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El avance de la tecnología permite realizar cambios en la rehabilitación y estética, reduce los tiempos de trabajo y disminuye los riesgos que se presentan al momento de utilizar materiales convencionales para la toma de impresiones. Existen dos técnicas que se pueden emplear, la analógica y la digital; la primera presenta mayores riesgos que el operador no puede controlar, así como tiempos más prolongados. Este reporte describe la rehabilitación bucal en dos pacientes con desgaste dental, se optó por usar ambas técnicas, la analógica y la digital, como tratamiento; en la primera se empleó el encerado convencional y en la segunda el software Exocad para el encerado digital. Finalmente en ambos casos se aplicó (AU)

The advance of technology has allowed changes in rehabilitation and esthetics, providing shorter working times and reducing the risks that occur when using conventional materials for taking impressions. There are two techniques that can be used, analog and digital, the first one presents greater risks that the operator cannot control, as well as more time. This report describes the oral rehabilitation in patients with dental wear. The treatment was carried out using the analogical and digital techniques, the former using conventional waxing and the latter using Exocad software for the digital waxing; finally, in both cases the injection technique with high-load Flow resin was used (AU)

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INTRODUCTION: Three-dimensional (3D)-printing technology can provide customizable simulations, but its effects on patient care quality have not been well studied. This study aimed to assess the impact of practicing with patient-specific 3D-printed teeth models on the quality of patients' dental preparations performed by students transitioning to clinical training. Accordingly, the quality of posterior crown preparations was evaluated by objectively analyzing digital scans and grades in two groups: the study group, which practiced beforehand with patient-specific 3D-printed teeth models, and the control group, which did not practice with these models. METHODS: All 78 fourth-year dental students who had just finished their fixed prosthodontics course at the simulation laboratory with training on phantom heads and without previous clinical experience in crown preparations were invited to participate in the study. Sixty-eight agreed to take part and were randomly divided into a study group that practiced crown preparations on 3D-printed models of their own patient's teeth and a control group that did not practice with 3D-printed models and started their clinical work straightforwardly after simulation training. Students completed validated perception questionnaires on self-confidence and clinical skills before and after the protocol, which were compared using a chi-squared test. Crown preparations performed on 3D-printed models and then on patients were digitally scanned and objectively graded by prepCheck software for critical parameters, such as undercuts, taper, and occlusion reduction. Non-parametric tests were used to compare preparations on 3D-printed models and on patients performed by the study group and those on patients made by the control group. RESULTS: Initially, both groups reported similar perceptions of self-confidence and clinical skills levels. The study group significantly improved both aspects after the protocol. Analysis of the scanned preparations demonstrated that the study group removed less tooth structure from actual patients than from the initial 3D-printed models. In contrast, the control group showed excess occlusal clearance in their patients compared to the study group. CONCLUSIONS: Practicing patient-specific 3D-printed teeth before performing procedures clinically appears to enhance preparation quality and minimize unnecessary tooth reduction in early clinical experiences.

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The goal of this clinical report was to present an alternative to traditional flat bone reduction guides, using a custom-designed 3-dimensional (3D)-printed guide according to the future gingival margin of the planned dentition. A 61-year-old woman with concerns regarding her smile appearance was presented. The initial examination revealed excessive gingival show accompanied by excessive overjet. The dentition was in a failing situation. The proposed treatment plan, relying on the sufficient amount of bone and keratinized tissue, consisted of recontouring of the alveolar ridge and gingiva and placement of 6 implants and an FP-1 prosthesis after extraction of all remaining maxillary teeth. Digital smile design was completed, and a fully digitally guided surgery was planned. This consisted of using 3 surgical guides, starting with the fixation pin guide, continuing with the scalloped hard- and soft-tissue reduction guide, and finally the implant placement template. Following the surgery, the patient received a temporary restoration, and on the 4-month follow-up, a new polymethyl meta-acrylate temporary prosthesis was delivered. The patient's 7-month follow-up is presented in the article. The report of this triple-template guided surgery indicated that digital 3D planning is a considerably predictable tool to properly establish and evaluate future occlusal plane, smile line, and lip support. Scalloped guides seem to be an excellent alternative to conventional bone reduction guides since they require less bone removal and improve patient comfort during surgery.

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OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to compare provisional single crowns on anterior implants made using conventional PMMA and 3D-printed workflows. The study assessed the occurrence of failures, color variation, signs of early deterioration, operating time, and patients' satisfaction with the treatment through a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: This study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial, following the SPIRIT and CONSORT guidelines. Patients were included in the study after meeting the eligibility criteria and were randomly assigned to one of two groups (conventional and 3D-printed). FDI criteria, visible plaque index (VPI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and color variation were considered as the primary outcomes. Operating time and patient satisfaction were also assessed as secondary outcomes. Fisher's exact test was performed to analyze the association between the primary and secondary outcomes and the study groups. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the mean VAS satisfaction scores between the conventional PMMA and 3D-printed groups (STATA 14™, with an α = 0.05). RESULTS: A total of 42 provisional single crowns (n = 21) were made for 33 patients. Only the fracture parameter (FDI) showed a statistically significant difference, with 3D-printed provisionals exhibiting higher rates of catastrophic failures compared to conventional ones (p = 0.05). Although the operating time for the 3D-printed group was shorter (p < 0.001), no statistical difference observed in patients' satisfaction regarding esthetics, phonetics, chewing, or comfort. SIGNIFICANCE: 3D-printed and conventional PMMA provisional single crowns showed comparable clinical performance, except for the observed fracture types. Although 3D-printed provisional restorations showed a shorter operating time, overall patients' satisfaction was not affected.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of models of partially edentulous arches obtained by three-dimensional (3D) printing. Settings and Design: This was an in vitro study. Materials and Methods: Fifteen partially edentulous models were evaluated, using two methods of measuring dimensions: virtual, using the Standard Tessellation Language files of the models and software (control group), and physical, through printing the models and digital caliper (test group). For both methods, measurements were made regarding the dimensions of the teeth (width and length - buccal/lingual or palatal/occlusal) and distances between the teeth. Statistical Analysis Used: For the variable of linear measurements (width and length) and distances between teeth of the same hemiarch, the Wilcoxon test was used, while for the variable between opposite hemiarches, the paired t-test was used. Results: In the evaluation of the linear measurements, a significant difference was observed only when the width of the molar tooth was analyzed (P = 0.014). When the buccal length was measured, all teeth had linear measurements provided by the virtual method that was lower than the physical (P = 0.000), as well as the lingual/palatal length in incisors (P = 0.003) and molars (P = 0.009) and in total (P = 0.001). As for the analyses between teeth, no difference was identified between the measurements provided by the virtual method compared to the physical one. Conclusions: The 3D printer used to print partially edentulous models provided linear distortions in the teeth but without changes in the distances between teeth of the same hemiarch and between teeth of opposite hemiarches.

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RESUMEN En el presente trabajo se describe la percepción del estudiante y del docente sobre el proceso de introducción de la tecnología CAD-CAM en la educación dental. Se realizó un estudio transversal y descriptivo; para el recojo de datos se utilizó dos cuestionarios validados por juicio de expertos y se aplicaron estadísticas descriptivas. Se obtuvo que el 57,9 % de los estudiantes y el 37,5 % de los docentes consideraron que la enseñanza de la tecnología CAD-CAM debería empezar en el tercer año de estudios; las capacitaciones fueron de utilidad tanto para estudiantes como para docentes; y esta tecnología sería un procedimiento de elección para el tratamiento con prótesis fija si lo tuvieran disponible. Se concluye que los estudiantes y los docentes tienen una percepción positiva sobre la introducción de la tecnología CAD-CAM en los cursos clínicos de la carrera de Odontología y sería un recurso de elección para el tratamiento con prótesis fija.

ABSTRACT This paper describes the student and teacher's perceptions of the process of introducing CAD-CAM technology in dental education. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out; two questionnaires validated by expert judgment were used for data collection, and descriptive statistics were applied. It was obtained that 57.9 % of the students and 37.5 % of the teachers considered that the teaching of CAD-CAM technology should begin in the third year of studies; the training was helpful for both students and teachers, and this technology would be a procedure of choice for treatment with fixed prosthesis if they had it available. It is concluded that students and teachers positively perceive the introduction of CAD-CAM technology in the clinical courses of the dental career, and it would be a resource of choice for fixed prosthesis treatment.

RESUMO Este artigo descreve as percepções dos estudantes e dos professores sobre o processo de introdução da tecnologia CAD-CAM no ensino da medicina dentária. Foi efetuado um estudo transversal e descritivo; para a recolha de dados foram utilizados dois questionários validados por avaliação de peritos e foi aplicada estatística descritiva. Verificou-se que 57,9% dos estudantes e 37,5% dos professores consideravam que o ensino da tecnologia CAD-CAM deveria começar no terceiro ano de estudos; as formações foram úteis tanto para os estudantes como para os professores; e esta tecnologia seria um procedimento de eleição para o tratamento protético fixo, se disponível. Conclui-se que os estudantes e professores têm uma percepção positiva sobre a introdução da tecnologia CAD-CAM nos cursos clínicos de medicina dentária e que esta seria um recurso de eleição para o tratamento protético fixo.

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The development of digital technologies has allowed for the fabrication of new materials; however, it makes it difficult to choose the best methods to obtain occlusal splints with optimal properties, so it is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of these materials. The aim of the study is to compare the fracture resistance of occlusal splints made of different materials after thermo-mechanical aging. METHODS: A total of 32 samples were made from 4 materials (two 3D printed polymeric materials, a PMMA disc for CAD/CAM, and a conventional heat-cured acrylic resin); subsequently, the fracture test was performed using the load compression mode applied occlusally on the splint surface. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Four statistical tests were used (Shapiro-Wilk, Levene's test, ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD test). RESULTS: The following study showed that there are differences in fracture strength among the four materials investigated, where the highest strength was observed in the milled splint, with a mean of 3051.2 N (newton) compared to the strength of the flexible splint with 1943.4 N, the printed splint with 1489.9 N, and the conventional acrylic splint with 1303.9 N. CONCLUSIONS: The milled splints were the most resistant to fracture. Of the printed splints, the splint made with flexural rigid resin withstood the applied forces in acceptable ranges, so its clinical indication may be viable. Although the results of this research indicated differences in the mechanical properties between the CAD/CAM and conventional fabrication methods, the selection may also be influenced by processing time and cost, since with a CAD/CAM system there is a significant reduction in the production time of the splint material.

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OBJECTIVE: This clinical case describes a completely digital workflow using current digital technologies for a full-mouth adhesive rehabilitation with ultra-translucent multilayer zirconia restorations. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: A healthy 60-year-old man with abfractions on all upper and lower molars and severe tooth wear underwent a full-mouth rehabilitation with laminate veneers and partial adhesive restorations. A proper zirconia bonding protocol was realized to provide a durable bond between the ultra-translucent zirconia and the resin cement. Furthermore, the implementation of a digital workflow enables the clinician to have an effective communication during treatment planning and simplify the clinical and laboratory procedures, providing the patient with long-term esthetic treatment and functional results. CONCLUSION: The implementation of a completely digital workflow and the use of ultra-translucent multilayer zirconia for indirect adhesive restorations can be an alternative with simplified and predictable procedures for patients with dental wear and teeth discolorations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The digital workflow described is intended to facilitate the planning and execution of a full-mouth adhesive rehabilitation and demonstrates to clinicians a reliable zirconia bonding concept for minimally invasive anterior and posterior restorations.

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Quais as mudanças e descobertas que revolucionaram a Odontologia ao longo do tempo? A adesão, osseointegração, ortodontia e a tecnologia CAD/CAM estão entre essas grandes mudanças. Neste primeiro editorial de 2023 trazemos essa reflexão para o período que se inicia.

What changes and discoveries have revolutionized dentistry over time? Adhesion, osseointegration, orthodontics and CAD/CAM technology are among these major changes. In this first editorial of 2023, we bring this reflection to the period that begins.

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O ensino do fluxo digital com escâners na pós-graduação e especialização já é consagrado, mas existe uma lacuna em sua utilização no ensino da graduação. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade do escaneamento intraoral no ensino superior em odontologia em uma universidade pública moldagem, através de três diferentes perspectivas: o professor do curso de graduação, o aluno de graduação e o paciente submetido ao procedimento. Foram desenvolvidos e aplicados três questionários distintos aos participantes voluntários, 25 pacientes responderam 18 questões, 27 alunos responderam 7 perguntas e 11 professores responderam 8 questões. Para análise estatística foi realizado o teste de correlação de Pearson entre as percepções nas variáveis envolvendo cada um dos procedimentos, e também foi realizado o teste T (p <0,05). Foi encontrada correlação estatística entrenáusea e tempo de procedimento, e também entre náusea e gosto do material de moldagem. Os resultados descritivos mostraram que os pacientes apresentaram idade variada (7 anos a 73 anos), preferência pelo escaneamento, no procedimento como um todo, tamanho da peça em boca, registro oclusal, tempo clínico, gosto e náusea. Os alunos possuíam idade entre 21 e 31 anos, sendo que 85% precisaram repetir a moldagem e 19 se sentiram parcialmente confortáveis ao moldar. A idade dos professores variou entre 30 e 59 anos. Todos os professores precisaram intervir na moldagem e 81% acreditam que os alunos conseguiram finalizar bem o procedimento. Todos os alunos e professores avaliaram como importante a inserção do escaneamento na graduação. Em relação aos custos da Universidade, o escaneamento demonstrou ter o menor custo devido à quantidade de repetições realizadas na clínica de graduação. A inovação do projeto foi a possibilidade de se comparar custos, conforto e tempo clínico, promovendo impacto em ambientes multidisciplinares e na universidade. Conclui-se que para o paciente o escaneamento foi melhor que a moldagem, e para os alunos e professores, é importante o ensino de novas tecnologias na graduação (AU)

The teaching of digital flow with scanners in postgraduate and specialization courses is already well-established, but there is a gap in its use in undergraduate teaching. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of intraoral scanning in undergraduate dental education at a public university, from three different perspectives: the undergraduate teacher, the undergraduate student and the patient who underwent the procedure. Three different questionnaires were developed and applied to the volunteer participants: 25 patients answered 18 questions, 27 students answered 7 questions and 11 teachers answered 8 questions. For statistical analysis, Pearson's correlation test was carried out between the perceptions of the variables involving each of the procedures, and the T-test was also carried out (p<0.05). A statistical correlation was found between nausea and procedure time, and also between nausea and the taste of the impression material. The descriptive results showed that the patients varied in age (7 years to 73 years), preference for scanning, the procedure as a whole, mouthpiece size, occlusal registration, clinical time, taste and nausea. The students ranged in age from 21 to 31, 85% had to repeat the impression and 19 felt partially comfortable taking the impression. The teachers' ages ranged from 30 to 59. All the teachers had to intervene in the molding and 81% believed that the students were able to finish the procedure well. All the students and teachers considered the introduction of scanning in the undergraduate program to be important. In terms of the university's costs, scanning proved to be the least expensive due to the number of repetitions carried out in the undergraduate clinic. The innovation of the project was the possibility of comparing costs, comfort and clinical time, promoting impact in multidisciplinary environments and at the university. The conclusion is that scanning was better for the patient than impression taking, and for students and teachers, it is important to teach new technologies in undergraduate courses (AU)

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BACKGROUND: Limited evidence exists regarding the accuracy of implant analog position in printed models, particularly when implant analogs with varying designs are used. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of digital implant analog (DIA) design on the trueness of their position in additively manufactured digital implant models (DIMs) and to compare with that of a conventional implant analog in a stone cast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A dentate maxillary model with a conventional implant analog (Nobel Biocare Implant Replica 4.3 mm CC RP) at left second premolar site was digitized by using a laboratory scanner (3Shape D2000) and a (SB) scan body to generate the master standard tessellation language (STL) file (M0). 12 custom trays were fabricated on M0 file and conventional polyvinylsiloxane impressions of the model were made. All impressions were poured after inserting conventional implant analogs (Nobel RP Implant Replica) (Group A). Model was then digitized with an intraoral scanner (TRIOS 3) and the same SB, and DIMs with three different DIA designs (Nobel Biocare [Group B], Elos [Group C], and NT-trading [Group D]) were generated (Dental System-Model Builder). 12 DIMs of each design were additively manufactured and corresponding DIAs were inserted. All models were digitized by using the same laboratory scanner and SB, and these STLs were transferred to a 3D analysis software (Geomagic Control X), where the STL files of the models were superimposed over M0. Linear and 3D deviations at three selected points on SB (implant-abutment connection, most cervical point on SB, and most coronal point on SB) as well as angular deviations on two planes (buccolingual and mesiodistal) were calculated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni corrected t-tests were used to analyze the trueness of implant analog positions (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The interaction of main effects significantly affected linear (p < 0.001) and angular deviations (p = 0.020). At point 1, group D had higher deviations than groups A and B (p ≤ 0.015). In addition, groups A and D had higher deviations than group B at point 4 (p < 0.001). While group C had similar linear deviations to those of other groups at point 1 and point 4 (p ≥ 0.192), the differences among test groups at point 2 were nonsignificant (p ≥ 0.276). Group B had lower angular deviations than groups C (p = 0.039) and D (p = 0.006) on buccolingual plane. CONCLUSIONS: Analog design affected the trueness of analog position as proprietary, pressure/friction fit DIA (group B) had higher linear trueness than screw-retained DIA (Group D) and conventional implant analog (group A). In addition, pressure/friction fit DIA had the highest angular trueness among tested DIAs.

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Background:Traditional dental scanners require a heavy investment, representing a high barrier of entry into digital dentistry. Photogrammetric-based scanners may represent an affordable cost-effective alternative to traditional dental scanners used for the digitalization of plaster models. Photogrammetry is the science of extracting 3D information from photographs. The process involves taking overlapping photographs of an object or space and converting them into 2D or 3D digital models. Objective:This review aimedto identify and appraise the reported accuracy of photogrammetric-generated digital dental models.Materials and methods:A search strategy was applied in 3 databases (Medline, Web of Science and Scopus), from Feb 1 2021 to Dec 1 2021, the search was limited to articles in English published in the last 5 years about studies evaluating the dimensional accuracy of 3-dimensional digital models acquired by the scanning of plaster models with photogrammetric technologies.Results:Two independent reviewers screened 75 records on basis of titles and abstracts for assessment against the inclusion criteria for the review, 4 articles were deemed eligible, the risk of bias for the selected articles was measured, data extraction was performed by only one author.Conclusion:With today's technology, based on the four studies evaluated, we conclude that photogrammetric-generated digital models while lacking accuracy for incorporation into the treatment flow, in the future it could be used for diagnostic, planning, and achieving.

Antecedentes:Los escáneres dentales tradicionales requieren una gran inversión, lo que representa una gran barrera de entrada a la odontología digital. Los escáneres basados en fotogrametría pueden representar una alternativa asequible y rentable a los escáneres dentales tradicionales utilizados para la digitalización de modelos de yeso. La fotogrametría es la ciencia de extraer información 3D de fotografías. El proceso implica tomar fotografías superpuestas de un objeto o espacio y convertirlas en modelos digitales 2D o 3D.Objetivo:esta revisión tuvo como objetivo identificar y evaluar la precisión informada de los modelos dentales digitales generados fotogramétricamente.Materiales y métodos:Se aplicó una estrategia de búsqueda en 3 bases de datos (Medline, Web of Science y Scopus), del 1 de febrero de 2021 al 1 de diciembre de 2021, la búsqueda se limitó a artículos en inglés publicados en los últimos 5 años sobre estudios que evalúan la dimensión precisión de modelos digitales tridimensionales adquirida por el escaneo de modelos de yeso con tecnologías fotogramétricas.Resultados:dos revisores independientes examinaron 75 registros sobre la base de títulos y resúmenes para evaluarlos según los criterios de inclusión para la revisión, 4 artículos se consideraron elegibles, se midió el riesgo de sesgo de los artículos seleccionados, la extracción de datos fue realizada por un solo autor.Conclusión:con la tecnología actual, con base en los cuatro estudios evaluados, concluimos que los modelos digitales generados por fotogrametría si bien carecen de precisión para incorporarlos al flujo de tratamiento, en el futuro podrían usarse para el diagnóstico, la planificación y el logro.

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PURPOSE: This in vitro study evaluated the dimensional accuracy of three 3D printers and one milling machine with their respective polymeric materials using a simplified geometrical model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A simplified computer-aided design (CAD) model was created. The test samples were fabricated with three 3D printers: a dental desktop stereolithography (SLA) printer, an industrial SLA printer, and an industrial fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer, as well as a 5-axis milling machine. One polymer material was used per industrial printer and milling machine while two materials were used with the dental printer for a total of five study groups. Test specimens were then digitized using a laboratory scanner. The virtual outer caliper method was used to measure the linear dimensions of the digitized 3D printed and milled specimens in x-, y-, and z-axes, and compare them to the known values of the CAD model. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA on Ranks followed by the Tukey's test. RESULTS: Milled specimens were not significantly different from the CAD model in any dimension (p > 0.05). All 3D printed specimens were significantly different from the CAD model in all dimensions (p = 0.01), except the dental SLA 3D printer with one of the polymers tested (Bis-GMA) which was not significantly different in two (x and z) dimensions (p = 0.4 and p = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS: The milling technology tested provided greater dimensional accuracy than the selected 3D printing. Printer, printing technology, and material selection affected the accuracy of the printed model.

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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to provide information on the accuracy of exported digital files with the different resolutions available in the CEREC 4.6.2 software obtained by means of an intraoral scanner (IOS), in addition to establishing differences between materialized models with different exported resolutions, and how these different exported files can influence finite element analysis (FEA) simulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The upper complete arch of 10 patients was scanned through an IOS (CEREC Omnicam 1.0/Dentsply Sirona). Files of three resolution meshes digitalized by a CAD software (Cerec SW, 4.6.2) high, medium and low (IOSH, IOSM, and IOSL) were exported. Each file was evaluated by a software (NETFABB) about the number of triangles obtained and compared with the number announced by the manufacturer. Also, with a superimposition with a specialized software (GEOMAGIC X), the digital models were compared. The files of each resolution were printed (Sprintray 3D Printer), and the printed models were scanned with IOS (Omnicam 1.0) and compared with the control group (intraoral scanned high-resolution file, IOSH). FEA simulations were imported into COMSOL and analyzed under different loading conditions. RESULTS: The number of exported triangles coincided with that reported by the manufacturer. The digital models from files of different resolution did not show significant differences (less than 1.5 um) between each other. Models printed (H, M, L) from files of the same resolution mesh (H, M, L) did not show significant differences between them either in partial measures of the arch and neither in the complete arch. FEA showed significant differences in stress concentration between different exported models. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Digital models can be exported and printed in three resolutions of the mesh, without differences clinically significative. On the other hand, for future FEA applications further research should be performed in order to determine the optimal number of triangles.

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3D printing is a technology that describes a manufacturing process previously planned and designed in a computer to create an object 1,2. This technology was introduced in dentistry by Chuck Hull since 1986 and allowed the automation and thus improved dental workflow 2. Technologies used in 3D printing involves: Stereolithography (SLA), bioprinting, fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and PolyJet printing. We can choose one of them depending on the clinical use and material, need of accuracy among others. To 3D printing you need to use a scanner with an integrated software in order to capture the 3D images of the object being scanned. Those 3D images are stored in Standard Tessellation Language (STL) file 3. But what "Tessellation" means? Tessellation is the covering process of a surface, using one or more geometric shapes, with no overlaps and no gaps. It meansthat the object scanned is copied in detail with high reliability and then can be printed.

La impresión 3D es una tecnología que describe un proceso de fabricación previamente planificado y diseñado en un computador para crear un objeto. Esta tecnología fue introducida en odontología por Chuck Hull desde 1986 y permitió la automatización y, por lo tanto, mejoró el flujo de trabajo del consultorio. Las tecnologías utilizadas en la impresión 3D incluyen: estereolitografía (SLA), bioimpresión, modelado por deposición fundida (FDM), sinterización selectiva por láser (SLS) e impresión PolyJet. Podemoselegir uno de ellos dependiendo del uso clínico y material, necesidad de precisión entre otros.Para la impresión 3D, debe usar un escáner con un software integrado para capturar las imágenes 3D del objeto que se escanea. Esas imágenes 3D se almacenan en el archivo de Lenguaje estándar de teselado (STL). Pero, ¿qué significa "Teselado"? El teselado es el proceso de recubrimiento de una superficie, utilizando una o más formas geométricas, sin superposiciones ni espacios. Significa que el objeto escaneado secopia en detalle con alta confiabilidad y luego se puede imprimir.

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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the marginal and internal fit of pressed lithium disilicate veneers fabricated from a 3D printed castable wax resin versus a manual waxing technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A typodont model central incisor was prepared for a porcelain veneer. Following stone model fabrication from a polyvinyl siloxane impression, the model was digitized using a laboratory scanner. Group 1 veneers were designed digitally and 3D printed with a castable wax resin, then pressed. Group 2 veneers were fabricated using a manual wax and press approach. Veneers from both groups were bonded to printed dies. Following measurements of marginal adaptation under a stereo microscope, the dies were sectioned and measurements were made for internal adaption. Statistical analysis included a Kolmogorov test and a Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Average marginal gap (µm) for Group 1 was 40.37 ± 11.75 and 50.63 ± 16.99 for Group 2 (p = 0.51). Average internal gap (µm) for Group 1 was 61.21 ± 18.20 and 68.03 ± 14.07 for Group 2 (p = 0.178). CONCLUSION: There was no difference in marginal fit or internal fit between pressed lithium disilicate veneers fabricated with a 3D printed castable resin and those fabricated with a manual waxing technique. The use of digital technologies and 3D printing provide significant advantages in the fabrication of pressed glass ceramic veneers, with marginal and internal adaptation comparable to manual wax and press techniques.

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Several treatment options for replacement of anterior missing teeth exist, varying from no-prep (no preparation) adhesive restorations to implants. Patients' biological, psychological, economic conditions or age have an effect on the treatment choice. It is important to perform the most conservative and beneficial treatment option considering the patient based factors. The aim of this case report was to demonstrate a single session, minimally invasive, cantilevered 2-unit all-ceramic restorations replacing anterior missing teeth combined with the advantages of CAD/CAM technology and materials. (AU)

Existem várias opções de tratamento para reabilitação de dentes anteriores ausentes, variando de restaurações adesivas sem preparo (sem preparação) até implantes. As condições biológicas, psicológicas, econômicas ou a idade dos pacientes têm um efeito na escolha do tratamento. É importante realizar a opção de tratamento mais conservadora e benéfica, considerando os fatores baseados no paciente. O objetivo deste relato de caso foi demonstrar em sessão única, minimamente invasiva, um cantiléver de restaurações de cerâmica pura de 2 unidades, reabilitando a região de dentes anteriores ausentes combinadas com as vantagens da tecnologia CAD/CAM.(AU)

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The objective of the present report is to illustrate a proof-of-concept protocol for CAD/CAM fabrication of milled verification jigs during full-arch implant rehabilitation using photogrammetry for data acquisition. The present report aims to bridge the gap between analog and digital workflows by introducing a CAD/CAM technique to intraorally verify digitally acquired information without the use of the technique-sensitive and labor-intensive conventional resin verification jig. One patient was treated with a digital prosthodontic protocol where a digitally designed CAD/CAM milled verification jig (generated from intraoral digital scans) was used to confirm implant 3D positioning prior to the fabrication of double full-arch monolithic definitive zirconia prostheses. The procedures are presented step-by-step after clinical and radiographic observation.

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INTRODUCTION: Digital workflow is currently available for different fields of dentistry. Additionally, to clinical use, digital technology is focused on the education and training of students. The objective of this study was to show the potential benefit of the use of digital CAD / CAM technology and assisted training software in the evaluation and improvement of student skills in preclinical and clinical environments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 models of dental preparations were digitalised and analysed by PrepCheck software, after that was used the PrepCheck Report tool, gathering the results of the analysis in an automatically created report and containing the following parameters: analysis of the conicity, distance between a preparation and the opposing jaw, analysis of the type of preparation, quality of the margin and total occlusal convergence. RESULTS: The use of the PrepCheck Pro 2.1 software makes evident the errors made by the students during the biomechanical preparation, since they generally change the inclination, in order to have less difficulties to comply with the parameters established in the preparations. Regarding the evaluated parameters for anterior and posterior fixed prosthesis) such as: 'Conicity', 'Type of preparation' and 'Distance to the antagonist', the preparations, in their majority, were classified within the tolerance range with of 50-60%, 80-93% and 53-67%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This pilot study demonstrated the benefits of using software and CAD/CAM technology in both preclinical and clinical environments for teaching and learning. Its use on preclinical environments allows the student observe qualitatively and quantitatively a preparation flaws when compared to a master's preparation. Lastly, the ease of visualising errors associated with magnification would allow students to improve their skills.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um material instrucional para a Academia Odontológica Digital (AOD) da Odontoclínica Central do Exército (OCEx), na forma de um e-book, direcionado aos alunos dos Estágios de Capacitação Profissional da Diretoria de Saúde do Exército (PROCAP), aos Estágios acadêmicos supervisionados realizados na OCEx e aos Oficiais Dentistas que fazem parte do efetivo da OCEx. A metodologia utilizada para a elaboração deste manual foi o levantamento bibliográfico puramente descritivo que abordasse a tecnologia CAD/CAM e o seu uso na Odontologia, fazendo uma contextualização histórica do surgimento da tecnologia CAD/CAM e descrevendo os conceitos relativos ao assunto, dando ênfase na Odontologia Restauradora. Em complemento ao material instrucional foi editado um vídeo demonstrativo de uma sequência completa de escaneamento e fresagem de uma coroa total em porcelana de um dente preparado em manequim articulado, atingindo desta maneira os objetivos propostos por esta dissertação. (AU)

The objective of this work was to develop an instructional material for the Digital Dental Academy (OAD) of the Central Odontoclinic of the Army ( OCEx) , in the form of an e-book directed to the students of the Professional Training Internshipis of the Army Health Directorate ( PROCAP) to the supervised academic Internshipis carried out at OCEx and to the Dental Officers who are part of the OCEx staff. A methodology used for the preparation of this purely descriptive bibliographic that addressed the CAD/CAM technology and its use in Dentistry, making a historical contextualization of the emergence of CAD/CAM technology describing the concepts related to the subject, emphasizing Restorative Dentistry. In addition to the instructional material, a video demonstrating a complete sequence of scanning and milling of a complete crown of a tooth prepared on an articulated mannequin was edited, thus achieving the objectives proposed by this dissertation. (AU)

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