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The construction of dams and hydroelectric plants affects biodiversity in aquatic environments and can facilitate the invasion of species. Few studies assess the long-term response of parasite fauna under these events. The aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in the endoparasite composition of the invasive catfish Trachelyopterus galeatus (Linnaeus, 1766) in the floodplain of the upper Paraná River over a 27-year study period. A total of 79 fish were collected in period 1 (1993) and 31 in period 2 (2019/2020) at the same sampling points, and the endoparasites were located in the gastrointestinal system using a stereomicroscope. It was found that the development of the fish and the composition of their endoparasitic fauna changed over time. In the second period, the fish presented smaller values for mass (g) and standard length (cm) when compared to period 1. It was found that three species of endoparasites were found per period, but although the richness was the same, the composition differed, and only one digenean (Microrchis oligovitellum Lunaschi, 1987 (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae)) was shared. The Porto Primavera Dam was built upstream of the site between the sampling periods (1999) and caused a number of environmental changes, possibly being the main factor responsible for changes in components of the parasite community. Anthropic modification to an environment can cause loss of diversity and loss of ecological interactions. Through our results, we emphasize the importance of including parasite fauna in studies that assess environmental impacts.

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We describe the composition of endoparasites associated with leaf litter anurans from an Atlantic Forest area, in southeastern Brazil. We tested if body size, sex, and reproductive modes of anuran hosts influence endoparasite abundance and richness. We sampled 583 individuals from 11 anuran species and recorded 1,600 helminths from 14 taxa. The helminths that infected the greatest number of anuran host species were the nematodes Cosmocerca parva (8 spp.), Physaloptera sp. (8 spp.), and Cosmocerca brasiliense (7 spp.), and the most abundant helminth species were Physaloptera sp. (14.6%), Cosmocerca brasiliense (13.7%) and Cosmocerca parva (12.6%). Both helminth abundance and richness were positively affected by anuran body size and dependence on water for reproduction. Larger hosts can contain a higher abundance of parasites because they may provide more physical space than smaller ones, or it can simply be a function of age. Besides, parasite species richness can be highly correlated with the amount of time a host spends in association with aquatic habitats, a conservative aspect of both parasite and host natural history. Within host species, there was a positive and significant influence of body size on helminth abundance. Haddadus binotatus females had greater helminth abundance than males, probably due to sex-related differences in behavior and/or in physiology. Our data suggest that reproductive modes could also influence helminth infection parameters in other anuran communities and should be considered in detail in future analyses.

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Horse welfare assessment (HWA) does not account for individual or herd parasite infection. This study investigated the connection between HWA and individual parasite fecal egg count (FEC) in 90 Thoroughbred horses. All horses were naturally infected with gastrointestinal parasites and were evaluated for individual welfare indicators and FEC monthly, for 12 months. Horses were divided into three groups of 30 mares, 30 foals aged between 13 and 16 months (G2013), and 30 foals aged between two months and one year (G2014). A horse welfare protocol was developed and 1024 assessments were carried out by five trained assessors. FEC ranged from 0 to 5,760 with 98.8 % showing small strongyle eggs. Body condition scores were ideal in 94.4 % of the evaluations (n = 967), and 95.8 % of all horses had good clinical and behavioral indicators. Despite the variation in FEC, the data found no significant association between FEC and the behavioral indicators. The study suggests that FEC alone should not be used as a determinant of welfare when animals are managed with good nutritional and health management practices.

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Didelphis albiventris is considered the most common marsupial in Rio Grande do Sul. With omnivorous and synanthropic habits, it can serve as a host to various parasites, playing an important role in maintaining their biological cycle. Despite being a widespread and abundant species, it has a relatively little-known parasitic fauna. Therefore, the aim of this study was to report the diversity of parasites in a fecal sample from D. albiventris in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Modified Centrifugal-flotation and Spontaneous sedimentation techniques were used, revealing a high taxonomic diversity of parasites. Eggs of Ancylostoma spp., Toxocara spp., and Anoplocephalidae were reported for the first time in the host in the southern region of the country, along with the first report of pseudoparasitism by Syphacia spp. and Monocystis spp. in this animal species. The presence of different parasites in the feces of D. albiventris is of utmost importance, primarily for public health, but also for understanding the biodiversity of parasites present in wildlife, which has been poorly studied until now. This allows the implementation of effective strategies for controlling, preventing and treating these diseases.

Didelphis albiventris é considerado o marsupial mais comum no Rio Grande do Sul. Com hábitos onívoros e sinantrópicos, pode servir de hospedeiro para diversos parasitas, desempenhando importante papel na manutenção do seu ciclo biológico. Apesar de ser uma espécie difundida e abundante, possui uma fauna parasitária relativamente pouco conhecida. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a diversidade de parasitas em uma amostra fecal de D. albiventris no Rio Grande do Sul, Sul do Brasil. Foram utilizadas técnicas modificadas de flutuação centrífuga e sedimentação espontânea, revelando uma alta diversidade taxonômica de parasitas. Ovos de Ancylostoma spp., Toxocara spp. e Anoplocephalidae foram relatados pela primeira vez no hospedeiro na região sul do país, juntamente com o primeiro relato de pseudoparasitismo por Syphacia spp. e Monocystis spp. nesta espécie animal. A presença de diferentes parasitas nas fezes de D. albiventris é de extrema importância, principalmente para a saúde pública, mas também para a compreensão da biodiversidade de parasitas presentes na vida selvagem, que tem sido pouco estudada até agora. Isto permite a implementação de estratégias eficazes para controlar, prevenir e tratar estas doenças.

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Zoonotic parasitic diseases in dogs are particularly concerning in regions with low human development indices due to inadequate sanitary services and insufficient environmental and health education. This study aimed to assess the parasitological status of dogs living in households and evaluate their owners' knowledge about zoonoses. A total of 183 dogs from Rolim de Moura, Rondônia State, were screened for the presence of ectoparasites, and 163 fecal samples were collected for analysis. The results showed that 74.23% (112/163) of the animals had at least one species of endoparasite. The most identified pathogens were Ancylostoma spp. (68.71%, 112/163), Trichuris vulpis (11.66%, 19/163), Toxocara canis (6.75%, 11/163), Cystoisospora canis (4.91%, 8/163), Dipylidium caninum (1.23%, 2/163), and Hammondia/Neospora (0.61%, 1/163). Ectoparasites were observed in 43.17% (79/183) of the evaluated animals, with Rhipicephalus sanguineus found in 31.15% (57/183) and Ctenocephalides felis felis in 20.77% (38/183). Only 11.48% (7/61) of the owners were familiar with the term "Zoonoses." However, a significant majority (83.61%, 51/61) believed that dogs can transmit diseases to humans. Our findings highlight the prevalence of parasites in the studied area and associated risk factors, underscoring the urgent need for educational interventions to raise awareness about these diseases and their risks to human health.

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In Brazil, acanthocephalans parasitise anurans in several biomes. In the present study, we performed an analysis of acanthocephalan infections across 175 anuran individuals from the Cerrado biome, belonging to ten species: Boana raniceps, Pithecopus hypochondrialis, Scinax fuscomarginatus, Scinax x-signatus, Leptodactylus pustulatus, Leptodactylus macrosternum, Leptodactylus vastus, Physalaemus cuvieri, Adenomera hylaedactyla, and Elachistocleis piauiensis. We also verified the specificity of the parasites using the STD* index. Additionally, we conducted a survey of acanthocephalan infection in anurans in South America. The studied assemblage in the Brazilian Cerrado presented 57 parasitised hosts of 175 specimens (overall prevalence: 32.6%). In total, 437 acanthocephalans cystacanths were recorded, among which 286 presented the same morphotype but could not be identified, 148 belonged to the genus Centrorhynchus, and three belonged to Oncicola. Unidentified acanthocephalans had a higher prevalence in L. vastus (53.85%) and the highest intensity was in L. pustulatus (17±16). The highest prevalence of Centrorhynchus sp. was in the species S. fuscomarginatus (28.57%), while the highest intensity was observed in L. vastus (111). The taxon Oncicola sp. it had a prevalence of 3.23% and an intensity of 3 only in S. x-signatus. The highest specificity was recorded for Oncicola sp. (STD*= 1), whereas the lowest was found in Centrorhynchus sp. (STD*= 2.21). Finally, according to the survey for South America, we found ten records of acanthocephalan taxa parasitizing 58 species of anurans distributed in seven countries (Brazil with the most records).

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Free-roaming dogs are removed from the street by the Municipal Animal Control division/shelter and NGOs to safeguard public health as well as to prevent any suffering dogs may face and to find them homes. However, adoption rates are low and there is a lack of public programs aimed at humane control causing increased numbers of street dogs and overcrowding in shelters, compromising health and welfare. We aimed to evaluate the health of dogs from municipal shelters and independent shelters, and community dogs in the city of Guarapuava through clinical examination and complete blood cell count tests. The main changes found in the clinical examination of 297 dogs were hyperthermia in 4.0%, tachypnea in 20.5%, ocular and oral mucosa hypocorada in 6.4%, and ectoparasite infestation in 42.7%. Changes found in the erythrogram were anemia in 15.1% and polycythemia in 3.4%. In the platelet count, thrombocytopenia was found in 10.1% and thrombocytosis in 10.4%. On the leukogram, leukocytosis was observed in 14.8% and leukopenia in 3%. The results reveal the compromised health of some animals, requiring better diagnostic investigation, since certain clinical and complete blood cell count alterations may be caused by zoonotic agents that can endanger human and animal health.

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Cerdocyon thous is considered the most common wild canid in Rio Grande do Sul, and can serve as a host for several parasites, playing an important role in maintaining the biological cycle. Despite being a widespread and abundant species, they have a relatively little-known fauna of endo and ectoparasites, mainly focusing on the different regions of their occurrence. With this work, the objective was to report the multiparasitism in a specimen of C. thous in the Brazilian Pampa. Using modified Centrifuge-Flotation and Spontaneous Sedimentation techniques, a high taxonomic diversity of parasites was observed, and the finding of eggs compatible with Lagochilascaris spp. in C. thous in Brazil, in addition to Uncinaria spp. eggs and Cystoisospora spp. oocysts in the same host in the south of the country. The presence of eggs of different helminths in the feces of C. thous is extremely important, mainly for public health, but also for the knowledge of the biodiversity of parasites present in wild populations of canids, until then little studied, thus allowing the implementation of control programs.

Cerdocyon thous é considerado o canídeo silvestre mais comum no Rio Grande do Sul e pode servir como hospedeiro de diversos parasitos, desempenhando papel importante na manutenção do ciclo biológico. Mesmo sendo uma espécie difundida e abundante, têm uma fauna de endo e ectoparasitos relativamente pouco conhecida, principalmente enfocando as diferentes regiões de sua ocorrência. Com este trabalho, objetivou-se relatar o multiparasitismo em um espécime de C. thous no Pampa brasileiro. Por meio das técnicas de centrifugo-flutuação modificada e sedimentação espontânea, observou-se uma alta diversidade taxonômica de parasitos, sendo relatado, pela primeira vez, o achado de ovos compatíveis com Lagochilascaris spp. em C. thous no Brasil, além de ovos de Uncinaria spp. e oocistos de Cystoisospora spp. no mesmo hospedeiro, no sul do país. A presença de ovos de diferentes helmintos nas fezes de C. thous é de extrema importância, principalmente na saúde pública, mas também para o conhecimento da biodiversidade de parasitos presentes em populações silvestres de canídeos, até então pouco estudados, permitindo, assim, a implementação de programas de controle.

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As parasitosesgastrintestinais são as infecções estabelecidas no tubo gastrintestinal, e podem ser causadas por parasitos como os helmintos e coccídeos.O diagnóstico desses parasitas pode ser realizado de diversas maneiras e técnicas, sendo a mais conhecida, prática e rápida a técnica popularmente conhecida como método OPG, que determina o número de ovos do parasita por grama de fezes para calcular a carga parasitária do animal. O OPG apesar de ser a técnica mais utilizada, apresenta muita variabilidade nos resultados e diversas modificações foram descritas a fim de melhorar a eficiência da técnica. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar modificações das técnicas que resultam no número de OPG para determinar se alguma das modificações se equipara ao resultado da técnica padrão. Para seu desenvolvimento foi realizada a coleta de um pool de amostras de animais da espécie ovino, naturalmente infectados por helmintos; as amostras foram processadas por quatro modificações da técnica padrão, conhecido como o "Método de Gordon e Whitilock modificado", utilizando-se a câmara McMaster, a fim de tentar estimar a carga parasitária dos animais. Para cada técnica foram feitas cinco repetições utilizando a mesma amostra fecal homogeneizada, em todas as repetições e em todas as técnicas. Concluímos que a técnica padrão mostrou ser a técnica mais eficiente e viável, visto que os seus resultados diferiram estatisticamente das demais técnicas mesmo que algumas modificações produzam uma menor quantidade de resíduo ou que necessitem uma menor quantidade de amostra.(AU)

Gastrointestinal parasites are infections established in the gastrointestinal tract and can be caused by parasites such as helminths and coccidia. The diagnosis of these parasites can be performed in several ways and techniques, the best known, practical, and fast being the technique popularly known as the OPG method, which determines the number of parasite eggs per gram of feces to calculate the parasite load of the animal.The OPG, despite being the most used technique, presents a lot of variability in the results and several modifications have been described to improve the efficiency of the technique. Therefore, the objective of this work was to compare modifications of the techniques that result in the number of OPG to determine if any of the modifications equate to the result of the standard technique. For its development, a pool of samples of animals of the sheep species, naturally infected by helminths, was collected; the samples were processed by four modifications of the standard technique, known as the "Modified Gordon and Whitlock Method", using the McMaster chamber, in order to try to estimate the parasite load of the animals. For each technique, five repetitions were performed using the same homogenized fecal sample, in all repetitions and in all techniques. We concluded that the standard technique proved to be the most efficient and viable technique, since its results differed statistically from the other techniques, even if some modifications produced a smaller amount of residue or required a smaller amount of sample.(AU)

Los parásitos gastrointestinales son infecciones establecidas en el tracto gastrointestinal y pueden ser causadas por parásitos como helmintos y coccidios. El diagnóstico de estos parásitos se puederealizar de varias formas y técnicas, siendo la más conocida, práctica y rápida la técnica popularmente conocida como método OPG, que determina el número de huevos del parásito por gramo de heces para calcular la carga parasitaria del animal. La OPG, a pesar de ser la técnica más utilizada, presenta mucha variabilidad en los resultados y se han descrito varias modificaciones con el fin de mejorar la eficiencia de la técnica. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar las modificaciones de las técnicas que dan como resultado el número de OPG para determinar si alguna de las modificaciones equivale al resultado de la técnica estándar. Para su desarrollo se recolectó un pool de muestras de animales de la especie ovino, naturalmente infectados por helmintos; las muestras fueron procesadas por cuatro modificaciones de la técnica estándar, conocida como "Método de Gordon y Whitilock Modificado", utilizando la cámara McMaster, con el fin de tratar de estimar la carga parasitaria de los animales. Para cada técnica se realizaron cinco repeticiones utilizando la misma muestra fecal homogeneizada, en todas las repeticiones y en todas las técnicas. Concluimos que la técnica estándar demostró ser la técnica más eficiente y viable, ya que sus resultados diferían estadísticamente de las otras técnicas, aunque algunas modificaciones produjeron una menor cantidad de residuo o requirieron una menor cantidad de muestra.(AU)

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Brazil is composed of large ecosystems with vast biodiversity in fauna and flora. Agriculture and livestock farming provides an interaction between humans and domestic and wild animals, which favors the dissemination of infectious and parasitic agents. Wild rodents present a wide ecological diversity; therefore, it is necessary to know which species may be carriers of pathogens. This study aims to identify endo and ectoparasites, and hemoparasites in Spix's yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixii Wangler, 1831), and determine the hematological parameters of this species. The study was carried out with 16 adult specimens from both sexes, captured in the rural areas of Remigio and Areia, Paraiba State, northeastern Brazil. All Spix's yellow-toothed cavies presented ectoparasites, Gliricola quadrisetosa, Gyropus ovalis, Laelaps sp. and Chirodiscoides caviae, and endoparasites identified by the presence of Nematode eggs, Cestode eggs, and coccidian oocysts in the stool samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of parasitism by Gyropus ovalis, Laelaps sp. and Chirodiscoides cavia in Spix's yellow-toothed cavy. Animals tested negative by PCR for hemotropic Mycoplasma sp., Babesia sp., Ehrlichia sp., and Bartonella sp. For the first time, the hematological profile of these animals was determined. These results can be the basis for future research with the species, which can be used as a sample animal in experiments in clinical settings as an epidemiological guide since this species is routinely used by impoverished populations in the Northeastern region of Brazil as pets, as well as a source of protein.

O Brasil é composto por grandes ecossistemas com vasta biodiversidade na fauna e flora. O desenvolvimento da agricultura e pecuária proporciona uma interação entre a população humana e animais domésticos e silvestres, o que facilita a disseminação de agentes infecciosos e parasitos. Os roedores selvagens apresentam uma ampla diversidade ecológica; portanto, é necessário conhecer as espécies que podem ser portadoras de patógenos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar endo e ectoparasitos, e hemoparasitos em preás (Galea spixii Wangler, 1831), e determinar os parâmetros hematológicos desta espécie. O trabalho foi realizado com 16 espécimes adultos de ambos os sexos capturados nas áreas rurais de Remígio e Areia, estado da Paraíba, nordeste do Brasil. Todos os animais apresentaram ectoparasitas, Gliricola quadrisetosa, Gyropus ovalis, Laelaps sp. e Chirodiscoides caviae, e endoparasitos identificados pela presença de ovos de nematódeos, ovos de cestódeos e oocistos de coccídeos na amostra de fezes. Este é o primeiro relato de parasitismo de Gyropus ovalis, Laelaps sp. e Chirodiscoides cavia em preás. Os animais testaram negativo na PCR para Mycoplasma sp., Babesia sp., Ehrlichia sp., e Bartonella sp. Pela primeira vez, foi determinado o perfil hematológico desses animais. Esses resultados podem servir de base para futuras pesquisas com a espécie, que pode ser utilizada para experimentação em ensaios clínicos como guia epidemiológico, uma vez que essa espécie é rotineiramente utilizada por populações empobrecidas da região Nordeste do Brasil como fonte proteica, além de seu uso como animais de estimação.

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In South America inhabit an endemic group of ungulates adapted to extreme environments: the South American camelids (SAC), a key component of the Andean biocultural heritage. Until today, SAC are the most important factor of Andean economies and social and ritual life. SAC include two wild species, the guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and the vicuña (Vicugna vicugna), and two domestic species, the llama (Lama glama) and the alpaca (Vicugna pacos). Endoparasitosis are one of the most common diseases in SAC, and have great economic and health relevance. Despite this, there is a lack of knowledge on this concern. The main objective of this work was to conduct the first systematic review of the diversity of gastrointestinal parasites of SAC throughout the entire native range of distribution and to identify several gaps in knowledge. The PRISMA protocol was performed and a total of 101 documents were summarized. At least 36 parasitic helminths and five Eimeria spp. were registered. This work highlights the need for a greater number of works to know with more certainty the parasitic fauna of camelids in the past and present, in order to achieve predictions that allow proper management of camelids for their future conservation. Furthermore, concerted research efforts are needed to understand the biology, epidemiology, diagnosis and distribution of the parasitosis of SAC along the entire distribution range to guide conservation decisions.

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This study sought to make a literature review of the medicinal plants Origanum majorana, Origanum vulgare L., Thymus vulgaris L., Cuminum cynimum L., and Rosmarinus officinalis L. with antiparasitic potential. Articles and theses were selected from the LILACS, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases, which comprised the period from 2000 to 2021 (22 years). In all, 49 studies were selected, and the majority were with the plant Origanum vulgare L. (oregano), followed by Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme). Twenty-five genera of parasites were detected, which were described being tested with phytotherapic. The nematode Haemonchus spp. was the most evaluated in these studies, followed by the parasite genera Leishmania, Trichostrongylus, and Toxocara. All plants showed antiparasitic effects, with more or less action, therefore with the potential to continue research in the search for biomolecules to control these parasites.

O presente trabalho faz uma revisão bibliográfica das plantas medicinais Origanum majorana, Origanum vulgare L., Thymus vulgaris L., Cuminum cynimum L. e Rosmarinus officinalis L. com potencial antiparasitário. Foram selecionados artigos e teses nos bancos de dados LILACS, PubMed e Google Acadêmico que compreendiam o período de publicação de 2000 a 2021 (22 anos). Ao todo, foram selecionados 49 estudos, sendo que na maioria constava a planta Origanum vulgare L. (orégano), seguido de Thymus vulgaris L. (tomilho). Foram detectados 25 gêneros de parasitos, os quais foram descritos sendo testados frente a algum fitoterápico. O nematoda Haemonchus spp. foi o mais avaliado nestes estudos, seguido dos gêneros dos parasitos Leishmania, Trichostrongylus e Toxocara. Todas as plantas apresentaram efeitos antiparasitários, com maior ou menos ação, portanto com potencial para dar continuidade aos estudos em buscas de biomoléculas para controle destes parasitos.

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Os marsupiais estão envolvidos no ciclo de vida de vários patógenos de interesse médico e veterinário. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a ocorrência de parasitos gastrointestinais em marsupiais capturados em fragmentos da Mata Atlântica, estado de Sergipe, nordeste do Brasil. De junho de 2017 a janeiro de 2018, marsupiais foram capturados usando-se armadilhas, e foram obtidas amostras fecais frescas após defecação espontânea. Os animais foram identificados morfometricamente e as fezes analisadas pela técnica FLOTAC. Foram capturados 88 animais, sendo 37 Marmosops incanus, 30 Marmosa demerarae, 20 Didelphis albiventris e 01 Marmosa murina. A espécie mais parasitada foi D. albiventris (45,95%) seguida de M. incanus (43,24%) e M. demerarae (23,3%). No geral, ovos de helmintos foram detectados em 47,72% (42/88) das amostras, enquanto oocistos de protozoários em 32,95% (29/88). Ovos de Ancylostoma sp. predominaram sobre outros parasitos. Este estudo aponta para a ocorrência de parasitos gastrointestinais e contribui para um melhor entendimento do parasitismo em marsupiais que vivem em fragmentos florestais da Mata Atlântica.

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Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) of zoonotic origin appear, affect a population and can spread rapidly. At the beginning of 2020, the World Health Organization pronounced an emergency public health advisory because of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus outbreak, and declared that COVID-19 had reached the level of a pandemic, rapidly spreading around the world. In order to identify one of the origins of EIDs, and propose some control alternatives, an extensive review was conducted of the available literature. The problem can originate in live animal markets, where animal species of all kinds, from different origins, ecosystems, and taxonomic groups are caged and crowded together, sharing the same unsanitary and unnatural space, food, water, and also the ecto- and endoparasitic vectors of disease. They defecate on each other, leading to the exchange of pathogenic and parasitic microorganisms, forcing interactions among species that should never happen. This is the ideal scenario for causing zoonoses and outbreaks of EIDs. We must start by stopping the illegal collection and sale of wild animals in markets. The destruction of ecosystems and forests also promote zoonoses and outbreaks of EIDs. Science and knowledge should be the basis of the decisions and policies for the development of management strategies. Wildlife belongs in its natural habitat, which must be defended, conserved, and restored at all costs.

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Abstract The composition of macro endoparasites associated with the lizard Norops fuscoauratus (Squamata) was analysed in two localities in the Atlantic Forest on the northeast of Brazil between December 2012 and July 2015. 74 specimens of N. fuscoauratus were examined and five species of helminths were reported, being: (a) for the population of Pernambuco: Cystacanth (Prevalence=37.5%), Physaloptera retusa Rudolphi, 1819 (Prevalence=4.16%), larva of flatworm (Prevalence=2.08%), Rhabdias sp. (Prevalence=2.08%) and Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923 (Prevalence=2.08%), and (b) of Alagoas: S. oscari (Prevalence=17.85%) and Rhabdias sp. (Prevalence=3.57%). The differences in the composition of endoparasites in the two populations are attributed to individualities of environments occupied by the lizards. The collection period does not influence the abundance of parasites, but when associated with sex, there was a positive correlation with the abundance of helminths, with more females than males being infected with parasites in the rainy season.

Resumo A composição de macro endoparasitas associada com o lagarto Norops fuscoauratus (Squamata) foi analisada em duas localidades da Mata Atlântica no nordeste do Brasil, entre dezembro de 2012 e julho de 2015. 74 espécimes foram examinados e cinco espécies de helmintos foram encontradas, sendo: (a) para a população de Pernambuco: Cistacanto (Prevalência=37.5%), Physaloptera retusa Rudolphi, 1819 (Prevalência=4.16%), larva de platelminto (Prevalência=2.08%), Rhabdias sp. (Prevalência =2.08%) e Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923 (Prevalência =2.08%) e (b) Alagoas: S. oscari (Prevalência=17.85%) e Rhabdias sp. (Prevalência =3.57%). As diferenças na composição dos endoparasitas nas duas populações pode ser atribuída as individualidades dos ambientes ocupados por esses lagartos. O período de coleta não influenciou na abundância de parasitas, mas quando associado com o sexo, houve uma correlação positiva com a abundância de helmintos, com mais fêmeas do que machos, infectadas na estação chuvosa.

RESUMO

The composition of macro endoparasites associated with the lizard Norops fuscoauratus (Squamata) was analysed in two localities in the Atlantic Forest on the northeast of Brazil between December 2012 and July 2015. 74 specimens of N. fuscoauratus were examined and five species of helminths were reported, being: (a) for the population of Pernambuco: Cystacanth (Prevalence=37.5%), Physaloptera retusa Rudolphi, 1819 (Prevalence=4.16%), larva of flatworm (Prevalence=2.08%), Rhabdias sp. (Prevalence=2.08%) and Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923 (Prevalence=2.08%), and (b) of Alagoas: S. oscari (Prevalence=17.85%) and Rhabdias sp. (Prevalence=3.57%). The differences in the composition of endoparasites in the two populations are attributed to individualities of environments occupied by the lizards. The collection period does not influence the abundance of parasites, but when associated with sex, there was a positive correlation with the abundance of helminths, with more females than males being infected with parasites in the rainy season.

A composição de macro endoparasitas associada com o lagarto Norops fuscoauratus (Squamata) foi analisada em duas localidades da Mata Atlântica no nordeste do Brasil, entre dezembro de 2012 e julho de 2015. 74 espécimes foram examinados e cinco espécies de helmintos foram encontradas, sendo: (a) para a população de Pernambuco: Cistacanto (Prevalência=37.5%), Physaloptera retusa Rudolphi, 1819 (Prevalência=4.16%), larva de platelminto (Prevalência=2.08%), Rhabdias sp. (Prevalência =2.08%) e Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923 (Prevalência =2.08%) e (b) Alagoas: S. oscari (Prevalência=17.85%) e Rhabdias sp. (Prevalência =3.57%). As diferenças na composição dos endoparasitas nas duas populações pode ser atribuída as individualidades dos ambientes ocupados por esses lagartos. O período de coleta não influenciou na abundância de parasitas, mas quando associado com o sexo, houve uma correlação positiva com a abundância de helmintos, com mais fêmeas do que machos, infectadas na estação chuvosa.

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RESUMO

Parasitic infections are important concern to the Wildlife Conservation Biology, particularly in endangered species. Herein, we report a parasitism by Dipetalonema gracile Rudolphi, 1809 (Spirurida, Filarioidea, Onchocercidae), in the peritoneal cavity of a captive Marcgrave's capuchin monkey (Sapajus flavius) that died at the Wild Animal Screening Center (CETAS) of the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) in the municipality of Cabedelo, state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. The necropsy revealed two filarial worms D. gracile in the abdominal cavity. Exudates, thin fibrin layers and fibrous adhesions were also present in the mesentery and spleen capsule. The mesenteric, mandibular, and tracheobronchial lymph nodes were enlarged. Multiple small nodules were seen in the spleen parenchyma. Microscopic examination of the lymph nodes and spleen revealed markedly and diffuse inflammatory reaction, with edema, plasma cells, eosinophils, histiocytes, lymphocytes and rare multinuclear giant cells, with obliteration of the normal histological architecture of the organ. This is the first report of D. gracile parasitism in Marcgrave's capuchin monkeys, a critically endangered species. Studies of this nature significantly contribute to the knowledge of the parasitic fauna of endangered species, in addition to helping to formulate conservation strategies (in situ and ex situ) and records of new hosts and new areas of occurrence of parasites.(AU)

Infecções parasitárias são uma questão importante para a Medicina e Biologia da Conservação. É descrito o parasitismo por Dipetalonema gracile Rudolphi, 1809 (Spirurida, Filarioidea, Onchocercidae) na cavidade peritoneal de um macaco-prego-galego (Sapajus flavius) que morreu no Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS) do Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), município de Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brasil. A necropsia revelou dois espécimes de parasitas na cavidade abdominal. Exsudatos, finas camadas de fibrina e aderências fibrosas também estavam presentes no mesentério e na cápsula do baço. Os linfonodos mesentéricos, mandibulares e traqueobrônquicos estavam aumentados. Vários pequenos nódulos foram vistos no parênquima do baço. O exame microscópico dos linfonodos e baço revelou reação inflamatória grave e difusa, com edema, células plasmáticas, eosinófilos, histiócitos, linfócitos e raras células gigantes multinucleares, com obliteração da arquitetura histológica normal do órgão. Este é o primeiro relato de parasitismo por esse nematódeo em macaco-prego-galego, uma espécie criticamente ameaçada da Mata Atlântica do Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba e Pernambuco. Estudos dessa natureza contribuem significativamente para o conhecimento sobre a fauna parasitária de espécies ameaçadas de extinção, além de auxiliar na formulação de estratégias de conservação (in situ e ex situ) e registros de novos hospedeiros e novas áreas de ocorrência de parasitas.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The composition of macro endoparasites associated with the lizard Norops fuscoauratus (Squamata) was analysed in two localities in the Atlantic Forest on the northeast of Brazil between December 2012 and July 2015. 74 specimens of N. fuscoauratus were examined and five species of helminths were reported, being: (a) for the population of Pernambuco: Cystacanth (Prevalence=37.5%), Physaloptera retusa Rudolphi, 1819 (Prevalence=4.16%), larva of flatworm (Prevalence=2.08%), Rhabdias sp. (Prevalence=2.08%) and Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923 (Prevalence=2.08%), and (b) of Alagoas: S. oscari (Prevalence=17.85%) and Rhabdias sp. (Prevalence=3.57%). The differences in the composition of endoparasites in the two populations are attributed to individualities of environments occupied by the lizards. The collection period does not influence the abundance of parasites, but when associated with sex, there was a positive correlation with the abundance of helminths, with more females than males being infected with parasites in the rainy season.(AU)

A composição de macro endoparasitas associada com o lagarto Norops fuscoauratus (Squamata) foi analisada em duas localidades da Mata Atlântica no nordeste do Brasil, entre dezembro de 2012 e julho de 2015. 74 espécimes foram examinados e cinco espécies de helmintos foram encontradas, sendo: (a) para a população de Pernambuco: Cistacanto (Prevalência=37.5%), Physaloptera retusa Rudolphi, 1819 (Prevalência=4.16%), larva de platelminto (Prevalência=2.08%), Rhabdias sp. (Prevalência =2.08%) e Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923 (Prevalência =2.08%) e (b) Alagoas: S. oscari (Prevalência=17.85%) e Rhabdias sp. (Prevalência =3.57%). As diferenças na composição dos endoparasitas nas duas populações pode ser atribuída as individualidades dos ambientes ocupados por esses lagartos. O período de coleta não influenciou na abundância de parasitas, mas quando associado com o sexo, houve uma correlação positiva com a abundância de helmintos, com mais fêmeas do que machos, infectadas na estação chuvosa.(AU)

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Abstract Austrodiplostomum spp. (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) are endoparasites with a broad geographic distribution in South America. During the larval stage, they parasitize the eyes, brains, muscles, gill, kidneys and swim bladder of a wide variety of fishes. The metacercariae of Austrodiplostomum spp. have several morphological characteristics during development, but are very similar among species, which makes it necessary to use molecular tools to contribute to the elucidation during the larval stage. The objective of this study was to perform morphological and molecular analyses of Austrodiplostomum sp. found in specimens of Hypostomus sourced from the Ivaí River in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Of the 93 analyzed specimens (H. hermanni [n = 50], H. albopunctatus [n = 9], Hypostomus sp. 1 [n = 24], and Hypostomus sp. 2 [n = 10]), 60 were parasitized. A total of 577 Austrodiplostomum sp. metacercariae was collected from the infected hosts; DNA from seven of these samples was extracted, amplified, and sequenced. The morphological data associated with the genetic distance values and the relationships observed in the COI gene tree, indicate that all metacercariae were A. compactum. This is the first record of A. compactum parasitizing H. hermanni, H. albopunctatus, Hypostomus sp. 1, and Hypostomus sp. 2 in the Ivaí River.

Resumo Austrodiplostomum spp. (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) são endoparasitos com uma ampla distribuição geográfica na América do Sul. Durante a fase larval, parasitam os olhos, cérebros, músculos, brânquias, rins e bexiga natatória de uma grande variedade de peixes. As metacercárias de Austrodiplostomum spp. apresentam várias características morfológicas durante o desenvolvimento, as quais são muito semelhantes entre as espécies, o que torna necessário o uso de ferramentas moleculares para contribuir para a elucidação durante a fase larval. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar análises morfológicas e moleculares de Austrodiplostomum sp. encontradas em espécimes de Hypostomus provenientes do rio Ivaí, no Paraná, Brasil. Dos 93 espécimes analisados (H. hermanni [n = 50], H. albopunctatus [n = 9], Hypostomus sp. 1 [n = 24], e Hypostomus sp. 2 [n = 10]), 60 foram parasitados. Um total de 577 metacercárias de Austrodiplostomum foram coletadas dos hospedeiros infectados; o DNA de sete dessas amostras foi extraído, amplificado e sequenciado. Os dados morfológicos, associados aos valores de distância genética e as relações observadas na árvore gênica do COI, indicam que todas as metacercárias são A. compactum. Este é o primeiro registo de A. compactum parasitando H. hermanni, H. albopunctatus, Hypostomus sp. 1, e Hypostomus sp. 2 no rio Ivaí.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The composition of macro endoparasites associated with the lizard Norops fuscoauratus (Squamata) was analysed in two localities in the Atlantic Forest on the northeast of Brazil between December 2012 and July 2015. 74 specimens of N. fuscoauratus were examined and five species of helminths were reported, being: (a) for the population of Pernambuco: Cystacanth (Prevalence=37.5%), Physaloptera retusa Rudolphi, 1819 (Prevalence=4.16%), larva of flatworm (Prevalence=2.08%), Rhabdias sp. (Prevalence=2.08%) and Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923 (Prevalence=2.08%), and (b) of Alagoas: S. oscari (Prevalence=17.85%) and Rhabdias sp. (Prevalence=3.57%). The differences in the composition of endoparasites in the two populations are attributed to individualities of environments occupied by the lizards. The collection period does not influence the abundance of parasites, but when associated with sex, there was a positive correlation with the abundance of helminths, with more females than males being infected with parasites in the rainy season.

A composição de macro endoparasitas associada com o lagarto Norops fuscoauratus (Squamata) foi analisada em duas localidades da Mata Atlântica no nordeste do Brasil, entre dezembro de 2012 e julho de 2015. 74 espécimes foram examinados e cinco espécies de helmintos foram encontradas, sendo: (a) para a população de Pernambuco: Cistacanto (Prevalência=37.5%), Physaloptera retusa Rudolphi, 1819 (Prevalência=4.16%), larva de platelminto (Prevalência=2.08%), Rhabdias sp. (Prevalência =2.08%) e Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923 (Prevalência =2.08%) e (b) Alagoas: S. oscari (Prevalência=17.85%) e Rhabdias sp. (Prevalência =3.57%). As diferenças na composição dos endoparasitas nas duas populações pode ser atribuída as individualidades dos ambientes ocupados por esses lagartos. O período de coleta não influenciou na abundância de parasitas, mas quando associado com o sexo, houve uma correlação positiva com a abundância de helmintos, com mais fêmeas do que machos, infectadas na estação chuvosa.

Assuntos