RESUMO

Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 ha afectado significativamente la calidad de los servicios de cuidado de la salud. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos en los atributos de la calidad en salud de los servicios de atención de enfermedades diferentes a la COVID-19 en Colombia, durante el periodo 2020-2022. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron 24 artículos de alcance nacional y otros específicos de departamentos como Antioquia, Córdoba, Santander y Cundinamarca. Resultados: La pandemia por COVID-19 impactó la calidad de los servicios en la atención de enfermedades como cáncer, accidentes cerebrovasculares y de eventos como la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo. Conclusión: La calidad de la salud se vio afectada en todas sus dimensiones durante las fases de la pandemia, especialmente en la población con enfermedades crónicas y relacionadas con la salud infantil y materna. Además, se destacaron respuestas como el uso de la telemedicina y de la atención domiciliaria para contribuir a la calidad de la salud en Colombia.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the quality of health care services. Objective: To analyze the effects of COVID-19 on the quality of health care services focused on treating diseases other than COVID-19 in Colombia during the 2020-2022 period. Materials and methods: 24 articles were analyzed, which included some studies focused on national issues and others specific to the departments of Antioquia, Cordoba, Santander, and Cundinamarca. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the quality of health services caring for diseases such as cancer, strokes, and critical circumstances like voluntary termination of pregnancy. Conclusion: All dimensions of health care were affected during the pandemic, especially impacting populations with chronic diseases and diseases related to child and maternal health. It is important to highlight that telemedicine and home care contributed to improving the quality of health in Colombia.

Introdução: A pandemia de COVID-19 afetou significativamente a qualidade dos serviços de saúde. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos da COVID-19 nos atributos de qualidade em saúde dos serviços de atenção a outras doenças além da COVID-19 na Colômbia, durante o período 2020-2022. Materiais e métodos: foram analisados 24 artigos de âmbito nacional e outros específicos de departamentos como Antioquia, Córdoba, Santander e Cundinamarca. Resultados: A pandemia da COVID-19 impactou a qualidade dos serviços no cuidado de doenças como câncer, acidente vascular cerebral e eventos como a interrupção voluntária da gravidez. Conclusão: A qualidade da saúde foi afetada em todas as suas dimensões durante as fases da pandemia, especialmente na população com doenças crônicas e doenças relacionadas à saúde infantil e materna. Além disso, foram destacadas respostas como o uso da telemedicina e do atendimento domiciliar para contribuir para a qualidade da saúde na Colômbia.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The economic assessment of health care models in palliative care promotes their global development. The purpose of the study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of a palliative care program (named Contigo) with that of conventional care from the perspective of a health benefit plan administrator company, Sanitas, in Colombia. METHODS: The incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) and the incremental net monetary benefit (INMB) were estimated using micro-costing in a retrospective, analytical cross-sectional study on the care of terminally ill patients enrolled in a palliative care program. A 6-month time horizon prior to death was used. The EQ-5D-3 L questionnaire (EQ-5D-3 L) and the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (MQOL) were used to measure the quality of life. RESULTS: The study included 43 patients managed within the program and 16 patients who received conventional medical management. The program was less expensive than the conventional practice (difference of 1,924.35 US dollars (USD), P = 0.18). When compared to the last 15 days, there is a higher perception of quality of life, which yielded 0.25 in the EQ-5D-3 L (p < 0.01) and 1.55 in the MQOL (P < 0.01). The ICUR was negative and the INMB was positive. CONCLUSION: Because the Contigo program reduces costs while improving quality of life, it is considered to be net cost-saving and a model with value in health care. Greater availability of palliative care programs, such as Contigo, in Colombia can help reduce existing gaps in access to universal palliative care health coverage, resulting in more cost-effective care.

Assuntos

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Perfusion safety in cardiac surgery is vital, and this survey explores perfusion practices, perspectives, and challenges related to it. Specifically, it examines the readiness of on-call and emergency operation rooms for perfusion-related procedures during urgent situations. The aim is to identify gaps and enhance perfusion safety protocols, ultimately improving patient care. METHODS: This was a preliminary survey conducted as an initial exploration before committing to a comprehensive study. The sample size was primarily determined based on a one-month time frame. The survey collected data from 236 healthcare professionals, including cardiac surgeons, perfusionists, and anesthetists, using an online platform. Ethical considerations ensured participant anonymity and voluntary participation. The survey comprised multiple-choice and open-ended questions to gather quantitative and qualitative data. RESULTS: The survey found that 53% preferred a dry circuit ready for emergencies, 19.9% preferred primed circuits, and 19.1% chose not to have a ready pump at all. Various reasons influenced these choices, including caseload variations, response times, historical practices, surgeon preferences, and backup perfusionist availability. Infection risk, concerns about error, and team dynamics were additional factors affecting circuit readiness. CONCLUSION: This survey sheds light on current perfusion practices and challenges, emphasizing the importance of standardized protocols in regards to readiness of on-call and emergency operation rooms. It provides valuable insights for advancing perfusion safety and patient care while contributing to the existing literature on the subject.

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores associados à condição de vulnerabilidade clínico-funcional de idosos soteropolitanos acompanhados em uma unidade de cuidados primários à saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal conduzido com pessoas com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos cadastradas em uma unidade docente-assistencial em Salvador, Bahia. Foram excluídas as que não tinham histórico de acompanhamento regular ambulatorial ou com prontuário inativo há mais de cinco anos. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e aplicado o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico Funcional (IVCF-20) entre novembro de 2019 a março de 2021. Os idosos foram classificados como robustos ou não-robustos e análises bivariadas foram realizadas com o intuito verificar as diferenças entre os grupos. As variáveis que apresentaram associações com p<0,10 foram incluídas no modelo regressão de Poisson e foram feitos os ajustes para possíveis confundidores. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 102 idosos e foi verificado que a capacidade aeróbica e/ou muscular comprometida (RP=2,91; IC95% 1,50 ­6,18), a presença de comorbidades múltiplas (RP=2,79; IC95% 1,51­ 5,48), a incontinência esfincteriana (RP=1,86; IC95% 1,04 ­ 3,30) e a piora do esquecimento (RP=1,88; IC95% 1,04 ­ 3,55) foram os fatores independentemente associados à vulnerabilidade clínicofuncional. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do estudo permitem concluir que o comprometimento da capacidade aeróbica, a presença de comorbidades múltiplas, incontinência esfincteriana e perda de memória encontram-se associados à condição de vulnerabilidade clínico-funcional de idosos soteropolitanos acompanhados por uma unidade de cuidados primários à saúde. Essas informações devem ser consideradas no planejamento dos cuidados no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde e da atenção integral.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with the condition of clinical-functional vulnerability of elderly people in Salvador followed in a primary health care unit. METHODS: Crosssectional study conducted with people aged 60 or over registered in a teaching-assistance unit in Salvador, Bahia. Those who had no history of regular outpatient follow-up or had inactive medical records for more than five years were excluded. Sociodemographic data were collected and the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index (IVCF-20) was applied between November 2019 and March 2021. The elderly were classified as robust or non-robust and bivariate analyzes were carried out with the aim of verifying the diferences between the groups. The variables that presented associations with p<0.10 were included in the Poisson regression model and adjustments were made for possible confounders. RESULTS: 102 elderly people participated in the study and it was found that their aerobic and/or muscular capacity was compromised (RP=2.91; IC95% 1.50 ­ 6.18), the presence of multiple comorbidities (PR=2.79; IC95 % 1.51 ­ 5.48), sphincter incontinence (RP=1.86; 95%CI 1.04 ­ 3.30) and worsening forgetfulness (PR=1.88; 95%CI 1.04 ­ 3, 55) were the factors independently associated with clinical-functional vulnerability. CONCLUSION: The results of the study allow us to conclude that the impairment of aerobic capacity, the presence of multiple comorbidities, sphincter incontinence and memory loss are associated with the condition of clinical-functional vulnerability of elderly people in Salvador accompanied by a primary health care unit. This information must be considered when planning care within the scope of Primary Health Care and comprehensive care.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the technical efficiency of Mexico's public health system in the delivery of obstetric care from 2012 to 2018. A multi-stage quantitative study of the public health institutions responsible for 95% of the system's obstetric services was conducted using data envelopment analysis. The efficiency of state-level productive units (decision-making units, or DMUs) was calculated and juxtaposed with the DMUs' maximum (0.82) and minimum (0.22) scores. Using the outcomes of the initial stage, the average technical efficiency of each institution at the national level was estimated and compared. The results were also utilized to estimate and compare the average efficiency of each state-level health system based on economic characteristics (state GDP per capita). Outputs included prenatal visits and deliveries, while inputs comprised gynecologists, exam rooms, and delivery rooms. Institutional efficiency ranged from 0.16 to 0.82, with an average of 0.417. The Ministry of Health (0.82) and the Mexican Social Security Institute (0.747) exhibited the highest efficiency scores, while the remaining institutions (Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers [ISSSTE]; Mexican Petroleum [PEMEX]; the Secretary of National Defense [SEDENA]; and the Navy [SEMAR]) scored below the health system average. Of the 153 DMUs, 20% surpassed the maximum (0.82) and 40.6% fell below the minimum (0.22). These findings indicate that 80% of DMUs have unused operational capacity that could be utilized to enhance technical efficiency. No relationship was found between efficiency and the GDP of Mexico's 32 politico-administrative divisions. The efficiency gap between institutions (0.66) shows that while some DMUs are saturated (exhibiting high efficiency scores), the majority have unused operational capacity. Leveraging this untapped capacity could address the needs of vulnerable populations facing restricted access due to health system fragmentation.

RESUMO

Neurocutaneous syndromes comprise a heterogeneous group of congenital or hereditary conditions that are known to be associated with the risk of different disorders and complications. Two of the most common neurocutaneous syndromes are Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). Although there appears to be a general consensus on the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing these cases, there is still very little emphasis in discussions addressed in the literature on the role of dentistry in accordance with the perspective of comprehensive care. Evidence-based propositions, together with a broad discussion of new insights in this regard, should have the ability to strongly impact related future perspectives, aiming for greater advances and better outcomes for these patients. In this review article, the authors discuss updated general aspects of NF1 and TSC, and the potential additional roles of dentistry, in addition to addressing suggestions for actions in dentistry at related levels of care, as well as priorities for future research.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objectives: To present a clinical care model for the administration of 177Lu-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in radiometabolic therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: A care model was designed for patients with mCRPC based on the VISION study, a prospective, phase III, multicenter, open-label, randomized study in patients with positive 68Ga-PSMA positron emission tomography/computed tomography who had progressed to taxane and androgen therapy, to receive 177Lu-PSMA-617 combined with the best standard of care vs. the best standard of care alone. The care pathway provided to patients was developed by the Nuclear Medicine Group of the NCI and is the result of adjustments and improvements in the care process and the updating of the literature. Results: A systematic and efficient care model was formalized and implemented for the administration of 177Lu-PSMA therapy in patients with mCRPC who had previously been treated with at least one androgen receptor pathway inhibitor and one or two taxane regimens, with evidence of disease progression. Conclusion: An optimized process of care based on the determinants of clinical outcomes was developed for patients who received this type of radiometabolic therapy.

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: Con el panorama cambiante de la educación médica, es crucial examinar críticamente los enfoques y marcos existentes. La educación médica basada en competencias (EMBC) surge como un prometedor cambio de paradigma, que prioriza el desarrollo de habilidades, conocimientos y actitudes explícitas centrado en el alumno y orientado a los resultados. Objetivo: Identificar los ajustes estructurales y procedimentales esenciales necesarios para una implementación eficaz de la EMBC. Se subraya la importancia de reorganizar las instituciones educativas, adaptar las técnicas de instrucción y evaluación y fomentar la adopción de la EMBC en el aula. Resultados: Para impartir con eficacia la EMBC, es imperativo reestructurar las instituciones educativas para que se centren en planes de estudios basados en competencias y en la enseñanza personalizada. Asimismo, es necesario modificar las estrategias de enseñanza y evaluación para facilitar la evaluación continua y el aprendizaje activo. Conclusiones: Adoptar los principios de EMBC puede permitir que la educación médica produzca profesionales equipados con las habilidades necesarias para satisfacer las demandas dinámicas de la medicina moderna.

ABSTRACT Introduction: With the changing landscape of medical education, it is crucial to critically examine existing approaches and frameworks. competency-based medical education (CBME) emerges as a promising paradigm shift, which prioritizes learner-centered, outcome-oriented development of skills, knowledge, and attitudes. Objective: To identify the essential structural and procedural adjustments needed for effective implementation of CBME. It underscores the importance of reorganizing educational institutions, adapting instructional and assessment techniques, and fostering acceptance of CBME in the classroom. Results: To effectively deliver CBME, it is imperative to restructure educational institutions to focus on competency-based curricula and personalized instruction. Also, there is a need to modify teaching and assessment strategies to facilitate continuous assessment and active learning. Conclusions: Adopting CBME principles can enable medical education to produce professionals equipped with the skills necessary to meet the dynamic demands of modern medicine.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The Peruvian public health norm of primary healthcare (PHC) for growth and development medical check-ups (CRED, Spanish acronym) of children under 5 years of age was updated in 2017 with the inclusion of interdisciplinary prevention and control actions for oral diseases, such as dentist referral. The aim of this study was to explore the association between CRED and oral health services utilization (OHSU), throughout the heterogeneous Peruvian territory. METHODS: A population-based cross sectional study was conducted using the 2021 Demographic and Family Health Survey of Peru and included data from 15 836 children aged 12-59 months. Poisson generalized linear models were used to evaluate the association between any CRED and OHSU, in the 6 months prior to the survey, including sociodemographic characteristics of the children and their mothers as confounding variables. A possible effect modification by natural region of residence (Metropolitan Lima/rest of the Coast/Highlands/Jungle) was evaluated. To examine the robustness of the regression model, a sensitivity analysis was performed using the cumulative number of CRED. RESULTS: Children who had at least one CRED were almost twice as likely to report OHSU (aPR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.73-2.21), which was greater in the regions of rest of the Coast (aPR: 2.56; 95% CI: 2.00-3.17) and Jungle (aPR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.64-2.56). The sensitivity analysis showed consistent results for the association CRED-OHSU. Nevertheless, within the last 6 months, attendance at CRED and OHSU were only achieved by 43.7% and 13.7% of the children respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Integrating oral health into Peruvian Child PHC seems to be a promising public health intervention to increase children's OHSU. For a greater scope, it is crucial to drive greater attendance at CRED and continuous monitoring and strengthening of CRED-based oral health promotion in all Peruvian natural regions with an equity-focused approach.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis persists as a neglected disease and poses a challenge to public health, especially due to the risk of vertical transmission, which can lead to countless biological complications for the newborn and to psychological and emotional repercussions for the mother. Objective: To understand the perceptions and feelings of pregnant women affected by toxoplasmosis undergoing outpatient follow-up. Materials and Methods: A qualitative and exploratory study developed with 12 women with gestational toxoplasmosis undergoing specialized outpatient follow-up in a municipality from the state of Paraná, Brazil. The data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews and subjected to content analysis, supported by descending hierarchical classification. Results: The pregnant women experienced situations ranging from diagnosis and treatment to preventing the disease in the child and family. These experiences generated fear, distress and uncertainty about the disease, which were not adequately addressed during prenatal assistance in primary care. However, the pregnant women emphasized the importance of the multiprofessional team at the secondary level in monitoring and health education. Discussion: Although the pregnant women felt confident about the treatment and its implications for the child's health, discovering the diagnosis impacted their everyday lives and those of their families, especially due to lack of reliable information about toxoplasmosis and to the absence of emotional support at the primary level. Conclusions: There was a temporary scenario of disinformation among these women, who were not properly guided and supported. However, the guidelines offered in secondary health care were essential for improving knowledge and practices in health.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introduction: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) often experience discrimination from both other individuals and the health personnel who care for them. Chile has experienced a marked increase in the number of new HIV cases.Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study. The HIV/AIDS questionnaire for providers and health personnel was obtained from the International Planned Parenthood Federation, initially carrying out a pilot test and evaluating its validity.Results: A total of 784 health professionals answered the questionnaire correctly. Among them, 68.4% (n = 536) were women, and 36.2% (n = 284) were physicians. The study revealed that more than 90% of respondents had a positive attitude towards caring for people living with HIV, and more than 75% did not mind buying food from them or sharing services with them. Furthermore, more than 99% rejected the religiously endorsed labeling of people living with HIV/AIDS as immoral. Additionally, 95.5% (n = 749) mentioned that they did not feel anxious about knowing whether the next patient on their care list was living with HIV, and 76.9% (n = 603) of the respondents felt safe taking blood samples.Conclusions: Chilean health professionals have good knowledge about HIV infection and its mode transmission. Their attitudes towards people living with HIV are also generally positive.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumo Introdução: Na atenção à pessoa com anemia falciforme, é imprescindível um cuidado compartilhado e coordenado pela Atenção Primária à Saúde. Os profissionais de saúde da família devem se comprometer com a assistência, sendo necessária uma articulada rede de atenção à saúde. Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender as visões de profissionais de saúde da família acerca da atenção à saúde da pessoa com anemia falciforme. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em Diamantina, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, com enfermeiros e médicos da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Conduziram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com 15 profissionais — sendo, depois, submetidas à análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias temáticas: "assistência à pessoa com anemia falciforme: fragilidades no contexto da Estratégia Saúde da Família" e "referência e contrarreferência na atenção: uma rede fragmentada". Revelaram-se desafios a serem superados: o acompanhamento sistemático mostrou-se incipiente, atribuiu-se a responsabilidade pelo cuidado principalmente ao serviço do hemocentro e o sistema de referência e contrarreferência apresentou fragmentação. Conclusões: No cenário da ESF, a assistência requer avanços para que seja de melhor qualidade, com efetiva atuação da equipe e rede de atenção bem estruturada.

Abstract Background: While caring the patients with sickle cell anemia, shared care coordinated by Primary Health Care is essential. Family health professionals must commit to care, and an articulated healthcare network is necessary. This study aimed to understand the visions of family health professionals about health care for patients with sickle cell anemia. Method: Qualitative research was carried out in Diamantina, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with nurses and physicians of the Family Health Strategy (ESF). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 professionals and the results were submitted to content thematic analysis. Results: Two thematic categories emerged: "assistance to the person with sickle cell anemia: fragilities in the context of the Family Health Strategy" and "reference and counterreference in care: a fragmented network." Challenges to overcome were revealed: systematic follow-up was incipient; responsibility for care was attributed mainly to the blood center service; and the reference and counter-reference system presented fragmentation. Conclusions: In the ESF scenario, care requires advances to be of better quality, with effective team performance and a well-structured care network.

RESUMO

Abstract Neurocutaneous syndromes comprise a heterogeneous group of congenital or hereditary conditions that are known to be associated with the risk of different disorders and complications. Two of the most common neurocutaneous syndromes are Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). Although there appears to be a general consensus on the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing these cases, there is still very little emphasis in discussions addressed in the literature on the role of dentistry in accordance with the perspective of comprehensive care. Evidence-based propositions, together with a broad discussion of new insights in this regard, should have the ability to strongly impact related future perspectives, aiming for greater advances and better outcomes for these patients. In this review article, the authors discuss updated general aspects of NF1 and TSC, and the potential additional roles of dentistry, in addition to addressing suggestions for actions in dentistry at related levels of care, as well as priorities for future research.

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction The pregnant woman's card is one of the instruments used to evaluate prenatal care. It is an important source of data for epidemiological survey, being essential to ensure the flow of information and contribute to the continuity of care. Objective: Analyze studies that focused on the evaluation of the completeness of the pregnant woman's card. Methods A systematic review was carried out in the Scielo, Virtual Health Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases and the checklist based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guideline was used. Results Forty-three studies were identified, resulting in seven analyzed. The studies showed methodological differences, especially regarding the fields of the pregnant woman's card selected for analysis, method of presentation and interpretation of results, ranging from relative frequency with different categories to classification by Romero & Cunha score. This divergence limited the comparison of findings. Even so, all studies observed poor completeness in important fields of the maternity card. Conclusion It is extremely important that professionals and managers value the full completion of the pregnant woman's card, favoring the assessment of care and decision-making during prenatal care.

Resumo Introdução O cartão da gestante é um dos instrumentos utilizados para avaliar o pré-natal. É importante fonte de dados para levantamento epidemiológico, sendo fundamental para garantir fluxo de informações e contribuir para a continuidade do cuidado. Objetivo: Analisar estudos que se detiveram na avaliação da completitude do cartão da gestante. Métodos Realizou-se revisão sistemática nas bases de dados Scielo, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, EMBASE e Web of Science e utilizou-se a checklist com base na diretriz Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). Resultados Quarenta e três estudos foram identificados, resultando em sete analisados. Os estudos apresentaram diferença metodológica, sobretudo quanto aos campos do cartão da gestante selecionados para análise, método de apresentação e interpretação de resultados, variando da frequência relativa com diferentes categorias à classificação pelo score de Romero & Cunha. Essa divergência limitou a comparação dos achados. Ainda assim, todos os estudos observaram completitude ruim em campos importantes do cartão da gestante. Conclusão É extremamente importante que profissionais e gestores valorizem o preenchimento integral do cartão da gestante, favorecendo a avaliação da assistência e a tomada de decisão durante o pré-natal.

RESUMO

Resumo O artigo objetiva compreender a rede de atenção e os desafios que as crianças com síndrome congênita do Zika vírus (SCZ) e seus cuidadores enfrentam para garantir o cuidado integral. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, parte de pesquisa desenvolvida no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, que acompanhou 151 crianças com suspeita para SCZ. Foram realizados dois grupos focais, um com trabalhadores de saúde e outro com cuidadores. As crianças com SCZ percorrem longas distâncias, frequentando diversos serviços da rede. Observou-se a dificuldade de condução e de reconhecimento do papel de equipe de referência da APS, resultando em um cuidado fracionado, com obstáculos à comunicação entre serviços e ausência de atenção às cuidadoras. Percebeu-se uma rede fragilizada, com encontros fragmentados e olhar reduzido. É fundamental que os esforços priorizem o fortalecimento do vínculo entre os nós da rede de atenção e apoio. Os atributos essenciais e derivados da APS são determinantes para a rede de serviços e a oferta de cuidados às crianças com a SCZ e seus familiares.

Abstract The article aims to understand the care network and the challenges that children with congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZS) and their caregivers face to ensure comprehensive care. This is a qualitative study, part of research carried out at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Pernambuco, which followed 151 children suspected of having CZS. Two focus groups were carried out, one with health workers and the other with caregivers. Children with CZS travel long distances, attending various network services. Difficulty in conducting and recognizing the role of the PHC reference team was observed, resulting in fractional care, with obstacles to communication between services and lack of attention to caregivers. A fragile network was perceived, with fragmented meetings and a reduced look. It is fundamental that the efforts prioritize the strengthening of the bond between the nodes of the care and support network. The essential and derivative attributes of PHC are crucial for the network of services and the provision of care for children with CZS and their families.

RESUMO

Resumen El objetivo es realizar un análisis comparativo de la implementación de la APS en nueve países de Suramérica. A partir de fuentes documentales fueron destacadas tres dimensiones: compromiso político, liderazgo y gobernanza; modelo de atención; involucramiento de comunidades y otros actores. Los resultados indican la existencia de compromiso formal que localiza la APS en el centro de los esfuerzos para lograr el acceso universal. Se observan procesos de revitalización en los subsistemas públicos, basados en la garantía de acciones preventivas, promocionales, de cura y rehabilitación; puerta de entrada; enfoque familiar y comunitario; población y territorio adscriptos; equipos multiprofesionales, y, en algunos casos, énfasis en la interculturalidad expresada en la concepción de "buen vivir". Los procesos de revitalización de la APS fueron afectados por cambios políticos. Entre avances y retrocesos, no se logró superar la segmentación de cobertura. El momento actual es de rescate de políticas públicas más inclusivas y amplias, en el contexto de recomposición de los campos progresistas y democráticos. Difundir experiencias de los países puede contribuir para el desarrollo de un enfoque de APS integral, integrada y de calidad en la Región.

Abstract We aim to conduct a comparative analysis of the implementation of PHC in nine South American countries. Three dimensions were highlighted from documentary sources: political commitment, leadership, and governance; care model; and engagement of communities and other stakeholders. The results indicate a formal commitment that places PHC at the center of efforts to achieve universal access. The following can be observed: revitalization processes in public subsystems, based on guaranteeing preventive, promotional, curative and rehabilitation actions; PHC as gatekeeper; emphasis on family and community; assigned population and territory; multidisciplinary teams; and, in some cases, the accent on interculturality expressed in the concept of "buen vivir" (good living). The PHC revitalization processes were affected by political changes. Between progress and setbacks, the segmentation of coverage was not overcome. The current moment seeks to recover more inclusive and broad public policies in the context of the return of the progressive and democratic fields. The dissemination of country experiences can contribute to the development of a comprehensive, integrated, and quality approach to PHC in the Region.

RESUMO

Resumo O artigo tem por objetivo analisar os contextos de influência e de produção de textos da política de Redes de Atenção às Urgências e Emergências (RUE) no Brasil através da Abordagem do Ciclo de Políticas. Empreendeu-se pesquisa qualitativa através da análise documental de textos legais, publicações técnicas e acadêmicas para análise dos contextos de influência e de produção dos textos da RUE, não sendo objeto deste estudo o contexto da prática. O contexto de influências evidenciou a disputa pela legitimação do SUS, o neoliberalismo, o subfinanciamento, o gerencialismo, a crise dos hospitais e o predomínio do modelo de Redes de Atenção à Saúde. Já os textos expressam valores de cidadania, acesso, qualidade e integralidade; propósitos de nacionalização e melhoria do tempo-resposta; influências da política anterior de urgência e de humanização, da área de administração hospitalar e de conceitos do campo da Saúde Coletiva. O caráter plural e multifacetado da política pode trazer desafios no contexto da prática, a serem pesquisados em estudos futuros, devido à necessidade de desenvolvimento e articulação de distintas ideias e práticas identificadas nos textos e resultantes das múltiplas e diversas influências. Ainda, estas podem ser ressignificadas e atravessadas por vetores e disputas em campos de práticas singulares da gestão descentralizada e diversa no país, nos diferentes serviços, municípios e regiões de saúde.

Abstract The article aims to analyze the contexts of influence and text production of the Urgent and Emergency Care Networks (RUE) policy in Brazil through the Policy Cycle Approach. Qualitative research was carried out through document analysis of legal texts, technical, and academic publications to analyze the contexts of influence and production of RUE texts, not being the object of this study the context of practice. The context of influences evidenced the dispute for the legitimacy of the SUS, neoliberalism, underfunding, managerialism, the hospital crisis, and the predominance of the health care network model. The texts, on the other hand, express values of citizenship, access, quality and comprehensiveness; purposes of nationalization and improvement of response time; influences from the previous policy of urgency and humanization, the area of hospital administration and concepts from the field of collective health. The plural and multifaceted character of the policy can bring challenges in the context of practice, to be researched in future studies, due to the need to develop and articulate different ideas and practices identified in the texts and resulting from multiple and diverse influences. Still, these can be resignified and crossed by vectors and disputes in fields of unique practices of decentralized and diverse management in the country, in the different services, municipalities and health regions.

RESUMO

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica sobre os itinerários terapêuticos estabelecidos para crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL, SciELO, BDENF, Web of Science, referente ao período de janeiro de 2012 a janeiro de 2024. A questão norteadora e os descritores foram elaborados a partir da estratégia PICo. Os estudos foram exportados para o aplicativo Rayyan QCRI e analisados baseados no Sistema de Cuidados nas dimensões Folclórica, Individual e Profissional. Resultados: foram selecionados nove estudos, nos quais evidenciaram-se o protagonismo das famílias/cuidadores de crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde (CRIANES) na construção do itinerário terapêutico, a necessidade de melhorias no sistema de cuidados profissional, o fortalecimento da rede de apoio e suporte dos sistemas de cuidados popular e folclórico. Conclusão: há déficits no alcance dos princípios constitucionais de Direito à saúde, universalidade, equidade e integralidade nas ações voltadas para as crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde, evidenciando uma rede de atenção fragilizada, fragmentada e incipiente.

Objective: to analyze the scientific production on therapeutic itineraries established for children with special healthcare needs in the Brazilian Unified Health System. Methods:integrative review of the literature in the databases MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL, SciELO, BDENF, Web of Science, covering the period from January 2012 to January 2024. The PICo strategy was used to prepare the guiding question and descriptors. The studies were exported to the Rayyan QCRI application and analyzed based on the Care System in the Folk, Individual and Professional dimensions. Results: nine studies were selected. They highlighted the leading role of families/caregivers of CSHCN in the construction of the therapeutic itinerary, the need for improvements in the professional care system and strengthening of the support network with support from popular and folk care systems. Conclusion: there are deficits in achieving the constitutional principles of the Right to health, universality, equity and comprehensiveness in actions aimed at CSHCN, highlighting a weakened, fragmented and incipient care network.

Objetivo: analizar la producción científica sobre itinerarios terapéuticos establecidos para niños, niñas y adolescentes con necesidades especiales de atención en salud en el Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil. Métodos: revisión integradora de la literatura en las bases de datos MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL, SciELO, BDENF, Web of Science, abarcando el período de enero de 2012 a enero de 2024. La pregunta orientadora y los descriptores se elaboraron con base en la estrategia PICo. Los estudios fueron exportados a la aplicación Rayyan QCRI y analizados con base en el Sistema de Atención en las dimensiones Tradicional, Individual y Profesional. Resultados: se seleccionaron nueve estudios. Ellos destacaron el papel protagónico de las familias/cuidadores de niños, niñas y adolescentes con necesidades especiales de atención en salud (NANEAS) en la construcción del itinerario terapéutico, la necesidad de mejoras en el sistema de atención profesional y del fortalecimiento de la red de apoyo con el apoyo de los sistemas de atención popular y tradicional. Conclusión: existen déficits en el logro de los principios constitucionales del Derecho a la salud, universalidad, equidad e integralidad en las acciones dirigidas a los NANEAS, evidenciando una red de atención debilitada, fragmentada e incipiente.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Introduction: Perfusion safety in cardiac surgery is vital, and this survey explores perfusion practices, perspectives, and challenges related to it. Specifically, it examines the readiness of on-call and emergency operation rooms for perfusion-related procedures during urgent situations. The aim is to identify gaps and enhance perfusion safety protocols, ultimately improving patient care. Methods: This was a preliminary survey conducted as an initial exploration before committing to a comprehensive study. The sample size was primarily determined based on a one-month time frame. The survey collected data from 236 healthcare professionals, including cardiac surgeons, perfusionists, and anesthetists, using an online platform. Ethical considerations ensured participant anonymity and voluntary participation. The survey comprised multiple-choice and open-ended questions to gather quantitative and qualitative data. Results: The survey found that 53% preferred a dry circuit ready for emergencies, 19.9% preferred primed circuits, and 19.1% chose not to have a ready pump at all. Various reasons influenced these choices, including caseload variations, response times, historical practices, surgeon preferences, and backup perfusionist availability. Infection risk, concerns about error, and team dynamics were additional factors affecting circuit readiness. Conclusion: This survey sheds light on current perfusion practices and challenges, emphasizing the importance of standardized protocols in regards to readiness of on-call and emergency operation rooms. It provides valuable insights for advancing perfusion safety and patient care while contributing to the existing literature on the subject.