RESUMO
In the present study, seventy-two 30-week-old laying hens (Brown Hisex) were separated into two groups (control and treatment) and fed with a standard layer diet. In the treatment group the amount of effective microorganism (EM) added to the drinking water is equal to1000 ppm EM dose. Throughout the 8-week study period, 16 h thermoneutral (20-22 ºC) and 8 h hot (35-37 ºC) environmental temperature regime was applied daily. The results indicated that EM supplementation affected performance and some egg quality characteristics of layers exposed high environmental temperature. Feed intake and conversion ratio, yolk index, albumen index, yolk colour b, Haugh unit were decreased by supplemental EM. Serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, total oxidant- antioxidant concentration were not affected by EM. It is concluded that EM supplementation in laying hens could have potential to improve feed intake and feed conversion ratio under high environmental temperature. However, supplemental EM with drinking water decreased some egg quality parameters.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Galinhas/sangue , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Água Potável/microbiologiaRESUMO
In the present study, seventy-two 30-week-old laying hens (Brown Hisex) were separated into two groups (control and treatment) and fed with a standard layer diet. In the treatment group the amount of effective microorganism (EM) added to the drinking water is equal to1000 ppm EM dose. Throughout the 8-week study period, 16 h thermoneutral (20-22 ºC) and 8 h hot (35-37 ºC) environmental temperature regime was applied daily. The results indicated that EM supplementation affected performance and some egg quality characteristics of layers exposed high environmental temperature. Feed intake and conversion ratio, yolk index, albumen index, yolk colour b, Haugh unit were decreased by supplemental EM. Serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, total oxidant- antioxidant concentration were not affected by EM. It is concluded that EM supplementation in laying hens could have potential to improve feed intake and feed conversion ratio under high environmental temperature. However, supplemental EM with drinking water decreased some egg quality parameters.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/sangue , Água Potável/microbiologiaRESUMO
This work assessed the bioremediation of herbicide Velpar K®, in vitro in aqueous solution, used against weeds in sugar cane in São Paulo state. The herbicide contained Hexazinone and Diuron. It was used the microbial inoculant denominated Effective Microorganisms (EM-4), pool of microorganisms from soil that contained lactic and photosynthetic bacteria, fungi, yeasts and actinomycetes for bioremediation. Results for the depth of cultivation on agar-agar inoculated with EM-4 showed the microorganisms growth in the concentrations between 0.2% and 1.0% of the Velpar K®in the gel. The analysis of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that the EM-4 was effective for the bioremediation of the herbicide, which reached the values of 80% for diuron and 70% for hexazinone after 21 days in solution of 2:1 of Velpar K®/EM-4 ratio. These results could be useful for planning the bioremediation of contaminated areas with Velpar K®.
RESUMO
The development of the collard greens crop was studied in the seedling phase and after planting in vessels, which received different treatments of fertilization which included mineral fertilizer (as standard), Bokashi compost (Bo) and EM4, earthworms humus (Hu), and piroligneous acid (AP), combined in ten treatments for each crop phase. The standard treatment included commercial substrate for seedlings (SC) and after planting with the formula 08-28-16. The length of the leaf was assessed 25 days after emergency. The leaf length and width was assessed 85 days after planting. The fresh and dry weight of leaf and petiole were assessed 144 days after seedling. Inferior development was observed in plants with humus. In general, in the treatments which included Bokashi, the results were similar or close to the standard treatment.
Foi estudado o desenvolvimento da cultura da couve-de-folha na fase de muda e após o transplantio em vasos, submetida a diferentes tratamentos de adubação, os quais incluíam fertilizante mineral (como padrão), composto Bokashi (Bo) e EM-4, húmus de minhoca (Hu) e ácido pirolenhoso (AP), combinados em dez tratamentos para cada fase. O tratamento padrão incluiu substrato comercial para mudas (SC) e adubação após o transplantio com a fórmula 08-28-16. O comprimento do limbo foliar foi avaliado 25 dias após a emergência. O comprimento e largura do limbo foliar foram avaliados 85 dias após o transplantio. O peso fresco e seco do limbo e pecíolo foi avaliado aos 144 dias após a semeadura. Desenvolvimento inferior foi observado em plantas com Hu. De maneira geral, nos tratamentos com Bo e EM-4, os resultados foram similares ou apresentaram desenvolvimento próximo ao tratamento padrão.
RESUMO
The development of the collard greens crop was studied in the seedling phase and after planting in vessels, which received different treatments of fertilization which included mineral fertilizer (as standard), Bokashi compost (Bo) and EM4, earthworms humus (Hu), and piroligneous acid (AP), combined in ten treatments for each crop phase. The standard treatment included commercial substrate for seedlings (SC) and after planting with the formula 08-28-16. The length of the leaf was assessed 25 days after emergency. The leaf length and width was assessed 85 days after planting. The fresh and dry weight of leaf and petiole were assessed 144 days after seedling. Inferior development was observed in plants with humus. In general, in the treatments which included Bokashi, the results were similar or close to the standard treatment.
Foi estudado o desenvolvimento da cultura da couve-de-folha na fase de muda e após o transplantio em vasos, submetida a diferentes tratamentos de adubação, os quais incluíam fertilizante mineral (como padrão), composto Bokashi (Bo) e EM-4, húmus de minhoca (Hu) e ácido pirolenhoso (AP), combinados em dez tratamentos para cada fase. O tratamento padrão incluiu substrato comercial para mudas (SC) e adubação após o transplantio com a fórmula 08-28-16. O comprimento do limbo foliar foi avaliado 25 dias após a emergência. O comprimento e largura do limbo foliar foram avaliados 85 dias após o transplantio. O peso fresco e seco do limbo e pecíolo foi avaliado aos 144 dias após a semeadura. Desenvolvimento inferior foi observado em plantas com Hu. De maneira geral, nos tratamentos com Bo e EM-4, os resultados foram similares ou apresentaram desenvolvimento próximo ao tratamento padrão.