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Background: Human Bocaviruses (HBoV) can cause acute respiratory tract infections. High coinfection rates cloud its pathogenicity. This study sought to describe the clinical features of HBoV1 disease in children and adults with Influenza-like illness (ILI), exploring associations between viral load, clinical features, and seasonality. Methods: Patients who tested positive for HBoV1 by polymerase chain reaction, enrolled from April 2010 to March 2014 in the ILI002 prospective observational cohort study were included in this cross-sectional nested study. Participants were included in ILI002 if they presented with signs and/or symptoms suggestive of influenza-like illness. Samples were tested for viral load, and NP1 and VP1/VP2 phylogenetic analyses, except for the samples lacking suitable and viable clinical material for genotyping. Findings: We identified HBoV1 in 157 (2.8%) of participants. Prevalence was 4.5% in children and 1.8% in adults. Single HBoV1 detection occurred in 41.1% and 46.3% of children and adults, respectively. Children commonly experienced fever (83.3%), cough with sputum (74.4%), and shortness of breath (72.2%). In the multivariate analysis of children, significant positive associations were detected between viral loads and age (0.20 [95% CI: 0.07, 0.33]), and the presence of fever (2.64 [95% CI: 1.35, 3.94]), nasal congestion (1.03 [95% CI: 0.07, 1.99]), dry cough (1.32 [95% CI: 0.42, 2.22]), chest congestion (1.57 [95% CI: 0.33, 2.80]), red eyes (1.25 [95% CI: 0.35, 2.14]), cough with sputum (1.79 [95% CI: 0.80, 2.78]), and other signs and symptoms such as chills, dizziness, and diaphoresis (1.73 [95% CI: 0.19, 3.27]). In contrast, significant negative associations were found between viral loads and percent neutrophils on the blood count (-0.04 [95% CI: -0.06, -0.02]), fatigue (-1.60 [95% CI: -2.46, -0.74]) and the presence of other symptoms or signs, including adenopathy and rash (-1.26 [95% CI: -2.31, -0.21]). Adults commonly experienced sore throat (73.1%), fatigue (77.4%), and headache (73.1%). In the multivariate analysis of adults, significant positive associations were detected between viral load and body mass index (0.13 [95% CI: 0.04, 0.21]), and the presence of confusion (1.54 [95% CI: 0.55, 2.53]), and sore throat (1.03 [95% CI: 0.20, 1.85]), and significant negative associations were detected between viral load and chest congestion (-1.16 [95% CI: -2.07, -0.24]). HBoV1 was detected throughout the year irrespective of season, temperature, and humidity. Interpretation: This study demonstrated the importance of detecting HBoV1 in patients with influenza-like illness either as single infection or co-infection, in both adults and children, and improves the characterization of HBoV1 seasonality, clinical features, and viral load. Phylogenetic analyses show a high conservation. Funding: The Mexican Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network (LaRed), CONACYT (Fondo Sectorial SSA/IMSS/ISSSTE, Projects No. 71260 and No. 127088), Fondos federales no. HIM/2015/006, NIAID, NIH through a contract with Westat, Inc. (HHSN2722009000031, HHSN27200002), NCI, NIH (75N91019D00024, 75N91019F00130). Additional information at the end of the manuscript.
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This study aimed to investigate the frequency and genotypic diversity of human bocavirus (HBoV) in historical fecal samples collected before 2005 in Brazil and understand its natural history in patients with diarrhea. Between 1998 and 2005, 3347 samples were tested for HBoV by RT-PCR, with a detection rate of 5.8% (195/3347). Coinfection with norovirus (NoV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) was found in 34.9% (68/195), indicating HBoV's potential role as a causative agent of diarrheal disease. The detection rate varied over the years (p < 0.05), suggesting natural oscillatory fluctuations. HBoV was more prevalent in fall and winter, with higher positivity in children ≤5 years (p < 0.05), reinforcing that HBoV is an important pathogen in childhood diarrhea. Genotyping (32.8%; 64/195) revealed the circulation of HBoV-1 (79.7%, 51/64), HBoV-3 (12.5%, 8/64), HBoV-2 (6.2%, 4/64), and the rare HBoV-4 (1.6%, 1/64). Difference in HBoV-1 and HBoV-2/-3 mono-infections prevalence (p < 0.05), suggests a potential role of HBoV-1 in the pathogenicity of diarrheal disease. The study highlights HBoV's lasting impact on viral gastroenteritis in Brazil and emphasizes its genotypic diversity. Recommending screening for HBoV in public health laboratories is crucial for understanding its role in gastrointestinal diseases. The data also contribute to understanding the molecular characterization of enteric viruses in historical fecal samples.
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Adenovírus Humanos , Infecções por Enterovirus , Bocavirus Humano , Criança , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bocavirus Humano/genética , Diarreia/epidemiologia , GenótipoRESUMO
Human bocaviruses were first described between 2005 and 2010, identified in respiratory and enteric tract samples of children. Screening studies have shown worldwide distribution. Based on phylogenetic analysis, they were classified into four genotypes (HBoV1-4). From a clinical perspective, human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is considered the most relevant, since it can cause upper and lower acute respiratory tract infection, mainly in infants, including common cold, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, as well as wheezing in susceptible patients. However, the specific processes leading to structural, biochemical, and functional changes resulting in the different clinical presentations have not been elucidated yet. This review surveys the interactions between the virus and target cells that can potentially explain disease-causing mechanisms. It also summarises the clinical phenotype of cases, stressing the role of HBoV1 as an aetiological agent of lower acute respiratory infection in infants, together with laboratory tests for detection and diagnosis. By exploring the current knowledge on the epidemiology of HBoV1, insights into the complex scenario of paediatric respiratory infections are presented, as well as the potential effects that changes in the circulation can have on the dynamics of respiratory agents, spotlighting the benefits of comprehensively increase insights into incidence, interrelationships with co-circulating agents and potential control of HBoV1.
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Bocavirus Humano , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Infecções Respiratórias , Lactente , Criança , Humanos , Bocavirus Humano/genética , Filogenia , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Replicação Viral , Comunicação Celular , Infecções por Parvoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Viral bivalve contamination is a recognized food safety hazard. Therefore, this study investigated the detection rates, seasonality, quantification, and genetic diversity of enteric viruses in bivalve samples (mussels and oysters). We collected 97 shellfish samples between March 2018 and February 2020. The screening of samples by qPCR or RT-qPCR revealed the detection of norovirus (42.3%), rotavirus A (RVA; 16.5%), human adenovirus (HAdV; 24.7%), and human bocavirus (HBoV; 13.4%). There was no detection of hepatitis A virus. In total, 58.8% of shellfish samples tested positive for one or more viruses, with 42.1% of positive samples contaminated with two or more viruses. Norovirus showed the highest median viral load (3.3 × 106 GC/g), followed by HAdV (median of 3.5 × 104 GC/g), RVA (median of 1.5 × 103 GC/g), and HBoV (median of 1.3 × 103 GC/g). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that norovirus strains belonged to genotype GII.12[P16], RVA to genotype I2, HAdV to types -C2, -C5, and -F40, and HBoV to genotypes -1 and -2. Our results demonstrate the viral contamination of bivalves, emphasizing the need for virological monitoring programs to ensure the quality and safety of shellfish for human consumption and as a valuable surveillance tool to monitor emerging viruses and novel variants.
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Adenovírus Humanos , Bivalves , Infecções por Enterovirus , Enterovirus , Norovirus , Animais , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Norovirus/genética , Enterovirus/genéticaRESUMO
The human bocavirus (HBoV) is an agent of upper and lower respiratory infections, affecting mainly children under 5 years of age. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an important public health problem in developing countries, representing one of the main causes of hospitalizations and deaths in children. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of HBoV and the clinical and epidemiological characteristics in children diagnosed with CAP. For this purpose, nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from 545 children aged 0 to 60 months diagnosed with CAP between January 2013 and December 2014 in a reference pediatric hospital in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. The samples were subjected to PCR for detection of HBoV and parainfluenza 4 (PIV4) and indirect immunofluorescence for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (AdV), influenza A and B (FLU A and FLU B), and parainfluenza 1, 2, and 3 (PIV1, PIV2, PIV3). Clinically, most CAP were non-complicated (487/545; 89.3%); however, 10.7% (58/545) of children were treated in the ICU/resuscitation sector. Among the total samples analyzed, 359 (65.8%) were positive for at least one virus surveyed and 105 (19.2%) samples had two or more viruses. HBoV was detected in 87 samples (15.9%), being the second most prevalent virus. RSV, AdV, FLU A, FLU B, and PIV 1-3 were detected in 150 (27.5%), 45 (8.2%), 30 (5.5%), 3 (0.5%), and 131 (24%) samples, respectively. The age average was 12.1 months in children infected with HBoV, and the most frequent symptoms were dyspnea and cough. In addition, 90.6% of HboV-positive children received antibiotics as empirical treatment. HBoV did not show any circulation pattern; however, it seemed to be more frequent in the first half of the year, totaling 68.9% of the cases. HBoV is a frequent agent of pneumonia in the child population studied.
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Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Bocavirus Humano , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Pneumonia , Infecções Respiratórias , Criança , Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Bocavirus Humano/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is an emerging virus and has been detected worldwide, especially in pediatric patients with respiratory and gastrointestinal infection. In this study, we describe HBoV prevalence, genotypes circulation and DNA shedding, in stool samples from children up to two years of age in Brazil. During 2016 and 2017, 886 acute gastroenteritis (AGE) stool samples from ten Brazilian states were analyzed by TaqMan®-based qPCR, to detect and quantify HBoV. Positive samples were genotyped by sequencing the VP1/2 overlap region, followed by phylogenetic analysis and co-infections were accessed by screening other gastroenteric viruses. HBoV was detected in 12.4% (n = 110) of samples, with viral load ranging from 1.6 × 102 to 1.2 × 109 genome copies per gram of stool. From these, co-infections were found in 79.1%, and a statistically lower HBoV viral load was found compared to viral loads of rotavirus, norovirus and adenovirus in double infected patients (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between HBoV viral load in single or co-infections, age groups or genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis identified the circulation of HBoV-1 in 38%, HBoV-2 in 40% and HBoV-3 in 22%. Continuous HBoV monitoring is needed to clarify its role in diarrhea disease, especially in the absence of classic gastroenteric viruses.
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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to verify the frequency, genotypes, and etiological role of Human Bocavirus (HBoV) in younger Amazonian children with either acute gastroenteritis (AGE) or respiratory infections (ARI). The influence of Rotarix™ vaccination and co-infection status was also investigated. DESIGN: HBoV quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) testing was done on both fecal and saliva (1468 samples) from 734 children < 5 months old living in the Amazon (Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela). High and median HBoV viral load samples were used for extraction, nested PCR amplification, and sequencing for genotyping. HBoV mRNA detection was done by reverse transcription following DNA amplification. RESULTS: The overall HBoV frequencies were 14.2% (69/485; AGE) and 14.1% (35/249; ARI) (p = 0.83). HBoV exclusively infected 4.5% (22/485; AGE) and 4% (10/249) of the Amazonian children (Odds ratios 1.13, 95% confidence interval= 2.42-0.52). HBoV 1 was mainly detected in feces and saliva from AGE children; and HBoV2, from ARI children. HBoV mRNA was detected only in feces. The Rotarix™ vaccination status did not affect the HBoV frequencies. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that, after entry into the air/oral pathways, HBoV1 continues infecting toward the intestinal tract causing AGE. HBoV2 can be a causative agent of AGE and ARI in younger Amazonian children.
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Gastroenterite/virologia , Bocavirus Humano/genética , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Doença Aguda , Brasil , Coinfecção/virologia , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Guiana , Bocavirus Humano/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Saliva/virologia , Venezuela , Carga ViralRESUMO
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and seasonal distributions of HBoV detections among Iranian children presenting with acute respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms and to compare infections among children with concomitant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rotavirus (RV) infections. A cross-sectional study at Mofid Children's Hospital in Tehran, Iran, enrolled children < 3 years old presenting with either acute respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms during the period of 2017-2018. Respiratory or stool specimens collected from each group were initially tested by RT-PCR assays for RSV and RV, respectively, and all specimens were tested for HBoV by PCR assay. Clinical and demographic data were collected and statistically compared. Five hundred respiratory and stool specimens each were tested and 67 (13.4%) and 72 (14.4%) were PCR positive for HBoV, respectively. Of 128 (25.6%) respiratory specimens positive for RSV, 65% were also positive for HBoV (p = 0.019); of 169 (33.8%) stool specimens positive for RV, 62.5% were also positive for HBoV (p = 0.023). Peak circulation of all viruses was during late winter and early spring months (Jan-Mar) in gastrointestinal infections and during winter (Feb-Jan) in respiratory infections. HBoV is commonly detected among Iranian children presenting with acute respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms and is often present as co-infections with RSV and RV, respectively.
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Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Gastroenteropatias/virologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Estações do Ano , Doença Aguda/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Coinfecção/virologia , Estudos Transversais , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/epidemiologia , Bocavirus Humano/genética , Bocavirus Humano/patogenicidade , Humanos , Lactente , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Nasofaringe/virologia , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/genética , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/patogenicidade , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Rotavirus/genética , Rotavirus/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Immunosuppressive therapy causes severe impairment of host defense and diarrhea is a frequent complication in renal transplant recipients. This study aimed to describe the occurrence of Rotavirus A (RVA) and Human Bocavirus (HBoV) in fecal samples of immunosuppressed patients submitted to renal transplantation during posttransplant follow-up. A longitudinal study was carried out involving a 25-patient cohort, selected for kidney transplantation. A total of 126 fecal samples were collected between May 2014 and May 2016. Molecular techniques were used to detect and characterize circulating RVA and HBoV genotypes and statistical analysis were applied to verify the association between epidemiological and clinical characteristics. The prevalence of RVA and HBoV was 24% (6/25) and 40% (10/25), respectively. Among RVA and HBoV positive cases, the majority was female; did not conduct water treatment nor had adequate sewage facilities. The most detected genotypes were RVA G3 (62.5%) and HBoV-3 (95%). Phylogenetic analysis of HBoV strains indicated that studied samples were similar to those found in Asian and American countries. The present study point out the circulation of these viral agents among immunosuppressed individuals and these findings will enable the construction of new knowledge and care perspectives on the cause of diarrhea in this population.
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Fezes/virologia , Bocavirus Humano/isolamento & purificação , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/virologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Bocavirus Humano/genética , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Filogenia , Prevalência , Rotavirus/genética , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/virologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Transplantados/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
PURPOSE: Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a DNA virus that is mostly associated with respiratory infections. However, because it has been found in stool samples, it has been suggested that it may be a causative agent for human enteric conditions. This underpins the continuous search for HBoVs, especially after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine due to acute gastroenteritis cases related to emergent viruses, as HBoVs are more likely to be found in this post-vaccine scenario. Therefore, the aim of this study is to demonstrate the prevalence of HBoV in children aged less than 10 years with acute gastroenteritis in Brazil from November 2011 to November 2012. METHODOLOGY: Stool samples from hospitalized children ≤10 years old who presented symptoms of acute gastroenteritis were analysed for the presence of rotavirus A (RVA) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for HBoV DNA by nested PCR. RESULTS: HBoV positivity was detected in 24.0 % (54/225) of samples. Two peaks of HBoV detection were observed in November 2011 and from July to September 2012. Co-infections between HBoV and rotavirus A were identified in 50.0 % (27/54) of specimens. Phylogenetic analysis identified the presence of HBoV-1 (94.8 %), HBoV-2 (2.6 %) and HBoV-3 (2.6 %) species, with only minor variations among them. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide evidence for the circulation of most HBoV genotypes (except HBoV-4) in the North Region of Brazil at a considerable rate and further investigations are necessary to improve our knowledge in the context of HBoV infections and their role in gastrointestinal diseases.
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Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Bocavirus Humano/genética , Epidemiologia Molecular , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Doença Aguda , Brasil/epidemiologia , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/virologia , DNA Viral/genética , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Gastroenterite/virologia , Genótipo , Bocavirus Humano/classificação , Bocavirus Humano/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , Rotavirus/imunologia , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/virologia , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
INTRODUCTION: B19 virus (B19V) and bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) are human pathogenic parvoviruses that are prevalent worldwide and are responsible for a diverse and not yet fully established spectrum of clinical manifestations. OBJECTIVE: To screen B19V and HBoV1 in patients with clinical manifestations associated with acquisition of the infection during gestation. METHODS: A retrospective, observational study was performed that included serum samples from patients without a previous known aetiology. B19V and HBoV1 were determined by end-point PCR. Positive samples were genotyped. RESULTS: A total of 106 serum samples were analysed, 61 from pregnant women and 45 from neonates and paediatric patients. None were positive for HBoV1, while B19V was detected in 37/106 [34.9â%, 95â% confidence interval (CI): 26.5-44.4] of the samples studied. In the group of pregnant women, 28/61 (45.9â%, 95â% CI: 34.0-58.3) were B19V-positive, and 2 of them had foetal anaemia followed by hydrops and foetal death, 3 were associated with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss and there was 1 case of spontaneous abortion. B19V was also detected in cases of maternal febrile exanthema, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios and foetal ascites. In the group of children, 9/45 (20.0â%, 95â% CI: 10.9-33.8) neonatal patients were B19V-positive, and this was associated with foetal hydrops, TORCH syndrome and cardiac alterations. The nucleotide sequences analysed confirmed the identity of B19V genotype 1. CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence to indicate the presence of HBoV1 in maternal blood or in the newborns/paediatric patients (hence providing no support for the supposed vertical transmission). On the other hand, the high frequency of B19V in the pathologies studied indicates the importance of molecular diagnosis in both the mother and the child. Future efforts should contribute to early detection and characterization of infections.
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Human bocaviruses (HBoV) are mainly associated with respiratory and gastroenteric infections. These viruses belong to the family Parvoviridae, genus Bocaparvovirus and are classified in four subtypes (HBoV1-4). Recombination and point mutation have been described as basis of parvovirus evolution. In this study three viral sequences were obtained from positives HBoV sewage samples collected in two Uruguayan cities and were characterised by different methods as recombinant strains. This recombination event was localised in the 5' end of VP1 gene and the parental strains belonged to subtypes 3 and 4. These three Uruguayan strains are identical at the nucleotide sequences in the analysed genome region of the virus. As far as we known, this study represents the first detection of HBoV recombinants strains in the Americas.
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Humanos , Genoma Viral , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Bocavirus Humano/genética , Filogenia , Uruguai , Sequência de Bases , Bocavirus Humano/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
Abstract The diffuse alveolar hemorrhage syndrome is characterized by the presence of blood in the pulmonary alveolus from arterioles, venules and pulmonary capillaries, as a consequence of the lesion of the alveolar wall and without an endobronchial alteration. Its presentation includes a classic triad of hemoptysis, anemia and diffuse alveolar infiltrates. It's a rare but potentially fatal entity and there are no clear data on its real incidence in the pediatric population. We present the case of a previously healthy pediatric patient, immunocompetent, who presented diffuse alveolar hemorrhage syndrome with secondary ventilatory failure. After discarding all possible etiologies, coinfection by Rhinovirus and human Bocavirus was detected through the polymerase chain reaction, determining them as causal factors of the event. Recently, viral infections have been postulated as causing serious lung disease, especially coinfection in immunocompromised patients, in this case Rhinovirus and human Bocavirus; however there are no reports on the syndrome caused by these viruses.
Resumen El síndrome de hemorragia alveolar difusa se caracteriza por la presencia de sangre los alveolos pulmonar procedente de arteriolas, vénulas y capilares pulmonares, como consecuencia de la lesión de la pared alveolar y sin identificársele una alteración endobronquial. Su presentación incluye una triada clásica de hemoptisis, anemia e infiltrados alveolares difusos. Es una entidad poco frecuente aunque potencialmente fatal y no hay datos claros de su real incidencia en la población pediátrica. Se presenta el caso de un paciente pediátrico previamente sano, inmunocompetente, quien presentó síndrome de hemorragia alveolar difusa con falla ventilatoria secundaria. Después de descartar todas las posibles etiologías, se detectó, a través de reacción en cadena de polimerasa, coinfeccion por Rhinovirus y Bocavirus humano, determinándolos como causales del evento. Recientemente se postula las infecciones virales como causantes de enfermedad pulmonar grave, en especial la coinfeccion en pacientes inmunocomprometidos, en este caso Rhinovirus y Bocavirus humano, sin embargo no existen reportes sobre el síndrome causada por estos virus.
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The aims of this study were to investigate the human bocavirus (HBoV) frequency and genotypes in hospitalized children <5 years presenting acute respiratory infections (ARI) within the São Paulo metropolitan area. Nasopharyngeal samples from 300 patients, previously screened for common respiratory viruses, were tested by qPCR for the NSP1 and NP-1 genes. The VP1/2 gene in positive samples was then amplified by PCR and sequenced. A total of 49 positive HBoV cases (16.3%; mean Ct value of 34.41) were detected with the mean age being 18.1 months (range 1 month to 5 years) and the median age being 1 year of age. Children aged between 0 and 12 months had higher detection rates of HBoV (69.4%; 34/49; mean Ct = 34.45) than children from other age groups (30.6%; 15/49; mean Ct = 34.34). No significant differences were observed between HBoV Ct levels and clinical illness. The occurrence was more frequently associated with fall (38.8%; 19/49) and spring (36.7%; 18/49). All 12 sequenced isolates were identified as HBoV-1, displaying minor genetic variation compared to the Swedish reference strains ST1 and ST2 (99.1-99.7% nt). The sole identification of HBoV-1 supports the hypothesis that this particular genotype is strongly related to ARI, and contributes to the role of this virus in the aetiology of respiratory diseases.
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Bocavirus Humano/genética , Bocavirus Humano/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Doença Aguda/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , DNA Viral/genética , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Feminino , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Bocavirus Humano/fisiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Nasofaringe/virologia , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Proteínas Virais/genéticaRESUMO
Human bocavirus (HBoV) infections are related to respiratory and gastroenteric diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of HBoV in both sewage and surface waters in Uruguay. Sixty-eight sewage samples from the cities of Salto, Paysandú, Bella Unión, Fray Bentos, Treinta y Tres and Melo and 36 surface water samples from the cities of Salto, Florida and Santa Lucía were studied. HBoV was screened by multiplex qPCR for the detection of the four subtypes, followed by monoplex qPCRs for the independent quantification of each subtype. A qualitative PCR followed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was carried out for molecular characterization of HBoV strains. HBoV was present in a high frequency (69%) in sewage and only one positive sample (3%) was found in surface water. Concerning sewage samples, HBoV1 was detected in 11 (23%) out of the 47 positives samples, with a mean concentration of 8.2 × 104 genomic copies/Liter (gc/L), HBoV3 was detected in 35 (74%) of the positive samples with a mean concentration of 4.1 × 106 gc/L and subtypes 2 and/or 4 were detected in 39 (83%) of the positive samples with a mean concentration of 7.8 × 106 gc/L. After the phylogenetic analysis performed by a Bayesian approach, the four HBoV subtypes were confirmed. This is the first study determining a high frequency of HBoV and the presence of the four HBoV subtypes in aquatic matrices in Latin America, mainly in sewage. Although HBoV was scarcely detected in surface water, a waterborne transmission is likely to occur if people enter in contact with polluted surface waters for recreational activities such as fishing or swimming since an elevated frequency of HBoV was detected in raw sewage which is usually directly discharged into surface waters.
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Bocavirus Humano/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Esgotos/virologia , Poluição da Água , Teorema de Bayes , Bocavirus Humano/genética , Humanos , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Uruguai , Microbiologia da ÁguaRESUMO
Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the most frequent pathology along human life, being the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of bocavirus (BoV) in infants under 5 years with symptoms of ARI from north Argentina (Chaco province). The study was performed on nasopharyngeal aspirates from 488 patients, in the period of January-December 2014. The samples were tested by real time PCR and 36 positive BoV cases (7.4%) were detected. The period with the highest detection rate was June-September with 28 cases (77.8%), of which 26 (72.2%) were infants between 6-18 moths of life. In half of BoV positive cases this virus was detected as single infection of the upper respiratory tract, and in the remaining 50%, as concomitant infection with other microorganisms. To our knowledge, this would be the first study on molecular epidemiology of BoV in northern Argentina. We emphasize the importance of investigating these new viruses capable of generating acute respiratory disease and also to disseminate awareness on their circulation within the community.
Assuntos
Bocavirus Humano/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Doença Aguda , Argentina/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Nasofaringe/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
La infección respiratoria aguda (IRA) es la patología más frecuente a lo largo de la vida de una persona y es la causa más común de morbi-motalidad en menores de 5 años. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la frecuencia de bocavirus (BoV) en pacientes menores de 5 años con diagnóstico presuntivo de IRA en una ciudad capital del norte argentino (Resistencia, Chaco). Se analizaron aspirados nasofaríngeos correspondientes a 488 niños durante el año 2014. Los mismos fueron testeados por PCR en tiempo real hallándose BoV en 36 casos (7.4%), de los cuales 26 (72.2%) fueron infantes de 6-18 meses de vida. La mayor concentración de positivos se registró en el período junio-septiembre con un total de 28 pacientes (77.8%). Los casos positivos para BoV se observaron como infección única en el 50% de los mismos y el resto como infecciones concomitantes con otros microorganismos. No conocemos que haya otro estudio de epidemiología molecular de BoV en el norte argentino y destacamos la importancia de investigar los nuevos virus capaces de generar infección respiratoria aguda, y difundir el conocimiento de su circulación en la comunidad.
Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the most frequent pathology along human life, being the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of bocavirus (BoV) in infants under 5 years with symptoms of ARI from north Argentina (Chaco province). The study was performed on nasopharyngeal aspirates from 488 patients, in the period of January-December 2014. The samples were tested by real time PCR and 36 positive BoV cases (7.4%) were detected. The period with the highest detection rate was June-September with 28 cases (77.8%), of which 26 (72.2%) were infants between 6-18 moths of life. In half of BoV positive cases this virus was detected as single infection of the upper respiratory tract, and in the remaining 50%, as concomitant infection with other microorganisms. To our knowledge, this would be the first study on molecular epidemiology of BoV in northern Argentina. We emphasize the importance of investigating these new viruses capable of generating acute respiratory disease and also to disseminate awareness on their circulation within the community.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Bocavirus Humano/isolamento & purificação , Argentina/epidemiologia , Nasofaringe/virologia , Doença Aguda , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
Background: A large proportion of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) remain without etiologic diagnosis, reason why new pathogens are investigated continuously. Human bocavirus (HBoV) was discovered in 2005, as a new member of Parvoviridae family and proposed to cause ARTI. Aim: To know the prevalence of HBoV among pediatric populations hospitalized for ARTI in two provinces of Argentina: Santa Fe and Tucuman; and to describe epidemiological and clinical aspects associated to its detection. Materials and Methods: We studied nasopharyn-geal aspirates of patients younger than 5 years old that were hospitalized during 2013 due ARTI. HBoV DNA was assayed using PCR described by Allander et al. Traditional virnses were studied by immunofluorescence. Personal, clinical and epidemiological data were collected in a standardized form. Results: The HBoV was detected in 7% of the samples and was prevalent in spring and summer and in children younger of 2 years old. Other respiratory viruses were detected in 22% of HBoV positive samples. Discussion: We detected HBoV in these two provinces of Argentina. Further studies should be performed to determine if it’s a recent infection or prolonged viral shedding.
Introducción: Un alto porcentaje de las infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA) permanece sin diagnostico etiológico, por lo cual se investigan nuevos patógenos continuamente. Bocavirus humano (HBoV) fue descubierto en 2005, como un nuevo miembro de la familia Parvoviridae y propuesto como causante de IRA. Objetivos: Investigar la prevalencia de HBoV en niños bajo 5 años de edad, hospitalizados por IRA en dos provincias de Argentina: Santa Fe y Tucumán y describir aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos asociados a su detección. Materiales y Métodos: Se estudiaron retrospectivamente los aspirados nasofaríngeos (ANF) de pacientes bajo 5 años de edad, con diagnóstico de IRA, hospitalizados durante el año 2013. La presencia de HBoV se detectó mediante la RPC de punto final descripta por Allander y cols. Los virus tradicionales se estudiaron mediante inmunofluorescencia. Datos personales, clínicos y epidemiológicos se recolectaron en una planilla estandarizada. Resultados: HBoV fue detectado en 7% de las muestras con prevalencia en primavera y verano; y principalmente en pacientes bajo 2 años de edad. Se registró co-detecciones en 22% de los casos. Discusión: Hemos detectado HBoV en estas dos provincias de Argentina; estudios posteriores deberán efectuarse para determinar si se trata de una infección reciente o una excreción prolongada del virus.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Bocavirus Humano/isolamento & purificação , Argentina/epidemiologia , Estações do Ano , Fatores de Tempo , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Etários , Distribuição por Sexo , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Distribuição por Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
Epidemiological surveillance for Human Bocavirus (HBoV) was conducted on 105 fecal specimens from children with acute gastroenteritis in Bahia, Brazil. Among of a total 105 stool samples, 44 samples were positive for HBoV as detected by nested-PCR. Of the 44 positive samples, co-infections with other enteric viruses (Norovirus, Adenovirus, and Rotavirus) were found in 12 pediatric patients. Mixed infections among HBoV with Norovirus were frequently observed in this population. The phylogenetic analysis identified the presence of HBoV-1, and HBoV 2A species. This study shows that HBoV is another viral pathogen in the etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children in Bahia, Brazil.
Assuntos
Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/virologia , Bocavirus Humano/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/virologia , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Bocavirus Humano/classificação , Bocavirus Humano/genética , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Norovirus/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the most frequent pathology along human life, being the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old. The aim of this study was to determine the circulation of HBoV in infants under 5 years old with symptoms of ARI from north Argentina (Chaco province). Were analyzed 882 nasopharyngeal aspirates obtained during the years 2014 and 2015. The samples were tested by real time PCR and the overal frequency of HBoV was 7.6%. The period with the major detection report was June-September with 77.6% of all positive cases. It is interesting that 98.5% of all cases were in infants aged 0 to 2 years of life. HBoV positive cases were given as single infection in 46.3% of patients and the remaining 53.7% as concomitant infections with other viruses. The evaluation of two full years calendar of molecular epidemiological study in northern Argentina of HBoV, reflects more accurately the current situation and could lead to re-formulate strategies for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this disease. We intend to highlight the importance of investigate this new virus capable of produce an acute respiratory disease by providing information about it to the community.
A infecção respiratória aguda (IRA) é a mais frequente ao longo da vida de uma patologia individual e é a causa mais comum de mortalidade/morbidade em crianças com menos de 5 anos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o movimento do Bocavírus Humano (HBoV) em crianças menores de 5 anos com um diagnóstico presuntivo de IRA numa capital estadual do norte da Argentina (Resistencia, Chaco). Foram analizados 882 aspirados nasofaríngeos, obtidos durante os anos 2014 e 2015. As pessoas foram testeadas por PCR em tempo real, onde se encontrou uma frequência de HBoV do 7,6% (67/882), dando a maior concentração de casos positivos no período de junho a setembro (77,6%). Curiosamente, 98,5% dos casos foram em crianças de 0 a 2 anos de vida. Os casos positívos de HBoV foram dados como única infecção em 46,3% dos pacientes e os restantes 53,7% como infecções concomitantes com outros vírus. A avaliação de dois anos, calendário completo de estudo de epidemiologia molecular HBoV no norte da Argentina, reflete com mais precisão a realidade, e pode reformular as estratégias para o diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico da patología. Temos a intenção de destacar a importância de se investigar o novo vírus capaz de gerar doença respiratória aguda, fornecendo informações dele para a comunidade
La infección respiratoria aguda (IRA) es la patología más frecuente a lo largo de la vida de una persona y es la causa más común de morbi-motalidad en niños menores de 5 años. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la circulación del Bocavirus Humano (HBoV) en niños menores de 5 años con diagnóstico presuntivo de IRA en una ciudad capital del norte argentino (Resistencia, Chaco). Ruiz Díaz, Natalia; y Col. Rev. Fac. Med. UNNE XXXVI: 3, 5-12, 2016 Se analizaron 882 aspirados nasofaríngeos obtenidos durante los años 2014 y 2015. Los mismos fueron testeados por PCR en tiempo real encontrándose una frecuencia de HBoV de 7.6% (67/882), dándose la mayor concentración de casos positivos en el período junio-septiembre (77,6%) y es interesante destacar que el 98,5% del total de casos se registraron en infantes entre 0 a 2 año de vida. Los casos positivos para HBoV se dieron como infección única en el 46.3% de los pacientes y el 53.7% restante como infecciones concomitantes con otros virus. La evaluación de dos años -calendarios completos- de estudio epidemiológico molecular de HBoV en el norte argentino, refleja de manera más fiel la realidad ya que permite reformular las estrategias en cuanto al diagnóstico, el tratamiento y el pronóstico de esta patología. Pretendemos destacar la importancia de investigar los nuevos virus capaces de generar patología respiratoria aguda brindando información sobre el mismo a la comunidad