RESUMO

This study investigated if the exposure to tributyltin (TBT), a chemical used worldwide in boat antifouling paints, could result in metabolic disturbances in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. After the exposure to TBT 100 or 1000 ng.L-1 for 48 and 96 h, hemolymph and tissues were collected to determine the concentration of metabolites and lipid peroxidation. The levels of glucose, lactate, cholesterol, and triglycerides in the hemolymph were not affected by TBT exposure. Hemolymph protein and heart glycogen increased in the crabs exposed to TBT 1000 for 96 h. Anterior gills protein and lipoperoxidation decreased after 96 h in all groups. These results suggest that C. sapidus can maintain energy homeostasis when challenged by the TBT exposure for 48 h and that metabolic alterations initiate after 96 h.

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Crabs can be infected by a variety of pathogenic micro-organisms but the most damaging are viruses. Naturally-occurring Callinectes sapidus reovirus 1 (CsRV1) is thought to contribute to mortality of Callinectes sapidus in soft crab culture in the USA. In Brazil, soft crabs are frequently produced using Callinectes danae, which suffers a similar rate of mortality in culture as C. sapidus. This study investigated whether CsRV1 could be detected in healthy or dead Callinectes danae from Paraná, Brazil and kept in captivity, we also evaluated the relationship between viral infection, and biochemical and behavioral parameters. C. danae from Paranaguá Bay were kept in a recirculation system for 14 days and subjected to weekly biochemical analyses and a reflex action mortality predictors (RAMP) test. RT-qPCR assays for CsRV1 were negative for all samples. However, electrophoretic analysis of extracted RNA from some crabs showed a pattern of 12 dsRNA bands that indicated intense infection by a reovirus with a genome organization different from CsRV1. The banding pattern was indistinguishable from a putative novel reovirus detected in C. sapidus in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, provisionally called CsRV2. The prevalence of dsRNA of CsRV2 showed no significant difference between crabs that died and survived. Interestingly, the presence of CsRV2 dsRNA was correlated with a significant reduction in glycogen concentration in hepatopancreas and a decrease in reflex action. The results obtained in this study are an early glimpse of the occurrence of reoviruses in C. danae and their potential effects in soft-shell crab systems in Brazil.

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In this study, to better our understanding of the current state of conservation of Cardisoma guanhumi and its habitats, we evaluated the potential spatio-temporal genomic damage of this species across five estuaries in Brazil. The experiment was performed over two consecutive years, and the sampling was performed in the winter and summer seasons. Two genetic tests - micronucleus test and comet assay - were used to quantify the DNA damage. Unlike in the summers and in the winter of 2013, in the winter of 2012 a significant increase was noted in the frequency of micronucleated cells and genomic damage index. The occurrence of genomic damage coincided with the arrival of the harsh winter of 2012 as the water sourced from the coastal rivers significantly affected the estuarine species under study. Our results confirmed that this species was resilient to the atypical climatic conditions, which facilitated the generation of excessive waste.

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This short note aims to report in detail a preliminary assessment of the concentrations of Cd, Hg and Pb in tissues of blue crabs Callinectes danae collected from the Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe estuarine complex (CIP), in the South of São Paulo State coast, Brazil. In October 2014, blue crabs were collected from CIP. Tissues were removed by dissection and metal determination was performed by GF-AAS and CV-AAS. According to statistical analysis, Pb and Cd concentrations in gills were significantly higher than those found in muscles and hepatopancreas, respectively. There were no significant differences in Hg concentrations between samples. Cd, Hg and Pb concentrations in gills and hepatopancreas were lower than those reported in a previous study performed at CIP. However, Cd concentration in hepatopancreas was higher than the Brazilian limit for consumption and new efforts to monitor Cd concentrations in C. danae tissues must be performed.

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The Callinectes genus has constant presence in extractive activities carried out by coastal communities. This study aimed to provide basic information about the population biology of C. sapidus and his diet in Saco da Fazenda (Itajaí/SC). The size at first maturity was estimated at 10.8cm (females) and as 8,8cm (males) in total carapace width. The CPUE had the lowest values in spring and the highest in autumn. For the period 2002-2003 the difference between the number of males and females was not significant, with a ratio of 0.84. As for the periods 2003-2004 (ratio=0.75) and 2004-2005 (ratio=1.37), the difference between the number of males and females was significantly. The highest monthly rates of biomass were recorded in the months of April, May, June and July. For the diet analyses were analyzed 254 individuals (120 males and 134 females). The X2 test analysis applied to the proportion of the sexes showed no significant difference. The majority of males (80%) and females (78.36%) presented the stomach with content. It was possible to identify 12 dietary items, and the most important are those of animal origin. The vegetable items represent a secondary role in the diet of blue crab.

O gênero Callinectes tem presença constante nas atividades extrativistas praticadas por comunidades litorâneas. O objetivo do trabalho é fornecer informações básicas sobre a biologia populacional e a dieta do siri-azul, C. sapidus, no Saco da Fazenda (Itajaí/SC). O tamanho da primeira maturação foi estimado em 10,8 cm (fêmeas) e 8,8 cm (machos) de largura total de carapaça. A CPUE apresentou os valores mais baixos na primavera e os mais elevados no outono. Para o período 2002-2003, a diferença entre o número de machos e o de fêmeas não foi significativa, com uma razão de 0,84. Entretanto, para os períodos 2003-2004 (razão=0,75) e 2004-2005 (razão=1,37), a diferença entre o número de machos e o de fêmeas foi significativa. As maiores taxas mensais de biomassa foram registradas nos meses de abril, maio, junho e julho. Para a análise da dieta foram analisados 254 indivíduos (120 machos e 134 fêmeas). A análise do teste X2 aplicada à proporção dos sexos não demonstrou diferença significativa. A maioria dos machos (80%) e das fêmeas (78,36%) apresentava o estômago com conteúdo. Foi possível identificar 12 itens alimentares na dieta, sendo que os de maior importância foram os de origem animal. Os itens de origem vegetal representam um papel secundário na dieta da espécie.

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RESUMO

Population aspects of Callinectes ornatus (Ordway, 1863) originated from bob-shrimp fishing in the river catchment area São Francisco (Alagoas and Sergipe - Brazil). The carcinofauna escort originated from fishing for bob-shrimp (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri Heller, 1862) is quite diverse; highlighting catches the crab C. ornatus. In this paper, the biological material was collected monthly from January to December 2011, the last Fishing trailing. C. ornatus totaled 891 individuals, of whom 57.9% were males. The average width of the carapace was 29.2mm for males and for females 24.8mm; for males the catch concentrated in individuals with carapace width of between 8 and 44mm (mode in 38mm), while females ranged from 10 to 42mm (mode in 29 mm); recruitment, taking into account the average width of the carapace, was recorded in a continuous period between December and May, for males and from November to May, for females. The length-weight relationship of the specimens was positive allometric for males (b=3.17) and females (b=3.04). To protect the crab, this paper provides background information to support the planning and fisheries management of this species.

A carcinofauna que acompanha a pesca artesanal do camarão Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) é bastante diversificada, com destaque à captura do siri Callinectes ornatus (Ordway, 1863). Neste estudo, o material biológico foi coletado mensalmente durante um ano (janeiro a dezembro/2011), proveniente de embarcação motorizada da frota camaroeira de arrasto. C. ornatus totalizou 891 indivíduos, dos quais 57,9% eram machos. A média de largura do cefalotórax (LC) foi maior nos machos (29,2 mm) do que nas fêmeas (24,8 mm); para os machos, as capturas concentraram-se em indivíduos com LC entre 8 e 44 mm, e fêmeas entre 10 a 42 mm; o recrutamento, levando-se em consideração os menores tamanhos (LC), foi registrado em um período contínuo de seis meses para os machos (dezembro a maio), similar aos sete meses constatados para as fêmeas (novembro a maio). A relação peso-tamanho dos espécimes foi alométrica positiva para os machos (b=3,17) e fêmeas (b=3,04). Os dados obtidos fornecem informação básica, indispensável como subsídios ao ordenamento e manejo pesqueiro do siri, particularmente na região de abrangência da pluma estuarina do Rio São Francisco (Alagoas e Sergipe, Brasil).

Assuntos

RESUMO

Population aspects of Callinectes ornatus (Ordway, 1863) originated from bob-shrimp fishing in the river catchment area São Francisco (Alagoas and Sergipe - Brazil). The carcinofauna escort originated from fishing for bob-shrimp (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri Heller, 1862) is quite diverse; highlighting catches the crab C. ornatus. In this paper, the biological material was collected monthly from January to December 2011, the last Fishing trailing. C. ornatus totaled 891 individuals, of whom 57.9% were males. The average width of the carapace was 29.2mm for males and for females 24.8mm; for males the catch concentrated in individuals with carapace width of between 8 and 44mm (mode in 38mm), while females ranged from 10 to 42mm (mode in 29 mm); recruitment, taking into account the average width of the carapace, was recorded in a continuous period between December and May, for males and from November to May, for females. The length-weight relationship of the specimens was positive allometric for males (b=3.17) and females (b=3.04). To protect the crab, this paper provides background information to support the planning and fisheries management of this species.(AU)

A carcinofauna que acompanha a pesca artesanal do camarão Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) é bastante diversificada, com destaque à captura do siri Callinectes ornatus (Ordway, 1863). Neste estudo, o material biológico foi coletado mensalmente durante um ano (janeiro a dezembro/2011), proveniente de embarcação motorizada da frota camaroeira de arrasto. C. ornatus totalizou 891 indivíduos, dos quais 57,9% eram machos. A média de largura do cefalotórax (LC) foi maior nos machos (29,2 mm) do que nas fêmeas (24,8 mm); para os machos, as capturas concentraram-se em indivíduos com LC entre 8 e 44 mm, e fêmeas entre 10 a 42 mm; o recrutamento, levando-se em consideração os menores tamanhos (LC), foi registrado em um período contínuo de seis meses para os machos (dezembro a maio), similar aos sete meses constatados para as fêmeas (novembro a maio). A relação peso-tamanho dos espécimes foi alométrica positiva para os machos (b=3,17) e fêmeas (b=3,04). Os dados obtidos fornecem informação básica, indispensável como subsídios ao ordenamento e manejo pesqueiro do siri, particularmente na região de abrangência da pluma estuarina do Rio São Francisco (Alagoas e Sergipe, Brasil).(AU)

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RESUMO

The Callinectes genus has constant presence in extractive activities carried out by coastal communities. This study aimed to provide basic information about the population biology of C. sapidus and his diet in Saco da Fazenda (Itajaí/SC). The size at first maturity was estimated at 10.8cm (females) and as 8,8cm (males) in total carapace width. The CPUE had the lowest values in spring and the highest in autumn. For the period 2002-2003 the difference between the number of males and females was not significant, with a ratio of 0.84. As for the periods 2003-2004 (ratio=0.75) and 2004-2005 (ratio=1.37), the difference between the number of males and females was significantly. The highest monthly rates of biomass were recorded in the months of April, May, June and July. For the diet analyses were analyzed 254 individuals (120 males and 134 females). The X2 test analysis applied to the proportion of the sexes showed no significant difference. The majority of males (80%) and females (78.36%) presented the stomach with content. It was possible to identify 12 dietary items, and the most important are those of animal origin. The vegetable items represent a secondary role in the diet of blue crab.(AU)

O gênero Callinectes tem presença constante nas atividades extrativistas praticadas por comunidades litorâneas. O objetivo do trabalho é fornecer informações básicas sobre a biologia populacional e a dieta do siri-azul, C. sapidus, no Saco da Fazenda (Itajaí/SC). O tamanho da primeira maturação foi estimado em 10,8 cm (fêmeas) e 8,8 cm (machos) de largura total de carapaça. A CPUE apresentou os valores mais baixos na primavera e os mais elevados no outono. Para o período 2002-2003, a diferença entre o número de machos e o de fêmeas não foi significativa, com uma razão de 0,84. Entretanto, para os períodos 2003-2004 (razão=0,75) e 2004-2005 (razão=1,37), a diferença entre o número de machos e o de fêmeas foi significativa. As maiores taxas mensais de biomassa foram registradas nos meses de abril, maio, junho e julho. Para a análise da dieta foram analisados 254 indivíduos (120 machos e 134 fêmeas). A análise do teste X2 aplicada à proporção dos sexos não demonstrou diferença significativa. A maioria dos machos (80%) e das fêmeas (78,36%) apresentava o estômago com conteúdo. Foi possível identificar 12 itens alimentares na dieta, sendo que os de maior importância foram os de origem animal. Os itens de origem vegetal representam um papel secundário na dieta da espécie.(AU)

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AbstractThe life cycle of the crab Callinectes danae is estuarine-dependent, and studies on aspects of their biology should also cover marine areas. The present study investigated the sexual maturity, as well as habitat preference by adults in different gonadal stages, and the crabs’ reproductive periodicity outside the estuary. Three bays on the subtropical southeastern coast of Brazil were sampled monthly for two years. For each bay, six transects were established, four of them parallel to the beach line (5, 10, 15 and 20 m depth), as well as one transect in an exposed area, and another sheltered from the action of waves. The results showed that the pattern of spatio-temporal distribution of adults C. danae was similar in three bays, although the highest abundance was found in Ubatumirim. Females with developed gonads/ovigerous females were found in greater abundance than females with rudimentary/developing gonads, mainly in deeper transects. Although the areas sampled have different environmental characteristics, the reproductive pattern of the species did not change, showing continuous reproduction throughout, with more abundance of reproductive females on spring and summer. Males reached maturity at larger sizes than females in all three bays.

ResumoO siri Callinectes danae é estuarino dependente em seu ciclo de vida, sendo que os estudos que levantam informações sobre os aspectos da sua biologia devem também abranger regiões marinhas. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a maturidade sexual, bem como a preferência ocupacional por adultos em diferentes estágios gonadais e sua periodicidade reprodutiva fora da região estuarina. Para tanto, três enseadas da porção subtropical do litoral sudeste brasileiro foram amostradas mensalmente, durante dois anos. Para cada enseada, seis transectos foram estabelecidos, quatro deles paralelos à linha de praia (5, 10, 15 e 20m de profundidade), um transecto exposto e outro abrigado à ação de ondas. Os resultados mostraram que o padrão de distribuição espaço-temporal de adultos de C. danae foi similar nas três enseadas, embora uma maior abundância tenha sido encontrada em Ubatumirim. Fêmeas ovígeras e com gônadas desenvolvidas foram encontradas em maior abundância que fêmeas com gônadas rudimentares e em desenvolvimento, principalmente nos transectos mais profundos. Apesar das regiões amostradas possuírem características ambientais diferenciadas, o padrão reprodutivo da espécie não sofreu alterações, apresentando reprodução contínua, com maior abundância de fêmeas reprodutivas na primavera e verão. Machos atingiram maturidade em tamanhos maiores que as fêmeas nas três enseadas.

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RESUMO

The life cycle of the crab Callinectes danae is estuarine-dependent, and studies on aspects of their biology should also cover marine areas. The present study investigated the sexual maturity, as well as habitat preference by adults in different gonadal stages, and the crabs reproductive periodicity outside the estuary. Three bays on the subtropical southeastern coast of Brazil were sampled monthly for two years. For each bay, six transects were established, four of them parallel to the beach line (5, 10, 15 and 20 m depth), as well as one transect in an exposed area, and another sheltered from the action of waves. The results showed that the pattern of spatio-temporal distribution of adults C. danae was similar in three bays, although the highest abundance was found in Ubatumirim. Females with developed gonads/ovigerous females were found in greater abundance than females with rudimentary/developing gonads, mainly in deeper transects. Although the areas sampled have different environmental characteristics, the reproductive pattern of the species did not change, showing continuous reproduction throughout, with more abundance of reproductive females on spring and summer. Males reached maturity at larger sizes than females in all three bays.(AU)

O siri Callinectes danae é estuarino dependente em seu ciclo de vida, sendo que os estudos que levantam informações sobre os aspectos da sua biologia devem também abranger regiões marinhas. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a maturidade sexual, bem como a preferência ocupacional por adultos em diferentes estágios gonadais e sua periodicidade reprodutiva fora da região estuarina. Para tanto, três enseadas da porção subtropical do litoral sudeste brasileiro foram amostradas mensalmente, durante dois anos. Para cada enseada, seis transectos foram estabelecidos, quatro deles paralelos à linha de praia (5, 10, 15 e 20m de profundidade), um transecto exposto e outro abrigado à ação de ondas. Os resultados mostraram que o padrão de distribuição espaço-temporal de adultos de C. danae foi similar nas três enseadas, embora uma maior abundância tenha sido encontrada em Ubatumirim. Fêmeas ovígeras e com gônadas desenvolvidas foram encontradas em maior abundância que fêmeas com gônadas rudimentares e em desenvolvimento, principalmente nos transectos mais profundos. Apesar das regiões amostradas possuírem características ambientais diferenciadas, o padrão reprodutivo da espécie não sofreu alterações, apresentando reprodução contínua, com maior abundância de fêmeas reprodutivas na primavera e verão. Machos atingiram maturidade em tamanhos maiores que as fêmeas nas três enseadas.(AU)

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Metal concentrations (Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd) were determined in muscle, gills, soft tissues and eggs in male, non-ovigerous and ovigerous female Callinectes sp. specimens from a reference site in Southeastern Brazil. Metallothionein (MT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were also determined. Results demonstrate that sex has a significant influence on metal, MT and GSH concentrations. Significant maternal transfer of Pb and Zn from ovigerous females to eggs was verified, while female crabs, both ovigerous and non-ovigerous, showed elevated GSH and MT in viscera when compared to males, indicating possible MT role in excreting metals to eggs in ovigerous females of this species. Several strong statistical correlations between metals and MT indicate MTs role in detoxification of both toxic and essential elements in different organs. Pb and Zn were significantly correlated to GSH, indicating oxidative stress caused by the former and a direct link between Zn and GSH in maintaining homeostasis. Regarding human consumption, metal concentrations were lower than the maximum permissible levels established by international and Brazilian regulatory agencies, indicating that this species is safe for human consumption concerning this parameter. The presence of metals in Callinectes sp., however, is still of importance considering that this is a key species within the studied ecosystem and, therefore, plays a major role in the transference of pollutants to higher trophic levels. In addition, the presence of significant metal concentrations found in eggs must be considered in this context, since crab eggs are eaten by several other species, such as shorebirds, seabirds, and fish. Also, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study regarding both MT and GSH levels in Callinectes sp. eggs and is of interest in the investigation of molecular mechanisms regarding metal exposure in these crustaceans. Data reported in this study support the conclusions from previous reports, provide mechanistic insights regarding metal exposure, metallothionein and oxidative stress induction in this species and also present novel data regarding eggs.

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Zero-inflated counting data of juvenile blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896) collected in two estuaries of Rio Grande do Sul are the object of the present study. These data led to the formulation of hierarchical models that quantify the effect of categorical covariates months and location on the probability of occurrence and density of these populations, taking imperfect detection into account. Nonhierarchical models were also developed for comparison. A Bayesian approach was adopted for estimating model parameters using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation technique. Model comparison was performed according to the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC). Hierarchical models resulted in better fits than conventional ones, mitigated the problem of excess zeros and allowed for simultaneous analysis of the probability of occurrence and the density of juvenile blue crab. The probability of occurrence of Class 2 juveniles in the Lagoa dos Patos estuary increases at larger distance from the mouth while in Tramandaí the occurrence is more likely for intermediate distances. In both estuaries the occurrence is more likely in the summer and winter months. Regarding density of Class 2 juveniles, there is marked variation among the months of the year; and is overall higher in the Tramandaí estuary.(AU)

Dados de contagem de juvenis de siri-azul (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896) coletados em dois estuários do Rio Grande do Sul são objeto do presente estudo. Por se encontrarem zero-inflacionados, esses dados motivaram a formulação de modelos hierárquicos, que quantificam o efeito das covariáveis categóricas mês e local sobre a probabilidade de ocorrência e densidade dessas populações, levando em conta a detecção imperfeita. Foram também desenvolvidos modelos não-hierárquicos para comparação. Uma abordagem Bayesiana foi adotada para a estimação dos parâmetros dos modelos por simulação Monte Carlo com Cadeias de Markov (MCMC). A comparação entre modelos foi feita com o Critério de Informação da Deviância (DIC). Os modelos hierárquicos apresentaram ajustes melhores que os modelos convencionais, mitigaram o problema do excesso de zeros e permitiram analisar simultaneamente as probabilidades de ocorrência e a densidade de juvenis de siri-azul. No estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, a probabilidade de ocorrência de juvenis na Classe 2 aumenta com a distância da desembocadura, enquanto em Tramandaí os pontos intermediários apresentam as maiores probabilidades. Em ambos os estuários a ocorrência é mais provável nos meses de verão e de inverno. A densidade de juvenis da Classe 2 apresenta marcada variação em relação aos meses do ano sendo, em geral, maior no estuário de Tramandaí.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Zero-inflated counting data of juvenile blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896) collected in two estuaries of Rio Grande do Sul are the object of the present study. These data led to the formulation of hierarchical models that quantify the effect of categorical covariates months and location on the probability of occurrence and density of these populations, taking imperfect detection into account. Nonhierarchical models were also developed for comparison. A Bayesian approach was adopted for estimating model parameters using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation technique. Model comparison was performed according to the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC). Hierarchical models resulted in better fits than conventional ones, mitigated the problem of excess zeros and allowed for simultaneous analysis of the probability of occurrence and the density of juvenile blue crab. The probability of occurrence of Class 2 juveniles in the Lagoa dos Patos estuary increases at larger distance from the mouth while in Tramandaí the occurrence is more likely for intermediate distances. In both estuaries the occurrence is more likely in the summer and winter months. Regarding density of Class 2 juveniles, there is marked variation among the months of the year; and is overall higher in the Tramandaí estuary.

Dados de contagem de juvenis de siri-azul (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896) coletados em dois estuários do Rio Grande do Sul são objeto do presente estudo. Por se encontrarem zero-inflacionados, esses dados motivaram a formulação de modelos hierárquicos, que quantificam o efeito das covariáveis categóricas mês e local sobre a probabilidade de ocorrência e densidade dessas populações, levando em conta a detecção imperfeita. Foram também desenvolvidos modelos não-hierárquicos para comparação. Uma abordagem Bayesiana foi adotada para a estimação dos parâmetros dos modelos por simulação Monte Carlo com Cadeias de Markov (MCMC). A comparação entre modelos foi feita com o Critério de Informação da Deviância (DIC). Os modelos hierárquicos apresentaram ajustes melhores que os modelos convencionais, mitigaram o problema do excesso de zeros e permitiram analisar simultaneamente as probabilidades de ocorrência e a densidade de juvenis de siri-azul. No estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, a probabilidade de ocorrência de juvenis na Classe 2 aumenta com a distância da desembocadura, enquanto em Tramandaí os pontos intermediários apresentam as maiores probabilidades. Em ambos os estuários a ocorrência é mais provável nos meses de verão e de inverno. A densidade de juvenis da Classe 2 apresenta marcada variação em relação aos meses do ano sendo, em geral, maior no estuário de Tramandaí.

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RESUMO

C. sapidus fisheries has a significant influence on the economy of some countries in North America and has a relative extensive literature in these regions. However, only few papers discuss the ecology of C. sapidus in the South Atlantic, despite its economic importance in that region. We studied the fecundity, reproductive seasonality and maturation size of C. sapidus females captured in the Southeast coast of Brazil from January to December 2002. Females were separated, weighted (Wt), and cephalothorax width (CW) was measured. Furthermore, the eggs-masses were classified according to embryonic development, separated, weighted (We) and fixed. Eggs were also separated and counted, resulting in the average number of eggs per individual (Ne). A total sample of 307 females was collected: 78 young, 130 adults and 99 ovigerous. Ovigerous females showed CW between 7.49 and 15.89cm with average of 12.21cm and were distributed throughout the sample period, with highest incidence between December and March. The onset of morphological maturity (L50) occurred at CW=10.33cm, and the size in which all were mature (L100) was CW=11.20cm. Individual fecundity ranged from 689 356 to 3 438 122 with an average of 2 006 974. The CW showed a positive growth trend with Ne and We. We concluded that in order to ensure the resource sustainability, it is necessary to prohibit captures of C. sapidus in these regions, especially during summer. Additionally, our studies suggest that the minimum capture size should be 11cm of carapace width.

Hay pocos estudios sobre la ecología de C. sapidus en el Atlántico Sur, a pesar de su importancia económica en la región. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo conocer la fecundidad, periodo reproductivo y talla de primera madurez morfológica de las hembras de C. sapidus, con el fin de contribuir a una mejor comprensión de la especie en el Atlántico occidental, así como ayudar en la toma de medidas de gestión en la región. Las muestras fueron recolectadas mensualmente de enero a diciembre 2002 en sudeste del Brazil. Se recogieron 307 hembras: 78 jóvenes, 130 adultos y 99 ovígeras. Las hembras ovígeras mostró su intervalo de talla de 7.49-15.89cm ancho del carapazón (AC) y se distribuyeron en todo el período de la muestra, con mayor incidencia entre diciembre y marzo. El inicio de la madurez morfológica (L50) fue con la AC=10.33cm y el tamaño que tenían todos los maduros (L100) con AC de 11.20cm. Fecundidad individual osciló entre 689 356 a 3 438 122, con una media 2 006 974. El AC mostró una tendencia positiva en el crecimiento con número de huevos y el peso del huevos. El conocimiento de los aspectos reproductivos de la población es importante en la definición de medidas de gestión para el uso sostenible con el fin de renovar y continuar con la misma.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A presença do vírus da síndrome da mancha branca (em inglês WSSV) nas principais espécies de camarões, siris e caranguejos de cinco lagoas que recebem o efluente de fazendas afetadas pela enfermidade foi detectada por nested PCR, e inclusões virais nos camarões por histologia. Pela nested PCR encontrou-se a presença de WSSV em 13 de 16 (81,2 por cento) amostras de camarões da espécie Farfantepenaeus paulensis, em 13 de 14 (92,8 por cento) de Litopenaeus schmitti, em uma de duas de Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (50 por cento), em 13 de 15 (86,6 por cento) de siri da espécie Callinectes danae e em 11 de 12 (91,6 por cento) de Callinectes sapidus, e não foi detectada no caranguejo Chasmagnathus granulata em 10 amostras. Inclusões características de WSSV foram observadas em três amostras histológicas de 50 (6,0 por cento) no epitélio gástrico e cuticular e nas brânquias de dois exemplares de F. paulensis e um de L. schmitti. É o primeiro relato da presença de WSSV em camarões L. schmitti e no siri C. danae silvestres. As principais espécies de camarões e siris dos ambientes de entorno das fazendas foram contaminadas pelo WSSV, constituindo-se em vetores potenciais do vírus.(AU)

The presence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in the main species of shrimps, blue crabs, and burrowing crabs of five lagoons where shrimp farm effluents are discharged, was analyzed by nested PCR and the presence of virus inclusions in the shrimps was analyzed through histopathology. The nested PCR analysis indicated the presence of WSSV in 13 of 16 (81.2 percent) samples of the shrimp species of Farfantepenaeus paulensis, in 13 of 14 (92.8 percent) of Litopenaeus schmitti, in one of two of Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (50 percent), in 13 of 15 (86.6 percent) of blue crab species of Callinectes danae and in 11 of 12 (91.6 percent) of Callinectes sapidus and none was detected in the 10 samples of the burrowing crab Chasmagnathus granulata. The inclusion characteristics of WSSV were observed in three samples of 50 (6.0 percent) in the gastric and cuticular epithelium and in the gills of two specimens of F. paulensis and one of L. schmitti. The presence of WSSV in L. schmitti wild shrimp and in the C. danae blue crab is reported for the first time in the present work. The results indicate that the main species of shrimps and blue crabs of the environment surrounding the farms were infected by WSSV, and they may be considered potential vectors of the virus.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A presença do vírus da síndrome da mancha branca (em inglês WSSV) nas principais espécies de camarões, siris e caranguejos de cinco lagoas que recebem o efluente de fazendas afetadas pela enfermidade foi detectada por nested PCR, e inclusões virais nos camarões por histologia. Pela nested PCR encontrou-se a presença de WSSV em 13 de 16 (81,2 por cento) amostras de camarões da espécie Farfantepenaeus paulensis, em 13 de 14 (92,8 por cento) de Litopenaeus schmitti, em uma de duas de Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (50 por cento), em 13 de 15 (86,6 por cento) de siri da espécie Callinectes danae e em 11 de 12 (91,6 por cento) de Callinectes sapidus, e não foi detectada no caranguejo Chasmagnathus granulata em 10 amostras. Inclusões características de WSSV foram observadas em três amostras histológicas de 50 (6,0 por cento) no epitélio gástrico e cuticular e nas brânquias de dois exemplares de F. paulensis e um de L. schmitti. É o primeiro relato da presença de WSSV em camarões L. schmitti e no siri C. danae silvestres. As principais espécies de camarões e siris dos ambientes de entorno das fazendas foram contaminadas pelo WSSV, constituindo-se em vetores potenciais do vírus.

The presence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in the main species of shrimps, blue crabs, and burrowing crabs of five lagoons where shrimp farm effluents are discharged, was analyzed by nested PCR and the presence of virus inclusions in the shrimps was analyzed through histopathology. The nested PCR analysis indicated the presence of WSSV in 13 of 16 (81.2 percent) samples of the shrimp species of Farfantepenaeus paulensis, in 13 of 14 (92.8 percent) of Litopenaeus schmitti, in one of two of Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (50 percent), in 13 of 15 (86.6 percent) of blue crab species of Callinectes danae and in 11 of 12 (91.6 percent) of Callinectes sapidus and none was detected in the 10 samples of the burrowing crab Chasmagnathus granulata. The inclusion characteristics of WSSV were observed in three samples of 50 (6.0 percent) in the gastric and cuticular epithelium and in the gills of two specimens of F. paulensis and one of L. schmitti. The presence of WSSV in L. schmitti wild shrimp and in the C. danae blue crab is reported for the first time in the present work. The results indicate that the main species of shrimps and blue crabs of the environment surrounding the farms were infected by WSSV, and they may be considered potential vectors of the virus.

RESUMO

Using modal progression analysis for indirect age determination, growth of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 was estimated for two fishery areas of the Patos Lagoon. Individuals were sampled using a conventional gear of the artisanal fishery - trawl net - from February, 2005 to March, 2006 in 'Saco da Mangueira' and 'Saco do Arraial'. A total of 2,609 (1,194 males and 1,416 females) animals was caught. Growth curves were estimated using the von Bertalanffy growth model. Estimated growth curves were validated in the light of the life cycle and biological characteristics of the species. Asymptotic width (CWmax) was fixed in all analyses (162.71mm, ± s.d.=3.10 and 157.78mm, ± s.d.=5.45 for males and females respectively), as this value is an average of the maximum lengths of crabs caught in the estuary over a period of 20 years. Growth parameters and longevity were estimated for males ('Saco da Mangueira', K=0.0039/day; t o=-6.07; 1195 days; 'Saco do Arraial', K=0.0041/day; t o=-5,84; 1102 days) and females ('Saco da Mangueira', K=0.0040/day; t o=-6,22; 1153 days; 'Saco do Arraial', K=0.0039/day; t o=-5.91; 1181 days). Growth curves estimated in the present investigation indicate that the minimum legal size (120mm) is attained around the first year of life.

Utilizando o método de deslocamento modal para a identificação das idades, estimou-se o crescimento do siri-azul Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 em duas áreas de pesca no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos. Os indivíduos foram coletados entre fevereiro de 2005 e março de 2006 no Saco da Mangueira e Saco do Arraial por meio de arrasto de rede de portas da pesca artesanal. Coletou-se um total de 2.609 animais, sendo 1.193 machos e 1.416 fêmeas. Para obtenção das curvas de crescimento utilizou-se o modelo de von Bertalanffy. As curvas foram validadas pela sua adequação ao ciclo de vida e aspectos biológicos da espécie. O tamanho máximo de largura de carapaça (LCmáx) utilizado foi mantido fixo em todas as análises (LCmáx=162,71mm; ± d.p.=3,10 para machos e LCmáx=157,78mm; ± d.p.=5,45 para fêmeas), sendo esses valores médios das maiores medidas obtidas em mais de 20 anos de coletas no estuário. Os parâmetros de crescimento e longevidade foram estimados para machos (Saco da Mangueira, K=0,0039/dia; t o=-6.07; 1.195 dias; Saco do Arraial, K=0,0041/dia; t o=-5,84; 1.102 dias) e fêmeas (Saco da Mangueira, K=0,0040/dia; t o=-6,22; 1.153 dias; Saco do Arraial, K=0,0039/dia; t o=-5.91; 1.181 dias). As curvas de crescimento estimadas nesse trabalho denotam que a espécie atinge o tamanho mínimo de captura praticamente no primeiro ano de vida (120mm).

RESUMO

Using modal progression analysis for indirect age determination, growth of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 was estimated for two fishery areas of the Patos Lagoon. Individuals were sampled using a conventional gear of the artisanal fishery - trawl net - from February, 2005 to March, 2006 in 'Saco da Mangueira' and 'Saco do Arraial'. A total of 2,609 (1,194 males and 1,416 females) animals was caught. Growth curves were estimated using the von Bertalanffy growth model. Estimated growth curves were validated in the light of the life cycle and biological characteristics of the species. Asymptotic width (CWmax) was fixed in all analyses (162.71mm, ± s.d.=3.10 and 157.78mm, ± s.d.=5.45 for males and females respectively), as this value is an average of the maximum lengths of crabs caught in the estuary over a period of 20 years. Growth parameters and longevity were estimated for males ('Saco da Mangueira', K=0.0039/day; t o=-6.07; 1195 days; 'Saco do Arraial', K=0.0041/day; t o=-5,84; 1102 days) and females ('Saco da Mangueira', K=0.0040/day; t o=-6,22; 1153 days; 'Saco do Arraial', K=0.0039/day; t o=-5.91; 1181 days). Growth curves estimated in the present investigation indicate that the minimum legal size (120mm) is attained around the first year of life.

Utilizando o método de deslocamento modal para a identificação das idades, estimou-se o crescimento do siri-azul Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 em duas áreas de pesca no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos. Os indivíduos foram coletados entre fevereiro de 2005 e março de 2006 no Saco da Mangueira e Saco do Arraial por meio de arrasto de rede de portas da pesca artesanal. Coletou-se um total de 2.609 animais, sendo 1.193 machos e 1.416 fêmeas. Para obtenção das curvas de crescimento utilizou-se o modelo de von Bertalanffy. As curvas foram validadas pela sua adequação ao ciclo de vida e aspectos biológicos da espécie. O tamanho máximo de largura de carapaça (LCmáx) utilizado foi mantido fixo em todas as análises (LCmáx=162,71mm; ± d.p.=3,10 para machos e LCmáx=157,78mm; ± d.p.=5,45 para fêmeas), sendo esses valores médios das maiores medidas obtidas em mais de 20 anos de coletas no estuário. Os parâmetros de crescimento e longevidade foram estimados para machos (Saco da Mangueira, K=0,0039/dia; t o=-6.07; 1.195 dias; Saco do Arraial, K=0,0041/dia; t o=-5,84; 1.102 dias) e fêmeas (Saco da Mangueira, K=0,0040/dia; t o=-6,22; 1.153 dias; Saco do Arraial, K=0,0039/dia; t o=-5.91; 1.181 dias). As curvas de crescimento estimadas nesse trabalho denotam que a espécie atinge o tamanho mínimo de captura praticamente no primeiro ano de vida (120mm).

RESUMO

In order to determine temporal and spatial distribution patterns of Callinectes sapidus, samplings were carried out during the cold-front (January-February), dry (May-June) and rainy (August-September, 2002) climatic seasons, in 30 sampling stations of Chetumal Bay, grouped in sectors A (14 stations), B (eight stations) and C (eight stations). In each sampling station crabs were collected from two transects parallel to the coast, each with three traps, separated by 30 m. Sediments were calcareous coarse and medium sand, white or lightly gray. A total of 1 031 specimens were collected. CPEU (Capture Per Effort Unit) differed spatially and temporally. Highest CPEU was found in sector C with 1.3 ind.trap(-1), and in the rainy season with 1.1 ind.trap(-1). Population was predominantly composed of male individuals. The male:female ratio was 15:1. Males and adults (group II) CPEU was significant different between sectors and climatic seasons. Both males and adults (group II) had a greater CPEU in sector C (1.2 ind.trap-) and in the rainy season (1.1 ind.trap(-1)). Abundance of female and juvenile individuals (group I) was low during the sampling period whereas group 0 juvenile individuals were not found. A greater relative frequency between sectors and climatic seasons were observed in 130-139 mm and 140-149 mm size interval (CW). C. sapidus occurred on sandy sediments in Chetumal Bay. Pearson product moment correlations exhibited significant relationships between CPEU and temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen. In Chetumal Bay, the spatial and temporal distribution of C. sapidus can be related to salinity, temperature, habitat quality, food availability, recruitment and reproduction events of individuals.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The Southern Brazil blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1869 is the most abundant crab of the genus Callinectes in Patos Lagoon estuary. Although this species is widely distributed throughout the Patos Lagoon estuary area, there is little information about its natural diet. This species is an important predator and has a significant influence on its prey populations. The aim of this study was to check the natural diet of blue crab through the foregut contents analysis. Crabs were collected using an otter trawl net from March 2003 to March 2004. After collected, crabs were preserved immediately in 10% formaldehyde. The carapace width, weight and sex were measured for each individual. The foregut of each crab was removed and stored in 70% ethanol. Blue crab feeds on a wide variety of sessile and slow moving invertebrates. The main item was Detritus, followed by the suspension-feeder mollusk Erodona mactroides Bosc, 1802 (Erodonidae). Sand grains and the small crustaceans of class Ostracoda, were an important component of the foregut contents, but sand grains were not considered food. Setae and pieces of Polychaeta and some seeds of submersed higher vegetation of Ruppia maritima L. (Potamogatonaceae) (beaked tasselweed), and Zannichellia palustris L. (Potamogatonaceae) (homed pondweed), were also found. This study has as purpose to provide information for a long-term protection and conservation of blue crab population and also to characterize its relationship with the macrobenthic communities in the Patos Lagoon estuary.

Na região estuarina da Lagoa dos Patos, o siri-azul Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1869 é o mais abundante dentre as espécies do gênero. Apesar do siri-azul exercer influência sobre as comunidades bentônicas, por ser considerado um predador do topo da cadeia alimentar, não existem muitos estudos sobre aspectos ecológicos, inclusive sobre a composição e variabilidade sazonal de sua dieta natural, neste estuário. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi investigar a composição da dieta do siri-azul, evidenciando possíveis relações com a comunidade bentônica da região estuarina da Lagoa dos Patos. O período de estudo foi de março de 2003 a março de 2004, com coletas bimestrais. Os organismos foram coletados com auxílio de rede de arrasto de fundo, com malha de 13 mm entre nós opostos. Ainda em campo os animais foram fixados em formol 10%. Após a coleta os animais foram separados quanto ao sexo, medidos (largura e comprimento da carapaça - cm) e pesados (peso - g). Após a triagem, os animais foram dissecados e os intestinos retirados e pesados. As análises dos conteúdos alimentares dos siris demonstraram que os hábitos alimentares são diversificados, constituindo-se principalmente de invertebrados bentônicos. O item encontrado com maior freqüência foi Detrito, seguido pelo molusco filtrador Erodona mactroides Bosc, 1802 (Erodonidae). Crustáceos da classe Ostracoda e grãos de areia foram importantes componentes dos conteúdos dos intestinos anteriores, sendo que areia não foi considerada como item alimentar, propriamente dito. Também foram encontradas cerdas e mandíbulas de poliquetos, além de sementes das macrófitas Ruppia maritima L. (Potamogatonaceae) e Zannichellia palustris L. (Potamogatonaceae). Este estudo serve como subsídio para medidas de proteção e conservação da população do siri-azul, bem como caracteriza relações tróficas com comunidades bentônicas do estuário da Lagoa dos Patos.