RESUMO

El doble arco aórtico persistente es una patología caracterizada por anomalías embrionarias en la vascularización, que pueden afectar de manera indirecta a otros sistemas, como el digestivo y el respiratorio. El objetivo de este documento es reportar un caso de doble arco aórtico, persistente en un cachorro Bull terrier, de seis meses de edad. El paciente ingresó a consulta por motivo de regurgitaciones frecuentes y pérdida ponderal. En el estudio radiográfico, se evidenció dilatación esofágica craneal a la base del corazón y en la toracotomía, se confirmó un doble arco aórtico persistente. Se realizó manejo nutricional y posteriormente, corrección quirúrgica de la anomalía vascular. Este es el primer caso de una anomalía de este tipo en Colombia. Se concluye, que un manejo quirúrgico enfocado a liberar el anillo estenosante y a recuperar la función esofágica, son la base terapéutica de este tipo de alteraciones.

Persistent double aortic arch is a pathology characterized by embryonic vascularization anomalies, which can indirectly affect other systems such as the digestive and respiratory systems. The objective of this document is to report a case of persistent double aortic arch in a six-month-old Bull Terrier puppy. The patient was admitted for consultation due to frequent regurgitation and weight loss. The radiographic study revealed cranial esophageal dilation at the base of the heart, and a thoracotomy confirmed a persistent double aortic arch. Nutritional management was performed and subsequently, surgical correction of the vascular anomaly. This is the first case of an anomaly of this type in Colombia. It is concluded that surgical management focused on releasing the stenosing ring and recovering esophageal function are the therapeutic basis for this type of alteration.

RESUMO

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by thermodimorphic fungi of the genus Sporothrix. The phenotypic and genotypic differences of the isolates within the genus Sporothrix have been associated with their geographic distribution, virulence capacity, or clinical manifestation of sporotrichosis. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the causative agent of sporotrichosis. However, there are few case reports and studies in animals compared to those in humans, despite the substantial increase in the number of cases of sporotrichosis by zoonotic transmission, especially in endemic areas. Considering the epidemiological importance, taxonomic evolution and worldwide distribution of these fungi in the last decade, there is interest in identifying the species of the genus Sporothrix in different regions of the world. This study aimed to analyze the geographic distribution of animal sporotrichosis in the world, caused by pathogenic species identified by use of molecular tools. This systematic review of articles from 2007 to 2021 analyzed the geographic distribution of species that cause sporotrichosis in cats, dogs and other animals. It demonstrated that the most identified species were S. brasiliensis, isolated from cats in Brazil and S. schenckii isolated from cats in Malaysia. We show the lack of studies in global areas and reinforce the need to use molecular tools to identify and monitor potential pathogens.

RESUMO

Intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) is the most common cause of spinal cord compression in dogs, whose prognosis is variable and depends on several factors, with deep pain perception (DPP) being the main parameter used. Investigations of new prognostic factors are studied to assist in the estimation of functional recovery. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate whether spinal hyperesthesia (SH) at the compression site can be used as a prognostic factor for the functional recovery of dogs with acute IVDE (Hansen type I), without DPP being subjected to thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy. Decompression surgery was performed on the same day or the day after admission. The duration of the loss of DPP until surgery performance ranged from 1 to 60 days, with a median of 4.5 days for the group of dogs with SH and 5.5 days for those without SH. Among the 68 dogs included in this retrospective study, 73.5% (50/68) showed SH, and 26.5% (18/68) were not identified. Recovery was satisfactory in 60% (30/50) of dogs with SH and in 27.7% (5/18) of dogs without SH, demonstrating that paraplegic dogs without DPP but with SH were 3.9 times more likely to recover when compared to dogs in the same condition, but with no SH. No studies have evaluated SH by palpation of the spine as a prognostic factor, which reinforces the relevance of the present study. The results of this study imply that SH in paraplegic dogs affected by thoracolumbar IVDE, without the presence of DPP, can be used as a possible prognostic indicator of functional recovery.

A extrusão do disco intervertebral (EDIV) é a causa mais comum de lesão compressiva na medula espinhal de cães, cujo prognóstico é variável e depende de diversos fatores, sendo a percepção de dor profunda (PDP) o principal parâmetro utilizado. Pesquisas de novos fatores prognósticos são estudados com intuito de auxiliar na estimativa mais precisa de recuperação funcional. Com isso, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar se a hiperestesia espinhal (HE) no local da compressão, pode ser utilizada como um fator prognóstico para recuperação funcional de cães com extrusão aguda do disco intervertebral (Hansen tipo I), sem a presença de PDP submetidos a hemilaminectomia toracolombar. A cirurgia descompressiva ocorreu no mesmo dia ou no dia seguinte ao atendimento. A duração da perda de dor profunda até a realização da cirurgia variou de 1 a 60 dias, com uma mediana de 4,5 dias para o grupo de cães com e 5,5 dias para aqueles sem hiperestesia espinhal. Dos 68 cães incluídos nesse estudo retrospectivo, 73,5% (50/68) apresentavam HE e, em 26,5% (18/68) a dor não foi identificada. A recuperação foi satisfatória nos cães com HE em 60% (30/50) e, sem HE, em 27,7% (5/18) dos casos, demonstrando que os cães paraplégicos sem PDP, mas com presença de hiperestesia espinhal tem 3,9 vezes mais chances de recuperação quando comparado com cães na mesma condição, mas sem HE. Não foram encontrados trabalhos que avaliaram a HE mediante a palpação da coluna vertebral como um fator prognóstico, o que reforça a relevância do presente estudo. Os resultados do presente trabalho sugerem que a HE em cães paraplégicos acometidos por EDIV toracolombar sem presença de PDP pode ser utilizada como um possível indicador prognóstico de recuperação funcional.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Prostatic carcinomas in are aggressive neoplasms and bone metastases may occur; however, hypertrophic osteopathy associated with that condition is poorly documented. A ten-year-old, neutered male, mixed breed dog had a history of lameness and volume increase in the left pelvic limb. On radiographic examination, a lytic bone mass was observed in the left metatarsus, as well as a diffuse proliferative periosteal reaction in several bones of the appendicular skeleton, in addition to radiopaque nodular structures in all lung lobes. A presumptive diagnosis of primary bone neoplasia with pulmonary metastases and hypertrophic osteopathy was established and chemotherapy treatment was started. However, there was no satisfactory clinical response, and euthanasia was ellected. At necropsy, there was moderate enlargement of the prostate gland. The gland was firm and whitish, with a multilobulated aspect. Several similar masses were observed in the right kidney, lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes, and multiple bones of the appendicular skeleton. These bones also presented evident diffuse periosteal reaction. Histological examination revealed a metastatic prostatic carcinoma with bone involvement and hypertrophic osteopathy. This report is an unusual case of metastatic prostatic carcinoma in association with hypertrophic osteopathy and concomitant bone metastases.(AU)

Os carcinomas prostáticos em cães são neoplasmas agressivos e as metástases ósseas podem ocorrer, entretanto a associação com osteopatia hipertrófica é pouco relatada. Um canino, macho, sem raça definida de 10 anos de idade, com histórico de claudicação e aumento de volume em membro pélvico esquerdo, apresentou no exame radiográfico uma massa óssea, lítica em metatarso esquerdo, bem como reação periosteal proliferativa difusa em diversos ossos do esqueleto apendicular além de estruturas nodulares, radiopacas em todos os lobos pulmonares. Realizou-se o diagnóstico presuntivo de neoplasia óssea primaria com metástases pulmonares e osteopatia hipertrófica e iniciou-se o tratamento quimioterápico. Todavia, não houve resposta clínica satisfatória, optando-se pela eutanásia. Na necropsia foi constatado aumento de volume moderado da próstata, com aspecto multilobulado, ao corte firme e brancacento. Diversas massas similares foram observadas no rim direito, pulmões, linfonodos mediastínicos e em vários ossos do esqueleto apendicular, além de evidente reação periosteal difusa. A avaliação histológica revelou um carcinoma prostático metastático com envolvimento ósseo, bem como osteopatia hipertrófica pulmonar. Esse relato é um caso incomum de carcinoma prostático metastático devido a associação com osteopatia hipertrófica pulmonar e as metástases ósseas concomitantes.(AU)

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RESUMO

A leishmaniose visceral é uma doença emergente e negligenciada em processo de expansão para áreas urbanas. A incidência da doença humana está relacionada com a infecção canina. Araçatuba e Birigui são municípios do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, com soroprevalência da infecção canina de 8 a 10%, que empregam estratégias de controle voltadas ao reservatório canino baseado em inquérito sorológico e eutanásia dos cães soropositivos. Usando dados desses programas de controle para parametrizar modelos matemáticos, este estudo avaliou a eficácia dessas atividades. Estimamos que o controle atualmente empregado é capaz de reduzir em cerca de 20% a incidência de casos de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC). Considerando-se um controle contínuo e um esforço das atividades de inquérito sorológico igual ao triplo da média do observado em Araçatuba e Birigui, a atividade de eutanásia de cães com diagnóstico positivo seria efetiva para o controle da infecção canina. Embora teoricamente possível, na prática, o controle da LVC com as estratégias preconizadas atualmente é insuficiente, pois exigiria superpor dificuldades enfrentadas por estas atividades como falta de recursos materiais, humanos e financeiros, além das questões éticas e jurídicas associadas.

Visceral leishmaniasis is an emerging and neglected disease that is currently expanding to urban areas. The incidence of human disease is related to canine infection. Araçatuba and Birigui are municipalities (counties) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with 8-10% seroprevalence of canine infection and that employ control strategies targeting the canine reservoir, based on serological survey and culling of seropositive dogs. Using data from these control programs to parameterize mathematical models, this study assessed the efficacy of these activities. We estimated that current control is capable of reducing the incidence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) by approximately 20%. Assuming continuous control and three times the current serological survey activities in Araçatuba and Birigui, culling dogs with a positive CVL diagnosis would be effective for the control of canine infection. Although theoretically possible, in practice the control of CVL with the currently recommended strategies is insufficient, since it would require overcoming the difficulties in these activities, such as lack of material, human, and financial resources, besides associated ethical and legal issues.

La leishmaniasis visceral es una enfermedad emergente y pasada por alto en proceso de expansión hacia áreas urbanas. La incidencia de la enfermedad humana está relacionada con la infección canina. Araçatuba y Birigui son municipios del estado de São Paulo, Brasil, con una seroprevalencia de infección canina de un 8 a un 10% que emplean estrategias de control dirigidas al reservorio canino, basado en una encuesta serológica y eutanasia de los perros seropositivos. Usando datos de esos programas de control para proporcionar parámetros en modelos matemáticos, este estudio evaluó la eficacia de esas actividades. Estimamos que el control actualmente empleado es capaz de reducir cerca de un 20% la incidencia de casos de leishmaniasis visceral canina (LVC). Si se considera un control continuo y un esfuerzo de las actividades de encuesta serológica igual al triple de la media de lo observado en Araçatuba y Birigui, la actividad de eutanasia de perros con diagnóstico positivo sería efectiva para el control de la infección canina. A pesar de que teóricamente es posible, en la práctica el control de la LVC con las estrategias preconizadas actualmente es insuficiente, puesto que exigiría superar dificultades a las que se enfrentan estas actividades como la falta de recursos materiales, humanos y financieros, además de las cuestiones éticas y jurídicas asociadas.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Prostatic carcinomas in are aggressive neoplasms and bone metastases may occur; however, hypertrophic osteopathy associated with that condition is poorly documented. A ten-year-old, neutered male, mixed breed dog had a history of lameness and volume increase in the left pelvic limb. On radiographic examination, a lytic bone mass was observed in the left metatarsus, as well as a diffuse proliferative periosteal reaction in several bones of the appendicular skeleton, in addition to radiopaque nodular structures in all lung lobes. A presumptive diagnosis of primary bone neoplasia with pulmonary metastases and hypertrophic osteopathy was established and chemotherapy treatment was started. However, there was no satisfactory clinical response, and euthanasia was ellected. At necropsy, there was moderate enlargement of the prostate gland. The gland was firm and whitish, with a multilobulated aspect. Several similar masses were observed in the right kidney, lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes, and multiple bones of the appendicular skeleton. These bones also presented evident diffuse periosteal reaction. Histological examination revealed a metastatic prostatic carcinoma with bone involvement and hypertrophic osteopathy. This report is an unusual case of metastatic prostatic carcinoma in association with hypertrophic osteopathy and concomitant bone metastases.

RESUMO: Os carcinomas prostáticos em cães são neoplasmas agressivos e as metástases ósseas podem ocorrer, entretanto a associação com osteopatia hipertrófica é pouco relatada. Um canino, macho, sem raça definida de 10 anos de idade, com histórico de claudicação e aumento de volume em membro pélvico esquerdo, apresentou no exame radiográfico uma massa óssea, lítica em metatarso esquerdo, bem como reação periosteal proliferativa difusa em diversos ossos do esqueleto apendicular além de estruturas nodulares, radiopacas em todos os lobos pulmonares. Realizou-se o diagnóstico presuntivo de neoplasia óssea primaria com metástases pulmonares e osteopatia hipertrófica e iniciou-se o tratamento quimioterápico. Todavia, não houve resposta clínica satisfatória, optando-se pela eutanásia. Na necropsia foi constatado aumento de volume moderado da próstata, com aspecto multilobulado, ao corte firme e brancacento. Diversas massas similares foram observadas no rim direito, pulmões, linfonodos mediastínicos e em vários ossos do esqueleto apendicular, além de evidente reação periosteal difusa. A avaliação histológica revelou um carcinoma prostático metastático com envolvimento ósseo, bem como osteopatia hipertrófica pulmonar. Esse relato é um caso incomum de carcinoma prostático metastático devido a associação com osteopatia hipertrófica pulmonar e as metástases ósseas concomitantes.

RESUMO

Eleven cases of renal cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma-nodular dermatofibrosis syndrome (RCND) are described in German Shepherd dogs diagnosed from January 1994 to January 2018 at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the "Universidade Federal de Santa Maria" (LPV-UFSM). The study sample was composed of eight male and three female dogs at a ratio of 2.67:1. Age ranged from six to 12 years (mean=8.7 years). The main clinical signs reported in descending order of frequency were multiple cutaneous nodules (nodular dermatofibrosis), dyspnea, anorexia, weight loss, recurrent hematuria, vomiting, and polydipsia. Results demonstrated that it is not always easy to clinically recognize this syndrome, but its peculiar anatomical-pathological characteristics allow safe diagnosis. Histologically, it was possible to detect all phases (cysts, papillary intratubular hyperplasia, and cystadenomas or cystadenocarcinomas) of a possible pathological continuum of the renal lesions. Uterine leiomyomas were observed in only one of the cases. Through histochemical techniques, it was possible to identify the presence of type I collagen in both cutaneous and renal lesions and consider its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of renal cystadenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed partially satisfactory results in the staining of epithelial cells of renal cysts and neoplasms for pan-cytokeratin.(AU)

São descritos 11 casos da síndrome cistadenoma/cistadenocarcinoma-dermatofibrose nodular (CR-DN) em cães Pastor Alemão, diagnosticados entre janeiro de 1994 e janeiro de 2018 no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV-UFSM). Os cães afetados foram oito machos e três fêmeas, estabelecendo-se uma relação de 2,67:1. A idade variou de seis a 12 anos, sendo a média de idade de 8,7 anos. Os principais sinais clínicos relatados foram, em ordem decrescente de frequência, múltiplos nódulos cutâneos (dermatofibrose nodular), dispneia, anorexia, emagrecimento, hematúria recorrente, vômito e polidipsia. Este estudo permitiu estabelecer que o reconhecimento clínico da síndrome nem sempre é fácil, porém suas características anátomo-patológicas peculiares permitem um diagnóstico com segurança. Histologicamente, foi possível detectar todas as fases (cistos, hiperplasia intratubular papilífera, cistadenomas ou cistadenocarcinomas) de um possível continuum patológico das lesões renais. Leiomiomas uterinos foram observados somente em um caso. Através das técnicas histoquímicas foi possível estabelecer que o colágeno tipo I está presente em ambas as lesões, cutâneas e renais, e cogitar seu possível envolvimento na patogênese dos cistadenocarcinomas renais. A técnica de IHQ mostrou resultados parcialmente satisfatórios na imunomarcação das células epiteliais dos cistos e dos neoplasmas renais para pancitoceratina.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Eleven cases of renal cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma-nodular dermatofibrosis syndrome (RCND) are described in German Shepherd dogs diagnosed from January 1994 to January 2018 at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the "Universidade Federal de Santa Maria" (LPV-UFSM). The study sample was composed of eight male and three female dogs at a ratio of 2.67:1. Age ranged from six to 12 years (mean=8.7 years). The main clinical signs reported in descending order of frequency were multiple cutaneous nodules (nodular dermatofibrosis), dyspnea, anorexia, weight loss, recurrent hematuria, vomiting, and polydipsia. Results demonstrated that it is not always easy to clinically recognize this syndrome, but its peculiar anatomical-pathological characteristics allow safe diagnosis. Histologically, it was possible to detect all phases (cysts, papillary intratubular hyperplasia, and cystadenomas or cystadenocarcinomas) of a possible pathological continuum of the renal lesions. Uterine leiomyomas were observed in only one of the cases. Through histochemical techniques, it was possible to identify the presence of type I collagen in both cutaneous and renal lesions and consider its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of renal cystadenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed partially satisfactory results in the staining of epithelial cells of renal cysts and neoplasms for pan-cytokeratin.(AU)

São descritos 11 casos da síndrome cistadenoma/cistadenocarcinoma-dermatofibrose nodular (CR-DN) em cães Pastor Alemão, diagnosticados entre janeiro de 1994 e janeiro de 2018 no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV-UFSM). Os cães afetados foram oito machos e três fêmeas, estabelecendo-se uma relação de 2,67:1. A idade variou de seis a 12 anos, sendo a média de idade de 8,7 anos. Os principais sinais clínicos relatados foram, em ordem decrescente de frequência, múltiplos nódulos cutâneos (dermatofibrose nodular), dispneia, anorexia, emagrecimento, hematúria recorrente, vômito e polidipsia. Este estudo permitiu estabelecer que o reconhecimento clínico da síndrome nem sempre é fácil, porém suas características anátomo-patológicas peculiares permitem um diagnóstico com segurança. Histologicamente, foi possível detectar todas as fases (cistos, hiperplasia intratubular papilífera, cistadenomas ou cistadenocarcinomas) de um possível continuum patológico das lesões renais. Leiomiomas uterinos foram observados somente em um caso. Através das técnicas histoquímicas foi possível estabelecer que o colágeno tipo I está presente em ambas as lesões, cutâneas e renais, e cogitar seu possível envolvimento na patogênese dos cistadenocarcinomas renais. A técnica de IHQ mostrou resultados parcialmente satisfatórios na imunomarcação das células epiteliais dos cistos e dos neoplasmas renais para pancitoceratina.(AU)

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RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests for diagnosing Echinococcus granulosus in dog feces among national reference laboratories in Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay. METHODS: National laboratories affiliated with the Ministry of Health/Agriculture of each country exchanged panels of 10 positive/negative samples obtained from their regular national surveillance programs in November 2015 - November 2016. All laboratories applied PCR; two also applied ELISA techniques. Sensitivity and specificity were determined for each laboratory and concordance of results among the laboratories was evaluated by Cohen Kappa coefficient. RESULTS: Poor concordance (3 of 10 paired comparisons had values of Kappa > 0.4), low sensitivity and specificity across all laboratories, and poor performance of both techniques in detecting E. granulosus in canine feces was demonstrated in this study. An ex-post comparison of the laboratories' test protocols showed substantial heterogeneity that could partially explain poor concordance of results. CONCLUSION: The results underscore the heterogeneity of canine echinococcosis diagnosis across the region and indicate possible sources of variability. Efforts to standardize canine echinococcosis testing must be included in the plan of action for the Regional Initiative for the Control of Cystic Echinococcosis. Future comparisons with fecal samples of known parasite load are needed.

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Eleven cases of renal cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma-nodular dermatofibrosis syndrome (RCND) are described in German Shepherd dogs diagnosed from January 1994 to January 2018 at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV-UFSM). The study sample was composed of eight male and three female dogs at a ratio of 2.67:1. Age ranged from six to 12 years (mean=8.7 years). The main clinical signs reported in descending order of frequency were multiple cutaneous nodules (nodular dermatofibrosis), dyspnea, anorexia, weight loss, recurrent hematuria, vomiting, and polydipsia. Results demonstrated that it is not always easy to clinically recognize this syndrome, but its peculiar anatomical-pathological characteristics allow safe diagnosis. Histologically, it was possible to detect all phases (cysts, papillary intratubular hyperplasia, and cystadenomas or cystadenocarcinomas) of a possible pathological continuum of the renal lesions. Uterine leiomyomas were observed in only one of the cases. Through histochemical techniques, it was possible to identify the presence of type I collagen in both cutaneous and renal lesions and consider its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of renal cystadenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed partially satisfactory results in the staining of epithelial cells of renal cysts and neoplasms for pan-cytokeratin.

RESUMO: São descritos 11 casos da síndrome cistadenoma/cistadenocarcinoma-dermatofibrose nodular (CR-DN) em cães Pastor Alemão, diagnosticados entre janeiro de 1994 e janeiro de 2018 no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV-UFSM). Os cães afetados foram oito machos e três fêmeas, estabelecendo-se uma relação de 2,67:1. A idade variou de seis a 12 anos, sendo a média de idade de 8,7 anos. Os principais sinais clínicos relatados foram, em ordem decrescente de frequência, múltiplos nódulos cutâneos (dermatofibrose nodular), dispneia, anorexia, emagrecimento, hematúria recorrente, vômito e polidipsia. Este estudo permitiu estabelecer que o reconhecimento clínico da síndrome nem sempre é fácil, porém suas características anátomo-patológicas peculiares permitem um diagnóstico com segurança. Histologicamente, foi possível detectar todas as fases (cistos, hiperplasia intratubular papilífera, cistadenomas ou cistadenocarcinomas) de um possível continuum patológico das lesões renais. Leiomiomas uterinos foram observados somente em um caso. Através das técnicas histoquímicas foi possível estabelecer que o colágeno tipo I está presente em ambas as lesões, cutâneas e renais, e cogitar seu possível envolvimento na patogênese dos cistadenocarcinomas renais. A técnica de IHQ mostrou resultados parcialmente satisfatórios na imunomarcação das células epiteliais dos cistos e dos neoplasmas renais para pancitoceratina.

RESUMO

Descrevem-se os principais aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de casos de hepatite infecciosa canina diagnosticados no Laboratório de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, durante o período de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2016. Dos 1.640 cães necropsiados, 15 foram diagnosticados como hepatite infecciosa canina (0,91%). Dos cães acometidos nove eram machos e seis fêmeas. As idades variaram de 45 dias a sete anos, sendo a maioria filhotes. Dez animais não apresentavam raça definida, quatro eram Poodles e um Rottweiler. A maioria dos cães não recebeu nenhum tipo de protocolo vacinal. Os cães eram oriundos dos municípios de Patos, São Mamede e Teixeira, pertencentes ao estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. A maioria dos cães apresentou curso clínico variando de hiperagudo a agudo. Os principais sinais clínicos foram convulsão, apatia e hiporexia. Na necropsia, as principais alterações foram observadas no fígado que se apresentava de pálido a alaranjado e com áreas irregulares avermelhadas na superfície capsular, além de acentuação do padrão lobular e edema na parede da vesícula biliar. Hemorragias foram observadas em vários órgãos. Na histopatologia havia necrose centrolobular de hepatócitos associada a corpúsculos de inclusão viral intranucleares, hemorragia e infiltrado inflamatório misto. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido com base nas características lesões histopatológicas e foi confirmado por imuno-histoquímica. A hepatite infecciosa canina ocorre ocasionalmente na Paraíba, acometendo particularmente cães jovens e não vacinados.(AU)

We described the main epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of canine infectious hepatitis diagnosed in the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of the Federal University of Campina Grande during the period from January 2003 to December 2016. Of the 1,640 necropsied dogs, 15 were diagnosed as infectious canine hepatitis (0.91%). Of the dogs affected nine were males and six females. The ages ranged from 45 days to seven years, being most of them young. Ten animals were mixed breed, four were Poodles and one Rottweiler. Most of the dogs do not received any vaccine protocol. The dogs came from the municipalities of Patos, São Mamede and Teixeira, from Paraiba, northeastern of Brazil. Most of the dogs presented clinical course varying from hyperacute to acute. The main clinical signs were seizure, apathy and hyporexia. At necropsy, the major alterations were observed in the liver, which was pale to orange and with irregular reddish areas on the capsular surface, besides accentuation of the lobular pattern and edema in the wall of the gallbladder. Hemorrhages were observed in several organs. In the histopathology there was centrolobular necrosis of hepatocytes associated with intranuclear viral inclusion bodies, hemorrhages and mixed inflammatory infiltrate. The diagnosis was established based on the characteristic histopathological lesions and was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Infectious canine hepatitis occurs occasionally in the Paraiba, affecting particularly young and unvaccinated dogs.(AU)

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Descrevem-se os principais aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de casos de hepatite infecciosa canina diagnosticados no Laboratório de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, durante o período de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2016. Dos 1.640 cães necropsiados, 15 foram diagnosticados como hepatite infecciosa canina (0,91%). Dos cães acometidos nove eram machos e seis fêmeas. As idades variaram de 45 dias a sete anos, sendo a maioria filhotes. Dez animais não apresentavam raça definida, quatro eram Poodles e um Rottweiler. A maioria dos cães não recebeu nenhum tipo de protocolo vacinal. Os cães eram oriundos dos municípios de Patos, São Mamede e Teixeira, pertencentes ao estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. A maioria dos cães apresentou curso clínico variando de hiperagudo a agudo. Os principais sinais clínicos foram convulsão, apatia e hiporexia. Na necropsia, as principais alterações foram observadas no fígado que se apresentava de pálido a alaranjado e com áreas irregulares avermelhadas na superfície capsular, além de acentuação do padrão lobular e edema na parede da vesícula biliar. Hemorragias foram observadas em vários órgãos. Na histopatologia havia necrose centrolobular de hepatócitos associada a corpúsculos de inclusão viral intranucleares, hemorragia e infiltrado inflamatório misto. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido com base nas características lesões histopatológicas e foi confirmado por imuno-histoquímica. A hepatite infecciosa canina ocorre ocasionalmente na Paraíba, acometendo particularmente cães jovens e não vacinados.(AU)

We described the main epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of canine infectious hepatitis diagnosed in the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of the Federal University of Campina Grande during the period from January 2003 to December 2016. Of the 1,640 necropsied dogs, 15 were diagnosed as infectious canine hepatitis (0.91%). Of the dogs affected nine were males and six females. The ages ranged from 45 days to seven years, being most of them young. Ten animals were mixed breed, four were Poodles and one Rottweiler. Most of the dogs do not received any vaccine protocol. The dogs came from the municipalities of Patos, São Mamede and Teixeira, from Paraiba, northeastern of Brazil. Most of the dogs presented clinical course varying from hyperacute to acute. The main clinical signs were seizure, apathy and hyporexia. At necropsy, the major alterations were observed in the liver, which was pale to orange and with irregular reddish areas on the capsular surface, besides accentuation of the lobular pattern and edema in the wall of the gallbladder. Hemorrhages were observed in several organs. In the histopathology there was centrolobular necrosis of hepatocytes associated with intranuclear viral inclusion bodies, hemorrhages and mixed inflammatory infiltrate. The diagnosis was established based on the characteristic histopathological lesions and was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Infectious canine hepatitis occurs occasionally in the Paraiba, affecting particularly young and unvaccinated dogs.(AU)

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Background: Atrial septal defects are generally classified into three types: ostium secundum, ostium primum, and sinus venosus. Diagnose is normaly confirmed with Doppler echocardiography, which can identify and classify atrial septal defects types. This cardiac anomaly may be corrected by different surgical approaches, such as cardiopulmonary bypass or transvenous approaches. Therefore, we chose to close the atrial septal defect using a total venous inflow occlusion technique (TIVO), which has been successfully used in other procedures without major postoperative complications, and are notably cheaper and requires no specialized equipment, been able to be done in different places.Case: An American Pit Bull Terrier was referred to our surgical service for ostium secundum atrial septal defect correction, by the time of surgery the patient presented dyspneic; normal capillary refill time and rectal temperature; the owner mentioned the patient exhibited exercise intolerance and delayed development compared to other dogs of the same age or from the same litter. Cardiac auscultation revealed a systolic murmur at the left base, femoral pulse was normokinetic, and patient was emaciated and prostrated at the time of clinical evaluation. Atrial septal defect was suspected and then confirmed by Doppler echocardiography that revealed a discontinuous area in the interatrial septum, and by color doppler images an aliased signal, that extended through the interatrial septum and shunted from the left to the right atria, was visualized, confirming an ostium secundum atrial septal defect. After a right intercostal thoracotomy, a subphrenic pericardiectomy was performed to provide access to the heart. Cranial and caudal vena cava as well as the azygos vein, were dissected, which allowed placement of a Satinskys clamp to proceed with TIVO. Before TIVO initiation, a pursestring suture with 3-0 polypropylene was applied to the right atrium.[...](AU)

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Background: Candida spp. are pleomorphic fungi that are commensal inhabitants of the oral, gastrointestinal, upper respiratory and urogenital mucosa of mammals. Candida albicans is described as the most important species. This opportunistic pathogen may produce local or systemic infections in dogs. Local infections have been reported in several tissues and systemic infection is rare in dogs with few reports in the literature describing this presentation. The aim of the present study was to report two cases of cerebral Candida albicans infection in dogs in Brazil.Case: Two cases of cerebral Candida albicans infection in dogs that showed nervous signs are described. In both cases, the brain showed marked asymmetry of the telencephalic hemispheres with multifocal to coalescing yellowish or reddish areas and a partial loss of distinction between gray and white matter. In Case 1, the mediastinal, tracheobronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes, as well as the right kidney and adrenal gland, showed altered architecture due to numerous whitish gray nodules. Histological lesions were characterized by granulomatous (case 1) or pyogranulomatous (case 2) necrotizing meningoencephalitis with intralesional fungal organisms. In case 1, similar granulomatous infiltrate with intralesional fungal organisms was also seen in the lymph nodes, kidney and adrenal gland. In case 2, there was evidence consistent with an underlying infection of canine distemper virus. Were observed lymphoplasmocytic interstitial pneumonia, lymphoid rarefaction in lymph nodes, and viral intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the epithelial cells of the stomach and vesical urothelium. In these two cases, the fungal organisms displayed three different morphological patterns. The first pattern was characterized by delicate tubular structures with thin parallel walls that were rarely septate and tended to undulate slightly, and measured approximately 4-20 µm (true hyphae).[...]

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Atrial septal defects are generally classified into three types: ostium secundum, ostium primum, and sinus venosus. Diagnose is normaly confirmed with Doppler echocardiography, which can identify and classify atrial septal defects types. This cardiac anomaly may be corrected by different surgical approaches, such as cardiopulmonary bypass or transvenous approaches. Therefore, we chose to close the atrial septal defect using a total venous inflow occlusion technique (TIVO), which has been successfully used in other procedures without major postoperative complications, and are notably cheaper and requires no specialized equipment, been able to be done in different places.Case: An American Pit Bull Terrier was referred to our surgical service for ostium secundum atrial septal defect correction, by the time of surgery the patient presented dyspneic; normal capillary refill time and rectal temperature; the owner mentioned the patient exhibited exercise intolerance and delayed development compared to other dogs of the same age or from the same litter. Cardiac auscultation revealed a systolic murmur at the left base, femoral pulse was normokinetic, and patient was emaciated and prostrated at the time of clinical evaluation. Atrial septal defect was suspected and then confirmed by Doppler echocardiography that revealed a discontinuous area in the interatrial septum, and by color doppler images an aliased signal, that extended through the interatrial septum and shunted from the left to the right atria, was visualized, confirming an ostium secundum atrial septal defect. After a right intercostal thoracotomy, a subphrenic pericardiectomy was performed to provide access to the heart. Cranial and caudal vena cava as well as the azygos vein, were dissected, which allowed placement of a Satinsky’s clamp to proceed with TIVO. Before TIVO initiation, a pursestring suture with 3-0 polypropylene was applied to the right atrium.[...]

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RESUMO

Background: Candida spp. are pleomorphic fungi that are commensal inhabitants of the oral, gastrointestinal, upper respiratory and urogenital mucosa of mammals. Candida albicans is described as the most important species. This opportunistic pathogen may produce local or systemic infections in dogs. Local infections have been reported in several tissues and systemic infection is rare in dogs with few reports in the literature describing this presentation. The aim of the present study was to report two cases of cerebral Candida albicans infection in dogs in Brazil.Case: Two cases of cerebral Candida albicans infection in dogs that showed nervous signs are described. In both cases, the brain showed marked asymmetry of the telencephalic hemispheres with multifocal to coalescing yellowish or reddish areas and a partial loss of distinction between gray and white matter. In Case 1, the mediastinal, tracheobronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes, as well as the right kidney and adrenal gland, showed altered architecture due to numerous whitish gray nodules. Histological lesions were characterized by granulomatous (case 1) or pyogranulomatous (case 2) necrotizing meningoencephalitis with intralesional fungal organisms. In case 1, similar granulomatous infiltrate with intralesional fungal organisms was also seen in the lymph nodes, kidney and adrenal gland. In case 2, there was evidence consistent with an underlying infection of canine distemper virus. Were observed lymphoplasmocytic interstitial pneumonia, lymphoid rarefaction in lymph nodes, and viral intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the epithelial cells of the stomach and vesical urothelium. In these two cases, the fungal organisms displayed three different morphological patterns. The first pattern was characterized by delicate tubular structures with thin parallel walls that were rarely septate and tended to undulate slightly, and measured approximately 4-20 µm (true hyphae).[...](AU)

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Foram revisados os protocolos de biópsias e necropsias do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV/UFSM) entre 2004 e 2014, e todos os casos de tumores que acometeram a glândula tireoide foram selecionados. A partir disso, foram anotados sexo, idade e raça dos cães afetados. Também foi avaliado o significado clínico dos tumores, presença de aumento de volume cervical, lobos afetados, tamanho dos tumores, presença e localização de metástases e padrão histológico dos neoplasmas. Nos 11 anos que compreenderam este estudo, foram diagnosticados 26 tumores de glândula tireoide (quatro eram provenientes de exames de biópsias e 22 de necropsias), 53,9% dos cães eram fêmeas e 46,1% eram machos; 65,4% eram cães com raça definida. Desses, Boxers foram os mais afetados (15,4% dos casos). Dos 23 protocolos em que a idade foi informada, 60,9% dos cães eram idosos e 39,1% eram adultos. A avaliação dos protocolos permitiu constatar que 38,5% dos animais haviam apresentado aumento de volume cervical no momento do exame clínico. Dos cães necropsiados 13,6% morreram ou foram submetidos à eutanásia em decorrência de complicações causadas por metástases dos tumores de tireoide. Dessa forma, em 86,4% dos cães, os neoplasmas foram considerados achados incidentais de necropsia. Nos quatro casos provenientes de material de biópsia, o desfecho não foi conhecido. Em nenhum cão os tumores causaram síndrome clínica devido à hipo ou hiperfunção da tireoide. Em 24 protocolos havia informação sobre os lobos afetados e 75% dos cães tiveram acometimento unilateral da glândula. Os diagnósticos histológicos dos tumores permitiram constatar que 16 (61,5%) neoplasmas eram carcinomas de células foliculares (nesses casos, o padrão folicular-compacto foi o mais frequente [43,75%]), seis (23,1%) eram adenomas de células foliculares, dois (7,7%) eram carcinossarcomas e dois (7,7%) eram tumores de células C (adenoma e carcinoma).(AU)

Biopsy and necropsy reports of the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV/UFSM) were reviewed, including data from 2004 to 2014; all cases of the thyroid tumors were selected. From this point on, it was recorded the gender, age and breed of affected dogs. Additionally, it was evaluated the clinical significance of these tumors, presence of cervical swelling, affected lobes, tumors size, presence and location of metastasis and histological pattern of neoplasms. Twenty six thyroid tumors were diagnosed in the study period (four came from biopsies while the other 22 were from necropsies). Of the affected dogs, 53.8% were females and 46.2% were males; most of the animals (65.4%) were purebred. Of these, Boxers were the most affected (15.4%). In 23 protocols the age was informed; 60.9% of the dogs were elderly and 39.1% were adults. The protocols evaluation allowed establishing that 38.5% of the animals had cervical swelling, at the time of clinical examination. Out of the dogs necropsied, only 13.6% died or were euthanized due to complications caused by metastases of thyroid tumors. Thus, in 86.4% of the dogs, the neoplasms were considered as incidental necropsy findings. In the four cases from biopsy samples, the outcomes were not known. There were no tumors causing clinical syndrome in these dogs, due to thyroid hypo- or hyperfunction. In 24 protocols it was found information about the affected lobes, indicating that 75% of the dogs had unilateral glandular involvement. The histological diagnosis showed that 16 (61.5%) neoplasms were follicular cell carcinomas (in these cases, the follicular-compact pattern was the most frequent [43.8%]); 6 (23.1%) were follicular cells adenoma; two (7.7%) were carcinosarcomas and two (7.7%) were C cells tumors (adenoma and carcinoma).(AU)

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RESUMO

Foram revisados os protocolos de biópsias e necropsias do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV/UFSM) entre 2004 e 2014, e todos os casos de tumores que acometeram a glândula tireoide foram selecionados. A partir disso, foram anotados sexo, idade e raça dos cães afetados. Também foi avaliado o significado clínico dos tumores, presença de aumento de volume cervical, lobos afetados, tamanho dos tumores, presença e localização de metástases e padrão histológico dos neoplasmas. Nos 11 anos que compreenderam este estudo, foram diagnosticados 26 tumores de glândula tireoide (quatro eram provenientes de exames de biópsias e 22 de necropsias), 53,9% dos cães eram fêmeas e 46,1% eram machos; 65,4% eram cães com raça definida. Desses, Boxers foram os mais afetados (15,4% dos casos). Dos 23 protocolos em que a idade foi informada, 60,9% dos cães eram idosos e 39,1% eram adultos. A avaliação dos protocolos permitiu constatar que 38,5% dos animais haviam apresentado aumento de volume cervical no momento do exame clínico. Dos cães necropsiados 13,6% morreram ou foram submetidos à eutanásia em decorrência de complicações causadas por metástases dos tumores de tireoide. Dessa forma, em 86,4% dos cães, os neoplasmas foram considerados achados incidentais de necropsia. Nos quatro casos provenientes de material de biópsia, o desfecho não foi conhecido. Em nenhum cão os tumores causaram síndrome clínica devido à hipo ou hiperfunção da tireoide. Em 24 protocolos havia informação sobre os lobos afetados e 75% dos cães tiveram acometimento unilateral da glândula. Os diagnósticos histológicos dos tumores permitiram constatar que 16 (61,5%) neoplasmas eram carcinomas de células foliculares (nesses casos, o padrão folicular-compacto foi o mais frequente [43,75%]), seis (23,1%) eram adenomas de células foliculares, dois (7,7%) eram carcinossarcomas e dois (7,7%) eram tumores de células C (adenoma e carcinoma).(AU)

Biopsy and necropsy reports of the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV/UFSM) were reviewed, including data from 2004 to 2014; all cases of the thyroid tumors were selected. From this point on, it was recorded the gender, age and breed of affected dogs. Additionally, it was evaluated the clinical significance of these tumors, presence of cervical swelling, affected lobes, tumors size, presence and location of metastasis and histological pattern of neoplasms. Twenty six thyroid tumors were diagnosed in the study period (four came from biopsies while the other 22 were from necropsies). Of the affected dogs, 53.8% were females and 46.2% were males; most of the animals (65.4%) were purebred. Of these, Boxers were the most affected (15.4%). In 23 protocols the age was informed; 60.9% of the dogs were elderly and 39.1% were adults. The protocols evaluation allowed establishing that 38.5% of the animals had cervical swelling, at the time of clinical examination. Out of the dogs necropsied, only 13.6% died or were euthanized due to complications caused by metastases of thyroid tumors. Thus, in 86.4% of the dogs, the neoplasms were considered as incidental necropsy findings. In the four cases from biopsy samples, the outcomes were not known. There were no tumors causing clinical syndrome in these dogs, due to thyroid hypo- or hyperfunction. In 24 protocols it was found information about the affected lobes, indicating that 75% of the dogs had unilateral glandular involvement. The histological diagnosis showed that 16 (61.5%) neoplasms were follicular cell carcinomas (in these cases, the follicular-compact pattern was the most frequent [43.8%]); 6 (23.1%) were follicular cells adenoma; two (7.7%) were carcinosarcomas and two (7.7%) were C cells tumors (adenoma and carcinoma).(AU)

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En Colombia son exiguas las investigaciones sobre ehrlichiosis canina y en Medellín son nulas. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la seroprevalencia de Ehrlichia canis y su distribución según sexo, edad, raza y tamaño en caninos diagnosticados en un laboratorio veterinario de Medellín, entre 2012 y 2014. Para ello se diseñó un estudio transversal en 781 caninos. Se calculó la seroprevalencia global de infección y específica según sexo, grupo de edad, tamaño y raza del canino. En el análisis bivariado se usaron las pruebas Z, chi cuadrado de Pearson y U de Mann-Whitney. En el análisis multivariado se hizo regresión logística binaria. Se incluyeron 57 razas, de las cuales las más frecuentes fueron criollos, labradores y french poodle; 54,9 % eran machos y 56,9 %, adultos. La prevalencia global de la infección fue 24,8 %; las mayores seroprevalencias específicas se observaron en las hembras (25,9 %), los seniles (29,7 %) y los pertenecientes a razas grandes (27,6 %). El riesgo de infección en adultos y seniles fue 2 veces el hallado en cachorros; la probabilidad de infección en los cocker spaniel fue 6,4 veces la hallada en los bulldog francés; el riesgo de infección en lobo siberiano, pug y labrador fue 7,8, 5,5 y 4,1 veces lo observado en los bulldog. La alta seroprevalencia de ehrlichiosis canina y la identificación de los caninos adultos, seniles y las razas cocker spaniel, lobos siberianos, pug y labradores como las de mayor riesgo evidencian la necesidad de formular programas de prevención y atención de esta infección en la ciudad.

Research is meager on canine ehrlichiosis in Colombia and it is absent in Medellín. This research aims to determine the seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis and its distribution by sex, age, race and size in dogs diagnosed in a veterinary laboratory in Medellín, between 2012 and 2014. To the effect, a cross-sectional study was designed in 781 dogs. Overall seroprevalence of infection and specific by sex, age, size, and canine breed were calculated. In the bivariate analysis, Z test, Pearson's chi-square test, and the Mann-Whitney U test were used. In the multivariate analysis, binary logistic regression was performed. 57 races were included, of which the most frequent were Creoles, Labradors, and French poodles; 54.9% were males, and 56.9% were adults. Overall prevalence of infection was 24.8%; highest specific seroprevalences were observed in females (25.9%), senile dogs (29.7%), and those belonging to large breeds (27.6%). The risk of infection in adult and senile dogs was two times higher than in puppies; the probability of infection was 6.4 times higher in cocker spaniels than in French bulldogs; the risk of infection in Siberian wolf, pug and Labrador was 7.8, 5.5 and 4.1 times higher than in bulldogs. High seroprevalence of canine ehrlichiosis and the identification of adult and senile dogs, and cocker spaniel, Siberian wolf, pug and Labrador breeds as of higher risk show the need to develop programs for prevention and treatment of this infection in the city.

Na Colômbia são exíguas as pesquisas sobre ehrlichiosis canina e em Medellín são nulas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar a soroprevalência de Ehrlichia canis e sua distribuição de acordo com sexo, idade, raça e tamanho em caninos diagnosticados em um laboratório veterinário de Medellín, entre 2012 e 2014. Para isso desenhou-se um estudo transversal em 781 caninos. Calculou-se a soroprevalência global de infecção e específica de acordo com sexo, grupo de idade, tamanho e raça do canino. Na análise bivariada se usaram as provas Z, chi quadrado de Pearson e U de Mann-Whitney. Na análise multivariada realizou-se regressão logística binaria. Incluíram-se 57 raças, das quais as mais frequentes foram criollos (vira-latas), labradores e french poodle; 54,9 % eram machos e 56,9 %, adultos. A prevalência global da infecção foi 24,8 %; as maiores soroprevalências específicas foram observadas nas fêmeas (25,9 %), os senis (29,7 %) e os pertencentes a raças grandes (27,6 %). O risco de infecção em adultos e senis foi 2 vezes mais do que o encontrado em filhotes; a probabilidade de infecção nos cocker spaniel foi 6,4 vezes mais do que a encontrada nos bulldog francês; o risco de infecção em lobo siberiano, pug e labrador foi 7,8, 5,5 e 4,1 vezes mais do que o encontrado nos bulldog. A alta soroprevalência de ehrlichiosis canina e a identificação dos caninos adultos, senis e as raças cocker spaniel, lobos siberianos, pug e labradores como as de maior risco evidenciam a necessidade de formular programas de prevenção e atenção desta infecção na cidade.

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Demodicosis is a common parasitary dermatopathy in dogs, resulting from excessive proliferation of Demodex canis mite, a natural inhabitant of dog´s skin. Definitive diagnosis is classically established through microscopic examination of deep skin scrapings obtained from affected areas, in which numerous adult mites and/or immature forms are observed. Although considered as the golden pattern for the disease diagnosis, this technique is difficult to be performed in some parts of the body, as face, eyelids and interdigital areas, besides causing pain in the dog and discomfort to the owner. Two less invasive diagnostic methods, the hair plucking and the adhesive tape test are described. Although these methods are well known, only few studies about their sensitivity were found in the literature. In the present study, tests were conducted on 40 dogs previously diagnosed with demodicosis through deep skin scrapings. At adhesive tape test, 30 of 40 samples were positive, evidencing 75% of sensivity, while at hair plucking, mites were observed in 29 samples, leading to a sensivity of 73%. These results do not differ statistically and suggest that adhesive tape test and hair plucking tests can be used on clinical routine as first choice primary tests for canine demodicosis as they offer more comfort to animal and its owner. Interestingly, the presence of pyoderma raised the sensibility