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Objective: To determine the difference between patients and dentists regarding the assessment of attributes for choosing a dental center in Trujillo, Peru. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving a sample of 162 dentists and 162 patients from the Trujillo province in Peru. The data was collected through a virtual questionnaire, validated by experts, and assessed for reliability. Statistical analysis was performed using the U-Mann Whitney and Spearman correlation tests, with a significance level set at 5%. Results: Patients, in comparison to dentists, demonstrated a greater preference for selecting a dental center where the practitioner is a recognized specialist (p<0.001). Similarly, patients showed a preference for centers offering expedited appointments, advanced technology, and equipment, providing affordable and flexible payment options, free consultations, and having convenient parking and comfortable facilities (p<0.05). Conversely, dentists perceived that the most valued attribute by patients is the recommendation of the dentist (p=0.031). Conclusions: When choosing a dental center, patients primarily value attributes related to both the professional responsible for care and administrative management. Conversely, dentists consider the main factor influencing a patient's choice of dental center to be recommendations of the dentist. Valoración de los atributos para la elección de un centro odontológico en Trujillo, Perú: pacientes versus odontólogos

Objetivo: Determinar la diferencia entre pacientes y odontólogos con respecto a la valoración de atributos para la elección de un centro odontológico en Trujillo. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal comparativo con una muestra de 162 odontólogos y 162 pacientes de la provincia Trujillo (Perú). La data fue recogida a través de un cuestionario virtual, sometido a validación por expertos y prueba de confiabilidad. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante las pruebas U-Mann Whitney y correlación de Spearman, considerando un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultado: Los pacientes, con respecto a los odontólogos, mostraron mayor valoración para la elección del centro odontológico cuando el profesional es especialista y reconocido (p<0.001); así mismo, cuando se le brindan citas rápidas, se usa tecnología y equipamiento adecuados, se brindan facilidades de pago con precios bajos y consultas gratuitas, y el centro cuenta con estacionamiento y espacios cómodos (p<0.05). Por su parte, los odontólogos consideran que el atributo más valorado por los pacientes es que el profesional sea recomendado (p=0.031). Conclusión: Para la elección del centro odontológico, los pacientes valoraron en mayor medida los atributos relacionados al profesional responsable de la atención y la gestión administrativa. Por otro lado, los odontólogos consideraron preferentemente que el atributo principal para la elección del centro odontológico por parte del paciente es que el odontólogo haya sido recomendado.

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A partir de la declaración de la Organización Mundial de la Salud del comienzo de la pandemia COVID-19 causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 en marzo de 2020, los profesionales de la salud se vieron expuestos a esta enfermedad altamente contagiosa y potencialmente mortal que generó múltiples desafíos a toda la comunidad científica. Provocando cambios de paradigmas en la atención de los pacientes y en el uso de las barreras de protección personal. A nivel mundial se crearon múltiples protocolos para la atención odontológica a medida que se iba desarrollando e investigando el comportamiento del virus. Esta revisión bibliográfica resume las indicaciones y recomendaciones basadas en las evidencias disponibles para disminuir las posibilidades de contaminación ante la exposición a este virus, incluyendo medidas a utilizar desde el ingreso del paciente, los métodos de protección personal, la descontaminación y esterilización del material, así como también la desinfección del área de trabajo. Aunque se ha hecho un gran esfuerzo por mejorar los procesos de bioseguridad a nivel científico tecnológico, hay evidencias de que el factor humano sigue siendo el eslabón más débil de esta cadena.

Since the declaration by the World Health Organization of the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in March 2020, health professionals were exposed to this highly contagious and potentially fatal disease that generated multiple challenges to the entire scientific community. It caused paradigm shifts in patient care and in the use of personal protective barriers. Multiple protocols for dental care were created worldwide as the behavior of the virus was developed and investigated. This bibliographic review summarizes the indications and recommendations based on the available evidence to reduce the possibilities of contamination when exposed to this virus, including measures to be used from patient admission, personal protection methods, decontamination and sterilization of material, as well as disinfection of the work area. Although a great effort has been made to improve biosafety processes at the scientific and technological level, there is evidence that the human factor continues to be the weakest link in this chain.

Desde a declaração pela Organização Mundial da Saúde do início da pandemia de COVID-19 causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 em março de 2020, os profissionais de saúde foram expostos a essa doença altamente contagiosa e potencialmente fatal, que criou vários desafios para toda a comunidade científica. Ela causou mudanças de paradigma no atendimento ao paciente e no uso de barreiras de proteção individual. Em todo o mundo, vários protocolos para atendimento odontológico foram criados à medida que o comportamento do vírus foi desenvolvido e pesquisado. Esta revisão da literatura resume as indicações e recomendações baseadas em evidências para reduzir a probabilidade de contaminação por exposição a esse vírus, incluindo medidas a serem usadas desde a admissão do paciente, métodos de proteção individual, descontaminação e esterilização de equipamentos, bem como desinfecção da área de trabalho. Embora muitos esforços tenham sido feitos para melhorar os processos de biossegurança em nível científico e tecnológico, há evidências de que o fator humano continua sendo o elo mais fraco dessa cadeia.

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RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la contaminación microbiana durante la atención odontológica por la producción de aerosoles y salpicaduras. Metodología: De tipo documental, bibliográfica. La búsqueda se realizó a través de las bases de datos PubMed y Scopus. Considerando los lineamientos de la declaración PRISMA obteniendo un total de 221 artículos. Posteriormente se aplicaron los criterios de exclusión como de inclusión, obteniendo un total de 25 artículos. Resultados: La carga microbiana presente en el ambiente odontológico ha sido analizada de manera cuantitativa a través de las Unidades Formadoras de Colonias (UFC) en diferentes espacios y superficies de las clínicas dentales. En conclusión: La contaminación microbiológica asociada con la generación de aerosoles es una problemática que se experimenta en la consulta diaria, relacionándose principalmente con procedimientos asociados con equipos como las piezas de mano de alta velocidad, el equipo ultrasónico y la jeringa triple.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze microbial contamination during dental care due to the production of aerosols and splashes. Methodology: Documentary, bibliographic type. The search was carried out through the Pubmed and SCOPUS databases. Considering the guidelines of the PRISMA declaration, a total of 221 articles were obtained. Subsequently, the exclusion and inclusion criteria were applied, obtaining a total of 25 articles. Results: The microbial load present in the dental environment has been analyzed quantitatively through Colony Forming Units (CFU) in different spaces and surfaces of dental clinics. In conclusion: Microbiological contamination associated with the generation of aerosols is a problem that is experienced in the daily dental practice, mainly related to procedures associated with equipment such as high-speed handpieces, ultrasonic equipment and triple syringe.

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Analizar la contaminación microbiana durante la atención odontológica por la producción de aerosoles y salpicaduras. Metodología: De tipo documental, bibliográfica. La búsqueda se realizó a través de la en las bases de datos Pubmed y SCOPUS. Considerando los lineamientos de la declaración PRISMA obteniendo un total de 221 artículos. Posteriormente se aplicó los criterios de exclusión como de inclusión, obteniendo un total de 25 artículos. Resultados: La carga microbiana presente en el ambiente odontológico ha sido analizada de manera cuantifica a través de Unidades Formadoras de Colonias (UFC) en diferentes espacios y superficies de las clínicas dentales. En conclusión: La contaminación microbiológica asociada con la generación de aerosoles es una problemática que se experimenta en la consulta diaria, relacionándose principalmente con procedimientos asociados con equipos como las piezas de mano de alta velocidad, el equipo ultrasónico y la jeringa triple.

To analyze microbial contamination during dental care due to the production of aerosols and splashes. Methodology: Documentary, bibliographic type. The search was carried out through the Pubmed and SCOPUS databases. Considering the guidelines of the PRISMA declaration, a total of 221 articles were obtained. Subsequently, the exclusion and inclusion criteria were applied, obtaining a total of 25 articles. Results: The microbial load present in the dental environment has been analyzed quantitatively through Colony Forming Units (CFU) in different spaces and surfaces of dental clinics. In conclusion: Microbiological contamination associated with the generation of aerosols is a problem that is experienced in the daily dental practice, mainly related to procedures associated with equipment such as high-speed handpieces, ultrasonic equipment and triple syringe.

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In dental practice, the use of imaging has increased over the years, generating an increase in the radiation dose for the dental patient. One factor under discussion is the amount of dose used in patients, men, women and children, at different stages of their life, due to the scientific evidence of the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. This review of the literature analyzed the characteristics of radiation and its effects in relation to the doses administered, and its equivalences in dental practice in panoramic periapical radiographs and cone beam tomographies. A search of the literature was carried out in the main information sources such as Medline (via PubMed), SEVIER, SCIELO, and LILACS, using the search terms with a date limitation of the last 10 years. The selected articles had to include information regarding the keywords used, including "Dental Offices, Radiation Dose, X-Rays, Ambulatory Care."

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El brote reciente de viruela símica ha despertado el interés de la comunidad internacional por su creciente número de contagiados en países no endémicos. Entre sus síntomas se encuentran la fiebre, dolor de cabeza, fatiga, dolor muscular, exantema y linfadenoma. La cavidad bucal es el lugar en el que suelen aparecer los primeros signos de la enfermedad. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer las principales manifestaciones orales de la viruela del mono y enumerar algunas recomendaciones de prevención. Para ello, se hizo una revisión bibliográfica entre 2012 y 2022 en la base de datos PubMed, usando las palabras clave, en inglés, monkeypox, oral manifestation y transmission. Se garantizó que, de los 14 documentos seleccionados, al menos el 80%, fueran publicaron en 2022. Las manifestaciones orales más frecuentes fueron: úlcera eritematosa, vesículas-ulcerosas y las asociadas a linfadenopatía (disfagia, odinofagia y faringitis). Entre las recomendaciones se encuentran: uso de mascarilla N95 y visores faciales, lavado constante de manos y espacios y atención de contagiados solo por eventos agudos (urgencias). Aunque no se ha confirmado, es posible que el Tecovirimat sea de ayuda en pacientes con sintomatología grave. Se concluye que es necesario que los odontólogos sepan distinguir los signos orales de la enfermedad para que contribuyan a cortar la cadena de contagio y deriven prontamente a los sospechosos para que se hagan las pruebas diagnósticas y las terapias medicamentosas de manera oportuna(AU)

The recent outbreak of monkeypox has aroused the interest of the international community due to its growing number of infections in non-endemic countries. Its symptoms include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, rash, and lymphadenoma. The oral cavity is the place where the first signs of the disease usually appear. Therefore, the objective of this work was to establish the main oral manifestations of monkeypox and list some prevention recommendations. For this, a bibliographic review was carried out between 2012 and 2022 in the PubMed database, using the keywords, in English, monkeypox, oral manifestation and transmission. It was guaranteed that, of the 14 selected documents, at least 80% would be published in 2022. The most frequent oral manifestations were: erythematous ulcer, ulcer-vesicles and those associated with lymphadenopathy (dysphagia, odynophagia and pharyngitis). Among the recommendations are: use of N95 mask and face visors, constant washing of hands and spaces, and attention to those infected only due to acute events (emergencies). Although it has not been confirmed, it is possible that Tecovirimat is helpful in patients with severe symptoms. It is concluded that it is necessary for dentists to know how to distinguish the oral signs of the disease so that they contribute to breaking the chain of contagion and promptly refer suspects to diagnostic tests and drug therapies in a timely manner(AU)

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Introduction: Chlorine, ethyl alcohol, and quaternary ammonium are disinfectants with antiviral activity against SARS-Cov2. However, there are no previous reports of their use and handling for cleaning and disinfection in dental offices. Objetive: To determine the use and management of disinfectants in critical and non-critical areas used by dentists in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: A validated cross-sectional survey was applied online to 100 dentists in San Luis Potosí between February and June 2021. Participants were informed about the handling of personal data according to the standard DOF regulations (DOF 07-05-2010). Results: A total of 100 dentists were included in the study, 63% female and 37% male, with a mean age of 26 years. The most widely used disinfectants during the pandemic in critical areas were Lysol® and 0.1% sodium hypochlorite in non-critical areas. Eighty-five percent of dentists know the adverse effects of inappropriate use of disinfectants, 72% did not have any sign or symptom associated with the use of disinfectants. The most used protection barrier was gloves (97%). Sixty-seven per cent of dentists disposed of disinfectant waste down the drain. Conclusion: Sodium hypochlorite and quaternary ammonium compounds and/or ethanol are used to clean non-critical and critical areas in dental offices. However, appropriate measures for their management are not adopted. It is necessary to implement educational strategies to improve the use and management of disinfectants in dental practice.

Introducción: Cloro, alcohol etílico y amonio cuaternario son desinfectantes que muestran actividad antiviral contra el SARS-Cov2, sin embargo, no existen reportes previos de su uso y manejo para la limpieza y desinfección en clínicas dentales. Objetivo: Determinar el uso y manejo de los desinfectantes en áreas críticas y no críticas empleados por los odontólogos en San Luis Potosí durante la COVID-19. Material y Métodos: Encuesta transversal validada y aplicada on-line a 100 odontólogos de San Luis Potosí durante febrero-junio 2021. Se informó a los participantes sobre el manejo de datos personales de acuerdo a la norma (DOF 05-07-2010). Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 100 odontólogos, 63% del sexo femenino y 37% del sexo masculino, con una edad promedio de 26 años. Los desinfectantes más utilizados durante la pandemia en las áreas críticas fueron el Lysol® y el hipoclorito de sodio al 0.1% en áreas no críticas. El 85% de los odontólogos conocen los efectos adversos del uso inadecuado de los desinfectantes, 72% no tuvieron algún signo o síntoma asociado al uso de desinfectantes. La barrera de protección más utilizada fueron los guantes (97%). El 67% de los odontólogos eliminó los desechos de desinfectantes por la coladera. Conclusión: Para la limpieza de las áreas no críticas y críticas en las clínicas dentales se utilizan el hipoclorito de Sodio y compuestos de amonio cuaternario y/o etanol, sin embargo, no se utilizan las medidas adecuadas para su manejo. Es necesario implementar estrategias educativas para mejorar el uso y manejo de desinfectantes en la práctica dental.

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INTRODUCTION: Dentists are at high risk of contamination by COVID-19 due to the proximity to the patients' oral cavity and airways. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate thebehaviors and adversities experienced by dentists because of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This descriptive study invited 1.811 dentists affiliated with professional associations, dental cooperatives, and health insurance providers from São Paulo State, Brazil, in 2020 of which 473 agreed to participate. The data collection, using Google Forms, included the variables: sociodemographic conditions; characteristics of dental work; level of healthcare and sources of information about the pandemic; changes in the work process, financial impact with personal protective equipment (PPE) andbiosafety measures; and consequences of the pandemic in the professional practice. RESULTS: The 473 dentists (40.36±13.44 years), were mostly women (52.22%), had a specialty (55.60%), and were self-employed professionals (73.36%). It was observed that 78.01% of professionals had a reduction in their monthly income. The average ofpatients treated daily decreased by 35.48%. It was found that 30.44% of professionalshad difficulty with the use of PPE, 3.59% contracted COVID-19, and 53.03% decided to postpone the appointment if the patient with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 sought treatment, even in emergencies. The use of high-speed handpieces was reported by most professionals (n=428; 90.48%). CONCLUSION: Behaviors: dentists used PPE and assigned very high or high levels of precaution about COVID-19. Adversities: dentists reported an increase in operating costs, changes in the work process, a decrease in appointments, and a reduction in the monthly income.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os cirurgiões-dentistas apresentam alto risco de contaminação pelo COVID-19 devido à proximidade com a cavidade oral e vias aéreas dos pacientes. OBJETIVO: Elucidar os comportamentos e adversidades vivenciados por cirurgiões-dentistas devido à pandemia de COVID-19. MÉTODOS: A pesquisa descritiva envolveu 1.811 cirurgiões-dentistas de associações profissionais, cooperativas odontológicas e convênios do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, em 2020, dos quais 473 concordaram em participar. A coleta de dados, por meio do Formulários Google, incluiu as variáveis: condições sociodemográficas; características do trabalho odontológico; nível de atenção e fontes de informação sobre a pandemia; mudanças no processo de trabalho, impacto financeiro com equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) e medidas de biossegurança; e consequências da pandemia na prática profissional. RESULTADOS: Dos 473 dentistas (40,36±13,44 anos), a maioria era mulher (52,22%), especialista (55,60%) e trabalhava como autônomo (73,36%). Observou-se que 78,01% dos profissionais apresentaram redução na renda mensal. A média de pacientes atendidos diminuiu 35,48%. Constatou-se que 30,44% dos profissionais tiveram dificuldade com o uso de EPI, 3,59% contraíram COVID-19 e 53,03% postergaram o atendimento de paciente com suspeita ou confirmação de COVID-19, mesmo em emergências. O uso de peça de alta rotação foi relatado pela maioria dos profissionais (n=428; 90,48%). CONCLUSÃO: Como comportamentos: os dentistas usaram EPI e atribuíram níveis muito altos ou altos de cuidados sobre o COVID-19. Como adversidades: os dentistas relataram aumento nos custos operacionais, mudanças no processo de trabalho, diminuição no atendimento e redução na renda mensal.

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Los profesionales de la salud oral tienen un mayor riesgo de infección con el nuevo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), debido a la comunicación cercana a la cavidad oral y la exposición a saliva, sangre y otros fluidos corporales. Los enfoques digitales pueden reducir el tiempo clínico y contribuir a limitar el riesgo de infección. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar un enfoque digital para restaurar un diente anterior traumatizado, durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Paciente sexo feminino de 28 años, con movilidad anormal de la pieza 1.1 y antecedente de traumatismo dental en la adolescencia. Se realizó una evaluación inicial para detectar signos y síntomas de una posible infección por COVID-19. Las imágenes de la tomografía computarizada mostraron fractura coronaria y presencia de reabsorción cervical externa en el incisivo central derecho. El plan de tratamiento consistió en la rehabilitación del diente fracturado a través de una restauración retenida con un poste de fibra de vidrio, usando un abordaje digital por medio de un escáner intraoral con diseño y fabricación asistido por computadora (CAD/CAM). Los enfoques digitales en odontología podrían contribuir a reducir el riesgo de infección por COVID-19 en pacientes y dentistas durante los tratamientos restauradores.

Dental professionals are at increased risk of infection with the new coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) due to face-to-face communication and exposure to saliva, blood and other body fluids. Digital approaches can reduce clinical time and contribute to limiting the risk of infection. The objective of this work was to report a digital approach to restoring a traumatized anterior tooth during the COVID-19 pandemic. A 28-year-old female with abnormal mobility in the crown of an upper anterior tooth with history of dental trauma in the adolescence. An initial screening was performed to check for signs and symptoms of possible COVID-19 infection. Cone Beam Computed Tomography images showed a crown fracture and the presence of external cervical resorption in the right permanent central incisor. The treatment plan consisted of rehabilitation of the fractured tooth through a restoration retained with a fiberglass post with a digital approach using an intraoral scanner, and computer-aided design and fabrication - CAD/CAM. Digital approaches in dentistry including intraoral scanners and CAD/CAM could contribute to reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection in patients and dentists during restorative treatments.

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BACKGROUND: The changes in dental care in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the need for greater financial investment by dentists in biosafety measures and increase in the costs of dental consultations. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental practices in private clinics in Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out, using an online questionnaire indexed in Google Forms, and distributed among dentists. The data obtained were analyzed using the IBM SPSS 25.0 software, evaluating the factors associated with strong or very strong impact on the participants' income and the factors that motivated the dentists to look for a credit line. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to identify the associated factors. Variables with p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Most participants were female, with a median age of 35 years. Dentists who are most concerned about their professional future (OR = 3.134; 95% CI: 1.804-5.445), who have longer office hours (OR = 2.056; 95% CI: 1.198-3.529), who had the greatest impact on the flow of patients (OR = 16.358; 95% CI: 9.408-28.443) and in need of investing in infrastructure (OR = 1.756; 95% CI: 1.014-3.041), had the greatest impact on monthly earnings. CONCLUSIONS: The pandemic and the new biosafety recommendations for care during this period had a negative impact on the income of Brazilian dental offices and increased the chance of seeking credit to alleviate the financial deficit.

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Emergências médicas são imprevisíveis e o cirurgião-dentista deve estar preparado para reconhecer e atuar frente a esses casos. No entanto, parece existir uma insegurança diante de tais situações, provavelmente devido às dificuldades de diagnosticar e conduzir esses eventos. Assim, esse estudo se justifica pela necessidade de avaliar o conhecimento dos acadêmicos frente a emergências médicas. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar o nível de conhecimento sobre emergências médicas de graduandos emOdontologia. Esta pesquisa de natureza quantitativa, descritiva e exploratória, foi realizada com acadêmicos do Curso de Odontologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, do sexto ao décimo períodos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação de um teste com nove questões objetivas sobre emergências médicas. Os dados foram analisados e os resultados expressos empercentagens, médias e desvios-padrão. Os resultados mostraram quede uma amostra de 100 estudantes, sendo 21% homens e 79% mulheres,99% têminteresse em participar de um curso de emergências médicas; 4% se julgampreparadospara atuar nestes casos,10% se consideramcapazesde fazer uma reanimação cardiopulmonare79% obtiveram pontuação considerada como insuficienteno teste. Concluiu-se que os alunos não se mostraram preparados para atuar em casos de emergências médicas (AU).

Medical emergencies are unpredictable and the dental surgeonmust be prepared to recognize and act uponthese cases. However, there seems to be insecurity beforesuch situations, probably due to difficulties in diagnosing and conducting these events. Thus, this study is justified by the need to assess the knowledge of dentalstudentsbeforemedical emergencies. The aimof this research was to evaluate theknowledge level of undergraduate dentistry students about medical emergencies. This quantitative, descriptive and exploratory research was performedwith students from the Dentistry Course at the Dentistry School of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, from the sixth to the tenth course terms. Data collection was accomplishedthrough the application of a test with nine objective questions onmedical emergencies. The data were analysedand the results were expressed as percentages, means and standard deviations. The results showed that out of a sample of 100 students, 21% men and 79% women, 99% are interested in participating in a medical emergency course; 4% consider themselves prepared to act in these cases, 10% consider themselves capable of performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation and 79% obtained a score considered as insufficient in the test. It was concludedthat the students did not seem prepared to act in cases of medical emergencies (AU).

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La siguiente revisión bibliográfica busca describir las alternativas digitales disponibles para la obtención de registros, posicionamiento y articulación virtual de modelos junto con ejemplificar algunos softwares que permitan la implementación de estas tecnologías en su trabajo diario. Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura en las bases de datos: Pubmed, LILACS, SciELO y Cochrane Library. Finalmente, luego de ser filtrados los resultados, se utilizaron un total de 36 publicaciones. Existen diversas herramientas disponibles actualmente para digitalizar una gran cantidad de técnicas que solo hasta hace algunos años eran realizadas manualmente por un operador. Algunas de ellas, facilitan una inmersión paulatina al mundo virtual del odontólogo novato ya que carecen de altos costos y recur-sos. Se sugiere que los odontólogos implementen estas tecnologías en su trabajo habitual según cada caso particular.

The following literature review seeks to bring together the digital alternatives available for obtaining records, positioning and virtual articulation of models together with exemplifying some softwares to allow the implementation of these technologies in their daily workflow. A literature search was carried out in the following databases: Pubmed, LILACS, SciELO and Cochrane Library. Finally, after the results were filtered, a total of 36 publications were used. There are various tools currently available to digitize a large number of techniques that were only performed manually by an operator until a few years ago. Some of them facilitate a gradual immersion into the virtual world of the novice dentist since they lack high costs and resources. It is suggested that dentists implement these technologies into daily dental practice according to each particular case.

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Abstract Introduction and objective : Contamination of the water used in health care units can induce adverse individual and collective consequences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality in dental clinics of a dentistry program of a university in Brazil, calculating the total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, heterotrophic bacteria and pH. Materials and methods: In each clinic, water samples were collected for analysis at different points: external cistern, clinic faucet, dental chair tank and triple syringe. After sample collection, analysis was performed: the presence of total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms was determined by chromogenic substrate technique, the presence or absence of Escherichia coli by fluorescence in ultraviolet light, the count of heterotrophic bacteria through the number of colonies and the determination of pH. Results: In all studied sites, the presence of total coliforms, Escherichia coli and thermotolerant coliforms was observed in at least 26% of the samples. In relation to CFU / ml, all mean values were much higher than the maximum established by legislation (500 CFU / ml). It was verified a statistically significant difference was found in the external cistern and tap when compared to the chair tank and triple syringe (p < 0.05). All pH samples were within the standards. Conclusion : The global analysis showed that 100% of the samples were inadequate, which classified the water potability as nonstandard in regard to the current Brazilian legislation.

Resumen Introducción y objetivo : La contaminación del agua utilizada en las unidades de salud puede inducir malas consecuencias individuales y colectivas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la calidad del agua en clínicas odontológicas de una universidad en Brasil, a través del análisis de coliformes totales, coliformes termotolerantes, bacterias heterotróficas y pH. Materiales y métodos: En cada clínica, las muestras de agua fueron recolectadas para análisis en diferentes puntos: cisterna externa, grifo clínico, reservatorio de la silla odontológica y jeringa tríplice. Después de la recolección de las muestras, el análisis fue realizado: la presencia de coliformes totales y coliformes termotolerantes fue determinada por la técnica del sustrato cromogénico; la presencia o ausencia de Escherichia coli por fluorescencia en luz ultravioleta; el recuento de bacterias heterotróficas a través del número de colonias y de la determinación del pH. Resultados: En todos los puntos estudiados, se observó la presencia de coliformes totales, Escherichia coli y coliformes termotolerantes en al menos el 26% de las muestras. Respecto a la UFC / ml, todos los valores medios fueron muy superiores al máximo establecido por la legislación (500 UFC / ml). Todas las muestras de pH estaban dentro de los patrones. Conclusión : El análisis global mostró que el 100% de las muestras fueron inadecuadas, lo que clasificó la capacidad de agua como fuera del estándar en relación a la legislación brasileña actual.

Resumo Introdução e objetivo: A contaminação da água utilizada nas unidades de saúde pode induzir consequências adversas individuais e coletivas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da água em clínicas odontológicas de um curso de odontologia de uma universidade no Brasil, através da análise de coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes, bactérias heterotróficas e pH. Materiais e métodos: Em cada clínica, amostras de água foram coletadas para análise em diferentes pontos: cisterna externa, torneira clínica, reservatório da cadeira odontológica e seringa tríplice. Após a coleta das amostras, a análise foi realizada: a presença de coliformes totais e coliformes termotolerantes foi determinada pela técnica do substrato cromogênico; a presença ou ausência de Escherichia coli por fluorescência em luz ultravioleta; a contagem de bactérias heterotróficas através do número de colônias e a determinação de pH. Resultados : Em todos os pontos estudados, a presença de coliformes totais, Escherichia coli e coliformes termotolerantes foi observada em pelo menos 26% das amostras. Em relação à UFC/ml, todos os valores médios foram muito superiores ao máximo estabelecido pela legislação (500 UFC/ml). Todas as amostras de pH estavam dentro dos padrões. Conclusão: A análise global mostrou que 100% das amostras foram inadequadas, o que classificou a capacidade de água como fora do padrão em relação à legislação brasileira atual.

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RESUMEN: Introducción: La atención odontológica va a cambiar rotundamente debido a la pandemia de COVID-19. En el futuro cobrará mayor importancia, surgirán transformaciones rotundas y necesarias, pero mejorará. Objetivo: Conocer las perspectivas de los odontólogos clínicos peruanos sobre los cambios y repercusiones que tiene y tendrá la pandemia COVID-19 en la atención odontológica. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenográfico que utilizó la técnica de la entrevista a profundidad a dentistas clínicos en el contexto de la cuarentena en el mes de abril de 2020 en Lima (Perú). La entrevista se efectuó de forma digital y las categorías incluyeron: rol del odontólogo, inconvenientes en la práctica asistencial, soluciones y estrategias frente a la pandemia, apreciaciones sobre las medidas del gobierno, medidas de prevención, atención odontológica en el futuro, y protocolos de atención frente a un paciente con diagnóstico de coronavirus. Resultados: Los odontólogos tienen claro que tanto la indumentaria como los equipos en el consultorio deben estar condicionados a las medidas de protección para proteger tanto al paciente como al personal de salud presente; esto incluye que los ambientes deban estar distanciados, espaciar la atención entre paciente y paciente. Conclusiones: Existe una gran preocupación en los dentistas por el cierre repentino de las clínicas dentales y aumento de personas infectadas, ya que son la primera línea de contagio al tener contacto directo con los pacientes. Los servicios dentales van a tener que adaptarse a los nuevos lineamientos y protocolos dados. Cambiará el modo de atención odontológica priorizando a las urgencias y emergencias, para aminorar la difusión de la enfermedad y lograr una atención más segura y adecuada(AU)

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Dental care is going to change dramatically due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the future, it will become more important; resounding and necessary changes will emerge, but it will improve for good. Objective: To know the perspectives of Peruvian clinical dentists on the changes and repercussions that the COVID-19 pandemic has and will have in dental care. Materials and methods: Qualitative study with a phenomenographic approach that used the technique of in-depth interview with clinical dentists in the context of quarantine in April 2020 in Lima (Peru). The interview was carried out digitally and the categories included: role of the dentist, inconveniences in healthcare practice, solutions and strategies in the face of the pandemic, insights from government measures, prevention measures, future dental care, and protocols for care in front of a patient diagnosed with coronavirus. Results: Dentists are clear that both clothing and equipment in the office must be subject to protective measures to protect the patient and health personnel present; this includes that environments must be spaced, spacing patient-patient care. Conclusions: There is great concern among dentists over the sudden closure of dental clinics and the increase of infected people since they are on the first line of contagion when having direct contact with patients. Dental services will have to adapt to the new guidelines and protocols given. The way of dental care will change, prioritizing urgencies and emergencies to lessen the spread of the disease and achieve safer and more adequate care(AU)

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AIM: To assess the children's perceptions of the dentist's attire and environment. The protocol is available in the PROSPERO database. SEARCH STRATEGIES: Systematic searches in the databases were performed in Cochrane, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception to December 12, 2019, Google Scholar, Open Grey, and ProQuest Dissertations. SELECTION CRITERIA: Criteria consisted of descriptive studies regarding the above matter while two authors assessed the information. The risk of bias was also performed. RESULTS: Databases showed 1,544 papers and a two-phase assessment selected 21 studies in narrative and 9 in the quantitative synthesis. A meta-analysis demonstrated no difference between white coat and child-friendly attire (OR = 0.63; 95% CI 0.16-2.49; n = 3,706) and a decorated vs plain dental clinic was the preference of the children's majority (OR = 8.75; 95% CI 1.21-63.37; n = 150). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that there is no difference in the children's perception, white coat vs child-friendly attire; however, children prefer a decorated dental clinic. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Oliveira LB, Massignan C, De Carvalho RM, et al. Children's Perceptions of Dentist's Attire and Environment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(6):700-716.

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ABSTRACT Since the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), numerous restrictive measures have been adopted by governments of different countries. The return to elective dental care in Brazil is a reality even during the COVID-19 pandemic. During restorative dental procedures, the dental professional requires close contact with the patient, being exposed to contaminated saliva and fluids. In addition, transmission of COVID-19 by the generation of aerosol produced by dental handipieces may be possible. Thus, the dental staff must know how to act during restorative dental procedures, putting into practice the correct clinical protocols to avoid cross-contamination and COVID-19 spread. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the biosafety practices especially in the context of restorative dental procedures in times of COVID-19.

RESUMO Desde o surgimento da COVID-19, causada pelo coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2), inúmeras medidas restritivas foram adotadas pelos governos de diferentes países. O retorno ao atendimento odontológico eletivo no Brasil uma realidade mesmo durante a pandemia do COVID-19. Durante procedimentos odontológicos restauradores, o profissional de odontologia requer contato próximo com o paciente, sendo exposto a saliva e outros contaminantes. Além disso, a transmissão de COVID-19 pela geração de aerossol produzido por peças de mão odontológicas pode ser possível. Assim, a equipe odontológica deve saber agir em durante o procedimento restaurador, colocando em prática os protocolos clínicos corretos para evitar a contaminação cruzada e a disseminação do COVID-19. O objetivo deste artigo é revisar a literatura sobre as práticas de biossegurança, especialmente no contexto de procedimentos odontológicos restauradores em tempo de COVID-19.

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Resumo O artigo problematiza as ações e campanhas educativas voltadas à infância na área odontológica, abordando aspectos centrais, como a implantação de gabinetes dentários nas escolas públicas e a criação de concursos de "bons dentes" para a propagação de preceitos da higiene moderna. Os dentistas foram agentes decisivos na difusão da "ciência odontológica moderna", presentes nas escolas e em diversas instituições, atuando em atividades educativas e também no âmbito de ações e lutas por políticas públicas que reconhecessem as questões de saúde bucal. O artigo se baseia em extensa pesquisa, incluindo documentação variada e, a partir de diálogos com a nova história cultural, busca questionar as formas de prescrever a saúde bucal nas primeiras décadas do século XX.

Abstract Educational actions and campaigns in the area of dentistry geared towards children are addressed, focusing on the introduction of dental cabinets, or offices, at public schools and the creation of "good teeth" competitions to spread modern precepts of hygiene. Dentists were key agents in the spread of "modern dental science" at schools and different institutions, taking part in educational activities and also in actions and struggles for public policies that recognized the issues of oral health. The article is based on extensive research of a variety of documental sources and, through dialogues with the new cultural history, questions the ways oral health was prescribed in the early decades of the twentieth century.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the physical assessment of different light-curing units from 55 dental offices on the irradiance and composite microhardness top/bottom ratio, and the influence of the radiometers for LED or QTH light sources on irradiance measurement. The irradiance of each light-curing unit was evaluated with two radiometers, either for LED or QTH light. A questionnaire regarding the type of source (LED or QTH), time of use, date of last maintenance and light-curing performance assessment applied. The physical assessments were evaluated regarding damage or debris on the light tip. For each light-curing unit, three composite specimens were made (diameter = 7 mm; thickness = 2 mm) with polymerizing time of 20 s, in order to perform the microhardness (Knoop) test. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test (α = 0.01). There was wide variation in irradiance (0-1000 mW/cm(2)). Approximately 50 % of the light-curing units presented radiation lower than 300 mW/cm(2); 10 % of light-curing units, especially those with LED source, presented values higher than 800 mW/cm(2), and 43 % of light-curing units worked with adequate irradiance between 301 and 800 mW/cm(2). In almost 60 % of cases, no maintenance of light-curing units was performed in a period of 3 to 10 years. The age of the light-curing units and the use of inadequate tips interfered negatively in irradiance. The data emphasize the importance of periodic maintenance of light-polymerizing, light-curing units.

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Objetivo: As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis bem como a infecção pelo HIV e as hepatites virais representam hoje problemas de saúde importantes liderando as causas de mortes e causando grande gasto de dinheiro público. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as atitudes e vontade de Cirurgiões- Dentistas brasileiros em relação a detecção de condições médicas em consultório odontológico, e comparar os resultados com pesquisa semelhante conduzida com Cirurgiões-Dentistas americanos. Material e métodos: Entrevistamos 323 Cirurgiões-Dentistas de São Paulo. O questionário anônimo avaliou a opinião e disposição dos Cirurgiões-Dentistas em realizar procedimentos médicos no consultório odontológico. A escala de respostas de 5 pontos incluía 1 (muito importante/ muito disposto) até 5 (muito pouco importante/ muito pouco disposto). Resultados: Igualmente aos Cirurgiões-Dentistas americanos, a maioria dos entrevistados acredita ser muito importante detectar doença cardiovascular (80.8%), hipertensão (83.3%), diabetes (83.3%), infecção pelo HIV (86%), e hepatite (86.7%). A maioria está disposta a realizar exame com resultado imediato (54% dos Cirurgiões-Dentistas), mas apenas 47% estão dispostos a discutir o resultado de exames com o paciente imediatamente após realizá-lo. Menos da metade dos entrevistados (47%) consideram seguro saúde como "muito importante" na decisão de incorporar ou não os exames médicos no consultório. Tempo, custo, responsabilidade legal e a vontade do paciente foram considerados "muito importantes" pela maioria dos entrevistados. Conclusão: A maioria dos Cirurgiões-Dentistas brasileiros entrevistados acredita que a triagem para condições médicas em cadeira odontológica seja muito importante e estão dispostos a conduzir um rastreio para condições médicas específicas em consultório odontológico..

Objective: Non-communicable diseases as well as HIV infection and viral hepatitis represents today a major health problem leading causes of death and great expenditures for society. The objective of this survey was to assess Brazilians dentists' attitudes and willingness regarding chairside medical screening in the dental office, and compare the results with a similar survey conducted with American dentists. Material and methods: We interviewed 323 dentists from São Paulo city. The anonymous questionnaire aimed assessing the opinions of dentists in relation to medical procedures in the dental office. The 5-point response scale enclose 1 (very important/very willing) to 5 (very unimportant/very unwilling). Results: In the same way as the American dentists, the majority of the respondents believed it is very important for dentists to conduct screening for cardiovascular disease (80.8%), hypertension (83.3%), diabetes (83.3%), human immunodeficiency virus (86%), and hepatitis (86.7%). Most are willing to conduct screening that generated immediate results (54%), but only 47% are disposed to discuss results immediately with the patient during the dental visit. Less than half of interviewed dentists (47%) considered that having insurance coverage was "very important" in deciding whether or not incorporating medical screening into dental practice. Time, cost, liability and patient´s willing were considered more important among majority of the respondents. Conclusion: Most respondents believed that chair side screening for medical conditions was very important and were disposed to conduct screening for specified medical conditions in a dental setting.

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To characterize access of adolescents to dental services and identify its determinants. Material and Methods:This is a cross-sectional, population-based study conducted with a representative sample of 431 adolescents aged 15-19 years in a health district of Vitória, ES. The interviews were guided by a structured questionnaire with socio-demographic questions, service utilization, and self-perceived oral health. SPSS statistical software version 15.0 was used. Statistical analysis consisted of the use of simple frequency with proportion and chi-square tests. Significance level of 5% was adopted.Results:Most respondents visit the dentist at least once a year, having as main reason routine visit, are attended in public services and positively evaluate the service provided. Factors associated with greater access to dental services (consultation once a year) were care in private service (p = 0.000), schooling (p = 0.019) and positive self-perceived oral health (p = 0.047). Conclusion:It was concluded that the prevalence of recent use of dental services among adolescents was high and access was related to service profile, self-perceived oral health and schooling...

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