RESUMO
This study examined the prevalence and risk factors associated to victimization by caregivers in a national large sample of Chilean children and adolescents. 19,687 children and adolescents aged 12-17, selected by random probability sampling of 699 public schools in Chile who were surveyed by trained interviewers. Victimization by Caregivers was evaluated through a module of the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ). The prevalence (12 months) for physical abuse were (12.9%), for emotional abuse (27.9%), neglect (5.3%) and parental interference (3.5%). The results suggest as risk factors, sex, age, migration status, disability, geographical location, and type of school. The findings highlight the urgent need to address the issue of child maltreatment and victimization by caregivers in Chilean society and minimize its impact.
RESUMO
The literature has shown that including children's perspectives in intimate partner violence (IPV) field research will improve our understanding of this violence and its impact on the well-being of victims. Furthermore, the literature suggests that children are not passive witnesses. Rather, they use a variety of strategies to cope with IPV. The aim of this research is to understand the experiences and coping strategies of children who have lived through IPV between their parents/caregivers. The participants of this study were nine children between the ages of 8 and 12 years (five girls and four boys). These participants were recruited from a specialized program in Chile focused on the maltreatment of children. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and a thematic narrative analysis was used to identify recurring themes from the interviews. The results showed that children used a variety of coping strategies when an episode of violence was occurring. The aim of these coping strategies included the following: (a) emotional and behavioral self-regulation, (b) seeking social support, (c) avoiding emotional reactions related to IPV episodes, (d) escaping violent episodes, and (e) intervening to stop the IPV and protect their mothers. Along with these coping mechanisms, the results reveal that children often not only have to confront IPV when it is present in their families but are also potentially subjected to other types of victimization. The findings of this study highlight that children are active subjects with agency in response to episodes of IPV and respond through a range of actions and coping mechanisms. The researchers emphasize the relevance of integrating and validating the voices of children in research, given that children are direct victims of IPV and a high-risk group for other types of child victimization.
Assuntos
Vítimas de Crime , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo , Criança , Chile , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mães , ViolênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To reveal the prevalence of corporal punishment in a rural area of Colombia and its correlates to family structure and other socio-demographic variables. METHOD: A survey about childrearing and childcare was developed for this study, including a specific question about corporal punishment that was developed based on the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Family structure was categorized as follows, based on previous literature: 'nuclear family,' 'single parent' family, 'extended family,' 'simultaneous family' and 'composed family.' RESULTS: Forty-one percent of the parents surveyed admitted they had used corporal punishment of their children as a disciplinary strategy. The type of family structure, the number of children living at home, the age of the children, the gender of the parent who answered the survey, and the age and gender of the partner were significant predictors of corporal punishment. CONCLUSION: Family structure is an important variable in the understanding of corporal punishment, especially in regard to nuclear families that have a large number of children and parents who started their parental role early in life.
Assuntos
Educação Infantil/psicologia , Características da Família , Punição/psicologia , População Rural , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia , Violência Doméstica/psicologia , Violência Doméstica/estatística & dados numéricos , Pai/psicologia , Pai/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mães/psicologia , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , Relações Pais-Filho , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
La victimización infantil es un fenómeno complejo de la sociedad conocido desde hace siglos. Hacia 1946, se crea la UNICEF, como primer organismo internacional para proteger la infancia, siendo esta la base para llegar a la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño y posteriormente a la Cumbre sobre la Infancia de 1990. El incremento de la victimización infantil está estrechamente vinculado a la globalización que vive el mundo. La violencia infantil está asociada a la falta de preocupación de los estados por legislar primeramente y luego hacer cumplir las leyes que protejan a los infantes. Se tipifican algunos delitos contra los menores así como las diferentes modalidades de explotación infantil: tráfico de menores, la pornografía y prostitución infantil así como el contrabando de órganos. Se plantea que en la inmensa mayoría de los países del mundo, el trabajo no constituye una forma de capacitación y sin duda, una forma de explotación y violación de los derechos del niño. La violencia se manifiesta independientemente del sexo, raza o precedencia étnica, produciéndose de manera indistinta el abuso sexual, el físico o el emocional. La violencia contra la infancia está presente en todas las esferas de la sociedad capitalista haciéndose más crítica en los países del tercer mundo. Las acciones emprendidas por Cuba, Venezuela y otros, son ejemplos de cuanto se alcanza con mucha voluntad política y pocos recursos en la defensa de los derechos del niño.
The child victimisation is a complex phenomenon of the society known for centuries. In 1946, UNICEF was created as first international organization to protect childhood, being the basis for the Convention on the Rights of Childhood and subsequently the Summit on the Childhood in 1990. The increased child victimisation is closely linked to the globalization. The child violence is associated to lack of concern by the states regarding legislation and putting into effect laws that protect the infants. This article categorizes some crimes against children as well as different forms of child exploitation (children traffic, infant pornography and child prostitution as well as organ smuggling.) It is stated that in most of the countries, child work is not a way of training but exploitation and violation of the child's rights. Violence is present regardless of sex, race or ethnic origin leading to sexual abuse. Violence against children is present in all the spheres of the capitalist society, being more acute in the Third World countries. The actions undertaken by Cuba, Venezuela and others are examples of the achievements that can be attained in the defense of the children's rights with much political willingness and few resources.