RESUMO

Several species of the worldwide distributed genus Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy (Insecta, Diptera, Calliphoridae) are medically important vectors and agents of myiasis. Furthermore, these flies are relevant in forensics because they are found in corpses. Information regarding the taxonomy, bionomics and distribution of Calliphora species endemic to South America, including Calliphora lopesi Mello, is scarce. To expand knowledge on C. lopesi, this study presents descriptions of eggs, larvae, puparia and developmental data at 14, 17, 20, 23 and 26 ± 1°C for the first time. Adult flies were collected from the field and kept in the laboratory to obtain samples for morphological and biological studies. Immatures were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. To assess the growth rate, 10 specimens from each temperature group were randomly removed from the diet and weighed every 24 h from larval hatching until pupation. The minimum developmental threshold, thermal constant and linear development-rate equations were calculated for each stage. Considering weight gain records and survival rates, the optimum temperature for the development of C. lopesi ranges from 23 to 26°C. A key to third-instar larvae of known Neotropical species of Calliphora was also provided to assist in identification. The information provided in this study should be useful in expanding knowledge about Neotropical Calliphoridae species of forensic importance.

Várias espécies do gênero Calliphora Robineau­Desvoidy (Insecta, Diptera, Calliphoridae), distribuídas mundialmente, são vetores e agentes causadoras de miíases clinicamente importantes. Além disso, tais moscas são relevantes no âmbito forense porque são encontradas em cadáveres. Informações sobre a taxonomia, bionomia e distribuição de espécies de Calliphora endêmicas da América do Sul, incluindo Calliphora lopesi Mello, ainda são escassas. Para ampliar o conhecimento sobre a espécie C. lopesi, este estudo apresenta pela primeira vez as descrições de ovos, larvas e pupários, assim como dados sobre o desenvolvimento de imaturos a 14, 17, 20, 23 e 26 ± 1°C. Moscas adultas foram coletadas no campo e mantidas em laboratório para obtenção de amostras para estudos morfológicos e biológicos. Os imaturos foram examinados utilizando microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura. Para avaliar a taxa de crescimento, 10 espécimes de cada grupo de temperatura foram retirados aleatoriamente do substrato em que se alimentavam e pesados a cada 24 horas, desde a eclosão das larvas até a pupariação. O limiar mínimo de desenvolvimento, a constante térmica e as equações lineares da taxa de desenvolvimento foram calculados para cada estágio. Levando em consideração os registros de ganho de peso e taxas de sobrevivência, a temperatura ótima para o desenvolvimento de C. lopesi varia de 23 a 26°C. Uma chave para larvas de terceiro estádio de espécies neotropicais conhecidas de Calliphora também está sendo disponibilizada para auxiliar na identificação. Espera­se que as informações fornecidas neste estudo possam ser úteis para ampliar o conhecimento sobre espécies Neotropicais de Calliphoridae de importância forense.

RESUMO

Flies of the family Calliphoridae, commonly called blow flies, are important in the decomposition process. Knowledge on their succession pattern on corpses, species identification and the duration of their life cycle stages can be useful in forensic investigations especially when estimating the post-mortem interval. We performed linear-based morphometrics on the cephalopharyngeal skeleton of four blow fly species found in Jamaica to distinguish species and determine larval development stage. We collected eggs from pigs' heads used as bait in the field and conducted rearing exercises in the laboratory. We used the internal skeletonized structure, the cephalopharyngeal skeleton, to develop a practical and efficient method for species identification. For the first instar, we found species can be differentiated using all the measurements analysed in the study. We found that the mouth hook length may be useful in distinguishing larvae in the second instar. For the larvae in the third instar, the whole length of the skeleton, from mouth hook to length of the dorsal cornue, may be useful for separating species. We provide information on the cephalopharyngeal skeleton of Lucilia lucigerens (James), a blow fly species endemic to Jamaica, for the first time. Our work provides relevant information that could be utilized for species identification and life stage determination if fly evidence is to be incorporated in forensic investigations in Jamaica.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The determination of necrophagous fly specie's development time is considered an accurate method for estimating postmortem interval (PMI). However, pesticides and other chemicals can alter the flies' life cycle, inducing errors in PMI estimation. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of Terbufos (Organophosphates) on the temporal dispersion pattern and development of immature dipterans associated with decaying rat carcasses. For this, 150 g female Wistar rats received, via gavage, 200 µl of Terbufos (5 or 10 mg/kg) or distilled water (control) and, after 30 min of administration, the animals were euthanized and distributed in suspended traps to decompose under environmental conditions. The dispersing immatures were collected daily, and their development time was monitored until the emergence of adult flies. After data analysis, it was observed that Terbufos altered 1) the temporal pattern of larval dispersion; 2) the composition and structure of the colonizing assemblage (emerged adults); 3) species' development time, accelerating or delaying their cycle, depending on the dose used; and 4) the califorids and sarcophagids emergence rate, increasing the mortality of pupae from intoxicated carcasses. Thus, this work demonstrates experimentally that Terbufos directly influences the development of flies with forensic potential and discusses the implications for PMI estimation, which can assist in future investigative processes with suspected poisoning by this organophosphate.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study determined the spatial and temporal dynamics of two native neotropical species flies of forensic interest, belonging to the Lucilia (Robineau-Desvoidy) genus. The study focused on their abundance and reproductive behaviors associated with different habitats and phenological parameters. In the Province of Salta, Argentina, monthly samplings were performed over 1 yr in urban, rural, and native habitats, at morning, mid-day, and afternoon periods, controlling the oviposition of captured specimens. Environmental variables were also assessed: cloudiness, precipitation, relative humidity, temperature, and tree cover. Lucilia purpurascens (Walker) appeared to be associated with native habitats, whereas Lucilia ochricornis (Wiedemann) was mainly associated with rural habitats, exhibiting distinct habitat preferences. Two ecotones were also identified: rural-urban and rural-native, suggesting rural habitats promoted habitable conditions at its margins. Both species were recorded at the end of winter to the middle of autumn, with an initial peak in early spring, and a second peak at late summer. These peaks were associated with the highest numbers of laid eggs. Lucilia purpurascens preferred high tree coverings, whereas L. ochricornis resisted areas with intermediate sun, suggesting limited sun exposure was important. The latter was also associated with daily flight activities; during the warm season, the densest catches occurred at morning and afternoon periods, whereas during the cold season, they occurred at mid-day. Climatic variables explained 77% of variability in terms of abundance and oviposition. Synergistic effects were observed between these variables, suggesting that these variables conditioned insect distribution and reproduction, and not just temperature per se.

Assuntos

RESUMO

As espécies do gênero Chrysomya (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Diptera: Calliphoridae, são conhecidas vulgarmente como moscas-varejeiras. Elas são importantes do ponto de vista epidemiológico, como vetores de microorganismos, porém desempenham papéis fundamentais para os processos ecológico e de importância forense. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a abundância e flutuação populacional do gênero Chrysomya durante as fases de decomposição da carcaça de Sus scrofa em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no Extremo Sul da Bahia. Utilizou-se um pernil de porco com aproximadamente 3 kg alocado na armadilha do tipo Shannon modificada. Foram realizadas nove coletas, distribuídas em quatro fases (fresca, gasosa, coliquativa e esquelética) de decomposição da carcaça de outubro a novembro de 2015. Foram identificadas 1299 moscas pertencentes a quatro espécies da família Calliphoridae: Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann, 1830), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) e Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775). O genêro Chrysomya foi mais abundante na fase gasosa. C. albiceps foi a espécie mais abundante, frequente e considerada dominante, apresentando correlação positiva com a quantidade de massa de putrilagem e negativa com presença de esqueleto na carcaça. As abundâncias das espécies C. megacephala e C. putoria não tiveram correlação com nenhum dos fatores analisados, com exceção da massa de putrilagem, que teve uma correlação positiva com C. putoria. Portanto, C. albiceps foi a espécie mais representativa e esteve presente ao longo de praticamente todo o processo de decomposição. De modo geral, o estágio de decomposição mais atrativo para as espécies deste gênero de Diptera foi o gasoso. Em contraposição, no estágio de esqueletização não houve a presença das mesmas...

The species of the genus Chrysomya (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Diptera: Calliphoridae are commonly known as blow flies. They are important from the epidemiological point of view, as vectors of microorganisms, but they play key roles in ecological and forensic processes. Thus, the objective was to know the abundance and population fluctuation of the genus Chrysomya during the stages of decomposition of the carcass of Sus scrofa in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in the Extreme South of Bahia. A pork shank of approximately 3 kg was allocated to a modified Shannon-type trap. Nine samples were collected, distributed in four phases (fresh, gaseous, coliquative and skeletal) of decay of the carcass from October to November of 2015. A total of 1299 flies were identified from four species of the Calliphoridae family: Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann, 1830), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) e Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775). The genus Chrysomya was more abundant in the gas phase. C. albiceps was the most abundant species, frequent and considered dominant. It had a positive correlation with the amount of putrid mass, and a negative correlation with presence of skeleton in the carcass. C. megacephala and C. putoria had no correlation with any of the factors analyzed, except for the amount of putrid mass, that had a positive correlation with this last species. Therefore, C. albiceps was the most representative species and was present throughout almost the entire decomposition process. It also points out that the gaseous was the most attractive decomposition stage for the species of this genus of Diptera. In contrast, in the skeletonization stage these species were absent. In addition, it was evidenced that the internal temperature and the internal humidity had little influence to attract the Chrysomia, being the putrid mass an important factor to attract two of the three species of the genus analyzed in this work.

Assuntos

RESUMO

As espécies do gênero Chrysomya (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Diptera: Calliphoridae, são conhecidas vulgarmente como moscas-varejeiras. Elas são importantes do ponto de vista epidemiológico, como vetores de microorganismos, porém desempenham papéis fundamentais para os processos ecológico e de importância forense. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a abundância e flutuação populacional do gênero Chrysomya durante as fases de decomposição da carcaça de Sus scrofa em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no Extremo Sul da Bahia. Utilizou-se um pernil de porco com aproximadamente 3 kg alocado na armadilha do tipo Shannon modificada. Foram realizadas nove coletas, distribuídas em quatro fases (fresca, gasosa, coliquativa e esquelética) de decomposição da carcaça de outubro a novembro de 2015. Foram identificadas 1299 moscas pertencentes a quatro espécies da família Calliphoridae: Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann, 1830), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) e Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775). O genêro Chrysomya foi mais abundante na fase gasosa. C. albiceps foi a espécie mais abundante, frequente e considerada dominante, apresentando correlação positiva com a quantidade de massa de putrilagem e negativa com presença de esqueleto na carcaça. As abundâncias das espécies C. megacephala e C. putoria não tiveram correlação com nenhum dos fatores analisados, com exceção da massa de putrilagem, que teve uma correlação positiva com C. putoria. Portanto, C. albiceps foi a espécie mais representativa e esteve presente ao longo de praticamente todo o processo de decomposição. De modo geral, o estágio de decomposição mais atrativo para as espécies deste gênero de Diptera foi o gasoso. Em contraposição, no estágio de esqueletização não houve a presença das mesmas...(AU)

The species of the genus Chrysomya (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Diptera: Calliphoridae are commonly known as blow flies. They are important from the epidemiological point of view, as vectors of microorganisms, but they play key roles in ecological and forensic processes. Thus, the objective was to know the abundance and population fluctuation of the genus Chrysomya during the stages of decomposition of the carcass of Sus scrofa in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in the Extreme South of Bahia. A pork shank of approximately 3 kg was allocated to a modified Shannon-type trap. Nine samples were collected, distributed in four phases (fresh, gaseous, coliquative and skeletal) of decay of the carcass from October to November of 2015. A total of 1299 flies were identified from four species of the Calliphoridae family: Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann, 1830), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) e Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775). The genus Chrysomya was more abundant in the gas phase. C. albiceps was the most abundant species, frequent and considered dominant. It had a positive correlation with the amount of putrid mass, and a negative correlation with presence of skeleton in the carcass. C. megacephala and C. putoria had no correlation with any of the factors analyzed, except for the amount of putrid mass, that had a positive correlation with this last species. Therefore, C. albiceps was the most representative species and was present throughout almost the entire decomposition process. It also points out that the gaseous was the most attractive decomposition stage for the species of this genus of Diptera. In contrast, in the skeletonization stage these species were absent. In addition, it was evidenced that the internal temperature and the internal humidity had little influence to attract the Chrysomia, being the putrid mass an important factor to attract two of the three species of the genus analyzed in this work.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The harsh conditions of the Brazilian seasonally dry tropical forest known as Caatinga pose challenges to the insects specialized in the exploitation of ephemeral resources. We investigated the diversity and daily flight activity of dipterans associated with decomposing rat carcasses in a field experiment performed in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco State, Brazil. We also analyzed the temporal arrival of adult insects on the carcasses at three stages of decomposition: early, intermediate, and advanced. We collected 1173 individuals, of which Muscidae had the highest abundance (36.5%), followed by Sarcophagidae (28.1%), Calliphoridae (25.2%), and Fanniidae (10.2%). Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) (Calliphoridae), Fannia pusio (Wiedemann, 1830) (Fanniidae), Atherigona orientalis (Schiner, 1868), and Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758) (Muscidae) were the most abundant species. The richness reached its maximum value on the second day of decomposition, with 18 species, decreasing to 8 species on the last day of decomposition (7 days). The ecological indices of diversity, dominance, and evenness varied little among the stages. There was an overlap of most species throughout the decomposition, although the overall abundance was higher at the intermediate stage for Calliphoridae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagidae. In accordance to previous studies, nocturnal flight was rare, as approximately 8% of insects were captured at night. Our results expand the knowledge on ecological and behavioral aspects of necrophagous flies under inhospitable environments, such as the dry season in the Caatinga. The dominance of the invasive species C. albiceps reinforced here illustrates its geographical expansion towards the countryside of Northeastern Brazil.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In this paper it is provided a checklist of the Calliphoridae species registered in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Calliphoridae is represented by 13 species distributed in seven genera: Chloroprocta Wulp (1), Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy (3), Cochliomyia Townsend (2), Hemilucilia Brauer (2), Paralucilia Brauer & Bergenstamm (1), Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy (2), and Mesembrinella Giglio-Tos (2).(AU)

Neste trabalho é apresentada uma lista de espécies de Calliphoridae registradas no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Calliphoridae é representada por 13 espécies distribuídas em sete gêneros: Chloroprocta Wulp (1), Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy (3), Cochliomyia Townsend (2), Hemilucilia Brauer (2), Paralucilia Brauer & Bergenstamm (1), Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy (2) e Mesembrinella Giglio-Tos (2).(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT In this paper it is provided a checklist of the Calliphoridae species registered in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Calliphoridae is represented by 13 species distributed in seven genera: Chloroprocta Wulp (1), Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy (3), Cochliomyia Townsend (2), Hemilucilia Brauer (2), Paralucilia Brauer & Bergenstamm (1), Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy (2), and Mesembrinella Giglio-Tos (2).

RESUMO Neste trabalho é apresentada uma lista de espécies de Calliphoridae registradas no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Calliphoridae é representada por 13 espécies distribuídas em sete gêneros: Chloroprocta Wulp (1), Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy (3), Cochliomyia Townsend (2), Hemilucilia Brauer (2), Paralucilia Brauer & Bergenstamm (1), Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy (2) e Mesembrinella Giglio-Tos (2).

RESUMO

In this paper it is provided a checklist of the Calliphoridae species registered in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Calliphoridae is represented by 13 species distributed in seven genera: Chloroprocta Wulp (1), Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy (3), Cochliomyia Townsend (2), Hemilucilia Brauer (2), Paralucilia Brauer & Bergenstamm (1), Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy (2), and Mesembrinella Giglio-Tos (2).

Neste trabalho é apresentada uma lista de espécies de Calliphoridae registradas no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Calliphoridae é representada por 13 espécies distribuídas em sete gêneros: Chloroprocta Wulp (1), Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy (3), Cochliomyia Townsend (2), Hemilucilia Brauer (2), Paralucilia Brauer & Bergenstamm (1), Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy (2) e Mesembrinella Giglio-Tos (2).

Assuntos

RESUMO

Islands act as natural laboratories for ecological studies to explain bioinvasion processes and, in this scenario, necrophagous Diptera have never been used as model organisms. This study aimed to (i) describe assemblages of necrophagous Diptera (Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae) in two insular environments of different origins and distances from mainland, (ii) investigate the effect of anthropogenic impact on the assemblage of carrion flies, (iii) to quantify the establishment of invasive species in the two islands, and (iv) to infer about the conservation status of the islands based on the ecological parameters. Sampling was performed in 2011-2012, in the dry and rainy season. Insects were collected by using traps with chicken liver or sardine baits. In each island, environments exposed to different degrees of human impact were sampled. Ecological analyses were carried out to characterize the assemblages of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae, with emphasis on the relation between native and invasive species. In total, 99,862 adults of 21 species of blow flies and flesh flies were collected. Overall abundance in the oceanic island was higher than in the continental island, although the richness of species was higher in the latter. The type of bait did not influence diversity of species sampled in either island. No difference was observed in total richness of both families according to the gradient of anthropogenic impact, in both islands. The invasive species Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) was classified as dominant in all environments, irrespective of the anthropogenic impact, which raises concern about the conservation status of each island.

Assuntos

RESUMO

El uso de moscas y otros artrópodos como evidencia para calcular la data de muerte de un cuerpo en estado avanzado de putrefacción, se conoce como entomología forense, una disciplina auxiliar de las ciencias forenses. La presencia de larvas sobre el cuerpo humano sin vida, permite al entomólogo forense apoyar al patólogo, estableciendo los márgenes mínimo de tiempo de muerte transcurridos desde la llegada de los insectos al cuerpo hasta el momento del hallazgo. En este estudio, se presenta un listado de dípteros de importancia médico legal colectadas en las adyacencias de la morgue del Hospital Adolfo Prince Lara, municipio Puerto Cabello. En los meses enero-marzo 2012 se realizaron tres colectas, una por mes. Las moscas se capturaron con el uso de una malla entomológica utilizando como cebo 500 g de hígado de res en estado cromático de descomposición. En cada colecta se tomaron datos de temperatura y humedad relativa (promedio = 30ºC y 48%, respectivamente). Se recolectaron un total de 257 individuos correspondientes a las familias Piophilidae (1,1%), Sarcophagidae (4,1%), Phoridae (10,2%), Muscidae (32,3%) y Calliphoridae (52,3%).Sin embargo, la especie más representativa durante el muestreo en las adyacencias del hospital fue L. cuprina, seguida de C. megacephala.

The use of flies and other arthropods as evidence to estimate the time of death of a body in an advanced state of putrefaction, known as forensic entomology, an auxiliary discipline of forensic science. The presence of larvae on the human body lifeless, allows the forensic entomologist support the pathologist, establishing minimum time frames death since the arrival of the insects to the body until the moment of discovery. In this study, a list of Diptera of forensic importance collected in the vicinity of the hospital Adolfo Prince Lara, Puerto Cabello morgue are presented. In the months January to March 2012 were made three collections, one per month. Using 500 g of beef liver decomposed (in chromatics stage) the flies were taken temperature and relative humidity (mean = 30 and 48%, respectively). A total of 257 individuals corresponding to families Piophilidae (1.1%), Sarcophagidae (4.1%), Phoridae (10.2%), Muscidae (32.3%) and Calliphoridae (52.3%). However, the most representative species during sampling in the vicinity of the was L. cuprina, followed by C. megacephala.

RESUMO

O intervalo pós-morte (IPM) é um instrumento importante de diagnóstico relacionado à prática forense. O uso de insetos tem sido relatado como um modo eficiente para estimá-lo, quando o cadáver encontra-se em estágio avançado de decomposição. Objetivou-se com este trabalho estimar o IPM com base em evidências entomológicas em um canino. Foram coletadas larvas de moscas no cadáver e encaminhadas ao laboratório de entomologia, onde foram criadas e eclodiram adultos da espécie Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819). Somando-se os dados abióticos de temperatura e umidade relativa do local de coleta e do local de criação, estimou-se um IPM mínimo de 3,34 dias do momento da postura dos ovos pelas moscas até a coleta das larvas. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a entomologia forense, como ferramenta para estimativa do IPM, mostrou-se eficaz e determinante na elucidação do caso em questão.

The postmortem interval (PMI) is an important tool for diagnosis related to the forensic practice. The use of insects has proved to be an efficient diagnosis tool when the cadaver is in advanced decomposition stage. The objective of this work was to estimate PMI based on entomological evidence in a canine. Fly larvae was collected from the cadaver and forwarded to the Entomology laboratory. The fly larvae were reared and hatched adults of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann 1819). With these insects and the abiotic data of temperature and relative humidity, from the places of collection and rearing larvae, a minimum PMI of 3.34 days from the laying of eggs by the flies until the time that we collected the larvae was obtained. The results show that Forensic Entomology as tool to estimate PMI is decisive and effective in the elucidation of the case.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O intervalo pós-morte (IPM) é um instrumento importante de diagnóstico relacionado à prática forense. O uso de insetos tem sido relatado como um modo eficiente para estimá-lo, quando o cadáver encontra-se em estágio avançado de decomposição. Objetivou-se com este trabalho estimar o IPM com base em evidências entomológicas em um canino. Foram coletadas larvas de moscas no cadáver e encaminhadas ao laboratório de entomologia, onde foram criadas e eclodiram adultos da espécie Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819). Somando-se os dados abióticos de temperatura e umidade relativa do local de coleta e do local de criação, estimou-se um IPM mínimo de 3,34 dias do momento da postura dos ovos pelas moscas até a coleta das larvas. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a entomologia forense, como ferramenta para estimativa do IPM, mostrou-se eficaz e determinante na elucidação do caso em questão.(AU)

The postmortem interval (PMI) is an important tool for diagnosis related to the forensic practice. The use of insects has proved to be an efficient diagnosis tool when the cadaver is in advanced decomposition stage. The objective of this work was to estimate PMI based on entomological evidence in a canine. Fly larvae was collected from the cadaver and forwarded to the Entomology laboratory. The fly larvae were reared and hatched adults of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann 1819). With these insects and the abiotic data of temperature and relative humidity, from the places of collection and rearing larvae, a minimum PMI of 3.34 days from the laying of eggs by the flies until the time that we collected the larvae was obtained. The results show that Forensic Entomology as tool to estimate PMI is decisive and effective in the elucidation of the case.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The blowfly species are important components in necrophagous communities of the Neotropics. Besides being involved in the degradation of animal organic matter, they may serve as vectors for pathogens and parasites, and also cause primary and secondary myiasis. The occurrence pattern of these species is well defined, yet it is still not very clear which of these environmental factors determine the structure of the assemblies. This paper was developed to evaluate the influence of mean temperature and relative humidity variation in the abundance and richness of blowflies in the Brazilian southernmost state, Rio Grande do Sul, where temperature variation is well marked throughout the year. To evaluate this objective, WOT (Wind Oriented Trap) were installed with beef liver as bait in three environments for 10 consecutive days in each month between July 2003 and June 2004. A total of 13,860 flies were collected distributed among 16 species with a higher frequency of Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819) and Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819). The mean temperature and relative humidity influence the richness of blowflies, with greater richness and abundance in late spring and early summer, whereas abundance was only influenced by temperature. Each species responded differently with respect to these variables, where L. eximia is not influenced by any of the two abiotic factors, despite the high abundance presented. This paper presents the results of the sensitivity for the presence or absence of species of Calliphoridae and on the variation of the abundance of these species under regime temperature changes and relative humidity with implications for public health and animal management.(AU)

As espécies de Calliphoridae são importantes componentes das comunidades de necrófagos na Região Neotropical. Além de estarem envolvidas na degradação da matéria orgânica animal podem também veicular diversos patógenos e parasitos, bem como causar míiases primária e secundária. O padrão de ocorrência destas espécies está bem definido, mas ainda não se tem muito claramente quais fatores ambientais determinam a estrutura destas assembleias. Desenvolvemos este trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da temperatura média e umidade relativa do ar na variação da abundância e riqueza de espécies de califorídeos no sul do Rio Grande do Sul, onde a variação da temperatura é bem demarcada ao longo do ano. Para avaliar este objetivo, foram instaladas armadilhas WOT (Wind Oriented Trap) com fígado bovino como isca em três ambientes por 10 dias seguidos em cada mês, entre julho de 2003 e junho de 2004. Foram coletados 13.860 dípteros distribuídos entre 16 espécies com maior abundância de Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819) e Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819). A temperatura média e a umidade relativa influenciaram a variação da riqueza de espécies de califorídeos, com maior riqueza e abundância no final da primavera e inicio do verão, sendo que a abundância foi influenciada apenas pela temperatura. Cada espécie reagiu diferentemente com relação a estas variáveis, com L. eximia não sendo influenciada por nenhuma das duas, apesar da alta abundância apresentada. Este trabalho, apresenta resultados sobre a sensibilidade quanto à presença ou ausência das espécies de califorídeos e sobre a variação da abundância destas espécies sob um regime de alteração da temperatura e umidade relativa do ar com implicações para a saúde pública e manejo animal.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The blowfly species are important components in necrophagous communities of the Neotropics. Besides being involved in the degradation of animal organic matter, they may serve as vectors for pathogens and parasites, and also cause primary and secondary myiasis. The occurrence pattern of these species is well defined, yet it is still not very clear which of these environmental factors determine the structure of the assemblies. This paper was developed to evaluate the influence of mean temperature and relative humidity variation in the abundance and richness of blowflies in the Brazilian southernmost state, Rio Grande do Sul, where temperature variation is well marked throughout the year. To evaluate this objective, WOT (Wind Oriented Trap) were installed with beef liver as bait in three environments for 10 consecutive days in each month between July 2003 and June 2004. A total of 13,860 flies were collected distributed among 16 species with a higher frequency of Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819) and Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819). The mean temperature and relative humidity influence the richness of blowflies, with greater richness and abundance in late spring and early summer, whereas abundance was only influenced by temperature. Each species responded differently with respect to these variables, where L. eximia is not influenced by any of the two abiotic factors, despite the high abundance presented. This paper presents the results of the sensitivity for the presence or absence of species of Calliphoridae and on the variation of the abundance of these species under regime temperature changes and relative humidity with implications for public health and animal management.

As espécies de Calliphoridae são importantes componentes das comunidades de necrófagos na Região Neotropical. Além de estarem envolvidas na degradação da matéria orgânica animal podem também veicular diversos patógenos e parasitos, bem como causar míiases primária e secundária. O padrão de ocorrência destas espécies está bem definido, mas ainda não se tem muito claramente quais fatores ambientais determinam a estrutura destas assembleias. Desenvolvemos este trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da temperatura média e umidade relativa do ar na variação da abundância e riqueza de espécies de califorídeos no sul do Rio Grande do Sul, onde a variação da temperatura é bem demarcada ao longo do ano. Para avaliar este objetivo, foram instaladas armadilhas WOT (Wind Oriented Trap) com fígado bovino como isca em três ambientes por 10 dias seguidos em cada mês, entre julho de 2003 e junho de 2004. Foram coletados 13.860 dípteros distribuídos entre 16 espécies com maior abundância de Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819) e Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819). A temperatura média e a umidade relativa influenciaram a variação da riqueza de espécies de califorídeos, com maior riqueza e abundância no final da primavera e inicio do verão, sendo que a abundância foi influenciada apenas pela temperatura. Cada espécie reagiu diferentemente com relação a estas variáveis, com L. eximia não sendo influenciada por nenhuma das duas, apesar da alta abundância apresentada. Este trabalho, apresenta resultados sobre a sensibilidade quanto à presença ou ausência das espécies de califorídeos e sobre a variação da abundância destas espécies sob um regime de alteração da temperatura e umidade relativa do ar com implicações para a saúde pública e manejo animal.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A diversidade e abundância de dípteros califorídeos de três ambientes (clareira artificial, clareira natural e mata) de Porto Urucu/AM foram avaliadas em coletas anuais realizadas em 2004, 2005 e 2006. Ao longo destes três anos foram coletados 2.121 exemplares pertencentes a 14 espécies. As espécies mais abundantes foram Chloroprocta idioidea (Robineau- Desvoidy), Eumesembrinella randa (Walker) e Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani). Os habitats de matas e clareiras naturais apresentaram maior abundância de califorídeos quando comparados às clareiras artificiais, com índices de diversidade e equitabilidade também maiores do que em clareiras artificiais, onde a dominância foi mais elevada.

The diversity and abundance of blow flies in three environments (anthropic gaps, tree-fall gaps, and primary "terra firme" forest) of Porto Urucu/AM were evaluated in annual collects realized in 2004, 2005, and 2006. During these three years were collected 2,121 specimens belonging to 14 species. The most abundant species were Chloroprocta idioidea (Robineau- Desvoidy), Eumesembrinella randa (Walker), and Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani). Primary forests and tree-fall gaps enviroments, showed higher blow flies abundance than anthropic gaps, with diversity and equitability index higher than anthropic gaps, when the dominance value was high.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Morphology and duration of the post-embryonary development of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in laboratory conditions. The morphology and developmental time of the post-embryonic stage of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) reared in laboratory on a beef diet, is described and compared to those of other blow-flies species. The parameters analyzed were the duration of the larval stages and the morphology. Larvae were fixed and preserved at 2 hours intervals, from larval eclosion until the 50th hour of life, in order to determine the duration of each stage. The total period of larval development in C. megacephala was 98 hours and their mean length was 15.51 mm. This species presents a necrobiontophagous behavior and has sanitary and medico-legal importance, being used for estimating postmortem interval in criminal investigations.

A morfologia e o tempo de desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) criada em condições de laboratório e em dieta de carne bovina, foi descrita e comparada ao de outras espécies. Os parâmetros analisados foram à duração dos instares larvais e a morfologia. Para isso as larvas foram fixadas e preservadas em intervalos de tempo de 2 horas, desde a eclosão das larvas até a 50ª hora, a fim de se determinar o tempo de desenvolvimento de cada estágio. O tempo total de desenvolvimento larval para C. megacephala foi de 98 horas, com média de comprimento 15,51 mm. Essa espécie tem comportamento necrobiontófago e de importância sanitária e médico-legal, usada na estimativa do intervalo post-mortem em investigação criminal.

RESUMO

Morphology and duration of the post-embryonary development of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in laboratory conditions. The morphology and developmental time of the post-embryonic stage of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) reared in laboratory on a beef diet, is described and compared to those of other blow-flies species. The parameters analyzed were the duration of the larval stages and the morphology. Larvae were fixed and preserved at 2 hours intervals, from larval eclosion until the 50th hour of life, in order to determine the duration of each stage. The total period of larval development in C. megacephala was 98 hours and their mean length was 15.51 mm. This species presents a necrobiontophagous behavior and has sanitary and medico-legal importance, being used for estimating postmortem interval in criminal investigations.

A morfologia e o tempo de desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) criada em condições de laboratório e em dieta de carne bovina, foi descrita e comparada ao de outras espécies. Os parâmetros analisados foram à duração dos instares larvais e a morfologia. Para isso as larvas foram fixadas e preservadas em intervalos de tempo de 2 horas, desde a eclosão das larvas até a 50ª hora, a fim de se determinar o tempo de desenvolvimento de cada estágio. O tempo total de desenvolvimento larval para C. megacephala foi de 98 horas, com média de comprimento 15,51 mm. Essa espécie tem comportamento necrobiontófago e de importância sanitária e médico-legal, usada na estimativa do intervalo post-mortem em investigação criminal.

RESUMO

The diversity and abundance of blow flies in three environments (anthropic gaps, tree-fall gaps, and primary "terra firme" forest) of Porto Urucu/AM were evaluated in annual collects realized in 2004, 2005, and 2006. During these three years were collected 2,121 specimens belonging to 14 species. The most abundant species were Chloroprocta idioidea (Robineau- Desvoidy), Eumesembrinella randa (Walker), and Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani). Primary forests and tree-fall gaps enviroments, showed higher blow flies abundance than anthropic gaps, with diversity and equitability index higher than anthropic gaps, when the dominance value was high.

A diversidade e abundância de dípteros califorídeos de três ambientes (clareira artificial, clareira natural e mata) de Porto Urucu/AM foram avaliadas em coletas anuais realizadas em 2004, 2005 e 2006. Ao longo destes três anos foram coletados 2.121 exemplares pertencentes a 14 espécies. As espécies mais abundantes foram Chloroprocta idioidea (Robineau- Desvoidy), Eumesembrinella randa (Walker) e Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani). Os habitats de matas e clareiras naturais apresentaram maior abundância de califorídeos quando comparados às clareiras artificiais, com índices de diversidade e equitabilidade também maiores do que em clareiras artificiais, onde a dominância foi mais elevada.