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BACKGROUND: Low- and middle-income countries have increasingly banned e-cigarettes, as in Mexico. In these countries, little is known about where adults obtain e-cigarettes or who uses e-cigarettes with nicotine. METHODS: Data were analyzed from eight online surveys of Mexican adults who both smoked and used e-cigarettes (November 2018-March 2021; n = 2,060). For the e-cigarette they used most often, participants reported how they acquired it (social sources=reference; online purchase; vape shop purchase; other retail purchase) and if it contained nicotine (no=reference group; yes; don't know). Multinomial models regressed each of these outcomes on smoking- and e-cigarette-related factors, as well as sociodemographics. RESULTS: Almost half the sample (45.9 %) reported obtaining their e-cigarettes from social sources, with online purchase being the second most common source (28.7 %). Being male, having recently attempted to quit smoking, and more frequent e-cigarette use were positively associated with purchasing e-cigarettes (vs social sources) across all venues. Most reported that their e-cigarettes contained nicotine (58.2 %), a third reported using e-cigarettes without nicotine (35.9 %), and some did not know (5.8 %). More frequent smoking and e-cigarette use, using closed e-cigarette devices and purchasing e-cigarettes online were positively associated with using e-cigarettes with nicotine. CONCLUSIONS: Despite Mexico's e-cigarette ban, adults who smoke access e-cigarettes through multiple sources, including online and vape shop purchases. Most participants reported using e-cigarettes with nicotine, though many did not or did not know.

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Wide marine litter (ML) contamination impacts human health and economic sectors including fishing, navigation, and tourism. Perequê beach, Brazil, is an authentic fishing community within a touristic multiple-use marine protected area. However, no ML contamination monitoring were so far performed in the region. This study evaluated the spatiotemporal abundance, composition, sources, and associated ML hazards at Perequê beach using a multi-index approach. The 2579 items (0.64 ± 0.72 items.m-2) yielded a high contamination level (CCI = 12.6 ± 14.4) with plastic (44.6-50.9 %) and cigarette butts (20.6-28.4 %) prevalence, while primary sources were smoking (cigarette butts, lighters, others-21.2-30.1 %) and packaging (17.8-22.8 %). Levels of pollutants leaked from cigarette butts (CBPI = 30.5 ± 47.5) and hazardous items (HALI = 3.06 ± 2.64) were among the highest globally. Heightened levels occurred in summer, at dry sand strip, where short-term buoyant items prevailed. Multi-indexing approaches offer valuable insights for local authorities to implement mitigation programs, while contributing to global discussions, promoting awareness, and facilitating replicability.

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Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been linked to immune responses to lung-associated self-antigens. Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS), the main cause of COPD, causes chronic lung inflammation, resulting in pulmonary matrix (ECM) damage. This tissue breakdown exposes collagen V (Col V), an antigen typically hidden from the immune system, which could trigger an autoimmune response. Col V autoimmunity has been linked to several lung diseases, and the induction of immune tolerance can mitigate some of these diseases. Evidence suggests that autoimmunity to Col V might also occur in COPD; thus, immunotolerance to Col V could be a novel therapeutic approach. Objective: The role of autoimmunity against collagen V in COPD development was investigated by analyzing the effects of Col V-induced tolerance on the inflammatory response and lung remodeling in a murine model of CS-induced COPD. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: one exposed to CS for four weeks, one previously tolerated for Col V and exposed to CS for four weeks, and one kept in clean air for the same period. Then, we proceeded with lung functional and structural evaluation, assessing inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inflammatory markers in the lung parenchyma, inflammatory cytokines in lung and spleen homogenates, and T-cell phenotyping in the spleen. Results: CS exposure altered the structure of elastic and collagen fibers and increased the pro-inflammatory immune response, indicating the presence of COPD. Col V tolerance inhibited the onset of emphysema and prevented structural changes in lung ECM fibers by promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment in the lung and inducing Treg cell differentiation. Conclusion: Induction of nasal tolerance to Col V can prevent inflammatory responses and lung remodeling in experimental COPD, suggesting that autoimmunity to Col V plays a role in COPD development.

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Tobacco consumption in schizophrenia (SCHZ) patients is highly prevalent. Data support the occurrence of sequential events during comorbidity establishment, and both smoking first, SCHZ second and SCHZ first, smoking second sequences have been proposed. To investigate whether these two possibilities lead to distinct outcomes of comorbidity, we used a phencyclidine-induced SCHZ model and nicotine exposure as a surrogate of smoking. C57Bl/6 mice were submitted to a protocol that either began with 4 days of phencyclidine exposure or 4 days of nicotine exposure. This period was followed by 5 days of combined phencyclidine + nicotine exposure. Locomotor sensitization and pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) were assessed due to their well-known associations with SCHZ as opposed to rearing, an unrelated behavior. Nicotine priming potentiated phencyclidine-evoked sensitization. However, nicotine exposure after SCHZ modeling did not interfere with phencyclidine's effects. In the PPI test, nicotine after SCHZ modeling worsened the phencyclidine-evoked deficiency in males. In contrast, nicotine priming had no effects. Regarding rearing, nicotine priming failed to interfere with phencyclidine-mediated inhibition. Similarly, phencyclidine priming did not modify nicotine-mediated inhibition. The present results indicate that the sequence, either SCHZ-first or nicotine-first, differentially impacts comorbidity outcomes, a finding that is relevant for the identification of mechanisms of nicotine interference in the neurobiology of SCHZ.

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Resumen El vapeo es la práctica de inhalar un aerosol creado al calentar un líquido con cigarrillo electrónico. Estos aerosoles contienen tóxicos, compuestos cancerígenos y nicotina, sustancia adictiva. En nuestro país está pro hibida la comercialización del cigarrillo electrónico. La lesión pulmonar aguda asociada al vapeo (EVALI) es una enfermedad respiratoria aguda potencialmente mortal. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 18 años, tabaquis ta, que consultó por falta de aire y fiebre. Presentaba insuficiencia respiratoria hipoxémica y leucocitosis, refiriendo reciente inicio de utilización de cigarrillo electrónico. En la tomografía computarizada de tórax (TC) se observaban extensas áreas en "vidrio esmerilado" bilaterales y áreas de consolidación con broncograma aéreo. Se inició tratamiento antibiótico y se realizó una fibrobroncoscopia que mostró restos hemáticos sin lesiones endoluminales. Se interpretó como EVALI y se indicaron corticoides sistémicos. El paciente evolu cionó favorablemente y egresó a las 48 h de finalizado el tratamiento. En TC de control se observó mejoría de las lesiones. El diagnóstico de EVALI es de exclusión. Existen dife rentes scores que describen la probabilidad de un EVALI. Los Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), pro pusieron en 2019 una definición de caso confirmado de EVALI basado en la exposición al vapeo, las imágenes, la presentación clínica y los antecedentes. La primera notificación de un caso de EVALI en la Argentina fue en el año 2019. Es importante conocer los criterios diagnós ticos para poder iniciar un tratamiento preciso y precoz, considerando el aumento exponencial del uso de ciga rrillo electrónico, principalmente en la población joven.

Abstract Vaping is the practice of inhaling an aerosol cre ated by heating a liquid with an electronic cigarette. These aerosols contain toxic, carcinogenic compounds and nicotine, an addictive substance. In Argentina, the commercialization of electronic cigarettes is prohibited. Acute lung injury associated with vaping (EVALI) is an acute respiratory disease that can be life threatening. An 18-year-old male patient, smoker, consulted for shortness of breath and fever. He presented with hypox emic respiratory failure, and leukocytosis. The patient reported use of electronic cigarettes. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed extensive areas of ground glass opacities with areas of consolidation with air bronchogram. Antibiotic treatment was started and a fibrobronchoscopy was performed, which showed he matic debris, without endoluminal lesions. A diagnosis of EVALI was done and high doses systemic corticoste roids were prescribed. The patient evolved favorably, hewas discharged 48 hours after the end of treatment. In the control ambulatory CT was observed an improve ment of the lesions.561 EVALI is an exclusion diagnosis, so it is necessary to rule out infectious diseases and pulmonary inflamma tory processes. There are different scores that describe the probability of EVALI. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), developed in 2019 a definition of confirmed case based on vape exposure, imaging, clinical presentation and history. In 2019 was first reported an EVALI in Argentina. It is important to know the criteria for a confirmed case to initiate accurate and early treat ment, considering the exponential increase in electronic cigarette use, mainly in the young population.

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Tobacco use is associated with serious health problems. Global efforts, such as the World Health Organization's Framework for Tobacco Control, have reduced tobacco use, but challenges remain. Initially perceived as aids for smoking cessation, e-cigarettes have gained popularity among young people and non-smokers. Government approaches to regulating e-cigarettes range from treating them like tobacco, requiring a prescription for their use to outright bans. Although touted as a valuable alternative, evidence suggests that increased e-cigarette use carries potential direct and indirect health risks, necessitating urgent regulatory measures on a global scale. Lack of defined and uniform regulations poses substantial public health risks, compounded by marketing targeting vulnerable groups. Immediate interventions, public awareness, and research are essential to effectively control the current e-cigarette epidemic.

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We experimentally tested the effects of different concentrations of cigarette butt leachate on freshwater phytoplankton chlorophyll-a, species richness, cell density, and community composition. For this, we sampled the phytoplankton from a eutrophic lake and acclimated it for 24 h in microcosms. We then conducted the experiment in microcosms maintained for 96 h. The experiment consisted of four treatments: control and leachate from 1 butt L-1 (T1), 5 butts L-1 (T5), and 10 butts L-1 (T10), which were prepared by diluting a stock solution of leachate from 50 butts L-1. We found that algal chlorophyll-a content was not affected by different leachate concentrations. In contrast, phytoplankton cell density decreased in a dose-dependent manner as concentrations of the leachate increased. Similarly, the number of species was highest in the control group relative to all other treatments, with T1 and T5 showing higher species richness than T10. Additionally, the exposition to different concentrations of the leachate impacted community composition across all treatments in comparison to the control group. Our results suggest that cigarette butt leachate alters the number of cells and species, as well as the distribution of abundance, without necessarily reducing chlorophyll-a concentrations. Our findings indicate that to gain a comprehensive understanding of the effects of cigarette butt leachate on freshwater ecosystems, it is essential to evaluate more realistic scenarios that incorporate aquatic communities, rather than isolated species.

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Vaping is the practice of inhaling an aerosol created by heating a liquid with an electronic cigarette. These aerosols contain toxic, carcinogenic compounds and nicotine, an addictive substance. In Argentina, the commercialization of electronic cigarettes is prohibited. Acute lung injury associated with vaping (EVALI) is an acute respiratory disease that can be life threatening. An 18-year-old male patient, smoker, consulted for shortness of breath and fever. He presented with hypoxemic respiratory failure, and leukocytosis. The patient reported use of electronic cigarettes. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed extensive areas of ground glass opacities with areas of consolidation with air bronchogram. Antibiotic treatment was started and a fibrobronchoscopy was performed, which showed hematic debris, without endoluminal lesions. A diagnosis of EVALI was done and high doses systemic corticosteroids were prescribed. The patient evolved favorably, hewas discharged 48 hours after the end of treatment. In the control ambulatory CT was observed an improvement of the lesions. EVALI is an exclusion diagnosis, so it is necessary to rule out infectious diseases and pulmonary inflammatory processes. There are different scores that describe the probability of EVALI. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), developed in 2019 a definition of confirmed case based on vape exposure, imaging, clinical presentation and history. In 2019 was first reported an EVALI in Argentina. It is important to know the criteria for a confirmed case to initiate accurate and early treatment, considering the exponential increase in electronic cigarette use, mainly in the young population.

El vapeo es la práctica de inhalar un aerosol creado al calentar un líquido con cigarrillo electrónico. Estos aerosoles contienen tóxicos, compuestos cancerígenos y nicotina, sustancia adictiva. En nuestro país está prohibida la comercialización del cigarrillo electrónico. La lesión pulmonar aguda asociada al vapeo (EVALI) es una enfermedad respiratoria aguda potencialmente mortal. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 18 años, tabaquista, que consultó por falta de aire y fiebre. Presentaba insuficiencia respiratoria hipoxémica y leucocitosis, refiriendo reciente inicio de utilización de cigarrillo electrónico. En la tomografía computarizada de tórax (TC) se observaban extensas áreas en "vidrio esmerilado" bilaterales y áreas de consolidación con broncograma aéreo. Se inició tratamiento antibiótico y se realizó una fibrobroncoscopia que mostró restos hemáticos sin lesiones endoluminales. Se interpretó como EVALI y se indicaron corticoides sistémicos. El paciente evolucionó favorablemente y egresó a las 48 h de finalizado el tratamiento. En TC de control se observó mejoría de las lesiones. El diagnóstico de EVALI es de exclusión. Existen diferentes scores que describen la probabilidad de un EVALI. Los Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), propusieron en 2019 una definición de caso confirmado de EVALI basado en la exposición al vapeo, las imágenes, la presentación clínica y los antecedentes. La primera notificación de un caso de EVALI en la Argentina fue en el año 2019. Es importante conocer los criterios diagnósticos para poder iniciar un tratamiento preciso y precoz, considerando el aumento exponencial del uso de cigarrillo electrónico, principalmente en la población joven.

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INTRODUCTION: Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are promoted as less harmful than cigarettes; nonetheless, whether HTPs help smokers quit is uncertain. METHODS: Data from 4067 Mexican adult smokers surveyed longitudinally every four months (November 2019-March 2021) were analyzed. Mixed-effects multinomial models regressed HTP use frequency (no use=reference; monthly; weekly; and daily use) on sociodemographics and tobacco/nicotine-related variables. Among participants who completed at least two surveys (n=2900) over four months, the duration of their longest smoking quit attempt (SQA) between surveys (SQAs: <30 days; ≥30 days; no SQA=reference) was regressed on HTP use frequency, and changes in the number of cigarettes smoked per day were regressed on HTP initiation between surveys, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: Consistent predictors of all HTP use frequencies (monthly, weekly, or daily vs no use) were daily smoking >5 cigarettes (ARRR=1.69 [95% CI: 1.12-2.55], 1.88 [95% CI: 1.26-2.81] and 6.46 [95% CI: 3.33-12.52], respectively); e-cigarette use (ARRR =5.68 [95% CI: 3.38-9.53], 6.54 [95% CI: 4.06-10.55] and 2.59 [95% CI: 1.26-5.30]); lower HTP risk perceptions (ARRR=2.12 [95% CI: 1.50-30.00], 2.25 [95% CI: 1.63-3.10] and 2.00 [95% CI: 1.25-3.22]); exposure to HTP information inside (ARRR=2.13 [95% CI: 1.44-3.15], 2.13 [95% CI: 1.49-3.05] and 3.72 [95% CI: 2.28-6.09]) and outside stores (ARRR=2.36 [95% CI: 1.56-3.57], 2.32 [95% CI: 1.65-3.25] and 2.44 [95% CI: 1.41-4.24]) where tobacco is sold; having family (ARRR=2.46 [95% CI: 1.54-3.91], 2.90 [95% CI: 1.93-4.37] and 2.96 [95% CI: 1.52-5.77]) and friends (ARRR=5.78 [95% CI: 3.60-9.30], 4.98 [95% CI: 3.22-7.72] and 6.61 [95% CI: 2.91-15.01]) who use HTPs. HTP use frequency was not associated with quit attempts, except for monthly HTP use predicting SQAs lasting ≥30 days (ARRR=2.12 [95% CI: 1.17-3.85]). Initiation of HTP use was not associated with changes in smoking frequency. Limiting analysis to those who intend to quit smoking also yielded null results. CONCLUSIONS: Among Mexican adult smokers, frequency of HTP use was mostly not associated with either cessation behaviors or changes in cigarette consumption, suggesting that HTPs have limited to no effectiveness for smoking cessation.

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O cigarro eletrônico (CE) surgiu como uma alternativa ao uso do cigarro convencional (CC) atuando como um meio de combate ao tabagismo. Apesar de ser considerado menos prejudicial à saúde do que o cigarro convencional, por muitos autores, seu uso não é isento de riscos. O presente estudo visa discutir e elucidar os impactos do uso de cigarros eletrônicos na saúde oral de pacientes adultos jovens. Esta revisão de literatura foi elaborada através da seleção de artigos científicos nos idiomas português e inglês, que abordam os temas de cigarro eletrônico e saúde oral. Utilizaram-se os bancos de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed e Google acadêmico, a busca foi baseada nos seguintes descritores de saúde: cigarro eletrônico, vaping e saúde bucal, e os respectivos em inglês, com limite temporal de 2019 a 2023. Diversas pesquisas relatam os efeitos dos cigarros eletrônicos na saúde bucal, como a xerostomia, halitose, cárie dental, perda e avulsão de elementos dentários, doença periodontal e diversas patologias orais. Além disso, os componentes químicos presentes nos líquidos dos cigarros eletrônicos também podem afetar a saúde bucal, podendo levar a danos no esmalte dentário e riscos desconhecidos as células e tecidos da cavidade oral. Logo, é necessário abordar o impacto que os cigarros eletrônicos causam e seus riscos à saúde bucal, além dos riscos já conhecidos para saúde geral dos usuários. Os profissionais de saúde devem estar atentos a essa questão e incluir informações sobre o uso de cigarros eletrônicos em suas avaliações e orientações aos pacientes.

The electronic cigarette (EC) emerged as an alternative to conventional cigarette (CC) use, acting as a means to combat smoking. Despite being considered less harmful to health than conventional cigarettes by many authors, its use is not without risks. The present study aims to discuss and elucidate the impacts of electronic cigarette use on the oral health of young adult patients. This literature review was conducted through the selection of scientific articles in Portuguese and English languages, addressing the topics of electronic cigarettes and oral health. The databases used included the Virtual Health Library (BVS), PubMed, and Google Scholar. The search was based on the following health descriptors: electronic cigarette, vaping, and oral health, and their English equivalents, with a time limit from 2019 to 2023. Several studies report the effects of electronic cigarettes on oral health, such as xerostomia, halitosis, dental caries, tooth loss and avulsion, periodontal disease, and various oral pathologies. Furthermore, the chemical components present in electronic cigarette liquids can also impact oral health, potentially leading to dental enamel damage and unknown risks to oral cavity cells and tissues. Therefore, it is necessary to address the impact and risks of electronic cigarettes on oral health, in addition to the known risks to users' overall health. Health professionals should be attentive to this issue and include information about electronic cigarette use in their assessments and patient guidance.

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With highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection has become a treatable chronic disease. However, modifiable risk factors such as cigarette smoking continue to impact the morbidity and mortality of people with HIV (PWH). We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with cigarette smoking and motivation to quit among PWH in Western Jamaica. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 392 adults seeking HIV care at health facilities in Western Jamaica completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Current smoking prevalence among participants was 17.4%. Current smoking was significantly associated with being male (OR = 2.99), non-Christian/non-Rastafarian (OR = 2.34), living or working with another smoker (aOR =1.86), being moderate to severely depressed (OR = 3.24), having an alcohol drinking problem (OR = 1.84), and never being asked by a healthcare provider if they smoked (OR = 3.24). Among the PWH who currently smoke, 36.7% are moderately to highly dependent on nicotine. One-third of people who smoke (33.8%) started smoking for the first time after HIV diagnosis, while 66.2% initiated smoking before; 88% were willing to quit smoking. These findings provide baseline information for designing and implementing a comprehensive smoking cessation program that considers the needs of PWH in Jamaica, with the potential of becoming a replicable model for other HIV-specialized healthcare settings in the Caribbean.

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Leukocyte and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) is part of the second generation of platelet-concentrates. L-PRF derived from nonsmokers has been used in surgical procedures, with its beneficial effects in wound healing being proven to stimulate biological activities such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and differentiation. Cigarette smoking exerts detrimental effects on tissue healing and is associated with post-surgical complications; however, evidence about the biological effects of L-PRF derived from smokers is limited. This study evaluated the impact of L-PRF secretome (LPRFS) derived from smokers and nonsmokers on angiogenesis and osteoblast differentiation. LPRFS was obtained by submerging L-PRF membranes derived from smokers or nonsmokers in culture media and was used to treat endothelial cells (HUVEC) or SaOs-2 cells. Angiogenesis was evaluated by tubule formation assay, while osteoblast differentiation was observed by alkaline phosphatase and osterix protein levels, as well as in vitro mineralization. LPRFS treatments increased angiogenesis, alkaline phosphatase, and osterix levels. Treatment with 50% of LPRFS derived from smokers and nonsmokers in the presence of osteogenic factors stimulates in vitro mineralization significantly. Nevertheless, differences between LPRFS derived from smokers and nonsmokers were not found. Both LPRFS stimulated angiogenesis and osteoblast differentiation in vitro; however, clinical studies are required to determine the beneficial effect of LPRFS in smokers.

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Cigarette filters were utilized as carbon source for the production of solid carbon acid catalysts. In this study, the process of carbonization and simultaneous sulfonation via hydrothermal treatment was employed. The catalysts were prepared by mixing cigarette filters and sulfuric acid at temperatures of 100, 150, and 190 °C for durations ranging from 2 to 8 h. It was observed that the highest conversion of oleic acid occurred when the catalyst was synthesized at 190 °C for 4 h. The optimized conditions for the esterification reaction using this catalyst included an oleic acid to methanol molar ratio of 1:12, a catalyst loading of 5 wt%, and a temperature of 100 °C for 1 h. Additionally, the catalyst was successfully reused four times without significantly impacting the reaction yield. These findings highlight a promising approach for the utilization of waste materials, with immediate implications for waste management practices and positive environmental impacts.

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Cigarette butts (CBs) are the most common type of beach litter worldwide and contain a complex mixture of chemicals. Given the recent interest in this emerging problem, it is important to assess the toxicity of CB leachates to a range of species from different regions, sensitivities, and ecological traits. We evaluated the waterborne toxicity of smoked CB to tropical invertebrates. Leachates were prepared in the laboratory and characterized for trace elements (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb), ammonia nitrogen, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Then a set of toxicity tests with marine invertebrates was performed as follows: the brine shrimp Artemia sp. (nontoxic); the amphipod Tiburonella viscana (median lethal concentration [LC50] of 0.038 CB/L); the tanaid Monokalliapseudes schubarti (LC50 of 0.126 CB/L); the copepods Tisbe biminiensis (median effect concentration [EC50] of 0.038 CB/L) and Nitokra sp. (EC50 of 0.009 CB/L); pluteus stage larvae of the sea urchin Echinometra lucunter (EC50 of 0.152 CB/L); the sand dollar Mellita quinquiesperforata (EC50 of 0.054 CB/L); and D-stage larvae of the mussel Perna perna (EC50 of 0.005 CB/L). The predicted no-effect concentration was estimated using species sensitivity distribution, producing a 5th percentile hazard concentration of 0.015 CB/L. This preliminary threshold allowed us to estimate the potential impact of a single CB to 67 L of seawater via leaching, contributing to the advancement of knowledge regarding the contamination, toxicity, and ecological risks of cigarette waste. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:374-384. © 2023 SETAC.

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Objective: To compare the effects of vaping and cigarette smoking and indicate their impact on periodontal health. Material and Methods: A total of 90 subjects divided into three groups. Group I: 30 Traditional cigarettes smoker who have smoked up to 10 cigarettes, Group II: 30 electronic cigarettes subjects who have been using vape at least one year and never smoke, and Group III: 30 subjects who have no smoking history. Using a mirror and a periodontal probe, periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, probing depth and clinical attachment loss) were used to evaluate periodontal health. Results: The findings showed that the periodontal parameters had a highly significant differences at P ≤ 0.01 between traditional and electronic smoking groups. While clinical attachment loss demonstrated non-significant difference P ≥ 0.05 in comparison between electronic cigarettes and the group who never smoke. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that traditional cigarettes and electronic cigarettes both had unfavorable impact on periodontal health status, never the less quit smoking showed positive impacts on periodontal parameters (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo foi comparar os efeitos do uso do cigarro eletrônico e do cigarro convencional, indicando seus impactos na saúde bucal. Material e Método: 90 indivíduos foram divididos igualmente em três grupos: Grupo I, usuários de cigarro convencional que fumaram até 10 cigarros por dia; Grupo II: usuários de cigarro eletrônico que utilizam este por pelo menos há 1 ano e não fumavam antes disso; Grupo III: usuários sem qualquer história de hábitos tabagistas. Utilizando um espelho bucal e uma sonda periodontal, parâmetros periodontais (índice de placa, índice gengival, profundidade de sondagem e perda de inserção clínica) foram coletados para avaliar a saúde periodontal. Resultados: As evidências mostraram que os parâmetros periodontais apresentaram diferença significativa (P ≤ 0.01) entre os grupos I e II. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que tanto o uso de cigarro convencional como o de cigarro eletrônico possuem impactos desfavoráveis na saúde periodontal, e que a cessação do uso destes mostraram impactos positivos nos parâmetros periodontais(AU)

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Em um Brasil no qual os indicadores de empobrecimento da população seguem aumentando, preocupa o fato de que indivíduos gastem dinheiro para comprar cigarro em vez de usarem esse recurso em ações que fortaleçam aspectos do bem-estar de suas jornadas de vida e de suas famílias. Estimou-se, a partir da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2019, a influência que o gasto com cigarro industrializado teve no orçamento familiar nos domicílios com pelo menos um fumante, estratificada por características sociodemográficas. Os fumantes brasileiros destinaram cerca de 8% do rendimento médio mensal domiciliar per capita para a compra de cigarros industrializados. O percentual do gasto médio mensal chegou a quase 10% desse rendimento, entre os fumantes de 15 a 24 anos, e foi ainda maior para aqueles com Ensino Fundamental incompleto (aproximadamente 11%). Nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do país, esse gasto ultrapassou os 9%. O estado com o maior comprometimento da renda domiciliar foi o Acre (13,6%), seguido por Alagoas (11,9%), Ceará, Pará e Tocantins (todos com aproximadamente 11%). Nossos achados reforçam, portanto, a importância de fortalecer a implementação de medidas efetivas de redução da proporção de fumantes, tal como a política tributária. Dessa forma, o dinheiro que atualmente é destinado pelos indivíduos à compra de cigarros poderá ser revertido no atendimento de suas necessidades básicas, contribuindo para a promoção da saúde e melhoria da qualidade de vida.

In a country whose indicators of population impoverishment continue to increase, it is concerning that individuals spend money to buy cigarettes instead of using this resource in actions that strengthen aspects of the well-being of their lives and that of their families. Based on the Brazilian National Health Survey conducted in 2019, the influence of spending on manufactured cigarettes on the family budget in households with at least one smoker was estimated, stratified by sociodemographic characteristics. Brazilian smokers allocated around 8% of their average per capita monthly household income to the purchase of manufactured cigarettes. The percentage of average monthly expenditure on cigarettes reached almost 10% of this income among smokers aged 15 to 24 and was even higher for those with incomplete elementary education (approximately 11%). In the North and Northeast regions of the country, this expenditure exceeded 9%. The state with the most significant impact on household income was Acre (13.6%), followed by Alagoas (11.9%), Ceará, Pará, and Tocantins (all with approximately 11%). Our findings, therefore, reinforce the importance of strengthening the implementation of effective measures, such as tax policy, to reduce the proportion of smokers. Thus, the money that individuals currently allocate to purchase cigarettes can be used to meet their basic needs, contributing to the promotion of health and improving the quality of life.

En un Brasil donde los indicadores de empobrecimiento de la población siguen aumentando, es preocupante el hecho de que las personas gasten dinero para comprar cigarrillo en lugar de usarlo en acciones para fortalecer los aspectos del bienestar de sus vidas y la de sus familias. A partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud brasileña realizada en 2019, se estimó la influencia del gasto en cigarrillo industrializado en el presupuesto familiar de los hogares donde vivía al menos un fumador, estratificado por características sociodemográficas. Los fumadores brasileños destinaron alrededor del 8% del ingreso per cápita mensual promedio del hogar para la compra de cigarrillos industrializados. El porcentaje del gasto mensual promedio en cigarrillos alcanzó casi el 10% de este ingreso entre los fumadores de 15 a 24 años y fue aún mayor para los que tenían educación primaria incompleta (aproximadamente el 11%). En el Norte y Nordeste del país, ese gasto superó el 9%. El estado con un mayor compromiso con los ingresos del hogar fue Acre (el 13,6%), seguido por Alagoas (el 11,9%), Ceará, Pará y Tocantins (todos con aproximadamente el 11%). Por lo tanto, nuestros resultados resaltan la importancia de fortalecer la implementación de medidas efectivas para reducir la proporción de fumadores, tal como la política tributaria. Así, el dinero que actualmente las personas destinan a la compra de cigarrillos podría utilizarse en la atención de sus necesidades básicas, contribuyendo a promover la salud y la mejora de la calidad de vida.

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Tobacco misuse as a comorbidity of schizophrenia is frequently established during adolescence. However, comorbidity markers are still missing. Here, the method of label-free proteomics was used to identify deregulated proteins in the medial prefrontal cortex (prelimbic and infralimbic) of male and female mice modelled to schizophrenia with a history of nicotine exposure during adolescence. Phencyclidine (PCP), used to model schizophrenia (SCHZ), was combined with an established model of nicotine minipump infusions (NIC). The combined insults led to worse outcomes than each insult separately when considering the absolute number of deregulated proteins and that of exclusively deregulated ones. Partially shared Reactome pathways between sexes and between PCP, NIC and PCPNIC groups indicate functional overlaps. Distinctively, proteins differentially expressed exclusively in PCPNIC mice reveal unique effects associated with the comorbidity model. Interactome maps of these proteins identified sex-selective subnetworks, within which some proteins stood out: for females, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (Fkbp1a) and heat shock 70 kDa protein 1B (Hspa1b), both components of the oxidative stress subnetwork, and gamma-enolase (Eno2), a component of the energy metabolism subnetwork; and for males, amphiphysin (Amph), a component of the synaptic transmission subnetwork. These are proposed to be further investigated and validated as markers of the combined insult during adolescence.

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RESUMO

Anthropogenic Marine Litter (AML) accumulating on beaches causes damage to coastal ecosystems and high costs to local communities. Volunteers sampled AML on 130 beaches along the central and southern East Pacific coasts, with AML densities ranging from 0.46 to 2.26 items m-2 in the different countries. AML composition was dominated by plastics and cigarette butts, the latter especially in Mexico and Chile. The accumulation of AML in the upper zones of the beaches and substantial proportions of cigarette butts, glass and metal pointed mainly to local sources. Statistical modelling of litter sources on continental beaches revealed that tourism, access and related infrastructure (e.g. parking lots) best explained AML densities, while plastic densities were also influenced by the distance from river mouths and national Gross Domestic Product. Large-scale monitoring can be a useful tool to evaluate the effectiveness of public policies that should primarily focus on land sources.

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