RESUMO
The plant microbiota diversity is often underestimated when approaches developed mainly for the identification of cultivable microorganisms are used. High-throughput sequencing allows a deeper understanding of the microbial diversity associated with plants. The amplification of ITS1 was used to analyze fungal diversity in several plant organs and rhizosphere of three common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties grown in a greenhouse. The fungal diversity diverged between those plant organs and the rhizosphere, with the highest found in the rhizosphere and the lowest in the stem. In each organ different numbers of genus, OTUs were identified, in a total of 283 OTUs evenly distributed among the varieties. In the co-occurrence network, a larger number of positive interactions were found in the organs of the aerial part in all varieties. We observed that the diversity of the endophytic microbiota differed more between plant organs than between common bean varieties. Our results show that the diversity of endophytic fungi can be efficiently accessed with the sequencing of ITS amplicons and that this diversity may vary among distinct plant organs and the rhizosphere of a single plant variety.
Assuntos
Micobioma , Phaseolus/anatomia & histologia , Phaseolus/microbiologia , Rizosfera , Fungos/classificação , Variação Genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Raízes de Plantas/microbiologia , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
El uso desmedido de fertilizantes químicos nitrogenados y pesticidas ha traído graves consecuencias ambientales, por lo que se ha prestado gran atención al estudio de la microbiota nativa de los cultivos y sus beneficios a la planta, incluyendo la caña de azúcar. Este trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de caracterizar la microbiota nativa de la caña de azúcar. Se utilizaron 5 cepas bacterianas y 50 aislados provenientes del interior de este cultivo. Se determinó la actividad nitrogenasa y la influencia de la fuente de carbono, nitrógeno y el pH en la misma, mediante cromatografía gaseosa. Se detectó la producción de ácido indolacético por Dot-Immunobinding y el método de Salkowski. Del total de cepas y aislados, 19 mostraron actividad nitrogenasa, con valores entre 100 y 5000 //g/mL, y 6, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAl-5, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus 1-05, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus 4-02, aislado 17, aislado 30 y aislado 305; además, tienen la capacidad de producir AIA (valores entre 1,7 y 2,5 JMg/mL). Se demostró que las fuentes nutricionales y el pH del medio de cultivo influyen sobre la actividad nitrogenasa de las cepas representativas de la comunidad endófita.
Excessive application of chemical nitrogen fertilisers and pesticides has badly affected the environment. This has led to great interest being shown in studying a crops native microbial community and its benefit for plants. This paper was thus aimed at characterising sugarcanes endophytic microbial community. 5 sugar cane strains and 50 isolates were used. Gas chromatography was used for measuring nitrogenase activity and the influence of carbon and nitrogen sources and pH on cultures. Indol acetic (IAA) production was detected by Dot-Immunobinding and Salkowskis method. These results show that 19 strains and isolates had nitrogenase activity, values ranging from 100 to 5000 /zg/mL; 6 of them produced IAA (values ranging from 1,7 to 2,5 //g/mL): Gluconacetobacter iazotrophicus PAl-5, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus 1-05, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus 4-02, 17, 30 and 305. It was demonstrated that culture medium nutrient sources and pH affectedthe nitrogenase activity of the strains representing the endophytic community.