RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Triple-positive breast cancer (TPBC) is a tumor that simultaneously expresses estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). Luminal A-like TPBC is a special subtype with a favorable prognosis but benefits less from HER2-targeted therapy. However, little is known about how to identify luminal A-like TPBCs. Therefore, our study aims to explore a clinically feasible method to identify luminal A-like TPBCs using immunohistochemical (IHC) markers. METHODS: Our cohort enrolled consecutive 190 patients with early-stage TPBCs diagnosed, treated and followed up in our hospital between 2013 and 2019. Patients whose IHC staining displayed ≥ 50% in both ER and PR scores and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) positivity were classified as cohort A (n = 64), and the rest were enrolled in cohort B (n = 126). Kaplan-Meier plotter and log-rank test were used to compare the survival difference between cohort A and cohort B and the efficacy of trastuzumab therapy in the two cohorts. RESULTS: The disease-free survival (DFS) of patients in cohort A was significantly better than in cohort B (p = 0.031). In cohort A, there was no statistically significant difference in DFS between patients treated with trastuzumab and those without trastuzumab (p = 0.663). While in cohort B, patients treated with trastuzumab had significantly better DFS than those without trastuzumab (p = 0.032). Multivariate survival analysis showed that cohort A was associated with better DFS(95%CI 1.046-11.776, p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: TPBCs consist of heterogeneous subtypes. Detecting the expression of ER, PR and BCL2 via IHC can help identify luminal A-like TPBCs. This study will enable individualized treatment of TPBCs.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Trastuzumab , Prognóstico , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2 , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismoRESUMO
Lewis x functions as an adhesion molecule in glycolipids and glycoproteins since it mediates homophilic and heterophilic attachment of normal and tumoral cells. During malignancy, altered glycosylation is a frequent event; accumulating data support the expression of Lewis x in tumors although controversial results have been described including its relationship with patient survival. This report has been developed as an introduction to the relationship between Lewis x expression and breast cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Results obtained in our laboratory are presented in the context of the literature.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/imunologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/imunologia , Antígenos CD15/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/imunologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Glicosilação , Humanos , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Breast cancer continues to affect millions of women worldwide, and the number of new cases dramatically increases every year. The physiological causes behind the disease are still not fully understood. One in every 100 cases can occur in men, and although the frequency is lower than among women, men tend to have a worse prognosis of the disease. Various therapeutic alternatives to combat the disease are available. These depend on the type and progress of the disease, and include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and cancer immunotherapy. However, there are several well-reported side effects of these treatments that have a significant impact on life quality, and patients either relapse or are refractory to treatment. This makes it necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies. One promising initiative are bioactive peptides, which have emerged in recent years as a family of compounds with an enormous number of clinical applications due to their broad spectrum of activity. They are widely distributed in several organisms as part of their immune system. The antitumoral activity of these peptides lies in a nonspecific mechanism of action associated with their interaction with cancer cell membranes, inducing, through several routes, bilayer destabilization and cell death. This review provides an overview of the literature on the evaluation of cationic peptides as potential agents against breast cancer under different study phases. First, physicochemical characteristics such as the primary structure and charge are presented. Secondly, information about dosage, the experimental model used, and the mechanism of action proposed for the peptides are discussed.
RESUMO
Progesterone receptors (PR) play a pivotal role in many female reproductive tissues such as the uterus, the ovary, and the mammary gland (MG). Moreover, PR play a key role in breast cancer growth and progression. This has led to the development and study of different progestins and antiprogestins, many of which are currently being tested in clinical trials for cancer treatment. Recent reviews have addressed the role of PR in MG development, carcinogenesis, and breast cancer growth. Thus, in this review, in addition to making an overview on PR action in normal and tumor breast, the focus has been put on highlighting the still unresolved topics on hormone treatment involving PR isoforms and breast cancer prognosis.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Receptores de Progesterona , Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Progesterona/uso terapêutico , Progestinas/uso terapêutico , Receptores de Progesterona/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Introdução: Apesar do avanço no diagnóstico e no tratamento das pacientes com neoplasia mamária, ainda há casos que se apresentam como doença localmente avançada. Nesse contexto, o controle oncológico requer ressecções extensas e complexos procedimentos reparadores. A participação do cirurgião plástico nas equipes multidisciplinares de tratamento oncológico tem apresentado importância crescente tanto nas etapas de planejamento como de execução. O objetivo é analisar prospectivamente casos de pacientes com extensas ressecções no tórax e reconstrução de parede torácica quanto aos seus resultados e complicações no período de 2014-2016. Métodos: Seguimento prospectivo por 6 meses de 15 casos de pacientes submetidas a extensas ressecções oncológicas no tórax e reconstrução por um mesmo cirurgião plástico em hospitais da rede pública de São Paulo-SP. Foram coletados os dados: idade, diagnóstico, queixa pré-operatória, extensão da área de ressecção e incidência de complicações locais. Resultados: As pacientes tinham idade média de 49,2 anos, a queixa mais comum era massa papável, o diagnóstico mais comum era neoplasia da mama (80%), a maioria das ressecções preservou o plano muscular e a área média de ressecção foi de 259,2 cm2. O retalho miocutâneo do grande dorsal em V-Y foi o mais utilizado, e o toracoabdominal foi o segundo. Epiteliólise foi detectada em 13,3% das pacientes e necrose parcial menor que 5% do retalho em 13,3%. Conclusão: Na presente casuística, as pacientes portadoras de neoplasias extensas no tórax representaram um desafio para a reconstrução local, necessitando de planejamento pré-operatório minucioso e com múltiplas opções. A participação do cirurgião plástico no tratamento desses casos contribuiu para redução de morbidade e demonstrou baixo índice de complicações.
Introduction: In spite of advances in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with breast cancer, there are still cases that present with locally advanced disease. In this context, cancer control requires extensive resections and complex repair procedures. The participation of the plastic surgeon in the multidisciplinary cancer treatment teams has been increasingly important in both the planning and execution stages. The aim of this study is to prospectively analyze patients who underwent extensive chest resections and thoracic wall reconstruction with regard to their results and complications in the period 2014-2016. Methods: Prospective 6-month follow-up of 15 patients who underwent extensive oncological resections in the chest and reconstruction by the same plastic surgeon in public hospitals of São Paulo was done. The following data were collected: age, diagnosis, preoperative complaint, extent of resection area, and incidence of local complications. Results: Patients had a mean age of 49.2 years, the most common complaint was a papillary mass, the most common diagnosis was breast cancer (80%), the most resection area preserved was the muscular plane, and the mean resection area was 259.2 cm2. The V-Y latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap was the most used, and the thoracoabdominal flap was the second. Epitheliolysis was detected in 13.3% of the patients, and partial necrosis less than 5% of the flap in 13.3%. Conclusion: In the present study, patients with extensive cancers in the thorax presented a challenge for local reconstruction, requiring detailed preoperative planning and multiple options. The participation of the plastic surgeon in the treatment of these patients contributed to the reduction of morbidity rate and low rate of complications.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , História do Século XXI , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles , Mama , Neoplasias da Mama , Estudos Prospectivos , Mamoplastia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Parede Torácica , Complicações Intraoperatórias , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/cirurgia , Mama/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Mamoplastia/métodos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Parede Torácica/cirurgia , Complicações Intraoperatórias/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Investigar a frequência de carcinomas mamários de fenótipo basal em uma série de tumores triplo-negativos (TTN), definidos pela negatividade para receptores de estrógeno (RE), de progesterona (RP) e HER2. MÉTODOS: Selecionamos 140 TTN, obtendo-se características clínico-patológicas e sobrevida. Microarranjo de tecido (2 cilindros de cada tumor) foi construído e submetido à imunoistoquímica para RE, RP, HER2, citoqueratinas (Cks) 5 e 14, EGFR, p63 e p53. Consideramos carcinomas de fenótipo basal os tumores negativos para RE, RP e HER2, e positivos para CK5. RESULTADOS: Encontramos 105 carcinomas de fenótipo basal entre 140 TTN (frequência=75 por cento). A idade média das pacientes foi de 54,8 anos, sendo que 34,3 por cento estavam na pré-menopausa. A maioria dos tumores foi classificada como carcinoma ductal invasor de alto grau. Os TTN exibiram positividade para CK5 (75,0 por cento), CK14 (29 por cento), EGFR (36,4 por cento), p63 (28,6 por cento) e p53 (67,1 por cento). Estadiamento avançado da doença foi observado em 52 pacientes (50 por cento), com diâmetro tumoral maior que 5 cm em 41 casos (39 por cento) e metástases axilares em 61 casos (59,2 por cento). Seguimento clínico foi obtido em 89 pacientes (média=51 meses). Destas, 45 pacientes (50,5 por cento) evoluíram sem doença; 6 (6,7 por cento) estavam vivas com doença e 38 (42,6 por cento) morreram pelo câncer. Recidiva sistêmica ocorreu em 42 pacientes (47,1 por cento), sendo pulmões, cérebro e ossos os principais sítios de metástases. As médias das sobrevidas global e livre de doença foram de 36 e 28 meses, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: Nosso estudo confirma comportamento clínico agressivo e elevada frequência dos carcinomas de fenótipo basal entre os TTN, semelhante ao descrito em casuísticas norte-americanas e europeias.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate basal phenotype in a series of triple-negative (estrogen and progesterone receptors-negative and HER2-negative) invasive mammary carcinomas. METHODS: We selected 140 previously tested triple-negative tumors. Clinical, histopathological and survival data were obtained. A tissue microarray containing 2 cylinders from each tumor was constructed and immunohistochemistry for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2, cytokeratins (CK) 5 and 14, EGFR, p63, and p53 was performed. We considered basal like-cancers (BLC) those tumors that were ER/PR/HER2-negative and CK5-positive. RESULTS: We found 105 cases of BLC from 140 triple-negative tumors (frequency=75.0 percent). The mean age at diagnosis was 54.8 years-old and 34.3 percent were premenopausal women. The majority of tumors were high grade (83.7 percent) and of ductal/no-special-type (80.8 percent). Triple-negative tumors showed immunoreactivity for CK5 (75.0 percent), CK14 (29.0 percent), EGFR (28.6 percent), p63 (28.6 percent), and p53 (67.1 percent). Tumor size larger than 5cm was observed in 41 cases (39.0 percent) and axillary metastases were detected in 61 patients (59.2 percent). Follow-up was recorded for 89 patients (mean=51 months): 45 patients (50.5 percent) with no evidence of disease; 6 patients (6.7 percent) were alive with disease; and 38 patients (42.6 percent) died of the disease. Relapse was detected in 42 women (47.1 percent), lungs, brain, and bones being the most common sites of metastasis. The mean overall survival was 36 months and the mean disease-free interval was 28 months. CONCLUSION: Our findings confirmed that BLC are poor prognosis and highly-frequent carcinomas among triple-negative tumors, similar to data previously reported in North American and European patients.