RESUMO

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) are particularly interesting as functional ingredients due to their high content of essential omega 3-fatty acids and antioxidant properties, respectively. The objective of this work was to formulate a corn snack enriched with flaxseed flour and yerba mate extract and evaluate its physicochemical and sensory properties. Flaxseed flour, added at three levels 1, 3 and 5%, increased the water activity, moisture content and cohesiveness, and decreased the hardness and plastic deformation of the samples. The flour also changed the superficial colour and made the microstructure more compact. On the contrary, yerba mate extract (1 and 3%) decreased the water activity, moisture content and cohesiveness, counteracting the effect of flaxseed flour. Yerba mate increased the plastic deformation and the antioxidant activity of the snacks. The colour was not modified and the microstructure was more fragmented in the presence of yerba mate. Sensory evaluation suggested that flaxseed flour and yerba mate affected the flavour but did not modify the colour and crunchiness of the product.

RESUMO

Different bread formulations, which provide different dough structures, were studied in order to better understand the effect of wheat flour substitution, flour type and concentration on dough development during baking, and their relationship with physical properties of the final product. Breads were produced with partial substitution of wheat flour by corn (CF), green banana (GF) and rice flour (RF), at different concentrations, and then baked at different times. Wheat flour substitution by CF, GF and RF in bread reduces heat transfer to the dough center by about 21%, 35% and 20%, respectively; and the water loss by about 5%, 15% and 0%, respectively. Those reductions were more influenced by flour type, than flour concentration. When wheat flour is substituted, the mechanisms of water migration are modified, once the pore system of bread dough is more discrete and stiffens later. Calculated thermal conductivity and diffusivity of the different flours used, and its correlations with average composite-bread heating rates (0.93) and water loss (0.85), respectively, indicates that thermal properties of composite bread dough could represent an important issue to be explored in dough systems with reduced gluten concentration.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In Mexico, the fortification of corn and wheat flours with iron, zinc, and folic acid and the restoration of B-vitamins is a mandatory program. However, the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of this fortification process is not well understood. Thus, the purpose of the study was to understand the M&E of the food fortification program in Mexico, with an emphasis on technology research and development. METHODS: Open-ended exploratory interviews were conducted with food technology representatives (n = 9), food science academic faculty (n = 1), president of a private tortilla-making federation (n = 1), and representatives of the federal monitoring agency (n = 2). Interviews were transcribed and themes were identified using the content analysis methodology. Inter-rater reliability was assessed by calculating an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the raters (n = 3). RESULTS: A total of 49 codes were identified that resulted in three overarching themes, manufacturing/processing, monitoring logistics, and nutrition. Overall, there is a need for more robust internal and external M&E with Mexico's fortification program to improve the manufacturing/processing of fortifying the tortillas, the monitoring of this fortification program, and the impact the fortified tortillas have on the nutritional status of the Mexican population. The overall ICC was 0.87. CONCLUSIONS: The present study can be used to gain insight into Mexico's fortification program and to inform food fortification policymakers of best practices.

Assuntos

RESUMO

La crisis iniciada en Venezuela a mediados de 1983 provocó un manifiesto deterioro en la cantidad y calidad del consumo de alimentos por parte de los sectores de mas bajos recursos. Los porcentajes de adecuación más bajos respecto a los Requerimientos de Energía y Nutrientes de la Población Venezolana corresponden a hierro, vitamina A y en menor grado a vitaminas del complejo B. El Instituto Nacional de Nutrición inició en 1990 la factibilidad de enriquecer la harina de maíz precocida, HMP, responsable por un 40 % de las Calorías derivadas de los cereales y de un 15 - 16 % del total de calorías de la dieta, con hierro (fumarato ferroso), vitamina A, tiamina, riboflavina y niacina. En 1992 se propuso un perfil de enriquecimiento requerido para que 50 g de HMP cubriese un 25 % de los requerimientos de estos nutrientes, ya tomados en cuenta las pérdidas durante la preparación de la arepa. El conocimiento de esta medida como política oficial, causó cierta molestia en el sector privado. En Agosto 1992, por Decreto Presidencial No 2.492 se crea la Comisión para el Enriquecimiento Nutricional de los Alimentos, CENA, con el específico propósito del enriquecimiento de la HMP. Con los esfuerzos coordinados del sector oficial y de la industria privada, se pudo llegar a un consenso sobre el perfil de enriquecimiento de la HMP, el cual fue anunciado por la CENA. (por kg): vitamina A: 2.700 ER; tiamina: 3,1 mg; riboflavina: 2,5 mg; niacina: 51 mg; hierro: 50 mg. Comisión Venezolana de Normas Industriales. COVENIN. Harina de maíz precocida. (3 era. Revisión) 2135:1996. Obligatorio cumplimento. Desde febrero 1993 toda la HMP comercializada en Venezuela debe estar enriquecida. Harina de trigo. HT. En noviembre 1992, la Asociación Venezolana de Productores de Trigo, AVPT, presentó un proyecto no obligatorio de fortificación. En Marzo la CENA rechazó el carácter no obligatorio y de acuerdo con la AVPT se acordó un perfil de enriquecimiento para la HT: (por kg): tiamina: 1,5 mg; riboflavina: 2,0 mg; niacina: 20 mg; hierro: 20 mg (como fumarato ferroso). Comisión Venezolana de Normas Industriales. COVENIN. Harina de trigo (4 ta. Revisión) 217: 2001. Obligatorio cumplimiento. Desde agosto 1993 toda la HT comercializada en Venezuela debe estar enriquecida(AU)

TIn Venezuela a severe economic crisis beginning in 1983 provoked a progressive reduction of the quality and quantity of food consumed by the low socioecnomic strata of the population. The lowest adequacy percentages with respect to Venezuelan RDAs were for iron, vitamin A and to a lesser extent, for vitamin B complex. Being precooked corn flour, PCF, responsible for 40 % of the Calories derived from cereals and for 15 -16 % of the total calories intake in the diet, an excellent and unique vehicle for enrichment, the National Institute of Nutrition, NIN, started the investigations toward its fortification with iron (as ferrous fumarate), vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin. In 1992 a fortification profile was developed in such a way that 50 g of PCF (amount needed for a 110 g ready-to-eat arepa) covered approximately 25 % of the RDAs for the mentioned nutrients, after taking into consideration the losses due to the cooking process. The announcement of this measure as an official policy, provoked some adverse reactions among the private sector. In August 1992, by Presidential Decree No 2.492, the Commission for the Nutritional Enrichment of Foods, CENA, was created with the specific task of reconciling efforts and carry forward the enrichment of the PCF. With the attendance of key representatives of the corn and wheat industries, the government and the media, the CENA announced the official fortification profile of the PCF (per kg) : vitamin A: 2,700 RE; thiamin: 3.1 mg; riboflavin: 2.5 mg; niacin: 51 mg; iron: 50 mg. Official Venezuelan Bureau of Standars (COVENIN), mandatory Standard No 2135-1996. Since February 1993 all the PCF sold in Venezuela must be enriched. Wheat flour. WF. The Venezuelan Wheat Producers Association, VWPA, presented in november 1992 a tentative and non compulsory fortification profile. In march the CENA voted against the non compulsory character of the fortification of WF and upon agreement with the VWPA, set in force the mandatory fortification profile as follow (per kg): thiamin: 1.5 mg; riboflavin: 2.0 mg; niacin: 20 mg; iron: 20 mg (as ferrous fumarate). COVENIN mandatory Standard No 217:2001. Since august 1993 all the WF sold in Venezuela must be enriched(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

El contenido de humedad es un parámetro de principal interés entre los índices que regulan la calidad de granos, cereales y sus derivados. Los métodos oficiales para determinar la humedad (AOAC 32.1.03, ISO 6540:1980, NTC 2227:86 y COVENIN 2135:96) tienen la desventaja de consumir mucho tiempo en la determinación porque  requieren la desecación de la muestra en estufa. En este trabajo se compara el método propuesto de secado de la muestra de maíz blanco en un horno doméstico de microondas contra el método rápido convencional de termobalanza infrarrojo y los métodos de referencia oficiales AOAC (32.1.03) y COVENIN (2135:96). Se determinaron las condiciones de análisis: tamaño de muestra, tipo de recipiente, distribución de la muestra, condiciones de operación usando un microondas doméstico de 700 W de potencia, así como el secado en uno o varios pasos. Entre el método propuesto y el método de referencia no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas a p<0,05; el tiempo de secado se redujo de varias horas a pocos minutos: 4 min con 90% de potencia. Como se puede  concluir que es factible la determinación de humedad por volatilización en una matriz de harina precocida de maíz blanco usando un horno de microondas doméstico.

The moisture content is a primary parameter between indices governing the quality of grains, cereals and cereal products. The official methods for determining moisture (AOAC 32.1.03, ISO 6540: 1980, NTC 2227: 86 COVENIN 2135: 96) have the disadvantage of to be time consuming that require drying oven method. The aim in this paper was compare the proposed method of drying sample of white corn with domestic microwave oven against conventional rapid method of infrared thermobalance and official reference methods AOAC 32.1.03 method and COVENIN 2135:96. Sample size, vessel kind, sample container distribution,   operations conditions using domestic 700 W microwave and also analysis employed to one or more drying steps were determined. Between the proposed and the reference method not statistically significant differences were found at P <0.05; drying time was reduced from several hours to a few minutes: 4 min at 90% power. It can be concluded that the determination of moisture by volatilization in a matrix of precooked white corn flour using a domestic microwave oven is feasible.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Con el propósito de evaluar el efecto de un secuestrante comercial de micotoxinas (SM) con base en glucomananos, sobre la producción de gas y degradación ruminal in vitro, se incubó harina de granos de maíz (Zea mayz L.) en licor ruminal con concentraciones de aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) de 4, 8 y 12 ppb, respectivamente, y proporciones de AFB1: SM de 1:75000 (SM-75), 1:150000 (SM-150) y 1:225000 (SM-225). Adicionalmente, se consideró un tratamiento sin inclusión del secuestrante de micotoxinas (SM-0). La producción de gas se registró a las 3, 6, 9, 12, 16 y 24 h, y la actividad del SM a las 3 h de incubación. La información fue analizada utilizando un diseño completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial 3x4. La concentración de AFB1 afectó negativamente (P<0,05) la producción de gas, con el mayor impacto a las 9 h, cuando 12 ppb [5,15 mL/g de materia seca (MS)] generaron una reducción en la producción de gas, en comparación con 4 y 8 ppb (6,57 y 6,01 mL/g MS), respectivamente. Independientemente del nivel utilizado y luego de 24 h de incubación, el uso de SM incrementó (P<0,05) la producción de gas respecto al SM-0 en 25,5% (68,5 vs. 56,6 mL/g MS, respectivamente). En todos los tratamientos, SM-75 mostró la mayor producción de gas, sin mejoras debido a aumentos adicionales en la relación SM:AFB1. La concentración de AFB1 afectó (P<0,05) negativamente la degradación de la MS de la harina de maíz, con una reducción del 39,8%, luego de 12 h de incubación. La capacidad secuestrante fue del 86,0 ± 3,34%, sin diferencias (P>0,05) debida al nivel de AFB1 o a la relación AFB1:SM. Estos resultados demuestran que el aditivo biotecnológico evaluado, reduce el impacto negativo de la AFB1 sobre la producción ruminal in vitro de gas y la degradación aparente de la MS.

To evaluate the effect of a commercial mycotoxin binder (MB) based on glucomannans, on the in vitro gas production and ruminal degradation, maize (Zea mayz L.) grain meal was incubated in ruminal liquor with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) concentrations of 4, 8 y 12, respectively, and proportions of AFB1: MB of 1:75000 (MB-75), 1:150000 (MB-150), and 1:225000 (MB-225). Additionally, a treatment without MB was considered (MB-0). Gas production was measured at 3, 6, 9, 12, 16, and 24 h, and MB activity after 3 h of incubation. Data was analyzed using a completely randomized design with a 3x4 factorial arrangement. The results show that gas production was negatively affected by AFB1 concentration (P<0.05), with the higher impact at 9 h, when 12 ppb [5.15 mL/g of dry matter (DM)] generated a reduction, when compared to 4 and 8 ppb (6.57 and 6.01 mL/g of DM, respectively). Regardless of the level used and after 24 h of incubation, the use of MB increased (P<0.05) gas production in 25.5%, compared to SM-0 (68.5 vs. 56.6 mL/g of DM, respectively). In all treatments, MB-75 showed the highest gas production without improvements, due to further increases in the ratio MB: AFB1. The AFB1 concentration negatively affected (P <0.05) degradation of DM of maize meal, with a reduction of 39.8%, after 12 h of incubation. The binding capacity was 86.0 ± 3.34%, without differences (P<0.05) due to AFB1 concentration or AFB1: MB relation. These results demonstrate that the assessed biotechnological additive reduces the negative impact of AFB1 on the in vitro ruminal gas production and apparent DM degradation.

RESUMO

Corn flour and maize meal fortification can benefit the consumer when the added nutrient contents are in amounts appropriate to address nutrient gaps. Legislative instruments (standards and regulations) are needed to provide guidance to the producers and food control authorities. We reviewed a number of national standards and regulations of fortified corn flour and maize meal and identified constraints; contrary to current belief, the practice of using minimum contents or ranges of nutrients has caused confusion, misinterpretation, and conflict, and should therefore be abandoned. On the basis of the findings, a model of fortification legislation is proposed, in which the additional content and the expected average nutrient content in a final product are recommended as the main parameters for quality control and enforcement. For labeling, the average content, or one adjusted to the expected content of the product at the market, can be applied. Variation in micronutrient contents should still be checked to ensure homogeneity but with adherence to clear procedures of sampling and testing, which should be part of the standards and regulations.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Con el fin de detectar la presencia de hongos y aflatoxinas, en harina de maíz precocida distribuida en el estado Aragua, Venezuela, se muestrearon cuatro presentaciones comerciales durante cinco semanas. La cuantificación de hongos se realizó por el método de contaje por incorporación en placa, utilizando agar extracto de malta e incubación durante ocho días a 27± 2 ºC. La determinación de las aflatoxinas se realizó por la prueba de ELISA. El ensayo fue conducido bajo un diseño completamente aleatorio y todos los resultados fueron sometidos a la prueba estadística no paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis y a pruebas de medias no paramétricas. Los contajes de hongos oscilaron entre 1,79 a 4,7x10UFC de hongos/g de muestra, encontrándose por debajo del nivel establecido por la Norma Covenin 1337-90 de 10(4) UFC/g de harina. Las especies fúngicas identificadas fueron: Aspergillus spp., A. flavus, A. niger, A. terreus y Penicillium spp. Los contenidos de aflatoxinas cumplieron con el nivel de tolerancia permitido para el maíz (20 ng/g).

With the purpose of detecting presence of fungi and aflatoxins in pre-cooked corn flour in Aragua State, Venezuela, we sampled four commercial presentations during five weeks. Quantification of fungi was done by the plate incorporation counting method, using malt extract agar and incubation during 8 days at 27 ± 3ºC. Aflatoxin determination was done by the ELISA test. The assay was conducted under a completely random design and all results were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis non parametric statistical test, as well as to non parametric means tests. Fungi counts varied between 1.79 and 4.7 x 10 CFU of fungi/g of sample, indicating that they were under the level established by the COVENIN Guideline 1337-90 of 10(4) CFU/g of flour. The fungal species identified were Aspergillus spp., A. flavus, A. niger, A. terreus, and Penicillium spp. The aflatoxin content complied with the tolerance level allowed for corn (20 ng/g).

RESUMO

Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de fungos e de aflatoxinas em um produto à base de milho, destinado ao consumo humano na Cidade de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Foram utilizadas 30 amostras (500 g) de farinha de milho a partir de seis diferentes marcas vendidas em supermercados dessa cidade. A coleta foi realizada entre janeiro e março de 2009. A avaliação micológica foi realizada imediatamente e, em seguida, foram armazenadas a -4º C, alíquotas para, posteriormente, ser realizada a análise de aflatoxinas. As contagens fúngicas variaram entre 2,42 e 4,10 UFC/g. Não houve diferença significativa a p < 0,05 entre as marcas utilizadas. As principais espécies de Aspergillus isoladas foram: A. flavus (32,73 %), A. oryzae ( 14,54%). A. niger agregado (10,91%), A. parasiticus (5,45%), A. fumigatus (5,45%) e A. carbonarius (1,81%), já as de Penicillium foram P. citrinum (28,88%), P. funiculosum (25,67%) e P. verrucosum (16,22%). Não foi detectada a presença de aflatoxina. Conclui-se que espécies fúngicas potencialmente capazes de produzir micotoxinas como Aspergillus e Penicillium são encontradas em farinha de milho, porém, não foi detectada a presença de aflatoxinas nesse produto utilizado para alimentação humana.

This study aimed to evaluate the presence of fungi and aflatoxin in a corn product intended for human consumption in the city of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. Thirty corn flour samples (500 g) from six different trademarks were purchased from local supermarkets in the city of Piaui, Brazil, from January to March 2009. The mycological evaluation was performed immediately, and then aliquots were stored at -4° C, until the aflatoxins analysis. Fungal counts ranged between 2.42 and 4.10 CFU/g. There was no significant difference at p < 0.05 between the brands used. The main Aspergillus species isolated were A. flavus (32.73%), A. oryzae (14.54%). A. niger aggregate (10.91%), A. parasiticus (5.45%), A. fumigatus (5.45%) and A. carbonarius (1.81%), while the Penicillium were P. citrinum (28.88%), P. funiculosum (25.67%) and P. verrucosum (16.22%). No aflatoxins were detected by thin-layer chromatography in corn flour samples. The fungal species potentially capable of producing mycotoxins such as Aspergillus and Penicillium are found in corn flour, but no aflatoxin was found in this kind of product.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the presence of fungi and aflatoxin in a corn product intended for human consumption in the city of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. Thirty corn flour samples (500 g) from six different trademarks were purchased from local supermarkets in the city of Piaui, Brazil, from January to March 2009. The mycological evaluation was performed immediately, and then aliquots were stored at -4° C, until the aflatoxins analysis. Fungal counts ranged between 2.42 and 4.10 CFU/g. There was no significant difference at p 0.05 between the brands used. The main Aspergillus species isolated were A. flavus (32.73%), A. oryzae (14.54%). A. niger aggregate (10.91%), A. parasiticus (5.45%), A. fumigatus (5.45%) and A. carbonarius (1.81%), while the Penicillium were P. citrinum (28.88%), P. funiculosum (25.67%) and P. verrucosum (16.22%). No aflatoxins were detected by thin-layer chromatography in corn flour samples. The fungal species potentially capable of producing mycotoxins such as Aspergillus and Penicillium are found in corn flour, but no aflatoxin was found in this kind of product.

RESUMO Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de fungos e de aflatoxinas em um produto à base de milho, destinado ao consumo humano na Cidade de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Foram utilizadas 30 amostras (500 g) de farinha de milho a partir de seis diferentes marcas vendidas em supermercados dessa cidade. A coleta foi realizada entre janeiro e março de 2009. A avaliação micológica foi realizada imediatamente e, em seguida, foram armazenadas a -4º C, alíquotas para, posteriormente, ser realizada a análise de aflatoxinas. As contagens fúngicas variaram entre 2,42 e 4,10 UFC/g. Não houve diferença significativa a p 0,05 entre as marcas utilizadas. As principais espécies de Aspergillus isoladas foram: A. flavus (32,73 %), A. oryzae ( 14,54%). A. niger agregado (10,91%), A. parasiticus (5,45%), A. fumigatus (5,45%) e A. carbonarius (1,81%), já as de Penicillium foram P. citrinum (28,88%), P. funiculosum (25,67%) e P. verrucosum (16,22%). Não foi detectada a presença de aflatoxina. Conclui-se que espécies fúngicas potencialmente capazes de produzir micotoxinas como Aspergillus e Penicillium são encontradas em farinha de milho, porém, não foi detectada a presença de aflatoxinas nesse produto utilizado para alimentação humana.

RESUMO

Fumonisin B1 is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum, and it is found chiefly in corn and corn-based products. Since its discovery fumonisin B1 has been associated with diseases in animals, such as leukoencephalomalacia in horses, and pulmonary edema in swine. On humans, the ingestion of foods with fumonisin B1 is associated with esophageal cancer. Aflatoxin M1 is the principal hydroxylated metabolite occurring in milk from animals which have consumed aflatoxin B1-contaminated feeds. It is also present in milk from nursing mothers who consumed foodstuffs with aflatoxin B1. In this study the effect of gamma-irradiation (60Co) was verified, in doses ranged from 0 to 20 kGy, in order to inactivate fumonisin B1 in corn flour and aflatoxin M1 in fluid and powdered milk. Fumonisin B1 was extracted from the samples with methanol:water (3:1). The extract was purified through immunoaffinity column followed by separation and quantification by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA). For determining aflatoxin M1 the purification was done through immunoaffinity column followed by separation and quantification by means of HPLC with fluorescence detector. Gamma irradiation (60Co) at doses from 3 to 20 kGy reduced the fumonisin B1 content in a range of 11.2 % to 55.5 %. Gamma irradiation (60Co) at 20 kGy dose r

Fumonisina B1 é a micotoxina produzida por Fusarium verticillioides e Fusarium proliferatum e é encontrada principalmente em milho e produtos a base de milho. Desde sua descoberta a fumonisina B1 tem sido associada a doenças em animais, como leucoencefalomalácia em cavalos e edema pulmonar em suínos. Em humanos, o consumo de alimentos com fumonisina B1 tem sido associado com câncer esofágico. A aflatoxina M1 é o principal metabólito hidroxilado encontrado no leite de animais que consumiram rações contaminadas com aflatoxina B1, bem como no leite de lactantes que consumiram alimentos com esta substância. Neste estudo foi verificado o efeito da irradiação gama (60Co), em doses que variaram de 0 a 20 kGy, quanto à capacidade de inativar fumonisina B1 em farinha de milho e aflatoxina M1 em leite fluido e em pó. A fumonisina B1 foi extraída das amostras com metanol:água (8:2). O extrato foi purificado em coluna de imunoafinidade, seguido de separação e quantificação por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) com detector de fluorescência, após derivatização com ortoftaldialdeído. Para efetuar a determinação da aflatoxina M1, a amostra foi purificada em coluna de imunoafinidade e a separação e a quantificação por meio de CLAE com detector de fluorescência. Foi observada uma redução da concentração da fumonisina B1 na faixa de 11,2 % a 55,5% em doses de 3 a 20 kGy de

RESUMO

Fumonisin B1 is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum, and it is found chiefly in corn and corn-based products. Since its discovery fumonisin B1 has been associated with diseases in animals, such as leukoencephalomalacia in horses, and pulmonary edema in swine. On humans, the ingestion of foods with fumonisin B1 is associated with esophageal cancer. Aflatoxin M1 is the principal hydroxylated metabolite occurring in milk from animals which have consumed aflatoxin B1-contaminated feeds. It is also present in milk from nursing mothers who consumed foodstuffs with aflatoxin B1. In this study the effect of gamma-irradiation (60Co) was verified, in doses ranged from 0 to 20 kGy, in order to inactivate fumonisin B1 in corn flour and aflatoxin M1 in fluid and powdered milk. Fumonisin B1 was extracted from the samples with methanol:water (3:1). The extract was purified through immunoaffinity column followed by separation and quantification by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA). For determining aflatoxin M1 the purification was done through immunoaffinity column followed by separation and quantification by means of HPLC with fluorescence detector. Gamma irradiation (60Co) at doses from 3 to 20 kGy reduced the fumonisin B1 content in a range of 11.2 % to 55.5 %. Gamma irradiation (60Co) at 20 kGy dose r

Fumonisina B1 é a micotoxina produzida por Fusarium verticillioides e Fusarium proliferatum e é encontrada principalmente em milho e produtos a base de milho. Desde sua descoberta a fumonisina B1 tem sido associada a doenças em animais, como leucoencefalomalácia em cavalos e edema pulmonar em suínos. Em humanos, o consumo de alimentos com fumonisina B1 tem sido associado com câncer esofágico. A aflatoxina M1 é o principal metabólito hidroxilado encontrado no leite de animais que consumiram rações contaminadas com aflatoxina B1, bem como no leite de lactantes que consumiram alimentos com esta substância. Neste estudo foi verificado o efeito da irradiação gama (60Co), em doses que variaram de 0 a 20 kGy, quanto à capacidade de inativar fumonisina B1 em farinha de milho e aflatoxina M1 em leite fluido e em pó. A fumonisina B1 foi extraída das amostras com metanol:água (8:2). O extrato foi purificado em coluna de imunoafinidade, seguido de separação e quantificação por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) com detector de fluorescência, após derivatização com ortoftaldialdeído. Para efetuar a determinação da aflatoxina M1, a amostra foi purificada em coluna de imunoafinidade e a separação e a quantificação por meio de CLAE com detector de fluorescência. Foi observada uma redução da concentração da fumonisina B1 na faixa de 11,2 % a 55,5% em doses de 3 a 20 kGy de