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1.
J Intellect Disabil Res ; 63(3): 225-232, 2019 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30536814

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The association of behavioural phenotype assessment with cytogenomic characterisation may provide a better comprehension of genotype-phenotype correlations in syndromes caused by chromosomal abnormalities, such as 18p deletion syndrome. METHOD: We report on four Brazilian patients with 18p deletion syndrome characterised by cytogenomic techniques and detailed neuropsychological evaluation. Intellectual, adaptive and behavioural characteristics were assessed through the Wechsler's Scales, the Vineland-II Scale and the Child Behaviour Checklist, respectively. Socio-economic measures including main caretaker educational level and family income as defined by Brazilian criteria for social class classification were also collected to evaluate a possible contribution of environmental factors in neurocognitive variability. RESULTS: Two out of four patients showed intellectual disability (IQ < 70). Wechsler's scale results suggest that in our sample, interpretation of social situations based on observation of non-verbal behaviour constitute a cognitive strength while judgement of social rules and language skills associated with word knowledge and verbal fluency may be a cognitive weakness. Concerning adaptive behaviour, motor and socialisation domains showed to better develop than communication and daily living skills on the Vineland-II Scale. Only one patient presented internalising behavioural problems based on the Child Behaviour Checklist. Our results also suggested that socio-economic status may contribute to overall patient development. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that some 18p deletion syndrome patients may present average intellectual performance and that the segment deletion size and some families' socio-economic conditions may influence cognitive development.


Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Deleção Cromossômica , Transtornos Cromossômicos , Deficiência Intelectual , Comportamento Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adaptação Psicológica/fisiologia , Adulto , Brasil , Criança , Transtornos Cromossômicos/complicações , Transtornos Cromossômicos/genética , Transtornos Cromossômicos/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Cromossômicos/psicologia , Cromossomos Humanos Par 18/genética , Feminino , Testes Genéticos , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/etiologia , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/fisiopatologia , Deficiência Intelectual/psicologia , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
2.
Bol. méd. postgrado ; 34(1): 19-25, Ene-Jun. 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1121143

RESUMO

El Síndrome del Anillo del Cromosoma 18 (18 [(r)18]) es un trastorno cromosómico que se incluye dentro de las anomalías estructurales desequilibradas donde dicho cromosoma se encuentra en forma de anillo el cual resulta de la pérdida simultánea de ambos segmentos terminales de los brazos corto y largo con la subsecuente fusión de sus extremos, constituyendo una estructura circular que microscópicamente se asemeja a un anillo, de allí su nomenclatura r (del inglés ring, que significa anillo). Tiene una incidencia de 1/40.000 nacidos vivos y hasta la fecha se han reportado aproximadamente entre 80 a 100 casos a nivel mundial sin embargo sólo existen alrededor de nueve reportes de r(18) en mosaico, aislado o asociado con otras alteraciones cromosómicas. A continuación, se presenta el caso de una paciente pediátrica con Síndrome del Anillo del cromosoma 18 estudiado y diagnosticado en la Unidad de Genética Médica de la Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado en Barquisimeto, Venezuela, con la correspondiente revisión de la literatura relacionada con este síndrome(AU)


Chromosome 18 Ring Syndrome (18 [(r) 18]) is a chromosomal disorder that is included among the unbalanced structural anomalies in which chromosome 18 has a ring form which results from the simultaneous loss of both terminal segments of the short and long arms with the subsequent fusion of their ends forming a circular structure that microscopically resembles a ring, hence its nomenclature r (of the English ring, which means ring).18r Syndrome has an incidence of 1/40,000 live births; to date approximately 80-100 cases worldwide have been reported. There are only about nine reports of r(18) in mosaic, isolated or associated with other chromosomal alterations. We present a case of a pediatric patient with Chromosome 18 Ring Syndrome, evaluated and diagnosed in the Unidad de Genética Médica of the Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado in Barquisimeto, Venezuela with the corresponding review of the literature(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Cromossomos em Anel , Cromossomos Humanos Par 18 , Estruturas Celulares , Transtornos Dismórficos Corporais , Pediatria , Cariótipo , Genética
3.
BAG, J. basic appl. genet. (Online) ; 29(1): 17-23, jun. 2018. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089038

RESUMO

The 18p tetrasomy is a structural chromosomal abnormality with the presence of an extra isochromosome 18p, caused by a nondisjunction failure during maternal meiosis II. This additional i(18p) occurs in 1 of 180,000 live-born children worldwide, affecting males and females equally. It is characterized by craniofacial dysmorphisms; ears, nose and throat (ENT) abnormalities; musculoskeletal alterations; and global development delay. We aim to present the clinical and cytogenetic findings of a 3-year-10-month-old Latin American male with i(18p), to support the gene dosage effects, comparing his features with the ones reported in literature. This patient was product of the second pregnancy of a 39-year-old woman and the first son of a 49-year-old man. His main clinical features were microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, generalized hypotonia, and developmental delay. A blood sample of the patient was required to perform a GTG-banded karyotype and a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for chromosome 18 short arm. In addition, an SNP microarray analysis was carried out to detect genomic imbalances. Cytogenetic analysis revealed the presence of a metacentric supernumerary marker chromosome. The FISH study confirmed the origin of the marker chromosome by showing two signals for the 18p subtelomere and an intermediate signal for the 18 centromere. The microarray analysis showed a copy number gain of 18,385 Mb within the 18p.Tetrasomy tends to be a result of de novo events. The presence of the patient's isochromosome could be explained by advanced maternal age as it is known that this factor has high influence in isochromosome formation. Despite that there were no genes associated with the i(18p)'s clinical manifestations, these features are negatively correlated with dosage effects of the entire short arm. Physical and language therapy was recommended to the patient; the family received medical orientation, and awareness in family planning was raised.


La tetrasomía 18p es una anormalidad cromosómica estructural con la presencia de un isocromosoma extra 18p, causado por una no disyunción durante la meiosis materna II. Este adicional i(18p) ocurre en 1 de 180.000 niños nacidos vivos en todo el mundo, y afecta a hombres y mujeres por igual. Se caracteriza por dismorfias craneofaciales; anomalías en oídos, nariz y garganta (ENT); alteraciones musculoesqueléticas y del desarrollo global. Nuestro objetivo es presentar los hallazgos clínicos y citogenéticos de un varón latinoamericano de 3 años y 10 meses de edad con i(18p), para explicar los efectos de dosificación génica, comparando sus características con las reportadas en la literatura. Este paciente es producto del segundo embarazo de una mujer de 39 años y el primer hijo de un hombre de 49 años. Sus principales características clínicas fueron microcefalia, dismorfia facial, hipotonía generalizada y retraso global en el desarrollo. Se requirió una muestra de sangre del paciente para realizar un cariotipo con bandas GTG y una hibridación fluorescente in situ (FISH) para el análisis del brazo corto del cromosoma 18. Además, se llevó a cabo un análisis de microarreglos para detectar desequilibrios genómicos. El análisis citogenético reveló la presencia de un cromosoma supernumerario metacéntrico. Mientras que el estudio FISH confirma el origen del cromosoma marcador al mostrar dos señales para subtelómeros 18p y una señal intermedia para el centrómero 18. El análisis de microarreglos mostró una ganancia en el número de copias de 18,385 Mb dentro de la región 18p.La tetrasomía tiende a ser el resultado de eventos de novo. El isocromosoma del paciente podría explicarse por la edad materna avanzada, ya que se sabe que tiene una gran influencia en su formación. A pesar de que no hay genes asociados con las manifestaciones clínicas de i(18p), estas características están negativamente correlacionadas con los efectos de dosificación de todo el brazo corto. Se le recomendó terapia física y de lenguaje al paciente, la familia recibió orientación médica y se concientiza sobre la planificación familiar.

4.
Am J Med Genet A ; 173(1): 143-150, 2017 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27633903

RESUMO

We report a boy carrying a recombinant chromosome 18, with terminal deletion of 10.8 Mb from 18p11.32 to 18p11.21 and a terminal duplication of 22.8 Mb from 18q21.31 to 18q23, resulting from a maternal pericentric inversion of the chromosome 18. He presented with poor growth, developmental delay, facial dysmorphisms, surgically repaired left cleft lip and palate, a mild form of holoprosencephaly characterized by single central incisor and agenesis of the septum pellucidum, and body asymmetry. Based on the systematic review of the literature, we discuss genotype-phenotype correlation and the risk for the recombinants of pericentric inversions of chromosome 18. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Assuntos
Deleção Cromossômica , Duplicação Cromossômica , Inversão Cromossômica , Estudos de Associação Genética , Herança Materna , Cariótipo Anormal , Anormalidades Múltiplas/diagnóstico , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Criança , Fácies , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fenótipo , Recombinação Genética , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
5.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 114(6): e448-e449, 2016 Dec 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27869431

RESUMO

Deletion on the short arm of chromosome 18 is an infrequent syndrome and it is characterized by the following features: mental retardation, growth retardation, craniofacial malformations such as large ears, microcephaly, and short neck. The phenotypical spectrum is a wide range of abnormalities including minor congenital abnormalities to holoprosencephaly. We present a case of a 10 year old girl who is found to have a deletion on the short arm of chromosome 18 (18p11.32-p11.21), by conventional cytogenetic analysis and comparative genomic hybridization.


El síndrome por deleción del brazo corto del cromosoma 18 es poco frecuente. Se caracteriza por retardo mental, retardo en el crecimiento, malformaciones craneofaciales, que incluyen orejas largas, macrocefalia y cuello corto. La variabilidad fenotípica va desde anomalías congénitas menores a holoprosencefalia. Se presenta un caso de una niña de 10 años con deleción del brazo corto del cromosoma 18 (18p11.32-p11.21), caracterizado por citiogenética convencional e hibridación genómica comparada.


Assuntos
Transtornos Cromossômicos/diagnóstico , Criança , Deleção Cromossômica , Transtornos Cromossômicos/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 18/genética , Hibridização Genômica Comparativa , Feminino , Humanos , Fenótipo
6.
Colomb. med ; 41(4): 367-372, oct.-dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-573031

RESUMO

Introduction: The syndrome by deletion of the short arm of chromosome 18 is an infrequent syndrome, and its phenotypical variability makes it difficult to recognize. Its most frequently observed clinical characteristics include mental retardation, growth retardation, craniofacial malformations, including long ears, microcephaly and short neck; other less frequent associated malformations include holoprosencephaly. Case report: We present two patients with deletion of the short arm of chromosome 18, one presented a de novo mutation and the other was produced by a balanced translocation 6p/18p of maternal origin. Both patients presented alobar holoprosencephaly and cebocephaly, low-frequency clinical characteristics in this syndrome. Discussion: alobar holoprosencephaly is a malformation appearing in 10% of patients with deletion of the short arm of chromosome 18; we review the probable physiopathology of holoprosencephaly in this syndrome.


Introducción: El síndrome por deleción del brazo corto del cromosoma 18, es un síndrome poco frecuente y su variabilidad fenotípica lo hace difícil de reconocer. Las características clínicas observadas con más frecuencia incluyen retardo mental y de crecimiento, malformaciones craneofaciales que incluyen orejas largas, microcefalia y cuello corto; otras malformaciones asociadas menos frecuentes incluyen la holoprosencefalia. Reporte de casos: Se presentan dos pacientes con deleción del brazo corto del cromosoma 18, uno presentado de novo y otro producido por translocación balanceada 6p/18p de origen materno. Ambos pacientes presentaron holoprosencefalia alobar y cebocefalia, características clínicas de baja frecuencia en este síndrome. Discusión: La holoprosencefalia alobar es una malformación que se presenta en 10% de los pacientes con deleción del brazo corto del cromosoma 18; se revisa la probable fisiopatología de la holoprosencefalia en este síndrome.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Recém-Nascido , Holoprosencefalia , Genética , Microcefalia
7.
Acta méd. costarric ; 51(4): 236-240, oct. - dic. 2009. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-581045

RESUMO

En Costa Rica, el diagnóstico de anomalías cromosómicas fetales se realiza solo mediante el análisis citogenético convencional de cromosomas obtenidos de cultivos celulares. Además de que la espera por los resultados puede ser larga, con alguna frecuencia fracasa el cultivo, por contaminación o por mala calidad de la muestra, o las figuras mitóticas no se pueden analizar, por lo que es necesario disponer de una metodología sencilla y barata, para obtener un diagnóstico prenatal rápido y fiable de trisomía 21, 18 ó 13, en embarazos de alto riesgo genético sometidos a amniocentesis o cordocentesis. Métodos: Se diseñaron tres PCRs multiplex para amplificar cuatro distintas repeticiones cortas en tándem, de cada uno de los cromosomas 21, 18 y 13. Se colectaron 93 muestras (88 líquidos amnióticos y 5 sangres fetales), recibidas en el laboratorio entre 2006 y 2008, con solicitud de análisis cromosómico. Los resultados de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa cuantitativa fluorescente, fueron comparados con el cariotipo obtenido de las mismas muestras para demostrar la fiabilidad del ensayo. Resultados: Para este grupo de datos, la exactitud del ensayo fue del 100 por ciento y se consiguió obtener resultados en 48 horas. Se logró realizar el análisis de repeticiones cortas en tándem en el 77 por ciento de las muestras en las que no se pudo obtener crecimiento celular. Conclusión: La reacción en cadena de la polimerasa cuantitativa fluorescente demostró ser una metodología sencilla, fiable y rápida, por lo que podría convertirse en una herramienta complementaria del análisis cromosómico convencional. La obtención de resultados rápidos en casos de diagnóstico prenatal podría disminuir el periodo de ansiedad parental por la espera de los resultados, así como permitir un mejor abordaje terapéutico de los fetos afectados.


In Costa Rica, the diagnosis of chromosomal fetal anomalies is realizedonly by conventional cytogenetic analysis of chromosomes obtained from cellular cultures. The waiting for the results can be long. Moreover with some frequency culture fails due tocontamination or bad quality of the sample or they cannot be analyzed. This makes it necessary to have a simple and cheap methodology to obtain an accurate and rapid fetal diagnosis of trisomy 21, 18 or 13, in pregnancies of high genetic risk submitted to amniocentesis or cordocentesis. Materials and methods: Three multiplex PCRs were designed to amplify four different short tandem repeats of each of the chromosomes 21, 18 and 13. There were collected 93 samples (88amniotic fluids and 5 fetal bloods), received in the laboratory between 2006 and 2008 with request ofor chromosomal analysis. The results of the quantitative fluorescent PCR werecompared with the obtained cariotype of the same samples to stablish the accuracy demonstrate the reliability of the assay. Results: Accuracy of the assay was 100% and it was possible to obtain results within 48 hours.STRs analysis could be made in 77% of the samples where the cellular culture could not be done. Conclusion: The quantitative fluorescent PCR demonstrated to be a simple, accurate and rapid methodology, from what it might turn into a complementary tool of the chromosomal conventional analysis. The securing of rapid results in cases of antenatal diagnosis might diminish the period of anxiety parental for the waiting of the results, as well as to allow a better therapeutic management of the affected fetuses.


Assuntos
Humanos , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Cromossomos , Análise Citogenética , Gravidez , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Costa Rica
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