RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the use of digital solutions in medical care, especially for patients in remote areas and those requiring regular medical care. However, internet access is essential for the implementation of digital health care. The digital divide is the unequal distribution of access to digital technology, and the first level digital divide encompasses structural barriers. Brazil, a country with economic inequality and uneven population distribution, faces challenges in achieving internet access for all. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the first-level digital divide in Brazil, estimate the relationship between variables, and identify the challenges and opportunities for digital health care implementation. METHODS: Data were retrieved from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics National Continuous House survey database, including demographic, health, and internet-related variables. Statistical analysis included 2-tailed t tests, chi-square, and multivariate logistic regression to assess associations between variables. RESULTS: Our analysis included 279,382 interviews throughout Brazil. The sample included more houses from the northeast (n=99,553) and fewer houses from the central west (n=30,804). A total of 223,386 (80.13%) of the interviewed population used the internet, with urban areas having higher internet access (187,671/212,109, 88.48%) than rural areas (35,715/67,077, 53.24%). Among the internet users, those interviewed who lived in urban houses, were women, were younger, and had higher income had a statistically higher prevalence (P<.001). Cell phones were the most common device used to access the internet (141,874/143,836, 98.63%). Reasons for not using the internet included lack of interest, knowledge, availability, and cost, with regional variations. The prevalence of internet access also varied among races, with 84,747 of 98,968 (85.63%) White respondents having access, compared to 22,234 of 28,272 (78.64%) Black respondents, 113,518 of 148,191 (76.6%) multiracial respondents, and 2887 of 3755 (76.88%) other respondents. In the southeast, central west, and south regions, the numbers of people with internet access were 49,790 of 56,298 (88.44%), 27,209 of 30,782 (88.39%), and 27,035 of 31,226 (86.58%), respectively, and in the north and northeast, 45,038 of 61,404 (73.35%) and 74,314 of 99,476 (74.7%). The income of internet users was twice the income of internet nonusers. Among those with diabetes-related limitations in daily activities, 945 of 2377 (39.75%) did not have internet access, and among those with daily activity restrictions, 1381 of 3644 (37.89%) did not have access. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, women (odds ratio [OR] 1.147, 95% CI 0.118-0.156; P<.001), urban households (OR 6.743, 95% CI 1.888-1.929; P<.001), and those earning more than the minimum wage (OR 2.087, 95% CI 0.716-0.756; P<.01) had a positive association with internet access. CONCLUSIONS: Brazil's diverse regions have different demographic distributions, house characteristics, and internet access levels, requiring targeted measures to address the first-level digital divide in rural areas and reduce inequalities in digital health solutions. Older people, poor, and rural populations face the greatest challenges in the first level digital divide in Brazil, highlighting the need to tackle the digital divide in order to promote equitable access to digital health care.

Assuntos

RESUMO

(analítico) El proceso educativo se trasladó de las escuelas a los hogares mexicanos como consecuencia de la covid-19. El objetivo planteado fue analizar el impacto económico, familiar y académico de la covid-19 en discentes de comunidades rurales que asisten a la preparatoria. La metodología fue cuantitativa. La muestra fueron 222 estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, en México, que respondieron un cuestionario en línea. Los datos se analizaron por estadística descriptiva y análisis de correlación. En los resultados se destacan tres impactos: económicos, por falta de ingresos para comprar tecnología; familiares, por la falta de apoyo de padres y madres; y académicos, porque hay poca capacitación en el uso de TIC. En conclusión, la covid-19 causó dificultades y puso de manifiesto una brecha digital, inequidad social y rezago educativo.

(analytical) The educational process shifted from schools to the home for Mexicans as a result of COVID-19. The objective was to analyze the economic, family and academic impact of COVID-19 among students from rural communities attending high school in Sinaloa. The methodology used for the study was the quantitative. The statistical sample size was 222 students from the Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, in México, who respond to an online questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlational analysis. The results showed three types of problems: economic issues due to lack of income to buy the technological items required for online learning; family problems, specifically the lack of support provided by parents to help children with distance education; and academic difficulties, because there was little training provided to students on the use of technology. The authors concluded that COVID-19 caused difficulties and highlighted the existence of a digital divide, social inequality and educational lag.

(analítico) O processo educacional mudou as escolas para lares mexicanos como resultado da covid-19. O objetivo era analisar o impacto econômico, familiar e acadêmico do Covid-19 em algumas comunidades rurais que eles estudam ensino preparatório. A metodologia era quantitativa. A amostra era de 222 alunos da Universidade Autônoma de Sinaloa, no México, eles responderam a um questionário online. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e análise de correlação. Os resultados mostram três problemas: econômicos devido à falta de renda para comprar tecnologia; parentes por falta de apoio dos pais e filhos, e Acadêmicos porque há pouco treinamento no uso das TIC. Em conclusão, da covid-19 causou dificuldades e revelou uma lacuna digital, desigualdade social e atraso educacional.

RESUMO

Education within prisons is one of the most complex scenarios in the field of education in Spain. Education is conceived in spatial and temporal coordinates that are totally alien to life in prison and often clash with economic or security and order-related contraindications that frustrate the right to education in the twenty-first century. This is an education that cannot be unconnected with digital competition, and one of its aims is to eliminate the "digital divide". On the one hand, it has been analysed by the Spanish and European authorities that there is a need for education to respond to the challenges of today's society, which is characterised by having moved from the analogue era to the digital era. This digital drive is designed to limit social differences. On the other hand, Spanish prison legislation guarantees the right to education, but without forgetting the special circumstances limiting rights in prisons. In Spain, the 1996 regulation does not seem to be able to respond to the existing difficulties, since its wording has become obsolete on this point. In this regard, the Council of Europe recalled different aspects which lead us to question how the right to comprehensive education should be skilfully combined with that of the restrictions specific to the prison environment. The study of these two aspects leads to the conclusion that it is a difficult challenge. The administration must therefore seek a fair balance between the public policy objectives pursued and respect for the rights of persons deprived of their liberty.

RESUMO

Resumo: Este ensaio indaga em que medida a brecha digital se apresenta como uma manifestação da questão social no século XXI frente à difusão das tecnologias da informação e comunicação no Brasil, considerando a contribuição do Serviço Social. Ao identificar um abismo que separa o conjunto de indivíduos que usufruem das possibilidades do ciberespaço daqueles que não o fazem, conclui-se que o uso das tecnologias tem papel fundamental no exercício da cidadania em uma sociedade democrática.

Abstract: This study inquiries to what extent the digital divide presents itself as an expression of the social question in the 21st century in the face of the diffusion of information and communication technologies in Brazil, considering the contribution of Social Work. By identifying an abyss that separates the individuals who enjoy the possibilities of the cyberspace from those who do not, it is concluded that the use of technologies plays a fundamental role to citizenship in a democratic society.

RESUMO

The digital divide can hinder the ability of elderly patients to fully benefit from PHRs. They are "digital immigrants", not having the life-long exposure to technology as younger generations, as well as physical and cognitive disabilities. The aim of this study was to explore the digital divide as a barrier for the use of a PHR in older adults (> 69 years of age) and describe the use of a PHR in an elderly population in Argentina. We conducted a cross sectional study which included older adults who attended the Coronavirus vaccination campaign in 2021. Data were collected through a survey encompassing digital divide factors and use of the PHR. A total of 128 participants agreed to complete the survey, 60.15% reported using the PHR. We found a statistically significant correlation of education level, having a personal computer and internet access with PHR use. Concerning PHR users, 45.45% reported needing assistance to use it. Although the elderly population represents a large portion of patients, there is not enough research done on their use experience using eHealth solutions. There is pending work in the eHealth field to integrate these elders into current PHRs and help them enjoy their benefits.

Assuntos

RESUMO

We report a novel proposal for reducing the digital divide in rural multigrade schools, incorporating knowledge of robotics with a STEM approach to simultaneously promote curricular learning in mathematics and science in several school grades. We used an exploratory qualitative methodology to implement the proposal with 12 multigrade rural students. We explored the contribution of the approaches to the promotion of curricular learning in mathematics and science and the perceptions of using robotics to learn mathematics and science. As data collection techniques, we conducted focus groups and semi-structured interviews with the participants and analyzed their responses thematically. We concluded that the proposal could contribute to meeting the challenges of multigrade teaching. Our findings suggest that the proposal would simultaneously promote the development of curricular learning in mathematics and science in several school grades, offering an alternative for addressing various topics with different degrees of depth.

Assuntos

RESUMO

About half of the world's population remains without access to internet in an era of digital transformation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of implementing the use of logic and mathematics through digital literacy on a population of elementary school students in a town in Northeast Brazil. In a non-randomized experimental longitudinal intervention study, 5th-grade students were followed during one semester. They underwent observational testing during class with the use of scales to evaluate their activities in a digital environment, and they were evaluated with respect to their ability to use digital devices. A logic/math assessment was applied prior to and at the end of the course for intervention group and compared to a control group. Questionnaires were used to assess the educators', legal guardians' and students' perceptions on digital habits and their respective sociodemographic features. The intervention consisted of a 16-h long course developed consisting of 8 2-h long classes which focused on digital technology, digital culture, and computational thinking. The students had a strong interest in the classes. Although some students did not have prior contact with computers, their development was outstanding. Digital literacy competencies and technology-use behavior increased throughout the semester independent of family income and use of digital devices at home. Students progressively improved their interaction with the computer (e.g. touchpad and typing skills) and their confidence in the digital environment. Students' scores on the logic/math assessment showed significant improvement. This was not observed in the control group, demonstrating the importance of this type of intervention even with one provided by a 16-h course. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10639-021-10711-z.

RESUMO

La crisis sanitaria provocada por el COVID-19 generó la aplicación de medidas de distanciamiento social y confinamiento por largo tiempo, menoscabando la participación en el activismo comunitario y promoviendo el uso de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) para el control y prevención de le enfermedad; no obstante, existe una gran distancia entre quienes tienen acceso a internet y quienes no, y la propagación de COVID-19 solo ha profundizado esta brecha. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y correlacional con el fin de determinar la relación entre la brecha digital y las TIC para el control de la pandemia COVID-19, en 119 usuarios que acuden a un telecentro de la Amazonia Peruana. Se aplicó un cuestionario conformado por 37 items relacionados con la brecha digital y las TIC, evaluados mediante una escala de Likert. Asimismo, se aplicó un instrumento con 15 items para evaluar la búsqueda de información acerca del COVID-19. Para el análisis de datos se empleó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Se encontró diferencias entre lo que se sabe y lo que debe saberse acerca del COVID-19, generando una brecha informativa acerca de la enfermedad; además se obtuvo una correlación entre la brecha digital y las TIC. Se requiere la implementación de programas de inclusión digital, políticas para el acceso y conectividad digital, establecimiento de otros telecentros y desarrollo de una infraestructura adecuada, que aminoren la brecha digital y promuevan el control y prevención del COVID-19(AU)

The health crisis caused by COVID-19 generated the application of social distancing and confinement measures for a long time, undermining participation in community activism and promoting the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for the control and prevention of the disease; however, there is a wide gap between those who have access to the internet and those who do not, and the spread of COVID-19 has only deepened this gap. A descriptive and correlational study was carried out in order to determine the relationship between the digital divide and ICTs for the control of the COVID-19 pandemic, in 119 users who attend a telecenter in the Peruvian Amazon. A questionnaire made up of 37 items related to the digital divide and ICTs, evaluated using a Likert scale, was applied. Likewise, an instrument with 15 items was applied to evaluate the search for information about COVID-19. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Differences were found between what is known and what should be known about COVID-19, generating an information gap about the disease; In addition, a correlation between the digital divide and ICT was obtained. The implementation of digital inclusion programs, policies for digital access and connectivity, establishment of other telecenters and development of adequate infrastructure are required, which reduce the digital divide and promote the control and prevention of COVID-19(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The implementation of technology in the field of epileptology has traditionally focused on its use for diagnosis and treatment and has, unsurprisingly, been capital-intensive, making it therefore mainly implementable in advanced high-income countries. Because of technological innovations over the past 20 years there has been almost a paradigm shift, particularly in access to and the potential for implementing relevant technology in lesser developed environments. Nearly 80% of people living with epilepsy live in low and middle-income countries. AREAS COVERED: The challenge and the purpose of this paper is to discuss how technology can be implemented into lesser-resourced contexts not only cost-effectively but in a cost-saving way while also building capacity and thus sustainability. EXPERT OPINION: The rate of technological advancement presents the risk of progressive widening of the technology and care gaps between advanced and lesser developed regions. Implementing technology is both about finding relevant appropriate technologies for the individual contexts of a diverse range of countries but also about repurposing low-tech technologies for application in epilepsy care in these areas. Finally exciting advances such as autonomous driving, digital twinning and robotic surgery will likely transform epilepsy care in several lower-resourced settings in the next 5-10 years.

Assuntos

RESUMO

COVID-19 has accelerated the transformations of teleworking, generating conditions of great opportunities and terrible threats. The digital divide deepens inequities and exploitation, where the most unprotected countries and the most vulnerable populations are closer to the abyss Digital changes have formatted new modes of care, which are constantly changing and present new challenges to find their scope and limits.

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study aimed to find factors influencing the acceptance of telemedicine for adults in Brazil. Moreover, it investigates the moderating role of disease complexity and the generational digital divide phenomenon on the intention to use the telemedicine service. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A quasi-experiment was employed. Primary data were collected using a survey research method considering two different scenarios based on disease complexity and symptom severity. A total of 248 responses were collected using a structured questionnaire. The authors also tested these two scenarios in three generations (X, Y and Z) of adults. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the collected data and test the research hypotheses. FINDINGS: The results indicated that performance expectancy and perceived security and reliability are two predictors of the behavioral intention to use telemedicine, whereas effort expectancy and social influence showed no statistical significance. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that adults tend to adopt telemedicine regardless of the level of disease complexity. Finally, this study does not support the existence of a digital divide in the three generations. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The study applies the UTAUT model to assess the telemedicine acceptance for younger generations. It examines patient risk perception (security and reliability) as one antecedent of telemedicine acceptance.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: The digital revolution is creating opportunities and challenges in the field of medicine and the Digital Hospital could be a benefit for patients, if they are able to use the Internet. Aim: Identify the barriers that limit Internet use among stroke patients treated in a public hospital in Santiago. Material and Methods: Sociodemographic, clinical and functional variables that could influence the use of the Internet were collected in 107 patients with stroke. Results: Seventy five percent of patients had access to the Internet, but only 29% knew how to use it before their hospitalization. Seventy five percent were older adults, 74% had a low level of education, 78% had an income below the minimum Chilean salary and 56% were discharged with a severe disability (modified Rankin Scale 4 or 5). There was a significant relationship between Internet use and the level of education, income and age. Conclusions: Income levels, age, schooling and stroke related disability limit Internet use in this population.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To examine the cross-sectional associations between young adolescents' access, use, and perceived impairments related to digital technologies and their academic, psychological, and physical well-being. STUDY DESIGN: There were 2104 adolescents (ages 10-15 years), representative of the North Carolina Public School population, who completed questionnaires in 2015. Administrative educational records were linked with parental consent. RESULTS: Nearly all young adolescents (95%) had Internet access, 67% owned a mobile phone, and 68% had a social media account. Mobile phone ownership was not associated with any indicators of well-being (math and reading test scores, school belonging, psychological distress, conduct problems, or physical health) after controlling for demographic factors. Having a social media account and frequency of social media use were only robustly associated with conduct problems (explaining ∼3% of the variation in conduct problems). Despite the lack of strong associations, 91% of adolescents reported at least 1 perceived technology-related impairment and 29% of adolescents reported online-to-offline spillover of negative experiences. Economically disadvantaged adolescents reported similar access, but greater online-to-offline spillover and stronger associations between social media account ownership and poor psychological well-being compared with their more affluent peers. CONCLUSIONS: At the population level, there was little evidence that digital technology access and use is negatively associated with young adolescents' well-being. Youth from economically disadvantaged families were equally likely to have access to digital technologies, but were more likely than their more affluent peers to report negative online experiences. Closing the digital divide requires prioritizing equity in experiences and opportunities, as well as in access.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Older people can often fall on the wrong side of the 'digital divide' in terms of accessing and enjoying new digital technology. One approach to this issue is to provide training programmes and customisation techniques for using existing technology. However, another is to re-invent technology with and for older people themselves. In this paper, I propose four recommendations for re-invention, and illustrate these with examples in the domain of digital photography.(AU)

Os idosos muitas vezes podem cair no lado errado da "divisão digital" em termos de acesso e aproveitamento de novas tecnologias digitais. Uma abordagem para esse problema é fornecer programas de treinamento e técnicas de personalização para usar a tecnologia existente. No entanto, outra é reinventar a tecnologia com e para os próprios idosos. Neste artigo, proponho quatro recomendações para reinvenção, e as ilustro com exemplos no domínio da fotografia digital.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

RESUMEN En los últimos años, la brecha digital ha recibido especial atención de investigadores y organismos internacionales, ya que genera desigualdades digitales que impactan el desarrollo social y la educación. El modelo de la accesibilidad en etapas a la tecnología (AET), propuesto por Van Dijk, ha venido consolidándose en un marco teórico evolutivo, encaminado a explicar la penetración social de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC). Además, define una parte importante del segmento de la teoría de los recursos y la apropiación tecnológica (TRA). El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el nivel de infraestructura digital en las primarias del estado de Tamaulipas, el grado de conocimiento y el uso que le dan a las TIC los alumnos de este sector, a través del modelo de (AET). Esta investigación fue empírica y descriptiva, con diseño no experimental. La información analizada proviene de una muestra de 213 estudiantes de 167 instituciones del estado, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario utilizado por la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (CEPAL-ONU). En las pruebas estadísticas de regresión, se evidenciaron enlaces causales significativos (P < 0.05), entre las variables motivación, acceso, capacidades y uso de las TIC. El nivel de capacidades fue una influencia significativa en el nivel de uso de estas tecnologías; la relación causal Motivación x Acceso reveló una beta negativa, dado que la falta de acceso, por carecer de infraestructura de las TIC o por subemplearla en un proceso de capacitación discontinuo o inexistente, afecta la apropiación de estas tecnologías por los alumnos.

ABSTRACT In the last years, the digital divide has received special attention of investigators and international organizations, since it generates digital inequality that impacts social development and education. The model of accessibility in stages to the Technology (AET), proposed by Van Dijk, has been consolidated as an evolutionary theoretical framework, which aims to explain the social penetration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In addition, it defines an important part of the segment of the theory of resources and the appropriation of technology (ART). The objective of this work was to employ the accessibility model in stages to Technology (AET) to assess three aspects of the digital divide in primary schools of Tamaulipas: the level of digital infrastructure, the degree of knowledge, and the use given to ICT by students at this level. This research was empirical and descriptive, with a non-experimental design. The analyzed information was obtained from a sample of 213 students of 167 institutions in the State, who were administered a questionnaire used by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and the Organization of the United Nations (ECLAC-UN). Regression analysis tests showed significant causal links (P < 0.05) between the variable motivation, access to ICT infrastructure, level of skills and level of use of ICT. The level of capacities was a significant influence on the level of use of these technologies, the causal relation Motivation x Access revealed a negative Beta that affects the appropriation of these technologies by students due to two main factors: a lack of access to ICT infrastructure, or lack of its effective use; and a discontinuous or non-existent training process.

RESUMO

Technological advances in the information and knowledge society have influenced and transformed economic, social, and educational dynamics. Currently there are many digital gaps related to the access to technology, level of digital literacy, and social use. These gaps vary based on the age of the population and become more noticeable among elders. Digital illiteracy leads to the underusing of technological developments of the 21st century, making it difficult to take advantage of all the possibilities that they offer to our society. This study aims to analyze the level of penetration and use of handheld digital devices, especially the cellular phone, among the adult population. This study is based on the 2016 National Survey of Life Quality in Colombia, elaborated by Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística-DANE, specifically on the module of ownership and use of ICT goods. Results of four age groups are compared, which include 32 year olds or under, from ages 33 to 45 years, 46 to 59 years, and over 60 years. The sample consists of 37047 inhabitants of the Colombian territory, grouped by regions (Antioquia, Bogota, Caribbean, Eastern Central, Orinoquia, Amazonia, Pacific, San Andres, and Valle del Cauca). Data have been analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical procedures, contingency tables analyses, and logistic regression, in order to identify and know the effect of age on the level of penetration and use of handheld digital devices when comparing results in young adults and elderly people. Findings show that young adults use these technologies to a greater proportion when compared to older adults, showing a significant correlation between age and the increase of digital gaps in access and social use of handheld digital devices. Results also make evident that digital divide in Colombia may be associated to the place of residence, as people who live in rural zones are the ones who suffer greater from inequalities.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Dementia is expected to affect one million individuals in the United Kingdom by 2025; its prodromal phase may start decades before its clinical onset. The aim of this study is to investigate whether use of internet from 50 years of age is associated with a lower incidence of dementia over a ten-year follow-up. METHODS: We analysed data based on 8,238 dementia free (at baseline in 2002-2004) core participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Information on baseline use of internet was obtained through questionnaires; dementia casesness was based on participant (or informant) reported physician diagnosed dementia or overall score on the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used for examining the relationship between internet use and incident dementia. RESULTS: There were 301 (5.01%) incident dementia cases during the follow-up. After full multivariable adjustment for potential confounding factors, baseline internet use was associated with a 40% reduction in dementia risk assessed between 2006-2012 (HR = 0.60 CI: 0.42-0.85; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that use of internet by individuals aged 50 years or older is associated with a reduced risk of dementia. Additional studies are needed to better understand the potential causal mechanisms underlying this association.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the use of the internet and to identify the sociodemographic and health factors associated with changes in the use of the internet over four years in older adults participating in the Brazilian EpiFloripa Idoso study. METHODS This is a longitudinal home-based, population-based study with 1,197 older adults who live in the urban area of Florianópolis, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. We applied a face-to-face interview. We describe the use of internet according to frequency, place, devices, and motives of the use of the internet. To identify factors associated with changes in the use of the internet, we categorized the outcome as: non-use of the internet, stopped using the internet, started using the internet, and kept using the internet. The independent variables were sex, age, family income, education level, family arrangement, marital status, presence of caregiver, paid work, and cognitive impairment screening. We used multinomial logistic regression with risk ratio (RR) estimates and their respective confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS The prevalence of the use of internet increased from 22.9% in 2009-2010 to 26.6% in 2013-2014. Of the total number of older adults who participated in the study, 7.5% started using the internet, 3.2% stopped using it, 19.1% kept their use, and 70.2% kept their non-use in the analyzed period. Of the older adults who used the internet, most used it every day or almost every day of the week, in their own home, on desktop or portable computers, mainly to send and receive messages, to search for information to learn or investigate something, to find information about goods and services, and to use news, social networking, and health information websites. The factors associated with the use of internet over four years were: being male (RR = 2.19, 95%CI 1.48-3.26), higher monthly family income (RR = 3.53, 95%CI 1.35-9.23), higher education level (RR = 2.64, 95%CI 1.57-4.43), and no presence of caregiver (RR = 0.08, 95%CI 0.02-0.31). CONCLUSIONS Although the use of the internet is increasing among older adults, most of the population is still digitally excluded, especially women with lower income and education level. Strategies that promote the digital inclusion of older adults should be stimulated, aiming to universalize the use of the internet, and they should take into account socioeconomic and gender inequalities.

RESUMO OBJETIVO : Descrever o uso de internet e identificar os fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde associados a mudanças no uso de internet ao longo de quatro anos em idosos participantes do estudo EpiFloripa Idoso. MÉTODOS : Estudo longitudinal de base populacional e domiciliar com 1.197 idosos residentes na área urbana de Florianópolis, SC. Aplicou-se entrevista face a face. A descrição do uso de internet foi realizada segundo a frequêcia, o local, os aparelhos e os motivos de uso da internet. Para identificar os fatores associados a mudanças no uso de internet, o desfecho foi categorizado em: manteve o não uso de internet; passou a não usar internet; passou a usar internet; e manteve o uso de internet. As variáveis independentes foram sexo, idade, renda familiar, escolaridade, arranjo familiar, status conjugal, presença de cuidador, trabalho remunerado e rastreamento de déficit cognitivo. Utilizou-se regressão multinomial logística com estimativas de razão risco relativo (RRR) e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC95%). RESULTADOS : A prevalência de uso de internet aumentou de 22,9% em 2009-2010 para 26,6% em 2013-2014. Do total de idosos participantes do estudo, 7,5% passaram a usar internet, 3,2% deixaram de usar, 19,1% mantiveram o uso e 70,2% mantiveram o não uso no período analisado. Dos idosos que usavam internet, a maioria usava todos os dias ou quase todos os dias da semana, em sua própria casa, em computadores de mesa ou portáteis, com o principal objetivo de enviar e receber mensagens, buscar informações para aprender ou investigar alguma coisa, encontrar informações sobre bens e serviços e usar sites de notícias, de redes sociais e de informações sobre saúde. Os fatores associados à manutenção, ao longo de quatro anos, do uso da internet foram: ser do sexo masculino (RRR = 2,19; IC95% 1,48-3,26), ter maior renda salarial mensal familiar (RRR = 3,53; IC95% 1,35-9,23), ter maior escolaridade (RRR = 2,64; IC95% 1,57-4,43) e não ter cuidador (RRR = 0,08; IC95% 0,02-0,31). CONCLUSÕES : Apesar de o uso da internet estar aumentando entre os idosos, a maior parte dessa população ainda é digitalmente excluída, especialmente as mulheres de menor renda e escolaridade. Estratégias que promovam a inclusão digital de idosos devem ser estimuladas visando à universalização do uso de internet e devem levar em consideração as desigualdades socioeconômicas e de gênero.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumen Los avances tecnológicos aplicados a la información son rápidos y masivos. Los cambios que producen afectan a la interacción del sujeto con el mundo, lo cual exige una constante desconstrucción tecnológica en las rutinas básicas de las personas. Quien no domina estos ciclos queda en desventaja, en comparación con aquellos que consiguen articularse. Apartarse de las Tecnologías de la Información, en la mayoría de los casos, es un estado de restricción derivado de recursos económicos, la infraestructura del contexto, limitaciones en educación y alfabetización informacional, restricciones de acceso a mercados laborales o paradigmas mentales socioculturales. Estas desigualdades crean brechas complejas de naturaleza multidimensional y desarticulan de las TIC a los grupos afectados, uno de los cuales son las mujeres. Este fenómeno se ha denominado la Brecha Digital de Género (BDG). Este artículo presenta esta problemática, introduciendo una recapitulación sobre los antecedentes de la exclusión de la mujer en la historia de la informática, los problemas existentes en cuanto al ingreso femenino en carreras de ingeniería e ingeniería informática y la existencia de condiciones sexistas en el mercado laboral de la industria de la computación. Posteriormente se recapitulan modelos teóricos relevantes referentes a la exclusión digital de género, para finalmente discutir la cuestión sobre la medición de la BDG, debatir sus características, y plantear una propuesta complementaria basada en el mapeo de imaginarios.

Abstract Technological advances applied to information are fast and massive. The consequent changes affect the subject's interaction with the world, demanding a constant technological deconstruction in the basic routines of people. Whoever does not master these cycles is disadvantaged in comparison to those who manage to articulate themselves. Being excluded from Information Technology, in most cases, is a state of constraint derived from economic resources, context infrastructure, information literacy and educational limitations, restrictions of access to labor markets, or socio-cultural paradigms. These inequalities create complex divides as their nature is multidimensional, and disarticulate the affected groups from ICT, i.e. women. Such phenomenon has been called Gender Digital Divide (GDD). This article makes a recapitulation on the antecedents of the exclusion of women from the history of computing, the existing problems regarding female entry in engineering and computer engineering careers, and the existence of sexist conditions in the labor market of the computer industry. Then we summarize relevant theoretical models concerning digital gender exclusion and discuss the measurement of GDG, proposing a complementary perspective based on the mapping of imaginaries.

Resumo Os avanços tecnológicos aplicados à informação são rápidos e maciços. As mudanças que produzem afetam a interação do sujeito com o mundo, o que requer uma constante desconstrução tecnológica nas rotinas básicas das pessoas. Quem não domina esses ciclos é prejudicado, em comparação com aqueles que conseguem se articular. Afastar-se das Tecnologias da Informação, na maioria dos casos, é um estado de restrição derivado dos recursos econômicos, da infraestrutura do contexto, limitações na educação e letramento informacional, restrições ao acesso aos mercados de trabalho ou paradigmas mentais socioculturais. Essas desigualdades criam lacunas complexas de natureza multidimensional e desarticulam os grupos afetados das TIC; um deste grupos são as mulheres. Esse fenômeno é chamado de Exclusão Digital de Gênero (EDG). Este artigo apresenta esta problemática, por meio de uma recapitulação do contexto da exclusão das mulheres na história da informática, dos problemas existentes quanto a entrada feminina em carreiras de engenharia e engenharia da computação, e da existência de condições sexistas no mercado de trabalho da indústria de computação. A continuação, são recapitulados os modelos teóricos relevantes referentes à exclusão digital de gênero, para finalmente debater a questão sobre a medição da EDG, discutir suas características, e propor uma abordagem complementar baseada no mapeamento de imaginários.