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OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between Growth Hormone Insulin-like Growth Factors (GH-IGFs) and growth retardation in children with bronchial asthma. METHODS: 112 children with bronchial asthma and 50 healthy children were studied. Serum GH, IGF-1, and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP3) were assessed by ELISA. GH-IGFs-related parameters were compared, and the correlation between the parameters and bronchial asthma severity was analyzed. The bronchial asthma group was divided into the growth retardation group and non-growth retardation group to analyze the diagnostic value of GH-IGFs in growth retardation and the relationship between GH-IGFs and growth retardation. RESULTS: GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 in the bronchial asthma group were lower. GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 levels were decreased with the severity of bronchial asthma. GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 in the growth retardation group were lower than those in the non-growth retardation group. The AUC of GH-IGFs combined detection was higher than that of GH and IGFBP3 alone detection. GH < 9.27 µg/L and IGF-1 < 179.53 mmoL/L were risk factors for growth retardation in patients with bronchial asthma. CONCLUSION: GH-IGFs-related parameters have diagnostic value for growth retardation in children, and decreased levels of GH and IGF-1 are risk factors for growth retardation in children.
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Asma , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Transtornos do Crescimento , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano , Proteína 3 de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante à Insulina , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Humanos , Asma/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Proteína 3 de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante à Insulina/sangue , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/análise , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Transtornos do Crescimento/sangue , Transtornos do Crescimento/etiologia , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Pré-Escolar , Valores de Referência , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , AdolescenteRESUMO
Abstract Objective To explore the relationship between Growth Hormone Insulin-like Growth Factors (GH-IGFs) and growth retardation in children with bronchial asthma. Methods 112 children with bronchial asthma and 50 healthy children were studied. Serum GH, IGF-1, and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP3) were assessed by ELISA. GH-IGFs-related parameters were compared, and the correlation between the parameters and bronchial asthma severity was analyzed. The bronchial asthma group was divided into the growth retardation group and non-growth retardation group to analyze the diagnostic value of GH-IGFs in growth retardation and the relationship between GH-IGFs and growth retardation. Results GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 in the bronchial asthma group were lower. GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 levels were decreased with the severity of bronchial asthma. GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 in the growth retardation group were lower than those in the non-growth retardation group. The AUC of GH-IGFs combined detection was higher than that of GH and IGFBP3 alone detection. GH < 9.27 μg/L and IGF-1 < 179.53 mmoL/L were risk factors for growth retardation in patients with bronchial asthma. Conclusion GH-IGFs-related parameters have diagnostic value for growth retardation in children, and decreased levels of GH and IGF-1 are risk factors for growth retardation in children.
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El asma bronquial sigue siendo la enfermedad crónica más frecuente en la infancia. Su prevalencia continúa aumentando a pesar de que en la actualidad se disponen de eficaces manuales terapéuticos para el correcto manejo de los principales síntomas de la enfermedad. El tratamiento no farmacológico de este padecimiento se fundamenta en tres pilares esenciales: la educación sobre la enfermedad, las guías para profesionales y pacientes y la fisioterapia respiratoria. Los pacientes que tienen un tratamiento fisioterapéutico y rehabilitador de manera habitual, tienen una mejoría significativa en el control del asma, especialmente si estos se practican bajo la supervisión de un fisioterapeuta. Los beneficios que los pacientes asmáticos logran con la fisioterapia y la rehabilitación son numerosos y uno de los efectos más importante es el impacto positivo sobre la calidad de vida.
Bronchial asthma continues to be the most common chronic disease in childhood. Its prevalence continues to increase despite the fact that effective therapeutic manuals are currently available for the correct management of the main symptoms of the disease. The non-pharmacological treatment of this condition is based on three pillars: education about the disease, guides for professionals and patients, and respiratory physiotherapy. Patients who have regular physiotherapy and rehabilitation treatment have a significant improvement in asthma control, especially if these are practiced under the supervision of a physiotherapist. The benefits that asthmatic patients achieve with physiotherapy and rehabilitation are numerous and one of the most important effects is the positive impact on quality of life.
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Introducción: los episodios de obstrucción bronquial a temprana edad constituyen un problema frecuente en pediatría. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, retrospectivo. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de la sibilancia recurrente en los niños menores de 5 años pertenecientes al municipio Bayamo, del Hospital Provincial Pediátrico Docente "General Milanés "en el año 2019. Métodos: la muestra fue de 63 pacientes y se estudiaron las variables edad, sexo, lactancia materna, ingresos previos, procedencia, género de vida y posibles factores de riesgo. El análisis estadístico se realizó a través de las estimaciones de las frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: predominaron los niños de 1 a 5 años con 52 casos (82.6%) y el sexo masculino, 29 de ellos pertenecieron a este grupo etáreo ( 80.6%); los ingresos previos de menos de 3 días en 37 casos (66.1%) y 56 casos no recibieron lactancia materna exclusiva, 37 de ellos representó el 66.1%; 44 casos tuvieron un género de vida malo ( 69.8%) y de los 43 casos que procedían de la zona urbana 28 pertenecían a ese género de vida(65.1%); los antecedentes patológicos familiares de alergia o asma y la atopia fueron los más significativos con 63 y 52 casos(100 y 82.5%) respectivamente. Conclusiones: se comprobó que la edad de 1 a 5 años, el sexo masculino, los ingresos de menos de tres días, sin lactancia materna , el género de vida malo, la procedencia urbana fueron los que predominaron en el estudio, así como los antecedentes patológicos familiares y la atopia como factores de riesgo que exacerbaron la enfermedad.
Introduction: episodes of bronchial obstruction at an early age are a frequent problem in pediatrics. A descriptive, longitudinal, retrospective study was conducted. Objective: to characterize the behavior of recurrent wheezing in children under 5 years of age belonging to the Bayamo municipality, of the "General Milanés" Teaching Pediatric Provincial Hospital in 2019. Methods: the sample consisted of 63 patients and the variables age, sex, breastfeeding, previous income, origin, gender of life and possible risk factors were studied. Statistical analysis was performed through estimates of absolute and relative frequencies. Results: there was a predominance of children aged 1 to 5 years with 52 cases (82.6%) and males, 29 of them belonged to this age group (80.6%); previous admissions of less than 3 days in 37 cases (66.1%) and 56 cases did not receive exclusive breastfeeding, 37 of them accounted for 66.1%; 44 cases had a bad lifestyle (69.8%) and of the 43 cases that came from the urban area, 28 belonged to that kind of life (65.1%); Family pathological history of allergy or asthma and atopy were the most significant wit. Conclusions: it was found that age from 1 to 5 years, male sex, income of less than three days, without breastfeeding, poor lifestyle, urban origin were those that predominated in the study, as well as family pathological history and atopy as risk factors that exacerbated the disease.
Introdução: episódios de obstrução brônquica em idade precoce são um problema frequente em pediatria. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, longitudinal e retrospectivo. Objetivo: caracterizar o comportamento da sibilância recorrente em crianças menores de 5 anos pertencentes ao município de Bayamo, do Hospital Provincial Pediátrico Universitário "General Milanés", em 2019. Métodos: a amostra foi composta por 63 pacientes e estudadas as variáveis idade, sexo, aleitamento materno, renda prévia, procedência, sexo de vida e possíveis fatores de risco. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio de estimativas de frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados: houve predomínio de crianças de 1 a 5 anos com 52 casos (82,6%) e do sexo masculino, sendo que 29 deles pertenciam a essa faixa etária (80,6%); internações anteriores inferiores a 3 dias em 37 casos (66,1%) e 56 casos não receberam aleitamento materno exclusivo, sendo que 37 deles corresponderam a 66,1%; 44 casos tinham estilo de vida ruim (69,8%) e dos 43 casos provenientes da zona urbana, 28 pertenciam a esse tipo de vida (65,1%); História anatomopatológica familiar de alergia ou asma e atopia foram as mais significativas, com 63 e 52 casos (100 e 82,5%), respectivamente. Conclusões: verificou-se que idade de 1 a 5 anos, sexo masculino, renda inferior a três dias, ausência de aleitamento materno, estilo de vida ruim, origem urbana foram os que predominaram no estudo, assim como história patológica familiar e atopia como fatores de risco que exacerbaram a doença.
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In the city of Arica, northern Chile, the population has been involuntarily exposed to arsenic of natural and anthropogenic origin. This study aims to evaluate the association between urinary arsenic concentration and bronchial asthma diagnosis in the children of Arica. A cross-sectional analysis of a database of 1892 subjects under 18 years of age enrolled in the Environmental Health Centre between 2009 and 2021 was carried out. Arsenic exposure was obtained from a urine sample and bronchial asthma diagnosis from the database of the system for the management of explicit health guarantees. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between inorganic arsenic and asthma. The median inorganic arsenic was 15 µg/L, and the prevalence of asthma was 7.4%. After adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, and urinary creatinine, children with the highest tertile of urinary arsenic concentration (≥21.4 µg/L) had a greater chance of developing asthma (odds ratio (OR) 1.90; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.13-3.18]). When exploring the modifying effect of ethnicity, the association increased among children belonging to any ethnic group (OR 3.51, 95%CI [1.43-8.65]). These findings suggest a relationship between arsenic exposure and bronchial asthma in children. While further studies are needed to assess the impact of arsenic on respiratory health, mitigation efforts to reduce arsenic exposure should be maintained.
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El asma bronquial es una enfermedad respiratoria crónica que genera elevados índices de discapacidad, sobre todo en la población infantil. La aplicación de fisioterapia respiratoria constituye un coadyuvante en los esquemas terapéuticos de la enfermedad; en este sentido el entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio y el método Buteyko constituyen técnicas respiratorias que han sido reportadas como útiles en el tratamiento del asma bronquial. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo describir las ventajas que ofrecen ambos métodos como esquemas terapéuticos de niños con asma bronquial. Como principales resultados se describen una serie de estudios que muestran las ventajas de la implementación de estos métodos para mejorar distintos componentes de la patogenia y manifestaciones clínicas del asma bronquial. Estos estudios muestran que la aplicación indistinta de uno o ambos métodos mejora diversos aspectos entre los que sobresalen mejorar volúmenes y capacidades pulmonares, función pulmonar, fuerza muscular ventilatoria y la mecánica respiratoria. Adicionalmente, mejoran algunos elementos relacionados con la mecánica respiratoria como es el uso de la respiración bucal. Se concluye que la realización de la fisioterapia respiratoria en niños con asma bronquial constituye una alternativa viable y eficaz en el mejoramiento de varios parámetros relacionados con esta enfermedad. Diversos estudios demuestran que la aplicación de estas técnicas respiratorias mejora la capacidad respiratoria, el tono y trofismo de músculos respiratorios y la mecánica respiratoria. Los resultados positivos evidencian la necesidad de aumentar la implementación del entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio y el método Buteyko como esquema terapéutico en niños con asma bronquial en unidades de atención pública y privada(AU)
Bronchial asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that generates high rates of disability, especially in children. The application of respiratory physiotherapy constitutes an adjunct in the therapeutic schemes of the disease; in this sense, inspiratory muscle training and the Buteyko method constitute respiratory techniques that have been reported as useful in the treatment of bronchial asthma. The present investigation aimed to describe the advantages offered by both methods as therapeutic regimens for children with bronchial asthma. The main results are a series of studies that show the advantages of the implementation of these methods to improve different components of the etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of bronchial asthma. These studies show that the indistinct application of one or both methods improves different aspects, among which the improvement of lung volumes and capacities, lung function, ventilatory muscle strength and respiratory mechanics stand out. Additionally, they improve some elements related to respiratory mechanics such as the use of mouth breathing. It is concluded that the performance of respiratory physiotherapy in children with bronchial asthma constitutes a viable and effective alternative in the improvement of various parameters related to this disease. Several studies show that the use of these respiratory techniques improves respiratory capacity, tone and trophism of respiratory muscles, and respiratory mechanics. The positive results demonstrate the need to increase the implementation of inspiratory muscle training and the Buteyko method as a therapeutic scheme in children with bronchial asthma in public and private care units(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Asma/terapia , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/educação , Mecânica Respiratória/éticaRESUMO
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Use of inhaled corticosteroids for managing acute asthma exacerbations has been tested since the 1990s. OBJECTIVE: To compare high doses of inhaled ciclesonide with systemic hydrocortisone for managing acute asthma exacerbations in the emergency department. DESIGN AND SETTING: Double-blind, randomized clinical trial in the public healthcare system of the city of São Paulo. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with moderate or severe asthma with peak flow < 50% of predicted were randomized into two groups. Over the course of four hours, one group received 1440 mcg of inhaled ciclesonide plus hydrocortisone-identical placebo (ciclesonide + placebo), while the other received 500 mg of intravenous hydrocortisone plus ciclesonide-identical placebo (hydrocortisone + placebo). Both groups received short-acting bronchodilators (fenoterol hydrobromide and ipratropium bromide). The research protocol included spirometry, clinical evaluation, vital signs and electrocardiogram monitoring. Data were obtained at 30 (baseline), 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes. We compared data from baseline to hour 4, between and within groups. RESULTS: Overall, 31 patients received ciclesonide + placebo and 27 received hydrocortisone + placebo. Inhaled ciclesonide was as effective as intravenous hydrocortisone for improving clinical parameters (Borg-scored dyspnea, P = 0.95; sternocleidomastoid muscle use, P = 0.55; wheezing, P = 0.55; respiratory effort, P = 0.95); and spirometric parameters (forced vital capacity, P = 0.50; forced expiratory volume in the first second, P = 0.83; peak expiratory flow, P = 0.51). CONCLUSIONS: Inhaled ciclesonide was not inferior to systemic hydrocortisone for managing acute asthma exacerbations, and it improved both clinical and spirometric parameters. TRIAL REGISTRATION: RBR-6XWC26 - Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-6xwc26/).
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Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Hidrocortisona/uso terapêutico , Hidrocortisona/farmacologia , Pregnenodionas , Brasil , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Método Duplo-Cego , Serviço Hospitalar de EmergênciaRESUMO
Introducción: Actualmente existen aproximadamente 300 millones de personas a nivel mundial con diagnóstico de asma y con una mortalidad de 250 mil cada año. Cuba no está ajena a esta realidad. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la exacerbación del asma, y su relación con la edad y la estacionalidad en niños asistidos en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Pediátrico Juan Manuel Márquez, desde enero a diciembre de 2018. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal en pacientes con exacerbación del asma bronquial atendidos en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Pediátrico Juan Manuel Márquez, desde enero a diciembre de 2018. Resultados: El mayor porciento se obtuvo en el sexo masculino con 53 por ciento, el grupo de edad de 5 a 9 años 46,3 por ciento. Dentro de los factores de riesgo que predominaron en el estudio fueron las infecciones virales 51,3 por ciento, los cambios de temperatura 58,2 por ciento y la no adherencia al tratamiento 45,5 por ciento . Las crisis de asma fueron frecuentes en los meses de octubre a diciembre 38,3 por ciento, con frecuencia entre 3 a 6 episodios por año 67,7 por ciento. El grado de severidad fue leve 82,0 por ciento. Conclusiones: Las exacerbaciones de asma bronquial son frecuentes en los servicios de urgencias pediátricos(AU)
Introduction: In these times, there are about 300 million people with the diagnosis of bronchial asthma worldwide and there is a mortality of 250 thousand per year. Cuba is not unaware of this reality. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of the exacerbation of bronchial asthma in children assisted in the emergency service of Juan Manuel Márquez Pediatric University Hospital from January to December 2018. Material and Methods: A descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 children from 1 to 18 years of age that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These children were assisted in the emergency service of Juan Manuel Márquez Pediatric University Hospital from January to December 2018. Results: The highest percentage of patients were males (53 percent) and from the age group 5 to 9 years (46,3 percent). Among the risk factors that predominated in the study, viral infections (51,3 percent), weather changes (58,2 percent), and non-adherence to treatment (45,5 percent) were observed. The asthma crises were frequent from October to December (38,3 percent), and from 3 to 6 episodes occurred annually (67,7 percent). The degree of severity was mild (82,0 percent). Conclusions: Exacerbations of bronchial asthma are frequent in pediatric emergency services(AU)
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Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Asma/epidemiologia , Estações do Ano , Exacerbação dos Sintomas , Asma/terapia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Etários , Distribuição por Idade e Sexo , Cooperação e Adesão ao TratamentoRESUMO
Introducción: En la actualidad existen aproximadamente 300 millones de personas a nivel mundial con diagnóstico de asma y con una mortalidad de 250 mil cada año. Cuba no está ajena a esta realidad. Objetivo: Relacionar la frecuencia de presentación de factores de riesgo dependientes del huésped y del medio ambiente con el grado de severidad de las crisis en niños. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 600 niños de 1 a 18 años de edad, atendidos en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Pediátrico Juan Manuel Márquez, de enero a diciembre del año 2018. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes atendidos fueron del sexo masculino (53 por ciento) y del grupo de edad de 5 a 9 años (46,3 por ciento). Dentro de los factores de riesgo que predominaron en el estudio fueron los más frecuente las infecciones virales (51,3 por ciento), los cambios de temperatura (58,2 por ciento) y la no adherencia al tratamiento (45,5 por ciento). Se encontraron antecedentes familiares de asma bronquial en 62,2 por ciento y antecedentes de atopia en 60 por ciento. Conclusiones: Existen factores de riesgo modificables en pacientes asmáticos, lo que implica que se puede disminuir la severidad del asma bronquial en urgencias(AU)
Introduction: Currently, there are around 300 million people in the world diagnosed with asthma and a mortality rate of 250 thousand every year. Cuba is not apart from this reality. Objective: To relate the frequency of presentation of host- and environment-dependent risk factors with the degree of severity of crises among children. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out with 600 children aged 1-18 years, who receive attention in the emergency department of Juan Manuel Márquez Pediatric Hospital from January to December 2018. Results: Most of the patients who received attention were male (53 percent) and belonged to the age group of 5-9 years (46.3 percent). Among the predominating risk factors of the study, the most frequent were viral infections (51.3 percent), temperature changes (58.2 percent) and non-adherence to treatment (45.5 percent). Family history of bronchial asthma was found in 62.2 percent, together with a history of atopy, accounting for 60 percent. Conclusions: There are modifiable risk factors in asthma patients, which allows to decrease the severity of bronchial asthma in the emergency department(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
La aceptación de padecer una enfermedad crónica y aprender a convivir con ésta puede ser un proceso lento para el paciente y su familia. Los niños y los adolescentes con una enfermedad crónica se enfrentan a un desafío que requiere afrontar la responsabilidad y exigencias de la necesidad de un tratamiento diario a largo plazo que muchas veces requiere adaptar sus actividades y su vida para cumplir con el mismo. El objetivo del tratamiento en las enfermedades crónicas es minimizar los síntomas, alcanzar el control o modificar la evolución natural para lograr una calidad de vida adecuada. Adherencia significa la aceptación de un rol activo en el propio cuidado de la salud, pero que debe comprender la colaboración entre el paciente, su familia y el equipo de salud. Esta colaboración debe incluir confianza, términos como negociación, toma de decisiones en forma conjunta y comunicación para determinar el tratamiento adecuado de la enfermedad. La adherencia al tratamiento es un problema y constituye un reto y una preocupación para los médicos que tratan a pacientes con enfermedades crónicas porque la falta de adherencia genera empeoramiento de la enfermedad, aumento del número de hospitalizaciones, altos costos para el paciente, la familia y el sistema de salud.
Accepting to suffer from a chronic disease and learning to live with this disease can be a slow process for the patient and their family. Children and adolescents with a chronic disease face a challenge that requires facing the responsibility and demands of the need for long-term daily treatment that often requires adapting their activities and their lives to comply with it. The goal of treatment in chronic diseases is to minimize symptoms, achieve control, or modify the natural history to achieve an adequate quality of life. Adherence means the acceptance of an active role in one's own health care but that must include collaboration between the patient, his family and the health team. This collaboration should include trust, terms such as negotiation, joint decision-making, and communication to determine the appropriate treatment for the disease. Adherence to treatment is a problem and constitutes a challenge and concern for physicians who treat patients with chronic diseases because lack of adherence leads to a worsening of the disease, an increase in the number of hospitalizations, high costs for the patient, the family and the health system.
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Resumen Objetivo. Comparar la calidad de vida (CdV) evaluada a través del Inventario de Calidad de Vida y Salud, así como depresión y ansiedad entre pacientes con asma controlada y asma no controlada. Método. Es un estudio transversal, ex post facto en el que participaron 149 adultos mexicanos con asma. Resultados. Se muestran diferencias significativas con tamaños del efecto de moderados a grandes en las sub-escalas de desempeño físico, aislamiento, tiempo libre, vida cotidiana, ansiedad y depresión. Las áreas que correlacionaron significativa y positivamente fueron vida cotidiana con aislamiento y tiempo libre, depresión con aislamiento y vida cotidiana. Pacientes con asma no controlada presentaron afectación en las sub-escalas de CdV relacionadas con actividades físicas y sociales, intervenciones psicológicas deben atender a estas áreas.
Abstract Objective. Compare quality of life (QoL) evaluated through the Quality of Life and Health Inventory, as well as depression and anxiety between subjects with controlled asthma and uncontrolled asthma. Method. This is a Cross-sectional, ex post facto study involving 149 Mexican adults with asthma. Results. Significant differences with moderate to large effect size were found in these sub-scales such as physical performance, isolation, free time, daily life, anxiety, and depression. The areas that correlated significantly and positively were daily life with isolation and free time, depression with isolation, and daily life. Subjects with uncontrolled asthma are affected in the QoL subscales related to physical and social activities, psychological treatments must attend to these areas.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Qualidade de Vida , Asma/psicologia , Psicologia Social , Exercício Físico , MéxicoRESUMO
Introducción: La agregación familiar del asma se reconoce desde 1 860 a constatarse en varias generaciones de una familia. Objetivo: Determinar la agregación familiar para asma bronquial y los factores de riesgo. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una investigación observacional, analítica, longitudinal, retrospectiva, casos/control a partir de la población perteneciente al área de salud Darío Calzadilla, en Banes, provincia Holguín, durante octubre 2020-marzo 2021. El universo abarcó la totalidad de individuos diagnosticados y sus familias. Por muestreo aleatorio simple, se obtuvo la muestra de 77 casos. Se conformó el grupo control a razón de 3:1, que incluyó 231 individuos sin antecedentes de enfermedad. Fueron aplicados criterios de inclusión/exclusión. Fueron utilizados los estadígrafos: Chi cuadrado, Odd Ratio (OR) e intervalo de confianza. Se estudiaron las variables: edad, grado de consanguinidad y factores de riesgo. Se obtuvo el árbol genealógico. Se cumplieron los requisitos bioéticos. Resultados: Los familiares de primer grado (47 individuos 17 por ciento) y segundo grado (23 individuos 4,3 por ciento) de consanguinidad mostraron la mayor incidencia de la enfermedad. Los grupos de edades 40-49 años (51 individuos, 22,8 por ciento) y 30-39 años (32 individuos, 22,3 por ciento), resultaron los más afectados. Los factores de riesgos mostraron asociación para la enfermedad (X2=111,15 p ≤ 0,001). El hábito de fumar (X2=132,9 OR=6,18 IC95 por ciento (4,49; 8,51)) y los antecedentes familiares de la enfermedad (X2=13,6 OR=1,73 IC95 por ciento (1,29; 2,32)) expresaron asociación altamente significativa. Se demostró agregación familiar para la enfermedad (X2=185,32 OR=9,97 IC95 por ciento (6,7; 14,84)). Conclusiones: El asma bronquial es una enfermedad multifactorial, compleja, poligénica con agregación familiar demostrada(AU)
Introduction: Familial aggregation of asthma has been recognized since 1860 and observed in several generations in one family. Objective: To determine familial aggregation of bronchial asthma as well as its risk factors. Material and Methods: An observational, analytical, longitudinal, and retrospective case-control study was conducted on the population belonging to Darío Calzadilla health area in Banes, Holguín province, from October 2020 to March 2021. The universe consisted of all the individuals diagnosed and their families. A sample composed of 77 cases was obtained by simple random sampling. The control group was formed at a ratio of 3:1, including 231 individuals without previous history of the disease. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The following stadigraphs were used: Chi-square test, Odds Ratio (OR), and confidence interval. The variables analyzed included age, degree of consanguinity, and risk factors. The family tree was obtained. Bioethical principles were fulfilled. Results: The first-degree relatives (47 individuals; 17 percent) and second-degree (23 individuals; 4,3 percent) of consanguinity showed a higher incidence of the disease. The age group 40-49 years (51 individuals; 22,8 percent) and 30-39 years (32 individuals; 22,3 percent), resulted to be the most affected. The risk factors evidenced an association with the disease (X2=111,15 p≤0,001). The smoking habit (X2=132,9 OR=6,18 95 percent CI (4,49; 8,51)) and family history of the disease (X2=13,6 OR=1,73 95 percent CI (1,29; 2,32)) expressed a highly significant association. Familial aggregation of the disease was demonstrated (X2=185,32 OR=9,97 95 % CI (6,7;14,84)). Conclusions: Bronchial asthma is a complex, multifactorial, polygenic disease with confirmed familial aggregation(AU)
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Humanos , Intervalos de Confiança , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , Consanguinidade , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos LongitudinaisRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: el asma es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de las vías aéreas, caracterizada por crisis de tos, dificultad respiratoria y sibilancias, usualmente reversibles, pero a veces graves y ocasionalmente fatales. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas- epidemiológicas del asma bronquial en niños de 5 a 14 años, ingresados en el Servicio de Respiratorio del Hospital infantil de Bayamo, desde enero 2017 hasta junio 2019. Métodos: el universo estuvo constituido por 273 pacientes ingresados por asma en dicho servicio y la muestra después de aplicados los criterios de inclusión y exclusión quedó conformada por 255 niños. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó mediante el programa EPIDAT versión 3.1, como procesador de texto, el programa Microsoft Word versión 6.0. Resultados: predominó el grupo de 5 a 9 años (78 %) y el sexo masculino (54,1%). Las crisis se desencadenaron con mayor frecuencia en el cuarto y primer trimestre. Los factores de riesgo fueron los antecedentes familiares de atopia y la exposición a los alérgenos (100%), Predominó el asma moderada persistente (43,9%) y la intermitente (32,1%). Conclusiones: los varones de 5 a 9 años fueron los más afectados durante el cuarto y primer trimestre del año. La atopia familiar y exposición alérgenos estuvieron presentes en todos los casos y la mayoría presentó asma moderada persistente seguida por intermitente.
ABSTRACT Introduction: asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, characterized by coughing, respiratory distress and wheezing, usually reversible, but sometimes serious and occasionally fatal. Objective: to describe the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of bronchial asthma in children aged 5 to 14, admitted to the Respiratory Service of the Children's Hospital of Bayamo, from January 2017 to June 2019. Methods: the universe consisted of 273 patients admitted for asthma in said service and the sample after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria was made up of 255 children. The data was processed using the EPIDAT version 3.1 program, as a word processor, the Microsoft Word version 6.0 program. Results: the group aged 5 to 9 years (78%) and the male sex (54.1%) predominated. The crises were triggered with greater frequency in the fourth and first trimesters. Risk factors were family history of atopy and exposure to allergens (100%), persistent moderate asthma (43.9%) and intermittent asthma (32.1%). Conclusions: men aged 5 to 9 were the most affected during the fourth and first trimesters of the year. Family atopy and allergen exposure were present in all cases and most presented persistent moderate asthma followed by intermittent.
RESUMO Introdução: a asma é uma doença inflamatória crônica das vias aéreas, caracterizada por crises de tosse, dificuldade respiratória e sibilância, geralmente reversível, mas às vezes grave e ocasionalmente fatal. Objetivo: descrever as características clínico-epidemiológicas da asma brônquica em crianças de 5 a 14 anos, internadas no Serviço Respiratório do Hospital Infantil de Bayamo, no período de janeiro de 2017 a junho de 2019. Métodos: o universo foi constituído por 273 pacientes internados por asma no referido serviço e a amostra após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foi composta por 255 crianças. O processamento dos dados foi realizado no programa EPIDAT versão 3.1, como processador de texto, o programa Microsoft Word versão 6.0. Resultados: predominou a faixa etária de 5 a 9 anos (78%) e o sexo masculino (54,1%). As crises foram desencadeadas com maior frequência no quarto e primeiro trimestres. Os fatores de risco foram história familiar de atopia e exposição a alérgenos (100%), com predomínio de asma moderada persistente (43,9%) e intermitente (32,1%). Conclusões: homens de 5 a 9 anos foram os mais acometidos durante o quarto e primeiro trimestres do ano. Atopia familiar e exposição a alérgenos estavam presentes em todos os casos e a maioria tinha asma moderada persistente seguida de asma intermitente.
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RESUMEN Introducción: El asma es una enfermedad psicosomática que reduce la calidad de vida de quien la padece, y tiene el riesgo de progresar en intensidad hasta producir daño e incapacidad permanente. Este texto recoge las experiencias de un estudio cuyo objetivo estuvo orientado a identificar las necesidades de aprendizaje de los licenciados en Enfermería del Policlínico Docente Reinol García, del consejo popular Versalles, perteneciente al municipio Matanzas, de la provincia cubana de igual nombre; acerca del manejo del paciente con asma bronquial. Método: El estudio mencionado tuvo carácter exploratorio descriptivo, desplegado como parte del Programa Nacional de Prevención del asma bronquial durante el período 2019-2020, acerca de las necesidades de aprendizaje de este personal para el manejo de tal situación de salud. El universo fue constituido por 31 licenciados, que laboran en los consultorios médicos y en el policlínico implicado en la investigación. Se aplicó un instrumento diseñado por un grupo de expertos y aplicado a la manera de un examen o prueba escrita por personal calificado, con carácter anónimo y previo consentimiento informado, sobre aspectos epidemiológicos, epistemológicos y teóricos prácticos. Resultados: Se constataron carencias y vacíos de conocimientos relacionados con el tema, de lo cual derivaronestrategias de superación profesional. Discusión: Los hallazgos constatados en la etapa experimental se corroboran con los resultados y criterios emitidos por especialistas y académicos que han profundizado en el tratamiento del tema.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Asthma is a psychosomatic disease that reduces the quality of life of those who suffer from it, and has the risk of progressing in intensity until it produces damage and permanent disability. This text collects the experiences of a study whose objective was aimed at identifying the learning needs of the Nursing graduates of the Educational Polyclinic Reinol García, of the Versalles popular council, belonging to the Matanzas municipality, of the Cuban province of the same name; about the management of the patient with bronchial asthma. Method: The aforementioned study had a descriptive exploratory nature, deployed as part of the National Program for the Prevention of bronchial asthma during the 2019-2020 period, about the learning needs of these personnel for the management of such health situation. The universe was made up of 31 graduates, who work in the medical offices and in the polyclinic involved in the research. An instrument designed by a group of experts was applied in the manner of an exam or written test by qualified personnel, with an anonymous character and with prior informed consent, on epidemiological, epistemological and practical theoretical aspects. Results: There were deficiencies and gaps in knowledge related to the subject, from which professional improvement strategies were derived. Discussion: The findings found in the experimental stage are corroborated with the results and criteria issued by specialists and academics who have delved into the treatment of the subject.
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BACKGROUND: Previous studies have related sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure to asthma exacerbations. We utilized the University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute registry to study associations of asthma exacerbations between 2 geographically distinct populations of adults with asthma. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine whether asthma symptoms worsened following a significant fire event that destroyed pollution control equipment at the largest coke works in the United States. METHODS: Two groups of patients with asthma, namely, those residing within 10 miles of the coke works fire (the proximal group [n = 39]) and those residing beyond that range (the control group [n = 44]), were geocoded by residential address. Concentrations of ambient air SO2 were generated by using local University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute registry air monitoring data. Factory emissions were also evaluated. Data from a patient historical acute exposure survey and in-person follow-up data were evaluated. Inferential statistics were used to compare the groups. RESULTS: In the immediate postfire period (6-8 weeks), the level of emissions of SO2 from the factory emissions increased to 25 times more than the typical level. Following the pollution control breach, the proximal cohort self-reported an increase in medication use (risk ratio = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.1-2.8; P < .01) and more exacerbations. In a small subset of the follow-up cohort of those who completed the acute exposure survey only, asthma control metrics improved. CONCLUSIONS: Real-world exposure to a marked increase in ambient levels of SO2 from a pollution control breach was associated with worsened asthma control in patients proximal to the event, with the worsened control improving following repair of the controls. Improved spatial resolution of air pollutant measurements would enable better examination of exposures and subsequent health impacts.
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Poluentes Atmosféricos/imunologia , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Asma/imunologia , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Coortes , Coque , Poluição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Material Particulado/imunologia , Dióxido de Enxofre/imunologiaRESUMO
It is largely known that photobiomodulation (PBM) has beneficial effects on allergic pulmonary inflammation. Our previous study showed an anti-inflammatory effect of the PBM in an acute experimental model of asthma, and we see that this mechanism is partly dependent on IL-10. However, it remains unclear whether the activation of regulatory T cells is mediated by PBM in a chronic experimental model of asthma. In this sense, the objective of this study was to verify the anti-inflammatory role of the PBM in the pulmonary inflammatory response in a chronic experimental asthma model. The protocol used for asthma induction was the administration of OVA subcutaneously (days 0 and 14) and intranasally (3 times/week, for 5 weeks). On day 50, the animals were sacrificed for the evaluation of the different parameters. The PBM used was the diode, with a wavelength of 660 nm, a power of 100 mW, and 5 J for 50 s/point, in three different application points. Our results showed that PBM decreases macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Moreover, PBM decreased the release of cytokines by the lung, mucus, and collagen in the airways and pulmonary mechanics. When we analyzed the percentage of Treg cells in the group irradiated with laser, we verified an increase in these cells, as well as the release of IL-10 in the BALF. Therefore, we conclude that the use of PBM therapy in chronic airway inflammation attenuated the inflammatory process, as well as the pulmonary functional and structural parameters, probably due to an increase in Treg cells.
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Asma , Interleucina-10 , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Asma/radioterapia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead , Inflamação , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Pulmão , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , OvalbuminaRESUMO
RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, con modelo cuasi experimental en los pacientes asmáticos pertenecientes del Policlínico 13 de Marzo, con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia de la tintura de ajo al 20% en el tratamiento intercrisis del Asma Bronquial, en el período comprendido de enero de 2018 a mayo de 2019. El Universo estuvo representado por 88 pacientes asmáticos entre 20-59 años de edad dispensarizados en el consultorio 25. La muestra quedó constituida por 84 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y de exclusión. Los pacientes fueron distribuidos de forma aleatoria, en dos grupos control y experimental, utilizando la tabla de números aleatorios computarizados, en una proporción pareada de 1:1. Se empleó la prueba de diferencia de proporciones para muestras independientes y se trabajó con un nivel de significación p=0,05. Con este proyecto se contribuyó al desarrollo de la medicina natural y tradicional en nuestro país. Se demostró la eficacia de la tintura de ajo en el 97.6 % de los pacientes. Los hombres fueron los más afectados por las crisis y se reportaron 3 efectos adversos de forma leve.
ABSTRACT A prospective study was carried out, with a quasi-experimental model in asthmatic patients belonging to the 13 de Marzo Polyclinic, with the aim of evaluating the efficacy of the 20% garlic tincture in the inter-crisis treatment of Bronchial Asthma, in the period from January from 2018 to May 2019. El universo was represented by 88 asthmatic patients between 20-59 years of age dispensed in the office 25. The sample consisted of 84 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were randomized into two control and experimental groups, using the table of computerized random numbers, in a paired ratio of 1: 1. The difference of proportions test was used for independent samples and the level of significance was p = 0.05. This project contributed to the development of natural and traditional medicine in our country. The efficacy of garlic tincture was demonstrated in 97.6% of patients. Men were the most affected by the seizures and 3 mild adverse effects were reported.
RESUMO Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo, com modelo quase experimental em pacientes asmáticos pertencentes à Policlínica 13 de Marzo, com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia da tintura de alho a 20% no tratamento intercrises da Asma Brônquica, no período de janeiro de 2018 a maio de 2019. O El Universo foi representado por 88 pacientes asmáticos entre 20 e 59 anos dispensados em consultório 25. A amostra foi composta por 84 pacientes que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os pacientes foram randomizados em dois grupos controle e experimental, utilizando a tabela de números aleatórios computadorizados, na proporção pareada de 1: 1. O teste de diferença de proporções foi utilizado para amostras independentes e o nível de significância adotado foi p = 0,05. Este projeto contribuiu para o desenvolvimento da medicina natural e tradicional em nosso país. A eficácia da tintura de alho foi demonstrada em 97,6% dos pacientes. Os homens foram os mais afetados pelas convulsões e três efeitos adversos leves foram relatados.
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RESUMEN Fundamento: el asma bronquial es una de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles más prevalentes en la infancia, en su evolución presenta crisis desencadenadas por múltiples factores, relacionados al huésped y a factores ambientales. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y terapéuticas de las crisis de asma bronquial en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario Paquito González Cueto de Cienfuegos, durante los años 2015 y 2016. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y correlacional sobre una serie de casos en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario Paquito González Cueto de Cienfuegos en el periodo comprendido desde el 1ero de enero 2015 hasta el 31 diciembre del 2016 en el que fueron incluidos los pacientes que egresaron con el diagnóstico de crisis de asma bronquial. Los datos fueron obtenidos de la historia clínica de los pacientes. Se analizaron las variables: edad, sexo, color de la piel, clasificación de la enfermedad asmática, severidad de la crisis en el ingreso y forma de distribución del medicamento. Se aplicaron los procedimientos de la estadística descriptiva como son la determinación de la frecuencia de ocurrencia y los porcientos. Resultados: el grupo etáreo más afectado fue el menor de 3 años (35,8 %), con ligero predominio del sexo masculino (55 %) y el color de piel blanca (57 %), el mayor número de ingreso correspondió a los meses de alza epidémica, predominó la forma leve persistente (53,6 %) y las crisis moderadas (94,6 %), 64,4 % no tenía tratamiento de control. Conclusiones: la mayor parte de los pacientes recibieron un tratamiento inadecuado para la crisis en cuerpo de guardia y la sala, además el tratamiento de control fue inadecuado en casi la mitad de los pacientes o inexistente.
ABSTRACT Background: bronchial asthma is the prevalent chronic non-communicable disease in childhood, in its evolution it presents crises triggered by multiple factors, related to the host and the environment. Objective: to describe the clinical, epidemiological and therapeutic characteristics of bronchial asthma crises at the Paquito González Cueto University Pediatric Hospital in Cienfuegos, during 2015 and 2016. Method: a descriptive, and correlational study was carried out on a series of cases at the Paquito González Cueto University Pediatric Hospital in Cienfuegos in the period from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st 2016, in which were included the patients who leave with the diagnosis of a bronchial asthma crisis. The data were obtained from the clinical history of the patients. The variables were analyzed: age, sex, skin color, classification of the asthmatic disease, severity of the crisis on admission, and form of drug distribution. Descriptive statistics procedures were applied, such as the determination of the frequency of occurrence and the percentages. Results: the most affected age group was under 3 years old (35.8 %), with a slight predominance of males (55 %) and white skin color (57 %), the highest number of admission corresponded to the months of epidemic rise, the minor persistent form (53.6 %) and the moderate seizures (94.6 %) predominated, the 64.4 % had no control treatment. Conclusions: most of the patients received inadequate treatment for the crisis in the emergency room and the ward; in addition, the control treatment was inadequate or non-existent in almost half of the patients.
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Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico y asma bronquial en población pediátrica en el hospital Nacional del Niño entre los años 2017-2018. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico tipo casos y controles no emparejado de razón 1 caso para 2 controles, con un total de 45 casos y 90 controles, se realizó un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple, con una recolección retrospectiva para las variables asma bronquial, ERGE, esofagitis inducida por ERGE, prematuridad, lactancia materna interrumpida, sexo y edad. Se realizó un modelo de regresión logística bivariado y múltiple para la obtención del Odds Ratio para la fuerza de asociación. Resultados: Se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa para ERGE (p=0,002), siendo 33,33% y 11,11% para los casos y controles, así como para lactancia interrumpida (p=0,013); por análisis de regresión logística múltiple las variables ERGE (OR 4,27, p=0,003, IC 1,64-10,92) y lactancia materna interrumpida (OR 2,74, P=0,011, IC 1,26-5,97) presentaron relación para asma bronquial. Conclusión: Se encontró una relación entre ERGE y asma bronquial la cual puede ser extrapolada a la población pediátrica de la ciudad de Lima, este es el primer artículo publicado al respecto a nivel nacional, se recomiendan estudios prospectivos para determinar causalidad.
Objective: To determine the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and bronchial asthma in the pediatric population of the National Children's Hospital Breña headquarters between the years 2017-2018. Methods: An analytical observational study of cases and controls was not matched, with a ratio of 1 case to 2 controls, with a total of 45 cases and 90 controls, a simple random probability sampling was performed, with a retrospective collection for the variables bronchial asthma, GERD, GERD-induced esophagitis, prematurity, interrupted breastfeeding, sex and age. A bivariate and multiple logistic regression model was performed to obtain the Odds Ratio for the strength of association. Results: A statistically significant difference was found for GERD (p = 0.002), being 33.33% and 11.11% for cases and controls, as well as for interrupted lactation (p = 0.013); by multiple logistic regression analysis the variables GERD (OR 4.27, p = 0.003, CI 1.64-10.92) and interrupted breastfeeding (OR 2.74, P = 0.011, CI 1.26-5.97 ) presented a relationship for bronchial asthma. Conclusion: A relationship was found between GERD and bronchial asthma which can be extrapolated to the pediatric population of the city of Lima, this is the first article published in this regard at the national level, prospective studies are recommended to determine causality.
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Obesity and bronchial asthma have suffered a sustained increase in its prevalence worldwide. The relationship between both entities has been widely studied especially in the adult population. Obesity has been shown to be a risk factor for new bronchial asthma diagnoses and vice versa; and that both alter the evolution of the other. The relationship between them is based on systemic inflammatory factors and cardiometabolic factors rather than the fat load. In this review we will focus on the pathophysiology of metabolic and immunological alterations that link both diseases.
Obesidad y asma bronquial han sufrido un aumento sostenido de su prevalencia a nivel mundial. La relación entre ambas entidades ha sido ampliamente estudiada especialmente en población adulta. Se ha demostrado que obesidad es un factor de riesgo de nuevos diagnósticos de asma bronquial y viceversa; y que ambas alteran la evolución de la otra. La relación entre ellas se sustenta en factores inflamatorios sistémicos y factores cardiometabólicos más que en la carga adiposa. En esta revisión nos centraremos en la fisiopatología de las alteraciones metabólicas e inmunológicas que ligan ambas enfermedades.