RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Egg allergy usually manifests during the initial 2 years of life, a period in which most vaccinations are administered. This often leads to delays in the application of some vaccines in patients with egg allergies, exposing them to a risk of contracting preventable infections. The aim of the study was to describe the frequency of reactions after applying the yellow fever vaccine (YFV) within a population with egg allergy. METHODS: This was a cohort study with retrospective, multicenter data (2014-2023). Patient records diagnosed with egg allergy were gathered from their initial egg-related reactions until their YFV administration. Information was also collected about hypersensitivity tests conducted for egg and YFV such as the skin prick test (SPT) and intradermal test (IDT). RESULTS: Among the 171 records analyzed, 23.9% of patients had a history of egg anaphylaxis. Out of these, 5 patients had a positive SPT and 21 IDT with the YFV. All patients tolerated the application of YFV without developing hypersensitivity reactions, regardless of the results of the YFV tests, the severity of egg reactions, the number of egg reactions, or the time since the last egg reaction. Out of the total patient cohort, 46.1% (79 individuals) encountered delays in receiving the YFV, and in this subset, 14% faced delays lasting longer than 12 months. CONCLUSION: The risk of allergic reactions with the YFV remains low. YFV tests generate delays in the vaccine application without providing high diagnostic accuracy. YFV should not be deferred even in patients with a history of severe egg reactions.

RESUMO

Several species of the worldwide distributed genus Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy (Insecta, Diptera, Calliphoridae) are medically important vectors and agents of myiasis. Furthermore, these flies are relevant in forensics because they are found in corpses. Information regarding the taxonomy, bionomics and distribution of Calliphora species endemic to South America, including Calliphora lopesi Mello, is scarce. To expand knowledge on C. lopesi, this study presents descriptions of eggs, larvae, puparia and developmental data at 14, 17, 20, 23 and 26 ± 1°C for the first time. Adult flies were collected from the field and kept in the laboratory to obtain samples for morphological and biological studies. Immatures were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. To assess the growth rate, 10 specimens from each temperature group were randomly removed from the diet and weighed every 24 h from larval hatching until pupation. The minimum developmental threshold, thermal constant and linear development-rate equations were calculated for each stage. Considering weight gain records and survival rates, the optimum temperature for the development of C. lopesi ranges from 23 to 26°C. A key to third-instar larvae of known Neotropical species of Calliphora was also provided to assist in identification. The information provided in this study should be useful in expanding knowledge about Neotropical Calliphoridae species of forensic importance.

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Várias espécies do gênero Calliphora Robineau­Desvoidy (Insecta, Diptera, Calliphoridae), distribuídas mundialmente, são vetores e agentes causadoras de miíases clinicamente importantes. Além disso, tais moscas são relevantes no âmbito forense porque são encontradas em cadáveres. Informações sobre a taxonomia, bionomia e distribuição de espécies de Calliphora endêmicas da América do Sul, incluindo Calliphora lopesi Mello, ainda são escassas. Para ampliar o conhecimento sobre a espécie C. lopesi, este estudo apresenta pela primeira vez as descrições de ovos, larvas e pupários, assim como dados sobre o desenvolvimento de imaturos a 14, 17, 20, 23 e 26 ± 1°C. Moscas adultas foram coletadas no campo e mantidas em laboratório para obtenção de amostras para estudos morfológicos e biológicos. Os imaturos foram examinados utilizando microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura. Para avaliar a taxa de crescimento, 10 espécimes de cada grupo de temperatura foram retirados aleatoriamente do substrato em que se alimentavam e pesados a cada 24 horas, desde a eclosão das larvas até a pupariação. O limiar mínimo de desenvolvimento, a constante térmica e as equações lineares da taxa de desenvolvimento foram calculados para cada estágio. Levando em consideração os registros de ganho de peso e taxas de sobrevivência, a temperatura ótima para o desenvolvimento de C. lopesi varia de 23 a 26°C. Uma chave para larvas de terceiro estádio de espécies neotropicais conhecidas de Calliphora também está sendo disponibilizada para auxiliar na identificação. Espera­se que as informações fornecidas neste estudo possam ser úteis para ampliar o conhecimento sobre espécies Neotropicais de Calliphoridae de importância forense.

RESUMO

There are few records for Telenomus dilophonotae Cameron, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) from South America. In Brazil, the first occurrence was reported in Bahia in rubber crops, Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell. - Arg., there parasitizing eggs of Erinnyis ello Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae). It was also found parasitizing the same host in cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae). This is the first record of occurrence of T. dilophonotae in the state of Paraná, parasitizing eggs of E. ello in areas of cassava production in the western region of Paraná, this being the southernmost record of the species. Here, photographs, the first sequence of DNA barcode of this species of parasitoid wasp, and a distribution map are provided.

Assuntos

Óvulo , Vespas , Animais , Brasil , Vespas/classificação , Óvulo/parasitologia , Lepidópteros/parasitologia , Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico , Feminino , Manihot/parasitologia , Himenópteros/classificação , Hevea/parasitologia

RESUMO

Body size is an important morphological characteristic that covaries with the quality of parasitoids and predators. Data show that the larger the organism is, the better the biological parameters and the host location by natural enemies in the field. The standard way of evaluating the size of parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is by measuring the tibia, but using only one body part to estimate the size of organisms can lead to miscalculations. In this paper, commercial Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, 1988 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were mounted on slides for microscopy and photographed, and the photographs were used to measure their antennae, scutellum, ovipositor, tibia, and wing. Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were performed to select the body part that best represents their size. PCA showed that all body parts represented size in a similar way, and LDA showed that the ovipositor was the most representative. We conclude that the best body parts for representing the size of the Trichogramma species studied are the wing and ovipositor, and at least two body parts are needed to detect two size groups.

Assuntos

Himenópteros , Animais , Himenópteros/classificação , Himenópteros/anatomia & histologia , Tamanho Corporal , Asas de Animais/anatomia & histologia

RESUMO

The relationship between protein stability and functional evolution is little explored in proteins purified from natural sources. Here, we investigated a novel family of egg proteins (Perivitellin-1, PV1) from Pomacea snails. Their remarkable stability and clade-related functions in most derived clades (Canaliculata and Bridgesii) make them excellent candidates for exploring this issue. To that aim, we studied PV1 (PpaPV1) from the most basal lineage, Flagellata. PpaPV1 displays unparalleled structural and kinetic stability, surpassing PV1s from derived clades, ranking among the most hyperstable proteins documented in nature. Its spectral features contribute to a pale egg coloration, exhibiting a milder glycan binding lectin activity with a narrower specificity than PV1s from the closely related Bridgesii clade. These findings provide evidence for substantial structural and functional changes throughout the genus' PV1 evolution. We observed that structural and kinetic stability decreased in a clade-related fashion and was associated with large variations in defensive traits. For instance, pale PpaPV1 lectin turns potent in the Bridgesii clade, adversely affecting gut morphology, while giving rise to brightly colored PV1s providing eggs with a conspicuous, probably warning signal in the Canaliculata clade. This work provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of PV1s from various apple snail species within a phylogenetic framework, offering insights into the interplay among their structural features, stability profiles and functional roles. More broadly, our work provides one of the first examples from natural evolution showing the crucial link among protein structure, stability and evolution of new functions.

Assuntos

Proteínas do Ovo , Filogenia , Caramujos , Animais , Caramujos/genética , Caramujos/fisiologia , Caramujos/química , Proteínas do Ovo/genética , Proteínas do Ovo/química , Proteínas do Ovo/metabolismo , Estabilidade Proteica , Óvulo/química , Óvulo/metabolismo

RESUMO

Fasciolosis, a globally re-emerging zoonotic disease, is mostly caused by the parasitic infection with Fasciola hepatica, often known as the liver fluke. This disease has a considerable impact on livestock productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the fluke burdens and faecal egg counts in goats that were administered phage clones of cathepsin L mimotopes and then infected with F. hepatica metacercariae. Additionally, the impact of vaccination on the histology of the reproductive system, specifically related to egg generation in adult parasites, was examined. A total of twenty-four goats, which were raised in sheds, were divided into four groups consisting of six animals each. These groups were randomly assigned. The goats were then subjected to two rounds of vaccination. Each vaccination involved the administration of 1 × 1013 phage particles containing specific mimotopes for cathepsin L2 (group 1: PPIRNGK), cathepsin L1 (group 2: DPWWLKQ), and cathepsin L1 (group 3: SGTFLFS). The immunisations were carried out on weeks 0 and 4, and the Quil A adjuvant was used in combination with the mimotopes. The control group was administered phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (group 4). At week 6, all groups were orally infected with 200 metacercariae of F. hepatica. At week 22 following the initial immunisation, the subjects were euthanised, and adult F. hepatica specimens were retrieved from the bile ducts and liver tissue, and subsequently quantified. The specimens underwent whole-mount histology for the examination of the reproductive system, including the testis, ovary, vitellaria, Mehlis' gland, and uterus. The mean fluke burdens following the challenge were seen to decrease by 50.4%, 62.2%, and 75.3% (p < 0.05) in goats that received vaccinations containing cathepsin L2 PPIRNGK, cathepsin L1 DPWWLKQ, and cathepsin L1 SGTFLFS, respectively. Animals that received vaccination exhibited a significant reduction in the production of parasite eggs. The levels of IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes in vaccinated goats were significantly higher than in the control group, indicating that protection is associated with the induction of a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. The administration of cathepsin L to goats exhibits a modest level of efficacy in inducing histological impairment in the reproductive organs of liver flukes, resulting in a reduction in egg output.

Assuntos

Catepsina L , Fasciola hepatica , Fasciolíase , Cabras , Vacinação , Animais , Fasciola hepatica/imunologia , Catepsina L/metabolismo , Fasciolíase/veterinária , Fasciolíase/prevenção & controle , Fasciolíase/imunologia , Fasciolíase/parasitologia , Vacinação/métodos , Feminino , Masculino , Doenças das Cabras/parasitologia , Doenças das Cabras/prevenção & controle , Doenças das Cabras/imunologia , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Bacteriófagos/imunologia

RESUMO

Externally laid eggs are often responsive to environmental cues; however, it is unclear how such plasticity evolves. In Trinidad, the killifish (Anablepsoides hartii) is found in communities with and without predators. Here, killifish inhabit shallower, ephemeral habitats in sites with predators. Such shifts may increase the exposure of eggs to air and lead to possible desiccation. We compared egg-hatching plasticity between communities by rearing eggs terrestrially on peat moss or in water. The timing of hatching did not differ between communities when eggs were reared in water. Eggs from sites with predators responded to terrestrial incubation by hatching significantly earlier compared with water-reared eggs. These responses were weaker in sites with no predators. Such divergent trends show that the presence of predators is associated with evolutionary shifts in hatching plasticity. Our results provide evidence for local adaptation in embryonic plasticity at the population scale.

Assuntos

Evolução Biológica , Fundulidae , Animais , Fundulidae/fisiologia , Fundulidae/embriologia , Trinidad e Tobago , Ecossistema , Óvulo/fisiologia , Adaptação Fisiológica , Comportamento Predatório , Peixes Listrados

RESUMO

The history of the taxonomy of Trichogramma parasitoid wasps can be divided into two phases. In the first phase, species identifications were based on external morphological characters; however, these identifications proved to be confusing and inaccurate. In the second phase, starting in the 1970s, taxa were identified based on charcteristics of the male genital capsule , leading to a major advance in Trichogramma taxonomy. The history of Trichogramma taxonomy in Brazil is recent and mainly related to species that parasitize agricultural pests. In Brazil, the first phase of Trichogramma taxonomy occurred in the 1960s, while the second phase occurred from the 1980s onward. In this second phase, Trichogramma taxonomy progressed significantly and knowledge of Trichogramma diversity as well as associations with lepidopteran pests improved markedly in Brazil as well as worldwide. The last five decades have seen significant progress in studies in Brazil, with taxonomy evolving from identifications based exclusively on morphological characters to integrative taxonomy, encompassing biology (crosses) and morphometry. This historical outline presents the phases of Trichogramma taxonomy in Brazil, addressing the hurdles encountered in the first descriptions, erroneous records of the species, and species descriptions since the 1980s. We highlight the importance of accurately identifying Trichogramma taxa for their use in biological control, as well as species diversity and associations with lepidopteran hosts.

Assuntos

Vespas , Brasil , Animais , Vespas/classificação , Vespas/anatomia & histologia , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Masculino , Biodiversidade

RESUMO

Understanding gastrointestinal parasite distribution is crucial for effective control programs in horses. This study reports the prevalence of helminth infections in horses and selected risk factors (i.e., breed, age, climate, season) by analyzing 19,276 fecal samples from the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, in Curitiba, Southern Brazil. The analyses were carried out from 2008 to 2019, coming from 153 stud farms located in 60 municipalities of nine Brazilian states. The parasite prevalence was 73.3%, with 72.1% present in the adult population and 80.6% in young horses. Strongyles were present in 100% horse farms. Strongyles had a prevalence of 72.1% with a mean FEC of 453.53 (+/- 717.6). Parascaris spp. had a prevalence of 5.8% and a FEC of 17.11 (+/- 149.2). The tropical wet/monsoon climate (Am) showed the lowest FEC for strongyles and Parascaris spp. when compared to the other climates. In the logistic regression analysis, young horses exhibited 4.6 times higher odds ratio (OR) (3.9-5.5) of Parascaris spp. and 1.2 (1.1-1.4) times higher OR of strongyles egg shedding when compared to adults (P < 0.001). Summer presented a higher risk for Parascaris spp. and Strongyles eggs when compared to the other seasons (P < 0.001). Mangalarga Marchador, Criollo, and Crossbred breeds were identified with higher OR of Parascaris spp. egg shedding than Thoroughbred. The extensive prevalence of strongyles across ages, seasons, breeds, and climates alerts for the risk of clinical manifestations in equines raised on pastures designing optimal health management and parasite control strategies worldwide.

Assuntos

Gastroenteropatias , Helmintíase Animal , Doenças dos Cavalos , Fatores Etários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Clima , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/parasitologia , Coinfecção/veterinária , Fezes/parasitologia , Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico , Gastroenteropatias/epidemiologia , Gastroenteropatias/parasitologia , Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Helmintíase Animal/diagnóstico , Helmintíase Animal/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/parasitologia , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterinária , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Estações do Ano , Animais

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to assess the addition of 2% sodium caseinate in a commercial egg yolk-based medium in frozen ovine semen. Eight Dorper males were used for the study. The ejaculate was divided into two portions and frozen without (G1) or with the addition of 2% sodium caseinate (G2). Kinetic parameters were evaluated using CASA (computer-assisted sperm analysis), and membrane and acrosome integrity as well as oxidative stress were assessed using flow cytometry. After thawing, a thermoresistance test was conducted at time points T0 and T90. For the fertility test, 100 ewes were inseminated with semen from two rams selected based on in vitro parameters, one with good post-thaw quality (+70% total motility) and the other with low post-thaw quality (-55% total motility). For the fertility test, the females were divided into 4 groups for insemination: low-quality ram without caseinate (GBS = 25) and with caseinate (GBC = 25), and high-quality ram without caseinate (GAS = 25) and with caseinate (GAC = 25). Regarding the results of sperm kinetics, there was a statistically significant difference in the parameters of average path velocity (VAP) and curvilinear velocity (VCL) between the group frozen with BotuBov and the group with added caseinate. At time point T90, straight-line velocity maintained a trend (p < .06), with BotuBov® (BB group) being superior to caseinate this time, and in the linearity parameter, caseinate was superior to BotuBov®. Flow cytometry analysis showed no difference between any of the evaluated tests. In the fertility test, there was no statistically significant difference in the pregnancy rate between the BotuBOV® group (23%, 11/48) and the sodium caseinate group (BC group) (33%, 17/52), and no differences were observed in the male versus diluent interaction (p = .70). In conclusion, sodium caseinate supplementation did not influence sperm kinetic parameters and the fertility of sheep.

Assuntos

Caseínas , Criopreservação , Inseminação Artificial , Análise do Sêmen , Preservação do Sêmen , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Animais , Preservação do Sêmen/veterinária , Preservação do Sêmen/métodos , Masculino , Feminino , Criopreservação/veterinária , Criopreservação/métodos , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Caseínas/farmacologia , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Gravidez , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Crioprotetores/farmacologia , Sêmen/efeitos dos fármacos , Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovinos , Carneiro Doméstico

RESUMO

Ca and P homeostasis across the egg-laying cycle is a complex process involving absorption in the small intestine, reabsorption/excretion in the kidneys, and eggshell gland secretion. Diets with inadequate calcium and phosphorus can interfere with their absorption and digestibility, resulting in eggshell quality losses and reduced productive life, affecting egg production and welfare. A better understanding of gene expression profiles in the kidneys of laying hens during the late egg-laying period could clarify the renal role in mineral metabolism at this late stage. Therefore, the performance, egg quality and bone integrity-related traits, and expression profiles of kidney candidate genes were evaluated in 73-week-old laying hens receiving different Ca and P ratios in their diet: a high Ca/P ratio (HR, 22.43), a low ratio (LR, 6.71), and a medium ratio (MR, 11.43). The laying hens receiving the HR diet had improved egg production and eggshell quality traits compared to the other two groups. Humerus length was shorter in the HR than in the other groups. The CYP24A1 and TRPC3 genes were differentially expressed (p.adj ≤ 0.05) among the groups. Therefore, their expression profiles could be involved in calcium and phosphate transcellular transport in 73-week-old laying hens as a way to keep mineral absorption at adequate levels.

RESUMO

The Caenorhabditis elegans egg hatching methodology is a valuable tool for assessing the anthelmintic activity of drugs and compounds and evaluating anthelmintic drug efficacy. Isolated eggs from gravid adults are exposed to different concentrations of selected drugs and the percentage of egg hatching is determined with respect to the control condition. The assay allows the construction of concentration-response curves and determination of EC50 or EC90 values for egg hatching inhibition. Also, it allows measurements of inhibition as a function of time of exposure. This approach addresses the urgent need for new anthelmintics, as resistance to current treatments poses a significant challenge in parasitic nematode infection. This resistance not only affects humans but also animals and plants, causing significant economic losses in livestock farming and agriculture. By using the free-living nematode C. elegans as a parasitic model organism, researchers can efficiently screen for potential treatments and assess drug combinations for synergistic effects. Importantly, this assay offers a cost-effective and accessible alternative to traditional methods, eliminating the need for specialized infrastructure, hosts, and trained animal maintenance personnel. Additionally, the methodology closely mimics natural conditions, providing insights into egg development and potential therapeutic targets. This method allows for evaluating the direct negative impact of drugs on egg hatching, which correlates with long-term anthelmintic effects, offering advantages in preventing or reducing the transmission and spread of worm infections by eggs. Overall, this approach represents a significant advancement for anthelmintic discovery, offering both practical applications and avenues for further scientific research. •The C. elegans egg hatching assay is a robust and effective method for assessing the anthelmintic potential of various drugs and compounds, allowing the generation of concentration-response curves.•By leveraging the free-living nematode C. elegans as a parasitic model organism, this method facilitates efficient screening of potential treatments and evaluation of drug combinations.•The method addresses the urgent need for new anthelmintics, offering a cost-effective and accessible alternative to traditional approaches.

RESUMO

Among all living beings, mosquitoes account for the highest number of human fatalities. Our study aimed to determine mosquito egg abundance fluctuation from 2015 to 2020, in order to observe which years had the highest mosquito vector densities and whether they coincided with yellow fever virus outbreaks in both human and nonhuman primates. The study area included Atlantic Forest fragments in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Studies from the Diptera Laboratory at FIOCRUZ were selected and compared along a timeline period of the field collections. The highest peak in egg abundance from the analyzed studies was observed from 2016 to 2017 and from 2015 to 2016. The lowest egg abundance was during the collection periods from 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020. The species with the highest abundance throughout all the periods of the studies analyzed was Haemagogus leucocelaenus, representing 87% of all epidemiological species identified. The species with the lowest abundance was Hg. Janthinomys, representing only 1%. Monitoring the population of mosquitoes is imperative for disease surveillance, as the rise in specimens of various vector species directly impacts the occurrence of yellow fever cases in both nonhuman primates and human populations.

Assuntos

Culicidae , Surtos de Doenças , Florestas , Mosquitos Vetores , Febre Amarela , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Febre Amarela/epidemiologia , Febre Amarela/transmissão , Mosquitos Vetores/fisiologia , Culicidae/fisiologia , Humanos , Densidade Demográfica , Dinâmica Populacional , Vírus da Febre Amarela

RESUMO

Dengue is a significant disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. The disease is caused by four virus (DENV) serotypes and is transmitted to humans by female Aedes aegypti mosquito bites infected with the virus and vertically to their progeny. Current strategies to control dengue transmission focus on the vector. In this study, we describe an indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), using a monoclonal antibody against the non-structural dengue virus protein 1 (NS1), to detect DENV2 in Ae. aegypti eggs. The assay detects NS1 in eggs homogenates with 87.5% sensitivity and 75.0% specificity and it is proposed as a tool for the routine entomovirological surveillance of DENV 2 in field mosquito populations.

RESUMO

Wasps are important parasitoids of stinkbugs and frequently exposed to various types of microorganisms through environmental contact and fecal-oral transmission route. Many parasitize stinkbug eggs and are commercially used in the field to control insect population. The parasitoid T. podisi is known for its high parasitism capacity and ability to target multiple species of stinkbugs. In this study we asked whether T. podisi exposed to eggs infected by a multispecies asymptomatic stinkbug virus, the Halyomorpha halys virus (HhV) would get infected. HhV is a geographically distributed multispecies iflavirus previously found to infect four stinkbug hosts, including three Brazilian species, Chinavia ubica, Euschistus heros and Diceraeus melacanthus, and T. posidi can parasitize all of them. As results, RT-PCR screening revealed positive samples for the HhV genome in two out of four tested pools of T. podisi, whereas the antigenome, indicative of replicative activity, was not detected. The wasps were raised in E. heros eggs that presented both the genome and the antigenome forms of the HhV genome. Subsequent RNA-deep sequencing of HhV positive T. podisi RNA pools yielded a complete genome of HhV with high coverage. Phylogenetic analysis positioned the isolate HhV-Tp (isolate Telenomus podisi) alongside with the stinkbug HhV. Analysis of transcriptomes from several hymenopteran species revealed HhV-Tp reads in four species. However, the transmission mechanism and the ecological significance of HhV remain elusive, warranting further studies to illuminate both the transmission process and its capacity for environmental propagation using T. podisi as a potential vector.

Assuntos

Vespas , Animais , Vespas/virologia , Filogenia , Brasil , Heterópteros/virologia , Heterópteros/parasitologia , Óvulo/virologia , Himenópteros/virologia , Genoma Viral

RESUMO

En Guatemala, los huevos de tortuga parlama son aprovechados para su comercialización. El esquema de conservación se basa en un sistema de cuotas, en la que se establece que el 20% de los huevos recolectados deberán ser entregados a un tortugario registrado. Se estima que alrededor de 673,304 huevos son puestos por año en la Costa Pacífica con un valor en playa aproximado de Q1,124,869.00. En Guatemala, el aprovechamiento de huevos de tortuga funciona como un amortiguador clave en las economías de las comunidades. En los últimos años, la compra de huevos por parte de los tortugarios ha aumentado. Estos criaderos, además de recibir la cuota de conservación, compran el resto de la carga de huevos del nido. Como resultado, el número de nidos plantados en los tortugarios también ha aumentado. Sin embargo, esto también ha provocado que haya un mercado mas grande para los huevos de tortuga. La venta de huevos se ha convertido en una fuente de ingresos muy exitosa con menos riesgo y costos que la pesca. Esto ha llevado a algunos pescadores artesanales a cambiar a la recolección de huevos como su actividad principal. Es necesario evaluar los esquemas de conservación actuales y la efectividad de los incentivos de manera integral, tomando en cuenta impactos ambientales, rentabilidad y efectos sociales. El presente análisis aporta información útil para identificar la calidad de los incentivos, para poder reformar o eliminar los incentivos ineficientes o perversos, de manera que los escasos recursos de conservación se puedan invertir de la manera más efectiva

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In Guatemala, olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) eggs are harvested. The conservation scheme is based Modelo de publicación sin fines de lucro para conservar la naturaleza académica y abierta de la comunicación científica on a quota system, which requires that 20% of the collected eggs be delivered to a registered turtle nursery. It is estimated that approximately 673,304 eggs are laid annually on the Pacific coast, with an approximate beach value of Q1,124,869.00. In Guatemala, the harvesting of turtle eggs serves as a key buffer in the economies of coastal communities. In recent years, the purchase of eggs by turtle nurseries has increased. These nurseries, in addition to receiving the conservation fee, buy the rest of the load of eggs from the nest. As a result, the number of planted nests in nurseries has also increased. However, this has also led to a larger market for turtle eggs. The sale of eggs. The sale of eggs has become a highly successful source of income, with fewer risks and costs than fishing. This has led some artisanal fishermen to switch to egg collection as their main activity. This analysis provides useful infromation for identifying the quality of incentives, in order to reform or elinate inefficient or perverse incentives, so that scarce conservation resource will allow for the identification of the quality of the incentives, aiming to reform or eliminate inefficient or perverse incentives so that scarce conservation resources can be invested in the most effective way

RESUMO

Diet is one of the factors that prevents the development and death from cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It has been proposed that diets high in protein, which increase satiety, and with a high content of antioxidants, help reduce cardiovascular risk factors. The egg is one of the foods that produces greater satiety and provides antioxidants. In addition, due to its lipophilic matrix, it could improve the bioavailability of other dietary antioxidants such as Annatto. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effects of egg and annatto-enriched egg consumption on satiety markers and CVD risk factors in healthy adults from Colombia. METHODS: A parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted, where one hundred and five (n = 105) men and women, divided into three groups, consumed daily for 8 weeks: (a) two eggs (egg group), or (b) two eggs with annatto (egg + annatto group), or (c) two egg whites (placebo group). RESULTS: The three groups were similar in gender distribution. No significant changes were found over time (before vs. after) in any of the groups nor between the groups in anthropometric variables, physical activity, eating profile, and ghrelin as an objective marker of satiety. In the egg + annatto group, subjective satiety increased (effect size 0.431; p < 0.05) after consumption. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy adults, the intake of two eggs, or two eggs with annatto daily for 8 weeks, did not result in significant changes in ghrelin; but eggs with annatto tend to increase the perception of satiety.

RESUMO

Pathogens, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), have been identified as significant causes of poultry mortality. Poultry can serve as potential sources of E. coli transmission, even when asymptomatic, posing a substantial threat to food safety and human health. The in ovo administration of antimicrobials is crucial for preventing and/or effectively combating acute and chronic infections caused by poultry pathogens. To achieve this goal, it is critical that antimicrobials are properly injected into embryonic fluids, such as the amnion, to reach target tissues and trigger robust antimicrobial responses. Several protocols based on antimicrobials were evaluated to meet these requirements. This review analyzed the impacts of antimicrobial substances injected in ovo on the control of E. coli in poultry. The reduction in infection rates, resulting from the implementation of in ovo antimicrobials, combined with efforts aimed at hygienic-sanitary action plans in poultry sheds, reinforces confidence that E. coli can be contained before causing large scale damage. For example, antimicrobial peptides and probiotics have shown potential to provide protection to poultry against infections caused by E. coli. Issues related to the toxicity and bacterial resistance of many synthetic chemical compounds represent challenges that need to be overcome before the commercial application of in ovo injection protocols focused on microbiological control.

RESUMO

Brazil stands as one of the world's leading producers of animal protein, ranking sixth in global egg production. However, estimated growth in production demand, along with environmental impacts, represents a potential threat to the sustainability of the food system. Methods for assessing and quantifying the environmental impacts generated by Brazilian egg production remain scarce, lacking current reports on comparative effects or guiding standards. The objective of this study was to conduct a life cycle assessment from cradle to farm gate, adhering to ISO 14040 and 14044 standards, for the battery cage egg production systems and associated products in Brazil, with the aim of supporting and promoting sustainability improvements in the Brazilian egg industry. The entire life cycle modeling and process sustainability analysis were executed using the openLCA software, integrated with the Ecoinvent database. Emissions related to egg production yielded results of 65.06 kg SO2 eq., 27.74 kg N eq., 3086.71 kg CO2 eq., 75,152.66 CTUe, 2.75 × 10-5 CFC-11 eq., and 10,044.68 kg MJ eq. per ton of eggs produced. These findings can serve as comparative benchmarks for future studies and for analyzing data across different egg production systems in Brazil.