RESUMO
Introduction: Depressive syndrome (DS) is a common complication during pregnancy and the postpartum period, and is triggered by multiple organic/genetic and environmental factors. Clinical and biochemical follow-up is essential for the early diagnosis and prognosis of DS. The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii causes infectious damage to the fetus during parasite primary-infection. However, in long-term infections, pregnant women develop immune protection to protect the fetus, although they remain susceptible to pathological or inflammatory effects induced by T. gondii. This study aimed to investigate plasma inflammatory biomarkers in pregnant women seropositive and seronegative for T. gondii, with diagnoses of minor and moderate/severe DS. Methods: Pregnant women (n=45; age=18-39 years) were recruited during prenatal care at health centers in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Participants were asked to complete a socio-demographic questionnaire to be submitted to well-standardized DS scale calculators (Beck Depression Inventory Questionnaire, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and Major Depressive Episode Module). Additionally, 4 mL of blood was collected for plasma neuroserpin, CCL2, IL-17A, and IL-33 analysis. Results: Pregnant volunteers with chronic T. gondii contact were all IgG+ (44%; n=21) and exhibited increased plasma IL-33, IL-17A, and neuroserpin levels, but not CCL2, compared to uninfected pregnant women. Using Beck's depression inventory, we observed an increase in plasma IL-17A and IL-33 in women with T. gondii infeCction diagnosed with mild DS, whereas neuroserpin was associated with minor and moderate/severe DS. Discussion: Our data suggest a close relationship between DS in pregnant women with chronic T. gondii infection and neurological conditions, which may be partially mediated by plasma neuroserpin, IL-33, and IL-17A levels.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Interleucina-17 , Interleucina-33 , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmose , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Interleucina-17/sangue , Adulto , Toxoplasmose/sangue , Toxoplasmose/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmose/imunologia , Toxoplasmose/psicologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Interleucina-33/sangue , Adulto Jovem , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Adolescente , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/sangue , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/imunologia , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Depressão/sangue , Depressão/imunologia , Depressão/diagnósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Identify externalizing and internalizing behaviors in high school adolescents in three schools in a northern border city in Mexico and their type of family. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. LOCATION: Three schools in the city of Tijuana, Mexico: two public and one private. PARTICIPANTS: 454 baccalaureate students 14-19 years old. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: We utilized Youth Self Report Scale, adapted and validated in Spanish, that measure internalization behaviors (anxiety, depression, isolation or somatic complaints), and externalization behaviors (verbal aggressiveness, delinquent behavior and attention-seeking). For dichotomous discrimination between deviant and nondeviant scores, we use the borderline clinical range by classifying YSR scale's T scores≥60, and to analyze the relationship between behavior problems or competencies and living or not in a nuclear family we utilized multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: 55% were female, mean age 16.4 years±0.98, and 62.3% came from a nuclear family. Prevalence of internalizing behaviors was 15.6%, and externalizing behaviors 14.8%. Women had statistically higher mean scores in depressive, anxious and verbally aggressive behavior, somatic complaints, and thought problems. The prevalence of internalizing behaviors in adolescents with nuclear family was 11.7% (n=33), and for adolescents with another type of family was 22.2% (n=38), OR 2.17 (CI 95% 1.30-3.61, p=0.003), but no differences was observed for externalizing behaviors and family type. When adjusted for sex, age, and public or private school, internalizing behaviors and specifically depressive behavior remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: We detected a moderate prevalence of internalizing behaviors in Mexican adolescents, predominantly among women, and also observed that not living with a nuclear family increases the odds of presenting internalizing behaviors. It is important that parents, teachers, and healthcare workers remain vigilant to detect these problems in a timely manner and develop interventions to improve the mental health and well-being of adolescents.
Assuntos
Ansiedade , Instituições Acadêmicas , Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , México/epidemiologia , Transtornos de AnsiedadeRESUMO
The number of au-pairs in Germany is on the rise. In 2017, about 13,500 au-pairs were living in German families, almost half of them originating from non-European Union (EU) countries and many of them from Spanish speaking countries. Knowledge about mental health among au-pairs in Germany is limited. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of Major Depressive Syndrome (MDS) and its potential association with time of residence among Spanish speaking au-pairs living in Germany via an exploratory analysis. This study included a sample of 409 Spanish speaking au-pairs living in Germany. We classified the au-pairs into those who lived less than three weeks in Germany (newcomer au-pairs) and those who lived more than three weeks (experienced au-pairs). The participants were recruited by an online survey (Facebook and Instagram) from August 2018 to June 2019. Socio-demographic characteristics, time of residence in Germany and the level of education were assessed. MDS was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire depression module (PHQ-9). Poisson regression models were calculated to evaluate the association between time of residence in Germany and prevalence of MDS. Most of the participants were female (91%). Almost half of them came from Colombia (48%) and were in the age range between 22-24 years (40%). Prevalence of MDS was 8% among newcomers and 19% among experienced au-pairs (p = 0.002). Differences remained statistically significant after adjustment for potential confounders (age, level of education and time of residence in Germany) (prevalence ratio 2.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.22-4.14). In conclusion, au-pairs may develop mental symptoms during their time abroad. Future prospective studies should aim at identifying potential risk factors and preventive measures.
Assuntos
Cuidado da Criança/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Emprego/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Colômbia/etnologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio experimental, de tipo intervención terapéutica, en 35 pacientes con síndrome depresivo, atendidos en el Centro de Desarrollo de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba, desde agosto de 2010 hasta febrero de 2011, con vistas a determinar la efectividad de los remedios homeopáticos. En la serie predominaron las mujeres mayores de 35 años de edad (80,0 %), las enfermedades reumáticas y de la vía digestiva como antecedentes patológicos personales más comunes, acompañados de cansancio, fatiga y depresión, así como las alteraciones del sueño como síntomas psicológicos más frecuentes; asimismo, los remedios más usados resultaron ser: Natrum muriaticum, Aurum metallicum y Pulsatilla. La evolución favorable de los afectados puso de manifiesto la utilidad de esta terapia para disminuir la depresión.
An experimental study, of therapeutic intervention type was carried out in 35 patients with depressive syndrome, assisted in the Center of Development for Natural and Traditional Medicine at "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from August, 2010 to February, 2011, aimed at determining the effectiveness of the homeopathic remedies. In the series, women older than 35 years of age (80.0%), the rheumatic and digestive diseases as the most common pathological and personal histories prevailed, accompanied by fatigue, and depression, as well as the changes in sleep as the most frequent psychological symptoms; also, the most used remedies turned out to be: Natrum muriaticum, Aurum metallicum and Pulsatilla. The favorable clinical course of the affected patients showed the usefulness of this therapy to decrease depression.