RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Human milk is essential for a child's best development. However, what a mother eats while breastfeeding can directly influence the composition of mother's milk. RESEARCH AIM: This study aimed to assess the antioxidant-oxidant profile of human milk and establish a connection between this profile and the dietary habits of the mothers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Hospital Infantil e Maternidade Alzir Bernardino Alves (HIMABA), located in the municipality of Vila Velha-ES, Brazil. The sample included 98 participants. All volunteers completed a structured interview and a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Approximately 5-10 ml of colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk were manually collected. The antioxidant activity of human milk was assessed using the colorimetric method for free radical scavenging with 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring lipid peroxidation through malondialdehyde concentration, evaluating advanced oxidation protein products, and assessing total protein content using the Bradford method. RESULTS: The antioxidant profile of colostrum was higher than that observed in later phases of milk, whereas pro-oxidants increased in later phases. Maternal dietary patterns influenced the pro-oxidant status of human milk. Participants with a higher daily intake of milk, dairy products, vegetable oils, olive oils, and legumes exhibited lower levels of lipid peroxidation in colostrum, transition milk, and mature milk, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the vital role of a balanced maternal diet in shaping the pro-oxidant status of human milk, with implications for infant health.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Leite Humano , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Aleitamento Materno , Estudos Transversais , Padrões Dietéticos , Leite Humano/metabolismo , Mães , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
La lactancia materna (LM) es la forma de nutrición natural del lactante que se adapta a los requerimientos nutricionales e inmunológicos del niño; suministra los nutrientes de manera completa hasta los 6 meses y de manera complementaria hasta los 2 años. No solo el niño es beneficiado, sino también la madre. A pesar de todos los beneficios que otorga la LM, el Paraguay posee uno de los índices de LM más bajos de la región; es por ello que en este trabajo se buscó establecer las razones por los cuales las madres con hijos menores de 2 años abandonan la práctica de la LM antes del tiempo recomendado a través de un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 60 madres con hijos menores de dos años que asistieron al Hospital Materno Infantil de Fernando de la Mora en los días que se recolectaron los datos para la encuesta y aceptaron participar del estudio. El 77% de las madres tenía conocimiento sobre la importancia de la LM y sobre la inmunidad que proporciona al niño, sin embargo, solo el 20 % de ellas ponía en práctica la LM de forma exclusiva y un 28% de manera complementaria. Las razones mencionadas por las madres con respecto al abandono de la LM antes del tiempo recomendado fueron en orden decreciente: falta de leche en cantidad suficiente, trabajo de la madre, rechazo del niño, la madre ya no quería dar de mamar.
Breastfeeding (BF) is the infant natural form of nutrition, which adapts to the childnutritional and immunological requirements. It fully supplies the nutrients until sixmonths and complementarily until two years of age. Not only is the child benefited butalso the mother. In spite of all the benefits provided by BF, Paraguay has one of thelowest rates o maternal BF. That is why this study aimed to establish the reasons ofBF abandonment before the recommended time in mothers with children under twoyears of age, who attended the Maternal and Child Hospital of Fernando de la Morathrough a observational descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample was constitutedby 60 mothers with children under two years old who attended the hospital on thedays the data for the survey were collected and who accepted to participate. Seventyseven percent of the mothers had knowledge about the importance of breastfeedingand the immunity provided to the child, however, only 20% of them implemented theBF exclusively and 28% complementarily. Reasons to abandon BF before therecommended time reported by the mothers in decreasing order were: insufficientmilk, work, rejection of the child, no longer wanted to breastfeed.