RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of endocervical curettage (ECC) during loop electrosurgical excision procedures (LEEPs) in predicting the risk of persistence/recurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) and informing clinical decision-making after LEEP. METHODS: The present retrospective study included women undergoing LEEP for CIN2+ at a teaching hospital in Chile between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2014. Demographic, pathologic, and follow-up data were collected. Associations between predictors and treatment failure (persistent/recurrent disease) were examined; a Cox model was used to assess the effects of different variables on the failure rate. RESULTS: The analysis included 330 women with a mean follow-up of 29.4 months; 188 women underwent ECC at the time of LEEP. On multivariate analysis, a positive ECC was the only variable significantly associated with persistence/recurrence (P=0.001). In the Cox model, positive ECC (P=0.001) and positive margins (P=0.009) were independently associated with higher failure rates. When faced with positive ECC findings, clinicians tended to perform additional treatment instead of advising follow-up. CONCLUSION: Positive findings from ECC performed during LEEP were a better predictor of persistent/recurrent disease than margin status, after adjusting the individual variable effect in the Cox modelling. The performance of ECC is recommended during any LEEP performed for CIN2+; in particular, it should never be omitted if endocervical disease is suspected.
Assuntos
Curetagem/métodos , Eletrocirurgia/métodos , Displasia do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Traquelectomia/métodos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologiaRESUMO
OBJETIVOS: En la actualidad, existe una alta tasa de sobre-tratamiento de lesiones precursoras cervicales, la cual, en su causalidad, depende de la inexperiencia del operador que toma las decisiones. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue desarrollar un método estandarizado de ponderación/juicio de variables diagnósticas y tratamiento útiles de ser usadas por especialistas jóvenes a fin de minimizar el riesgo de manejo inadecuado. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron 471 pacientes referidos por citología anormal y tratados mediante asa de LEEP. Se calcularon la sensibilidad, la especificidad, los valores predictivos y las relaciones de probabilidad para el diagnóstico de NIE2+ para cada uno de los métodos de diagnóstico. A cada residente se le enseñó un protocolo estandarizado de tratamiento mediante asa. Una vez identificados los mejores predictores, se construyó una escala de puntaje que ponderaba las variables y se definió mediante curva ROC el major punto de corte para la predicción de NIE2+. Las diferencias entre los grupos se compararon mediante Chi-cuadrado, ANOVA o t-test. Se construyó curva de fallas mediante el método de 1-Kaplan Meier. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de NIE2+ en esta cohorte fue 66%. La concordancia entre las pruebas diagnósticas fue baja, teniendo la colposcopia el peor valor predictivo positivo y el mayor riesgo de sobre-tratamiento. Para la escala de puntaje se incluyeron la edad, la citología, la colposcopia (estratificación basada en la extensión de compromiso por cuadrantes), la biopsia por mascada y la concordancia entre pruebas diagnósticas. Un puntaje≥ 9 asociado al uso de un protocolo estandarizado, obtuvo tasas de sobre-tratamiento <15%, de recurrencias de NIE2+ <5% a 5 años y una baja tasa de procedimientos sub-óptimos o con complicaciones (<2 %). CONCLUSIONES: El método CONO-UC al combinar un sistema de puntaje integrado (punto de corte) con un protocolo estandarizado de excisión, permite minimizar el riesgo de sobretratamiento o tratamiento inadecuado, por parte de especialistas jóvenes, de lesiones preinvasoras del cuello uterino, reduciendo además el número de procedimientos indicados innecesariamente y manteniendo una alta tasa de éxito terapéutico.
GOALS: Currently, there is a high rate of over-treatment of precursor cervical lesions, which, in their causality, depends on the inexperience of the decision-making operator. The objective of the present study was to develop a standardized method of weighting / judgment of diagnostic variables and treatment useful to be used by young specialists in order to minimize the risk of improper handling. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included 471 patients referred by abnormal cytology and treated by LEEP. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios for the diagnosis of CIN2+ were calculated for each of the diagnostic methods. Each resident was taught a standardized protocol to carry out a LEEP procedure. Once the best predictors were identified, a scoring scale was constructed that weighted the variables and the best cut-off point for the prediction of CIN2+ was defined by ROC curve. Differences between groups were compared using Chi-square, ANOVA or t-test. Failure curves were built up using the 1-Kaplan Meier method. RESULTS: The prevalence of CIN2+ in this cohort was 66%. The agreement between the diagnostic tests was low, with colposcopy having the worst positive predictive value and the highest risk of over-treatment. Age, cytology, colposcopy (stratification based on the extent of compromise by quadrants), punch biopsy, and agreement between diagnostic tests were included for building the scoring scale. A score ≥ 9 in association with the use of a standardized protocol obtained rates of over-treatment <15%, recurrences of CIN2+ <5% at 5-year follow-up and a low rate of suboptimal procedures or complications (<2%). CONCLUSIONS: The UC-CONE method, by combining an integrated scoring system with a standardized excision protocol, minimizes the risk of over-treatment or inadequate treatment of pre-invasive cervical lesions by young specialists, reducing the number of procedures indicated unnecessarily and maintaining a high rate of therapeutic success.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Displasia do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologia , Colposcopia/métodos , Eletrocirurgia/métodos , Biópsia , Modelos Logísticos , Colo do Útero/patologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Curva ROC , Análise de Variância , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Displasia do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Conização , Tomada de DecisõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare two electrosurgical techniques, straight-wire excision of transformation zone (SWETZ) with large loop excision of transformation zone, as a cone procedure (LLETZ-cone), for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), when disease is present at the cervical canal. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Two public hospitals, one in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and one in Dublin, Ireland. POPULATION: One hundred and three women with indication to treat CIN located at cervical canal. METHODS: Women were randomised to receive LLETZ-cone or SWETZ. OUTCOMES: Main outcome was the incidence of complete excision of disease at endocervical margin of the surgical specimen. Secondary outcomes were complete excision at ectocervical and stromal margins, time to complete the procedure, specimen fragmentation, blood loss and death after 1 year. RESULTS: Fifty-two women were allocated to LLETZ-cone and 51 to SWETZ. Ten women were lost for main outcome because of damaged specimens. Forty-two women in the LLETZ-cone group had free endocervical margin versus 43 women in the SWETZ group (relative risk 1.04, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.87-1.25; P = 0.64). For secondary outcomes related to margins, we observed a relative risk of 1.15 (95% CI 0.95-1.39; P = 0.15) for ectocervical free margin. For free stromal margin, the relative risk was 1.07 (95% CI 0.89-1.29; P = 0.47). No death was observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study was inconclusive; SWETZ and LLETZ-cone were equally effective to treat endocervical disease, with no difference in protecting against margin involvement. Higher, but not severe, blood loss and longer surgical time were observed in the SWETZ group.
Assuntos
Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Conização/métodos , Eletrocirurgia/instrumentação , Displasia do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/estatística & dados numéricos , Colo do Útero/patologia , Eletrocirurgia/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Duração da Cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Introducción. En Colombia, el cáncer de cuello uterino sigue siendo preponderante, el éxito en el programa de control del mismo, involucra la técnica de extirpación en cono,como medio diagnóstico y terapéutico.Métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio prospectivo de tipo ensayo de una prueba diagnóstica, con procesamiento aleatorio de las muestras por dos técnicas diferentes y la lectura histológica ciega por parte de dos patólogos. Se procesaron 20 especímenes de biopsias en cono de cuello uterino con diagnósticode lesión premaligna o maligna, y se evaluaron las técnicas y la concordancia entre observadores.Resultados. De los 20 especímenes consecutivos, la técnica 1 pudo aplicarse solamente a un caso ya que la mayoría de las muestras estaban fragmentadas o ya fijadas. Laconcordancia entre observadores fue de 0,7. Conclusiones. La prueba de referencia de la citología está migrando de la biopsia de cuello uterino al cono. El adecuado manejo de estos especímenes en los servicios depatología es parte esencial en el engranaje del diagnóstico y tratamiento de cáncer de cuello uterino. Se discuten dos diferentes maneras de procesamiento de estosespecímenes...
Introduction. The incidence of cervical cancer remains high in Colombia; control program success is gauged by cone biopsy for diagnosis and therapy. Methods. A prospective trial study on diagnosis with random sampling was perfomed using two different techniques and blind histologicalreading by two pathologists. Twenty (20) cervical cone biopsy specimens with premalignant or malignant lesion diagnosis were processed, andthe techniques and observers concordance were evaluated. Results. Out of the 20 consecutive specimens, technique 1 could only be applied to one case since the majority of samples were either fragmented or already fixed. Concordance between observers was 0.7. Conclusions. Cytology exam gold standard is migrating to cervical cone biopsy. Adequate handling of these specimens by pathologists isessential to the proper diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. We discuss two different ways of processing these specimens...
Assuntos
Biópsia/classificação , Biópsia/métodos , Colo do Útero/anormalidades , ColômbiaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo en el hospital "Ramón González Coro" durante los primeros 8 meses del año 2005, a las pacientes sometidas a conización con asa diatérmica en la consulta de patología de cuello. Con respecto a los 78 casos realizados en el año 2004, se produjo un incremento a 135 mujeres. Se analizó la relación citocolpohistológicas, así como la presencia y significación de algunos de los factores de riesgo para la aparición de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical. Se registró que la paridad no repercutió en los resultados histológicos (p=0,1986) sin embargo se comprobó que el inicio precoz de las relaciones sexuales están asociadas con las lesiones de alto grado de cuello uterino (p=0,038). Se estudiaron los bordes de sección quirúrgico, comprobándose que en más del 85 % de las pacientes se logró resecar completamente la lesión.
A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted at "Ramón Gonzalez Coro" Hospital during the first 8 months of 2005 among the patients undergoing cone biopsy with diathermic loop in the cervix uteri pathology department. As regards the 78 cases performed in 2004, there was an increase of 135 women (57 additional cases). The cytocolpohistological relation, as well as the presence and significance of some of the risk factors for the appearance of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were analyzed. It was observed that parity did not influence on the histological results (p=0,1986); however, it was proved that the early beginning of sexual relations is associated with high degree cervix uteri lesions (p=0,038). The edges of the surgical section were studied and it was demonstrated that in more than 85 % of the patients it was possible to resect the lesion completely.