RESUMO
The storage lesions and the irradiation of blood cellular components for medical procedures in blood banks are events that may induce nanochanges in the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs). Alterations, such as the formation of pores and vesicles, reduce flexibility and compromise the overall erythrocyte integrity. This review discusses the alterations on erythrocytic lipid membrane bilayer through their characterization by confocal scanning microscopy, Raman, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy techniques. The interrelated experimental results may address and shed light on the correlation of biomechanical and biochemical transformations induced in the membrane and cytoskeleton of stored and gamma-irradiated RBC. To highlight the main advantages of combining these experimental techniques simultaneously or sequentially, we discuss how those outcomes observed at micro- and nanoscale cell levels are useful as biomarkers of cell aging and storage damage.
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The donation of umbilical cord blood (UCB) to public banks is essential to increase the probability of finding compatible donors for hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Brazil is currently the third-largest country in number of registered bone marrow donors, but it is far behind in terms of UCB donation. Thus, this questionnaire-based study aimed to assess Brazilian pregnant women's awareness, knowledge, beliefs, and opinions about UCB banking in order to identify the causes of low donation rates. Sixty-one percent of the responders were aware of UCB banking, but 86.9% of those declared to know little or very little about it. Only 14% of pregnant women were asked whether they would like to store or donate UCB. Just 13% have made a decision, and more than half decided not to donate or store it, with the leading cause being lack of knowledge. Finally, 94% of the responders believe that women should be told about UCB banking by their doctor before the last trimester of pregnancy. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Brazilian pregnant women have insufficient knowledge about UCB banking, which affects their decision regarding UCB donation, and they wish to be better informed about it by health professionals.
Assuntos
Sangue Fetal , Gestantes , Bancos de Sangue , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Doadores de TecidosRESUMO
Leukoreduction (LR) is a technique that consists of reducing the number of leukocytes in whole blood or blood components that can contribute to decreasing storage lesions and the occurrence of post-transfusion complications. We propose that using a blood bag with pre-storage leukocyte filtration is sufficient for blood conservation under field conditions. Ten healthy Nelore cows were used. Whole blood was sampled from each animal and stored at 2 to 6 °C in CPD/SAG-M (citrate phosphate dextrose bag with a saline, adenine, glucose, mannitol satellite bag) triple bags (Control) and in CPD/SAG-M quadruple bags with a leukocyte filter (Filter). At baseline and after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days (D0, D7, D14, D21, D28, D35, and D42, respectively), complete hematological, blood gas, and biochemical evaluations were determined. The filtered bag removed 99.3% of white blood cells from cattle blood, and the entire filtration process was performed in the field. There was a reduction in the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in both groups from D14 onward, with a decrease of 19.7% and 17.1% at D42 for the Control and Filter bags, respectively. The hemoglobin (Hb) concentration had variation in both groups. Potassium, pO2, pCO2, and sO2 increased, and sodium, bicarbonate, and pH decreased during storage. The filtered bag was efficient in removing white cells from cattle whole blood and could be used under field conditions. Blood stored after LR showed differences (p < 0.05) in blood gas analysis towards a better quality of stored blood (e.g., higher pH, lower pCO2, higher sO2). Further experimental studies are required to prove that blood without white cells results in a decrease in transfusion reactions in cattle.
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Objective: assess the effect of blood storage in gasometric values of arterial blood samples of rabbits submitted to controlled hemorrhagic shock. Method: fourteen male California rabbits were used for the present study, weighting 2000-2500 grams. Each animal was submitted to catheterization of right carotid artery, with posterior placement of a polyethylene catheter. It was obtained 1 ml of arterial blood from each rabbit and analyzed in three different periods: T0 immediately; T30 30 minutes after withdrawal; T60 60 minutes after withdrawal. The samples were kept in thermal insulating recipient, between 2-6ºC. Values of pH, PaCO2, PaO2, SatO2, HCO3, SBE, sodium, potassium and glycemic concentrations were compared. Results: the variation of obtained means related to pH, PaCO2, SatO2, HCO3, SBE, sodium, potassium and glycemic concentrations didnt have statistically significant difference (p<0,05), demonstrating that the storage was efficient for these parameters, but there was variation in PaO2 when compared T0 to T60 (p=0,04). Conclusion: storage for 30 and 60 minutes didnt present statistically significant difference, except for PaO2 after 60 minutes.
Objetivo: analisar o efeito da estocagem sanguínea na análise gasométrica de sangue arterial de coelhos. Método: foram utilizados 14 coelhos California adultos, machos, com peso compreendido entre 2000 a 2500 gramas. Cada animal foi submetido à cateterização da artéria carótida para posterior obtenção de amostra sangüínea. Foi colhido, em seringas plásticas, 1 ml de sangue total de cada coelho e dosado em três tempos distintos: T0 amostra no tempo considerado zero; T30 amostra no tempo 30 minutos; T60 amostra no tempo 60 minutos As amostras foram estocadas em recipiente isolante térmico, com temperatura mantida entre 2-6 ºC. Foram comparados os valores de pH, PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3, SatO2, SBE, concentrações de Na+ e K+ e glicemia. Resultados: a variação das médias obtidas em relação ao pH, PaCO2, SatO2,HCO3, SBE, concentrações de Na+ e K+ e glicemia não alcançou significância estatística (p>0,05), demonstrando que a estocagem foi eficaz para esses parâmetros, no entanto na PaO2 houve variação do grupo T60 para o grupo T0, com p = 0.04. Conclusão: a estocagem por 30 e 60 minutos não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante, exceto a PaO2 após 60 minutos.