords or descriptors in Spanish and English such as: inflammatory bowel disease; pediatrics; Crohn's disease; ulcerative colitis; ultrasound; digestive ultrasound. A total of 50 articles were used from different databases such as: Scielo, PubMed/Medline, Ebesco, Clinical Key and Springer. Thirty citations were selected for review, analyzing the importance of the technique in the description of intestinal ultrasound characteristics in pediatric patients, confirming its role in the identification and early intervention of inflammatory bowel disease.

A doença inflamatória intestinal é um problema de saúde que atualmente causa elevada morbilidade no doente pediátrico. Existem vários métodos de diagnóstico que permitem a sua avaliação, entre os quais a ecografia gastrointestinal é cada vez mais utilizada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer uma revisão actualizada da utilidade e adequação desta técnica no seguimento da doença inflamatória intestinal em idade pediátrica. Foi feita uma compilação e revisão da literatura nacional e internacional de maior novidade e profundidade no tratamento do tema, durante um período de 4 meses (fevereiro de 2022 a maio de 2022). A estratégia de busca adotada foi o uso de palavras-chave ou descritores em espanhol e inglês, tais como: doença inflamatória intestinal; pediatria; doença de Crohn; colite ulcerativa; ultrassom; ultrassom digestivo. Foram utilizados 50 artigos de diferentes bases de dados, como: Scielo, PubMed/Medline, Ebesco, Clinical Key e Springer. Foram selecionadas 30 citações para revisão, analisando a importância da técnica na descrição das características ultra-sonográficas intestinais em pacientes pediátricos, confirmando seu papel na identificação e intervenção precoce da doença inflamatória intestinal.

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Crohn's disease (CD) frequently requires surgery due to complications. Although traditionally reserved for complicated cases, primarily ileocecal early intestinal resection is gaining interest as an initial treatment. Studies suggest that early intestinal resection reduces relapses and the need for biological therapy compared to initial medical treatment. However, more research is needed to evaluate its long-term impact in real-world clinical practice

La enfermedad de Crohn (EC) frecuentemente requiere cirugía debido a complicaciones. Aunque tradicionalmente se reserva para casos complicados, la resección intestinal temprana (RIT) a nivel ileocecal está ganando interés como tratamiento inicial. Estudios sugieren que la RIT reduce recaídas y la necesidad de terapia biológica comparado con el tratamiento médico inicial. Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para evaluar su impacto a largo plazo en la práctica clínica real.

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INTRODUCTION: Defining histological variables that make it possible to establish the activity of Crohn's disease (CD) and predict the patients who may present a higher risk of clinical complications and surgical interventions could lead to timely adjustments in medical therapy and elective surgeries that represent a lower risk of complications. The purpose of the study is to determine the relation between the histopathological findings using the Naini and Cortina (N&C) score, the clinical severity, and the indication for surgery in a group of patients with CD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study of 44 patients diagnosed with CD, treated at the San Vicente Fundación University Hospital in Medellín, Colombia, between 2010 and 2022. RESULTS: Of the 44 patients, 36 ileum samples and 34 colon samples were obtained. Of the patients with inflammatory behavior, 87.5% did not have surgical intervention (P=.022), a value that remained significant in the ileum subgroup (P=.0058). 91.3% of the patients with ileal involvement did not develop perianal disease (P=.01). Granulomas only occurred in two patients with a colon sample (5.8%). In the histological score of N&C both in the ileum and in the colon, no statistically significant differences were obtained in relation to the surgical outcome (P=.34 and P=.054, respectively). CONCLUSION: The histological index of N&C was not a predictor in Crohn's disease (CD) related to the surgical outcome.

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Introduction: Pediatric ulcerative colitis (CUP), pediatric Crohn's disease (PCD), and pediatric inflammatory bowel disease not classifiable (PIDNCID) have clinical and psychosocial particularities that differentiate them from those of adults and may condition different therapeutic approaches due to possible nutritional, growth and developmental repercussions, representing a challenge for the pediatrician and gastroenterologist. Objective: Develop expert consensus evidence-based recommendations for the timely and safe diagnosis and treatment of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PID) in children under 18 years of age for professionals caring for these patients and healthcare payers. Methodology: Through a panel of experts from the Colombian College of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (COLGAHNP) and a multidisciplinary group, 35 questions were asked regarding the clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment of PID. Through a critical review and analysis of the literature with particular emphasis on the main clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and meta-analyses of the last ten years, from which the experts made 77 recommendations that responded to each of the research questions with their respective practical points. Subsequently, each of the statements was voted on within the developer group, including the statements that achieved > 80%. Results: All statements scored > 80%. PID has greater extension, severity, and evolution towards stenosis, perianal disease, extraintestinal manifestations, and growth retardation compared to adult patients, so its management should be performed by multidisciplinary groups led by pediatric gastroenterologists and prepare them for a transition to adulthood. Porto's criteria allow a practical classification of PID. In CPE, we should use the Paris classification and perform ileocolonoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy, since 50% have upper involvement, using the SES-CD (UCEIS/Mayo in CUP) and taking multiple biopsies. Initial labs should include inflammatory markers and fecal calprotectin and rule out intestinal infections. Treatment, induction, and maintenance of PID should be individualized and decided according to risk stratification. Follow-up should use PCDAI and PUCAI for the last 48 hours. Immunologists and geneticists should evaluate patients with early and infantile PID. Conclusion: A consensus guideline is provided with evidence-based recommendations on timely and safe diagnosis and treatments in patients with ILD.

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Introduction: Crohn's disease (CD) is unusual in Colombia. Tuberculosis (TB) occurs more frequently, but intestinal involvement is rare. Differentiating these two entities and treating the cases in which they coexist is a challenge. Clinical case: A 28-year-old man with three months of constitutional, respiratory, and GI symptoms was initially diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, and all the clinical manifestations were attributed to this entity. Given the absence of improvement with treatment and the sum of radiological, endoscopic, and pathological findings, CD was confirmed. Treatment was complex due to the coexistence of the two entities, although he finally went into remission with the use of biologicals. Discussion: Diagnosing CD requires the sum of clinical and paraclinical findings. A therapeutic test may be necessary to differentiate it from intestinal TB. The treatment of CD in a patient with TB has some limitations; steroids are not contraindicated, and biologicals must be initiated cautiously. Conclusions: Differentiating CD from intestinal TB is a diagnostic challenge. Therapeutic management when these two entities coexist requires an interdisciplinary approach.

Introducción: la enfermedad de Crohn (EC) es inusual en Colombia. La tuberculosis (TB) se presenta con mayor frecuencia, pero el compromiso intestinal es raro. Diferenciar estas dos entidades y el tratamiento de los casos en los que coexisten es un reto. Caso clínico: hombre de 28 años con 3 meses de síntomas constitucionales, respiratorios y gastrointestinales al que en un inicio se le confirmó el diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar y se le atribuyó a esta entidad todas las manifestaciones clínicas. Ante la ausencia de mejoría con el tratamiento y la suma de hallazgos radiológicos, endoscópicos y patológicos, se confirmó EC. El tratamiento fue difícil debido a la coexistencia de las dos entidades, aunque finalmente presentó remisión con el uso de biológicos. Discusión: diagnosticar la EC requiere de la sumatoria de hallazgos clínicos y paraclínicos. Para diferenciarla de TB intestinal puede llegar a ser necesaria una prueba terapéutica. El tratamiento de EC en un paciente con TB tiene algunas limitaciones, los esteroides no se contraindican de manera absoluta y el inicio de biológicos debe hacerse con precaución. Conclusiones: diferenciar la EC de la TB intestinal es un reto diagnóstico. El enfoque terapéutico cuando coexisten estas dos entidades requiere un abordaje interdisciplinario.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Combination therapy with an immunomodulator (IMM) and an anti-TNF is commonly recommended in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. However, little is known about relapse rates after therapeutic de-escalation. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of relapse in a cohort of UC and CD patients with long-standing clinical remission after discontinuation of IMM or anti-TNF and to identify predictive factors for relapse. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients with UC or CD on combination therapy and clinical remission for at least 6 months. IMM or anti-TNF was stopped upon physician decision. Primary objective was to evaluate the relapse rates after discontinuation of IMM or anti-TNF and to analyze predictors of relapse. RESULTS: The study included 88 patients, 48 patients (54.5%) discontinued IMM and 40 (45.5%) anti-TNF. During follow-up, relapse rates were 16.7% and 52.5% in the IMM discontinuation group and anti-TNF discontinuation group, respectively (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that anti-TNF discontinuation (HR=3.01; 95% CI=1.22-7.43) and ileal CD location (HR=2.36; 95% CI=1.02-5.47) were predictive factors for relapse while inflammatory CD phenotype was a protective factor (HR=0.32; 95% CI=0.11-0.90). Reintroduction of anti-TNF upon relapse was effective and safe. CONCLUSION: Anti-TNF discontinuation led to significantly higher relapse rates compared to IMM discontinuation in UC and CD patients on combination therapy. Anti-TNF discontinuation and ileal CD location were identified as predictive factors for relapse while inflammatory CD phenotype was a protective factor. Retreatment after anti-TNF discontinuation was effective and safe.

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La vitamina D es una hormona conocida desde larga fecha, por sus efectos sobre la salud ósea y la regulación del metabolismo del fósforo y calcio. Desde el descubrimiento de receptores para esta molécula en un gran número de células del organismo, se ha abierto el campo para el estudio de sus efectos sobre el sistema inmune. Sus relaciones con las células del sistema inmune, genes y microbiota hace que el interés sea grande en relación con enfermedades inmunomediadas. Muchos datos indican que esta vitamina tiene efectos preventivos, moduladores y controladores de los efectos adversos de las Enfermedades Inflamatorias Intestinales (EII) en la salud ósea, aunque es difícil demostrar la causalidad de forma taxativa. En esta revisión intentamos resumir la situación actual y los temas de controversia en este interesante campo, centrándonos en las enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales.

Vitamin D is a hormone known for a long time, for its effects on bone health and the regulation of phosphorus and calcium metabolism. Since the discovery of receptors for this molecule in a large number of cells in the body, the field has been opened for the study of its effects on the immune system. Its relationships with the cells of the immune system, genes, and microbiota cause great interest in relation to immune-mediated diseases. Many data indicates that this vitamin has preventive, modulating and controlling effects of the adverse effects of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) on bone health, although it is difficult to definitively demonstrate causality. In this review, we try to summarize the current situation and controversial issues in this interesting field, focusing on inflammatory bowel diseases.

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La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) es un espectro de enfermedades crónicas inmunomediadas que afectan tanto el tracto gastrointestinal, como otros sistemas extraintestinales, comportándose como una enfermedad sistémica. Los fenómenos tromboembólicos son una complicación frecuente en la EII, como consecuencia de los estados de hipercoagulabilidad que se asocian con la actividad de la enfermedad, y su aparición tiene un impacto negativo tanto en el pronóstico como en la sobrevida de los pacientes. Debido a ello, el control de la actividad inflamatoria de la EII es uno de los pilares en el control de los eventos tromboembólicos. Los medicamentos biológicos se asocian al control rápido del cuadro inflamatorio, sin embargo, siempre se discute el tema de seguridad para la reactivación de infecciones latentes, en particular tuberculosis. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 37 años que debutó con trombosis venosa profunda en el miembro inferior izquierdo y posteriormente con tromboembolismo pulmonar masivo. Luego de investigar la etiología y ampliar la historia clínica se le diagnosticó Enfermedad de Crohn (EC). Al realizar los estudios previos al uso de biológicos, las pruebas de PPD y quantiferon resultaron positivas, luego de la discusión del caso se decidió iniciar tratamiento con ustekinumab.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a spectrum of chronic immune-mediated diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract and other extraintestinal systems, behaving as a systemic disease. Thromboembolic phenomena are a frequent complication in IBD, because of hypercoagulability states associated with disease activity, and their presence has a negative impact on prognosis and patient survival. Due to this, the control of the inflammatory activity of IBD is one of the pillars in the control of thromboembolic events. Biological drugs are associated with rapid control of the inflammatory process, however, the security profile for the reactivation of latent infections, particularly tuberculosis, is always discussed. We present the case of a 37-year-old patient who presented with deep vein thrombosis in the left lower limb and later with massive pulmonary thromboembolism. During his evaluation, he was diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD). When carrying out the studies prior to the use of biologics, PPD and quantiferon tests were positive. After discussing the case, we decided to start treatment with ustekinumab.

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Metastatic Crohn's disease (MCD) is a rare cutaneous manifestation of Crohn's disease (CD). The simultaneous involvement of the vulva and oral region is uncommon in clinical presentations of MCD. We present the case of a middle-aged woman with a family history of autoimmunity who initially presented with oral and vulvoperineal involvement. Initially, Behçet's disease was ruled out, but histopathological studies of the vulva revealed findings compatible with MCD. The patient had no gastrointestinal symptoms, and fecal calprotectin levels were normal. Upper and lower endoscopic examinations and capsule endoscopy of the small intestine (SI) did not reveal any significant findings. Treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents was initiated but resulted in paradoxical psoriasis with adalimumab and infliximab. Cyclosporine was also used, but the patient experienced intolerable tachycardia. After 18 months, the patient developed episcleritis and experienced diarrhea accompanied by cramp-like abdominal pain. Repeat upper and lower endoscopic examinations showed normal results, while capsule endoscopy of the SI revealed CD enteritis. The patient was diagnosed with CD of the small intestine, along with extraintestinal manifestations of vulvoperineal MCD, oral involvement, and episcleritis. Management with azathioprine and ustekinumab was initiated, resulting in significant clinical improvement. MCD poses a diagnostic challenge due to its unusual manifestations. It may present without gastrointestinal tract involvement, mimicking other conditions. Therefore, timely diagnosis and the selection of the most appropriate therapeutic strategy are crucial.

La enfermedad de Crohn metastásica (ECM) es una entidad rara, es una manifestación cutánea en enfermedad Crohn (EC), y en su presentación clínica es inusual el compromiso vulvar y oral de modo concomitante. Se describe el caso de una mujer de edad media que tiene historia familiar de autoinmunidad, presenta inicialmente compromiso oral y vulvoperineal. En su abordaje inicial se descartó enfermedad de Behçet, pero los estudios histopatológicos a nivel vulvar tuvieron hallazgos compatibles para ECM. Hubo ausencia de síntomas gastrointestinales y sus niveles de calprotectina fecal eran normales. Los estudios endoscópicos altos y bajos, y la cápsula endoscópica del intestino delgado (ID) no tuvieron hallazgos relevantes. Se inició el tratamiento con antifactor de necrosis tumoral (anti-TNF) y presentó una psoriasis paradójica con adalimumab e infliximab. También se utilizó ciclosporina y presentó una taquicardia intolerable. 18 meses después de estos síntomas tuvo epiescleritis e inició con diarrea asociada a dolor abdominal tipo cólico, por lo que se repitieron los estudios endoscópicos altos y bajos, que resultaron normales, y cápsula endoscópica de ID mostró una enteritis por EC. Se consideró EC de ID con manifestaciones extraintestinales y con ECM vulvoperineal, compromiso oral y epiescleritis. Se requirió manejo con azatioprina y ustekinumab, con una mejoría clínica significativa. La ECM es un reto diagnóstico, pues es una manifestación inusual; en su debut puede haber ausencia de compromiso en el tracto gastrointestinal y también simular otras entidades. Debe buscarse lograr el diagnóstico oportuno y la estrategia terapéutica más segura.

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INTRODUCTION AND AIM: The majority of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) seek information about their disease on the Internet. The reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality of said information in Spanish has not previously been studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analytic observational study was conducted that included YouTube® videos on IBD available in Spanish, describing general characteristics, engagement, and sources. Standard tools for evaluating reliability (DISCERN), comprehensiveness, and overall quality (Global Quality Score, GQS) were employed. RESULTS: One hundred videos were included. Eighty-eight videos consisted of information produced by healthcare professionals (group 1) and 12 included patient opinions (group 2). There were no differences in the median scores for reliability (DISCERN 3 vs 3, p = 0.554) or comprehensiveness (3 vs 2.5, p = 0.768) between the two groups, but there was greater overall quality in the group 2 videos (GQS 3 vs 4, p = 0.007). Reliability was higher for the videos produced by professional organizations (DISCERN 4; IQR 3-4), when compared with healthcare information websites and for-profit agencies (DISCERN 3; IQR 2.5-3.5) (p < 0.001), but the videos with healthcare information website and for-profit sources had a higher quality score (GQS 3 vs 4, p < 0.001). Comprehensiveness scores were similar. CONCLUSION: The majority of YouTube® videos in Spanish on IBD have good reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality. Reliability was greater for the videos produced by professional organizations, whereas quality was higher for those created from healthcare information websites and for-profit agencies.

RESUMO

En Colombia no hay datos acerca de la percepción de la calidad de vida (CdV) en enfermedad infamatoria intestinal (EII). Se plantea como objetivo determinar la percepción de la CdV mediante el cuestionario IBDQ-32 en pacientes con EII a partir de una muestra de pacientes de diferentes centros de referencia. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en adultos, con EII en remisión clínica, en seguimiento ambulatorio, en 3 instituciones en diferentes ciudades, entre junio 2022 a noviembre 2022, se identificaron sujetos elegibles, se recolectó información en fechas distintas, acerca aspectos sociodemográficos y clínicos, se evaluó el cuestionario IBDQ-32 en una ocasión y se realizó análisis descriptivo y analítico de las variables evaluadas. Como resultado, se obtuvieron 80 pacientes, 70% mujeres, edad media 38,5 (rango18-72; SD 13,25) años. 67,5% colitis ulcerosa (CU), 32,5% enfermedad de Crohn (EC). Se encontró compromiso moderado de la CdV (mediana 150 puntos, rango-intercuartílico 118,3-181,5) en EII, en CU mediana 151 (rango-intercuartílico 120-174,75) puntos, mientras en EC 133(rango-intercuartílico 106,25-186,25) puntos. Hubo mayor afección en dominio sistémico, con medianas 21 (rango-intercuartílico 15,8-27) puntos, y 18,5 (rango-intercuartílico 12,8-25,3) puntos, para CU y EC, respectivamente. Y, los menos afectados correspondieron al dominio digestivo y función social, en CU medianas 48,5 (rango-intercuartílico 40-58,3), y 27 (rango-intercuartílico 20,8-33); en EC medianas 43 (rango-intercuartílico 35,5-61,75) y 24,5 (rango-intercuartílico 18-32,5), respectivamente. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Este estudio aporta información única acerca CdV de los pacientes con EII en Colombia. Se requiere seguir reforzando el acompañamiento, apoyo, y educación a los pacientes con EII.

In Colombia there are no data about perception of quality of life (QoL) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to determine the perception of QoL by means of the IBDQ-32 questionnaire in patients with IBD from a sample of patients from different referral centers. We carried out a cross-sectional study in adults with IBD in clinical remission, in outpatient follow-up, in 3 institutions in different cities, between June 2022 and November 2022, eligible subjects were identified, information was collected on different dates, about socio-demographic and clinical aspects, and the IBDQ-32 questionnaire was evaluated on one occasion. Descriptive and analytical analysis of the variables evaluated was performed. 80 patients, 70% women, mean age 38.5(range 18-72; SD 13.25) years. 67.5% ulcerative colitis (UC), 32.5% Crohn´s disease (CD). Moderate QoL involvement (median 150 points, interquartile range118.3-181.5) was found in IBD, in UC median 151 (interquartile range120-174.75) points, while in CD 133 (interquartile range106.25-186.25) points. There was greater involvement in the systemic domain, with median 21 (interquartile range 15.8-27) points, and 18.5 (interquartile range 12.8-25.3) points, for UC and CD, respectively. The least affected corresponded to the digestive domain and social function, in median UC 48.5 (interquartile range 40-58.3), and 27(interquartile range 20.8-33); in median CD 43 (interquartile range 35.5-61.75) and 24.5(interquartile range 18-32.5), respectively. No statistically significant differences were found. This study provides unique information about QoL of patients with IBD in Colombia. It is necessary to continue reinforcing the accompaniment, support, and education of patients with IBD.

RESUMO

La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) en adultos mayores se caracteriza por su variabilidad clínica, distintos diagnósticos diferenciales y manejo terapéutico. El objetivo de la presente investigación es evaluar las características clínicas y manejo de los pacientes adultos mayores con EII. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo de enero del 2011 a diciembre del 2019 en pacientes con EII en el Servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima-Perú. Fueron evaluados 55 pacientes con EC y 107 con CU; 45,6% de pacientes con EII eran adultos mayores. De ellos, 28 tenían EC y 46 CU. Los adultos mayores con EC presentaron fenotipo inflamatorio y localización colónica predominantemente, mientras en CU, la colitis extensa e izquierda fueron las más frecuentes. Asimismo, los ancianos tuvieron menor puntaje CDAI (279,8 vs 323,2) y menor índice de Mayo (7,1 vs 9,2) con relación a los pacientes jóvenes, sin diferencias significativas. Respecto al tratamiento, se observó un menor uso de azatioprina (2 vs 8, p<0,03) y Anti-TNF (9 vs 18, p<0,01) en los adultos mayores con EC. La necesidad de cirugía y la frecuencia de complicaciones post quirúrgicas fueron similares entre ambos grupos. En conclusión, casi la mitad de los pacientes con EII son adultos mayores. La localización colónica fue la más frecuente en EC, y en CU la colitis extensa e izquierda. Observamos un menor uso de azatioprina y terapia biológica en adultos mayores, sin diferencias significativas en el uso de corticoides y aminosalicilatos respecto a los jóvenes.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in elderly patients is characterized by its clinical variability, different differential diagnoses and therapeutic management. The objective of our investigation is to evaluate the clinical characteristics and management of elderly patients with IBD. We developed an observational, descriptive, retrospective study from January 2011 to December 2019 in patients with IBD at the Gastroenterology Service of Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital, Lima-Peru. 55 patients with CD and 107 with UC were evaluated; 45.6% of patients with IBD are older adults. Of these, 28 had CD and 46 UC. Older adults with CD presented predominantly an inflammatory phenotype and colonic location, while extensive and left-sided colitis were the most frequent in UC. Elderly patients had a lower CDAI score (279.8 vs 323.2) and a lower Mayo index (7.1 vs 9.2) in relation to the younger, without significant differences. Regarding treatment, a lower use of azathioprine (2 vs 8, p <0.03) and Anti-TNF (9 vs 18, p <0.01) was observed in the elderly with CD. The need for surgery and the frequency of post-surgical complications were similar between both groups. In conclusion, nearly half of IBD patients are older adults. The colonic location was the most frequent in CD, and in UC extensive and left colitis. We observed a lower use of azathioprine and biological therapy in elderly patients, without significant differences in the use of corticosteroids and aminosalicylates compared to younger people.

RESUMO

La malacoplaquia del colon es una causa inusual de diarrea crónica y puede presentarse como una enfermedad consuntiva. A nivel de colon produce lesiones ulceradas y nodulares erosionadas, similares a las de otras enfermedades infecciosas o granulomatosas más comunes. El diagnostico se basa en el estudio anatomopatológico que muestra acúmulos de histiocitos en la lámina propia, en cuyo interior se observan unas inclusiones redondeadas, positivas a la tinción de Von Kossa, denominadas cuerpos de Michaelis-Gutmann. Presentamos el caso de un varón 55 años, sin otras enfermedades asociadas, que debutó con diarrea, baja ponderal y anemia, mostrando una respuesta clínica muy favorable con el uso de antibióticos.

Colonic malacoplakia is an unusual cause of chronic diarrhea, and it may present as a consumptive disease. At the colon, it can induce ulcerative and erosive nodular lesions, that mimic other common granulomatous or infectious diseases. Diagnosis is support in biopsies showing groups of histiocytes, with typical Michaelis-Gutmann inclusions, which are positive with the Von Kossa stain. We present the case of a 55-year-old male, without associated diseases, who presented with diarrhea, weight loss and anemia, showing a very good clinical response to antibiotics.

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In Latin America and Colombia there are few studies about the clinical and therapeutic characteristics of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The objective of this study is to obtain an approximation to these data from a sample of patients from different reference centres in Colombia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study in adult and paediatric patients, with IBD, attended ambulatory in 6 institutions in different cities, between 2017 and 2020 information was collected on different dates, about demographic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects. RESULTS: Six hundred and five subjects, 565 (93.4%) adults, mean age 43 years (SD 12.78), 64% with ulcerative colitis (UC). The age at diagnosis of UC was 41.9 years, while in Crohn's disease (CD) it was 47.9 years. In UC, there was greater left involvement (47.2%), and in CD, 42.8% ileocolonic (L3). More than 50% were in mild activity or clinical remission. In UC, the biologic requirement was 27.2%, while in CD, 78%. Overall hospitalisation requirement was 39.5%, and the need for surgery was 37.5% in UC and 62.5% in CD. Also, 40 pediatric patients, 90% female, with UC being more frequent (80%). In UC, 83.3% presented extensive colitis, and in CD, all with ileocolonic localization (L3). More than 95% were in mild activity or remission. Biologic therapy was required in 16.6% and 75% for UC and CD, respectively. The frequency of hospitalisations and surgery was 2.7%. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows some unique characteristics of patients with IBD in Colombia. An earlier diagnosis is required, with a better therapeutic approach.

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