RESUMO
Abstract The potential of the biome caatinga (exclusive from northeastern Brazil) has been evaluated in recent research for application in the pharmaceutical industry. Among the species of medicinal plants from caatinga, one can highlight the Commiphora leptophloeos (umburana), which has been used as infusions and syrups by the regional population for inflammatory and infectious diseases. Essential oils from umburana leaves and barks were obtained in a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and total phenolic and flavonoids were determined by spectrophotometric analysis. It was observed that a large part of the major compounds present in the essential oil is described as having antitumor activity, enabling research in investigational oncology with umburana (C. leptophloeos). In addition, some little explored components have been identified, such as cadinene, alpha-selinene, and elemenone. Despite being easily found in several plants, there are no clinical trials involving their biological activity in a well-defined isolated form, which could make exploring new studies possible. Furthermore, the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids allows future studies about the potential antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.
Assuntos
Plantas Medicinais/classificação , Óleos Voláteis/análise , Folhas de Planta/classificação , Bursera/efeitos adversos , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Cromatografia Gasosa/métodos , Indústria Farmacêutica/classificaçãoRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J.B. Gillett, popularly known as "imburana", "imburana-de-cheiro" or "imburana-de-espinho", has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, such as diarrhea. The indian tribes "Kairir-Shokó and shokó use the bark to treat diarrhea. However, there is no scientific evidence to justify the therapeutic use of this species. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the ethnomedicinal use of Commiphora leptophloeos, with respect to the antimicrobial, antisecretory, antimotility and antispasmodic activities of the crude ethanolic extract obtained from its leaves (CL-EtOHL) and the mechanism underlying this action in rodents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activities was determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract, against different strains of bacteria and fungi. All experimental protocols were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Paraíba (045/2016). In addition, behavioral screening and acute toxicity assessment of CL-EtOHL were performed in female mice (n = 6). In the investigation of antidiarrheal activity (n = 6), frequency of defecation and number of liquid stools, were classified during 4 h, and intestinal fluid and transit were measured. In addition, the antispasmodic effect on rat ileum (n = 5) was also investigated. RESULTS: The ethanolic extract is rich in flavonoids and the main were identified as C-glycosylated flavonoids (isoorientin, orientin, and vitexin). In the evaluation of antimicrobial and antifungal activity, the extract showed moderate efficacy only against the tested strains of Candida krusei ATCC-6258, Candida parapsilosis ATCC-22019 and Candida glabrata ATCC-90030. The extract had no toxic effect until 2000 mg/kg. In castor oil-induced diarrhea, CL-EtOHL inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, both total defecation frequency (ED50 = 380.4 ± 145.4 mg/kg) and the number of watery stools (ED50 = 151.2 ± 76.3 mg/kg). The extract showed no effect on fluid accumulation or normal intestinal transit. On the other hand, when the animals were pretreated with castor oil, the extract decreased the distance traveled by the activated charcoal (ED50 = 177.0 ± 50.3 mg/kg). In the investigation of antispasmodic effect, CL-EtOHL antagonized the contractions induced by KCl 30 mM (IC50 = 208.2 ± 25.9 µg/mL) and CCh 10-6 M (IC50 = 95. ± 22.0 µg/mL). To verify the participation of muscarinic receptors in this effect, cumulative carbachol curves were performed in the absence and presence of the extract, and a non-competitive pseudo-irreversible antagonism of these receptors was observed. CONCLUSION: The data indicate that ethanol extract obtained from the leaves of Commiphora leptophloeos has an antidiarrheal effect due to inhibition of the intestinal motility and antispasmodic effect, through the antagonism of muscarinic receptors. In addition, we suggest that flavonoids isolated from CL-EtOHL may be responsible for antidiarrheal activity of this extract. This explains its ethnomedicinal use in the treatment of diarrhea.
Assuntos
Antidiarreicos/uso terapêutico , Commiphora , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Medicina Tradicional/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antidiarreicos/isolamento & purificação , Antidiarreicos/farmacologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Diarreia/fisiopatologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , RatosRESUMO
Mastitis is responsible for both damage to animal health and economic losses to the industry. To identify effective treatments for this disease, products extracted from a variety of plants with antimicrobial potential have gained attention. The present study aimed to assess the in vitro antibacterial potential ofthe ethanolic extract of two plant species from the Caatinga biome against bacteria isolated from small ruminants with subclinical mastitis. The leaves of Mimosa tenuiflora and Commiphora leptophloeos were dried and processed to obtain crude ethanolic extracts and their phenolic composition was evaluated. In total, 33 Staphylococcus spp. isolates from the bacterial collection of the Laboratory of Food Quality Control of IF SERTÃO-PE were used for evaluation of biofilm production. Furthermore, an antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) method against the two ethanolic extracts. The toxic potential was measured through a toxicity test with Artemia salina. The quantification of the phenolic compounds revealed that the ethanolic extracts of M. tenuiflora and C. leptophloeos possessed higher amounts of myricetin (43.2 and 294.9 mg in 10 g, respectively) in relation to the other compounds. A 39.4% positivity rate was observed in the nuc gene investigation. The biofilm production analysis revealed that 96.9% of the isolates produced biofilm, evidencing the evolution the microorganisms regarding the development of resistance mechanisms. The MBC results showed an inhibition range between 195.30 and 3125.00 µg mL-¹ and between 781.20 and 6250.00 µg mL-¹ for the extracts of M. tenuiflora and C. leptophloeos, respectively. The M. tenuiflora extract showed the highest activity, suppressing 100% of the bacterial isolates (n=26), whereas the extract of C. leptophloeos showed an inhibition percentage of 69.23%. The crude ethanolic extract (EEB) [...].(AU)
A mastite é responsável por danos à saúde animal e prejuízos financeiros ao produtor. Na busca por alternativas eficazes no controle da mastite, destacam-se os produtos naturais extraídos de diversas plantas que possuem ação antibacteriana. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano in vitro do extrato etanólico de duas espécies do bioma caatinga frente a bactérias isoladas de casos de mastite subclínica em pequenos ruminantes. As folhas de jurema preta e umburana de cambão foram secas e processadas para obtenção dos extratos etanólicos bruto para o estudo da composição fenólica. Foram utilizados 33 isolados de Staphylococcus spp. provenientes da bacterioteca do Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Alimentos do IF SERTÃO-PE. Com os isolados de Staphylococcus spp. realizou-se a análise de quantificação da produção de biofilme. Além disso, empregou-se o teste de sensibilidade antimicrobiana, utilizando-se a técnica da concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) frente aos dois extratos etanólicos. Para conhecer o potencial tóxico, utilizou-se o teste de toxicidade com Artemia salina. A análise de quantificação dos compostos fenólicos demonstrou que os extratos etanólicos de jurema preta e umburana de cambão apresentaram a miricetina em quantidades bastante elevadas, 43,2 e 294,9 mg em 10 g respectivamente, em relação aos demais compostos detectados. Na pesquisa do gene nuc, observou-se uma positividade de 39,4%.A análise da produção de biofilme revelou que 96,9% dos isolados apresentaram a capacidade de produção do biofilme, evidenciando a evolução destes micro-organismos quanto ao desenvolvimento de mecanismos de resistência. Os resultados referentes à concentração bactericida mínima indicaram uma faixa de inibição entre 195,30 [...].(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ruminantes , Mastite/tratamento farmacológico , Mastite/veterinária , Commiphora/microbiologia , Commiphora/toxicidade , Mimosa/microbiologia , Mimosa/toxicidade , Staphylococcus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Mastitis is responsible for both damage to animal health and economic losses to the industry. To identify effective treatments for this disease, products extracted from a variety of plants with antimicrobial potential have gained attention. The present study aimed to assess the in vitro antibacterial potential ofthe ethanolic extract of two plant species from the Caatinga biome against bacteria isolated from small ruminants with subclinical mastitis. The leaves of Mimosa tenuiflora and Commiphora leptophloeos were dried and processed to obtain crude ethanolic extracts and their phenolic composition was evaluated. In total, 33 Staphylococcus spp. isolates from the bacterial collection of the Laboratory of Food Quality Control of IF SERTÃO-PE were used for evaluation of biofilm production. Furthermore, an antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) method against the two ethanolic extracts. The toxic potential was measured through a toxicity test with Artemia salina. The quantification of the phenolic compounds revealed that the ethanolic extracts of M. tenuiflora and C. leptophloeos possessed higher amounts of myricetin (43.2 and 294.9 mg in 10 g, respectively) in relation to the other compounds. A 39.4% positivity rate was observed in the nuc gene investigation. The biofilm production analysis revealed that 96.9% of the isolates produced biofilm, evidencing the evolution the microorganisms regarding the development of resistance mechanisms. The MBC results showed an inhibition range between 195.30 and 3125.00 µg mL-¹ and between 781.20 and 6250.00 µg mL-¹ for the extracts of M. tenuiflora and C. leptophloeos, respectively. The M. tenuiflora extract showed the highest activity, suppressing 100% of the bacterial isolates (n=26), whereas the extract of C. leptophloeos showed an inhibition percentage of 69.23%. The crude ethanolic extract (EEB) [...].
A mastite é responsável por danos à saúde animal e prejuízos financeiros ao produtor. Na busca por alternativas eficazes no controle da mastite, destacam-se os produtos naturais extraídos de diversas plantas que possuem ação antibacteriana. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano in vitro do extrato etanólico de duas espécies do bioma caatinga frente a bactérias isoladas de casos de mastite subclínica em pequenos ruminantes. As folhas de jurema preta e umburana de cambão foram secas e processadas para obtenção dos extratos etanólicos bruto para o estudo da composição fenólica. Foram utilizados 33 isolados de Staphylococcus spp. provenientes da bacterioteca do Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Alimentos do IF SERTÃO-PE. Com os isolados de Staphylococcus spp. realizou-se a análise de quantificação da produção de biofilme. Além disso, empregou-se o teste de sensibilidade antimicrobiana, utilizando-se a técnica da concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) frente aos dois extratos etanólicos. Para conhecer o potencial tóxico, utilizou-se o teste de toxicidade com Artemia salina. A análise de quantificação dos compostos fenólicos demonstrou que os extratos etanólicos de jurema preta e umburana de cambão apresentaram a miricetina em quantidades bastante elevadas, 43,2 e 294,9 mg em 10 g respectivamente, em relação aos demais compostos detectados. Na pesquisa do gene nuc, observou-se uma positividade de 39,4%.A análise da produção de biofilme revelou que 96,9% dos isolados apresentaram a capacidade de produção do biofilme, evidenciando a evolução destes micro-organismos quanto ao desenvolvimento de mecanismos de resistência. Os resultados referentes à concentração bactericida mínima indicaram uma faixa de inibição entre 195,30 [...].
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Commiphora/microbiologia , Commiphora/toxicidade , Mastite/tratamento farmacológico , Mastite/veterinária , Mimosa/microbiologia , Mimosa/toxicidade , Ruminantes , Staphylococcus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Introdução: Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J. B. Gillet (Burseraceae) é uma espécie vegetal utilizada na medicina tradicional da região semiárida brasileira contra diversas enfermidades, dentre as quais, destacam-se as infecciosas. Objetivo: Avaliar atividades biológicas de extratos de C. leptophloeos obtidos por diversas técnicas de extração. Métodos: Os extratos foram obtidos a partir das cascas por maceração, percolação, ultrassom e turbólise e submetidos a testes fitoquímicos, testes de suscetibilidade microbiana por microdiluição e de toxicidade aguda sobre náuplios de Artemia salina. Resultados: As maiores concentrações de polifenóis e flavonoides foram encontradas nos extratos obtidos por turbólise. Os extratos de C. leptophloeos foram eficazes contra S. aureus. Os extratos apresentaram toxicidade moderada. Conclusões: A planta estudada apresenta metabólitos secundários possuidores de importantes atividades farmacológicas e exibiram potencial antimicrobiano sobre S. aureus, sendo necessários novos estudos para avaliar a viabilidade desta planta para o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos(AU)
Introducción: Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J. B. Gillet (Burseraceae) es una especie usada en la medicina tradicional de la región semiárida de Brasil contra diversas enfermedades, con énfasis en las enfermedades infecciosas. Objetivo: evaluar las actividades biológicas de los extractos de C. leptophloeos obtenidos por diferentes técnicas de extracción. Métodos: los extractos de la corteza se obtuvieron por maceración, percolación, ultrasonido y turbólise. Fueron sometidos a ensayos fitoquímicos, pruebas de sensibilidad microbiana por microdilución y toxicidad aguda sobre Artemia salina. Resultados: las concentraciones más altas de polifenoles y flavonoides fueron encontrados en los extractos por turbólise. Los extractos de C. leptophloeos fueron eficaces contra S. aureus y mostraron toxicidad moderada. Conclusiones: la planta posee metabolitos secundarios con actividades farmacológicas importantes y actividad antimicrobiana frente S. aureus, otros estudios son necesarios para evaluar la viabilidad de esta planta para el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos(AU)
Introduction: Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J. B. Gillet (Burseraceae) is a species used in traditional medicine in the semiarid region of Brazil to treat a variety of conditions, particularly infectious diseases. Objective: Evaluate the biological activities of C. leptophloeos extracts obtained by various extraction techniques. Methods: The stem extracts were obtained by maceration, percolation, ultrasound and turbolise, and subjected to phytochemical analysis, microbial sensitivity testing by microdilution and acute toxicity testing against Artemia salina. Results: The highest polyphenol and flavonoid concentrations were found in the extracts obtained by turbolise. C. leptophloeos extracts were effective against S. aureus and showed moderate toxicity. Conclusions: The plant contains secondary metabolites with important pharmacological activities and antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. Further studies are required to evaluate the viability of this plant for the development of new drugs(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Plantas Medicinais , Etnofarmacologia , Bursera/toxicidade , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Recurrent miscarriage places a huge psychological burden on a woman who is trying to conceive. Meanwhile, the use of traditional medicine still plays an important role within the Saudi Arabian culture, where many patients still seek alternative forms of therapy. However, this traditional way of treatment might expose patients to many hazards. We present a case of a 32-year-old pregnant woman with a history of infertility and recurrent miscarriages. She used large amounts of myrrh herbs for 2 months, since a traditional healer told her that her current pregnancy would progress safely by its use. However, her pregnancy was complicated with an acute abdominal pain. Her symptom was relieved as soon as she stopped taking myrrh. We assume that myrrh acted as a uterine stimulant causing acute abdominal pain. Scientific studies should be carried out to evaluate the safety of Myrrh intake during pregnancy.
RESUMO
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of standardized hydroalcholic extract of Commiphora mukul (HECM) in animal model of chronic stress medicated depression, namely olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) model in rats. Effects of 14-day (subacute) oral pretreatment of HECM (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) were evaluated on depression and stress related parameters on OBX rats. Separate groups for sham control, OBX control and positive controls namely imipramine (20 mg/kg), fluoxetine (30 mg/kg) and desipramine (15 mg/kg) were also maintained. Behavioral and physiological parameters in open field and elevated plus maze were recorded. HECM showed dose-dependent reversal of OBX-induced physiological effects such as reduction of body weight, body temperature, heart rate and serum sodium concentration. HECM also showed reversal effects on OBX induced food intake increase and hyperactivity in open field and elevated plus maze paradigm. In conclusion, HECM demonstrated restorative effects in OBX induced depression model in rats probably due to stress reliving mechanisms.