RESUMO
Melatonin (ML) and dexmedetomidine (DM) are used separately as anesthetic premedication or as an anesthetic in humans and laboratory animals. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anesthetic properties of both drugs combined. The anesthetic effects of several combinations of ML (50 and 100 mg/kg) and DM (50 and 100 µg/kg) were evaluated in rats by observing behavioral manifestations and recording the duration and depth of anesthesia. Five anesthetic intervals were established according to the loss and recovery of reflexes. While each individual drug did not induce an appropriate anesthetic effect at the tested doses, ML50 + DM100, ML100 + DM50 and ML100 + DM100 combinations resulted in surgical anesthesia intervals of 60 to 360 min. Together, our results point that the use of ML allows to decrease the dose of DM, reducing the unwanted anesthetic effects of this α2-agonist.
Assuntos
Anestesia , Dexmedetomidina , Melatonina , Dexmedetomidina/administração & dosagem , Dexmedetomidina/farmacologia , Animais , Melatonina/administração & dosagem , Melatonina/farmacologia , Ratos , Masculino , Anestesia/métodos , Ratos Wistar , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/administração & dosagem , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/farmacologia , Anestésicos/administração & dosagem , Anestésicos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Resumen: Introducción: Los tumores pulmonares congénitos son patologías poco frecuentes; asimismo, cuando requieren intervención quirúrgica, el médico anestesiólogo se enfrenta a un reto en el manejo de estos pacientes. Presentación del caso: En este artículo describimos el caso y el manejo anestésico de un recién nacido de 37.5 semanas de gestación (SDG) y 26 días de vida extrauterina, programado para toracotomía posterolateral izquierda más lobectomía inferior izquierda y colocación de catéter venoso central bajo anestesia combinada (anestesia general balanceada más bloqueo caudal con bupivacaína y morfina). Conclusiones: Las consideraciones anestésicas para los procedimientos quirúrgicos en neonatos y/o pacientes pediátricos se convierten en un reto para el anestesiólogo, debido a la inmadurez de algunos de los sistemas, se considera que la técnica anestésica idónea para el adecuado manejo de los pacientes neonatales sigue siendo la técnica combinada. El anestesiólogo debe mantener en mente dicha técnica así como los eventos y/o efectos secundarios que se puedan derivar de la misma y de este modo instaurar de manera oportuna el tratamiento pertinente.
Abstract: Introduction: Congenital lung tumors are rare pathologies, likewise when surgical intervention is required, the anesthesiologist faces a challenge in the anesthetic management of these patients. Presentation of the case: The following article describes the case of a 26-day-old newborn child scheduled for left posterolateral thoracotomy plus lower left lobectomy and central venous catheter placement under combined anesthesia (balanced general anesthesia plus caudal block with bupivacaine and morphine). Conclusions: Anesthetic considerations for surgical procedures in neonates and/or pediatric patients become a challenge for the anesthesiologist, due to the immaturity of some of the systems, thus considering that the ideal anesthetic technique for the proper management of in neonatal patients, the combined technique continues, with epidural blocks for the management of peri- and postoperative pain. The anesthesiologist must keep in mind this technique as well as the events and/or side effects that may derive from it, thus establishing the pertinent treatment in a timely manner.