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Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late-onset inherited skeletal myopathy. The diagnosis is based on a clinical presentation of blepharoptosis, dysphagia, and a positive family history of the disease in patients past 40 years of age. A 57-year-old male patient presented with ptosis without lid crease, adult-onset dysphagia, and bilateral pseudophakia. The patient underwent ptosis repair of upper eyelids via frontalis slings with silicone rods. His mother was subsequently found to have ptosis, dry eyes, and anorexia due to dysphagia, thus suggesting a probable family history. Based on the comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation, and based on his ptosis, dysphagia, and family history, the patient was diagnosed with OPMD.

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PURPOSE: To analyze the upper eyelid contour after Müller's muscle conjunctiva resection (MMCR) performed by four different surgeons. METHODS: Comparative cross-sectional analysis of the pre- and postoperative contours of a control group and four groups of upper lids (n = 88) of 65 patients who underwent MMCR at four international centers. The procedure employed was essentially the same as described by Putterman but performed with different instruments to entrap the posterior lamella. Multiple medial and lateral margin lid distances were measured on Bézier lines expressing the pre- and postoperative lid contours. RESULTS: Preoperatively, two groups had significant lateral and medial ptosis. After MMCR, the lateral segment of the lid's contour was corrected in all groups. In the two groups with more pronounced ptosis, the nasal lid contour was undercorrected. CONCLUSIONS: In MMCR, regardless of the instrument used to entrap the posterior lamella, the amount of medial tissue resection is essential to avoid postoperative nasal undercorrection. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

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ABSTRACT Purpose: Evaluation of lid contour and marginal peak point changes to compare outcomes of external levator advancement and Müller's muscle conjunctival resection surgery in unilateral ptosis. Methods: We reviewed the charts of unilateral ptosis patients who underwent external levator advancement or Müller's muscle conjunctival resection. Eyelid contour analysis was conducted on preoperative and 6-month postoperative digital images. This was performed with the multiple margin reflex distances technique, measuring the vertical distance from a line intersecting the center of the pupil to the eyelid margin at 10 positions at 2 mm intervals. The marginal peak point changes were analyzed digitally using the coordinates of the peak point according to the pupil center. Each position's mean distance was compared preoperatively, postoperatively, and with the fellow eyelid. Results: Sixteen patients underwent external levator advancement and 16 patients had Müller's muscle conjunctival resection. The mean margin reflex distance was improved by both techniques (1.46 vs. 2.43 mm and 1.12 vs. 2.25 mm, p=0.008 and p=0.0001 respectively) and approached that of the fellow eyelid (2.43 vs. 2.88 and 2.25 vs. 2.58 mm, p=0.23 and p=0.19, respectively). However, statistically significant lid margin elevation was limited to between the N6 and T6 points in the external levator advancement group. Whereas, significant elevation was achieved along the whole lid margin in the Müller's muscle conjunctival resection group. The marginal peak point was shifted slightly laterally in the external levator advancement group (p=0.11). Conclusions: Both techniques provide effective lid elevation, however, the external levator advancement's effect lessens toward the canthi while Müller's muscle conjunctival resection provides more uniform elevation across the lid margin. The margin reflex distance alone is not sufficient to reflect contour changes.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: Blepharoptosis with coexisting strabismus can be observed in adults, and both these conditions affect cosmetic appearance and have psychosocial effects. Both also commonly require surgery, which is typically performed using a sequential approach. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of simultaneous Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection with or without tarsectomy and strabismus surgery in adult patients with ptosis and coexisting strabismus. Methods: Patients with ptosis and coexisting strabismus who underwent simultaneous Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection with or without tarsectomy and horizontal strabismus surgery were retrospectively evaluated. Analysis included measurement of the angle of deviation in prism diopters, margin reflex distance, eyelid height asymmetry, and complications following surgery. Success of Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection with or without tarsectomy was defined as a margin reflex distance of ≥3.5 and ≤5 mm with a difference between the two upper eyelids of <1 mm. Strabismus success was defined as alignment with ±10 prism diopters of orthotropia. Results: The patients comprised three women and five men with a mean age of 37.12 years (range, 22-62 years). The strabismus stage of the surgery was performed first in all patients. Upper eyelid symmetry outcomes were assessed as perfect (<0.5 mm) in four patients and good (≥0.5 mm, <1 mm) in four patients. Success of Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection with or without tarsectomy was achieved in six of eight patients (75%), and strabismus success was achieved in all patients. No revision eyelid or strabismus surgery was required following simultaneous surgery in any of the patients. Conclusion: Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection with or without tarsectomy combined with strabismus surgery may be an alternative approach for use in patients with ptosis and coexisting strabismus.

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RESUMO Objetivo: Blefaroptose e estrabismo podem ser coexistentes em adultos e ambos afetam a aparência estética e o domínio psicossocial. Ambos também geralmente requerem cirurgia, realizada tradicionalmente em uma abordagem sequencial. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da execução simultânea da ressecção musculoconjuntival de Müller, com ou sem cirurgia de tarsectomia, e da cirurgia de estrabismo em pacientes adultos com ptose e estrabismo coexistentes. Métodos: Foram retrospectivamente avaliados pacientes com ptose e estrabismo coexistentes submetidos simultaneamente à ressecção musculoconjuntival de Müller, com ou sem tarsectomia, e à cirurgia de estrabismo horizontal. A análise incluiu a mensuração do ângulo de desvio das dioptrias de prisma, a distância do reflexo à margem, a assimetria da altura palpebral e quaisquer complicações após a cirurgia. A ressecção musculoconjuntival de Müller, com ou sem sucesso na tarsectomia, foi considerada bem-sucedida com uma distância reflexo-margem medindo entre 3,5 e 5 mm, e uma diferença entre as duas pálpebras superiores menor que 1 mm. O sucesso da cirurgia de estrabismo foi definido como um alinhamento com ± 10 dioptrias prismáticas de ortotropia. Resultados: Os pacientes foram 3 mulheres e 5 homens, com média de idade de 37,12 anos (faixa de 22 a 62 anos). A parte de estrabismo da cirurgia foi realizada primeiro em todos os pacientes. Os resultados da simetria palpebral superior foram avaliados como perfeitos (<0,5 mm) em 4 pacientes, bons (≥0,5 mm, <1 mm) em 4 pacientes e regulares (≥1 mm) em nenhum. A ressecção musculoconjuntival de Müller, com ou sem sucesso na tarsectomia, teve sucesso em 6 dos 8 pacientes (75%) e a intervenção para o estrabismo foi bem-sucedida em todos os pacientes. Não foi necessária cirurgia de revisão da pálpebra ou do estrabismo após a cirurgia simultânea em nenhum paciente. Conclusão: A ressecção musculoconjuntival de Müller, com ou sem tarsectomia, pode ser combinada com a cirurgia de estrabismo em uma abordagem alternativa para pacientes com ptose e estrabismo coexistentes.

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BACKGROUND: Attempts at dynamic reconstruction of the upper eyelid either by neurotization or direct muscle replacement have been scarce. Substitution of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle requires the use of extremely small and pliable structures. As a proof of concept/pilot study, we present a consecutive series of patients who underwent blepharoptosis correction using the neurotized omohyoid muscle graft. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients receiving a neurotized omohyoid muscle graft for levator palpebralis substitution between January and December 2019. RESULTS: Five patients were operated (2 male, 3 female); median age was 35.5 years. Median palpebral aperture was 0 mm and levator function was< 1 mm in all cases. Median denervation time for the levator muscle was 9 years. All surgeries were uneventful, and no postoperative complications were seen. Twelve months after the procedure, all patients presented with adequate palpebral aperture on activation of the spinal nerve. Median palpebral aperture was 6.5 mm Postoperative electromyography revealed muscle contraction when stimulation was applied to the spinal nerve. CONCLUSION: This study introduces the concept of severe blepharoptosis correction using the omohyoid muscle. We believe that with time and further technical refinements it could become an invaluable tool in eyelid reconstruction surgery.

Assuntos

Blefaroplastia , Blefaroptose , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Blefaroptose/cirurgia , Blefaroplastia/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Projetos Piloto , Resultado do Tratamento , Músculos Oculomotores/cirurgia

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the current practice patterns for assessing and managing upper lid ptosis among members of the Latin American and Spanish societies of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Methods: An e-mail was sent to invite members of both societies to participate in this anonymous web-based survey. The survey collected data on surgeons' demographics and four other sections: upper lid ptosis preoperative evaluation, surgical preferences, postoperative management, and complications. The frequency and proportions of the responses were then statistically analyzed. Results: The survey was responded by 354 experienced oculoplastic surgeons, 47.7% of whom generally performed more than 20 upper lid ptosis surgeries annually. Of those respondents, 244 (68.9%) routinely check for dry eye preoperatively. Less than half of the respondents (47.4%) perform the phenylephrine test for congenital or acquired ptosis. Mild upper lid ptosis was reported to be usually corrected with conjunctival mullerectomy (43.6%). Severe upper lid ptosis was reported to be usually corrected with frontalis surgery (57%), followed by anterior levator resection, mainly supramaximal resection (17.5%). In cases of severe congenital ptosis, the main reason for surgery was to alleviate the risk of amblyopia (37.3%). An anterior approach was reported to be usually (63.3%) used to manage involutional ptosis associated with dermatochalasis. Common complications comprised undercorrection after levator resection (40%) or frontalis suspension (27.5%). Conclusions: This study reports the current practice patterns among Spanish and Latin American oculoplastic surgeons in upper lid ptosis diagnosis and treatment. Surgeons can use this study data to compare disease management with their colleagues.

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RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a prática e tratamento da ptose da pálpebra superior por membros das sociedades latino-ame­ricanas e espanhola de Cirurgia Plástica Ocular. Métodos: Os membros das referidas sociedades foram convidados por e-mail para responder a um questionário eletrônico garantindo o anonimato. O questionário constou de dados demográficos do cirurgião e outras quatro seções: avaliação pré-operatória da ptose da pálpebra superior, preferências cirúrgicas, conduta pós-operatória e complicações. Estatística descritiva foi utilizada para análise da frequência e proporções percentuais. Resultados: Trezentos e cinquenta e quatro experientes cirurgiões oculoplásticos dos quais 47,7% realizam mais de 20 cirurgias de ptose da pálpebra superior por ano responderam ao questionário. Na avaliação pré-operatória, 68,9% realizam testes para olho seco, mas o teste da fenilefrina é feito por menos da metade dos entrevistados (47,4%). A ptose da pálpebra superior leve geralmente é corrigida por conjuntivo-mullerectomia (43,6%), a ptose da pálpebra superior grave por cirurgia do músculo frontal (57%) ou ressecção da aponeurose do levantador via anterior, principalmente usando a supramáxima (17,5%). O principal motivo para operar a ptose congênita grave é o risco de ambliopia (37,3%). A ptose involucional associada à dermatocálase costuma ser corrigida pela via anterior (63,3%). Hipocorreção é complicação comum após a ressecção da aponeurose do levantador (40%) ou suspensão ao frontal (27,5%). Conclusões: As práticas atuais dos cirurgiões oculoplásticos espanhóis e latino-americanos para diagnóstico e tratamento de ptose da pálpebra superior foram relatadas. Os dados apresentados podem ser usados para comparar a abordagem dos cirurgiões com a de seus pares.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the clinical features of pediatric patients with acute-onset, unilateral transient acquired blepharoptosis. Methods: In this retrospective study, the clinical records of patients between April 2015 and June 2020 were reviewed for evaluation of demographic features, accompanying neurological and ophthalmologic manifestations, symptom duration, etiological cause, and imaging findings. Patients with congenital and acquired blepharoptosis with chronic etiologies were excluded. Results: Sixteen pediatric patients (10 boys and 6 girls) with acquired acute-onset unilateral transient blepharoptosis were included in this study. The patients' mean age was 6.93 ± 3.16 years. The most commonly identified etiological cause was trauma in 7 patients (43.75%) and infection (para-infection) in 5 patients (31.25%). In addition, Miller Fisher syndrome, Horner syndrome secondary to neuroblastoma, acquired Brown's syndrome, and pseudotumor cerebri were identified as etiological causes in one patient each. Additional ocular findings accompanied blepharoptosis in 7 patients (58.33%). Blepharoptosis spontaneously resolved, without treatment, in all the patients, except those with Miller Fisher syndrome, neuroblastoma, and pseudotumor cerebri. None of the patients required surgical treatment and had ocular morbidities such as amblyopia. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that acute-onset unilateral transient blepharoptosis, which is rare in childhood, may regress without the need for surgical treatment in the pediatric population. However, serious pathologies that require treatment may present with blepharoptosis.

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RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as características clínicas de pacientes pediátricos com blefaroptose adquirida unilateral, transitória e de início agudo. Métodos: Neste estudo retrospectivo, foram revisados prontuários clínicos entre abril de 2015 e junho de 2020. Os pacientes foram avaliados em termos de características demográficas, manifestações neurológicas e oftalmológicas associadas, duração dos sintomas, etiologia e achados de imagem. Foram excluídos pacientes com blefaroptose congênita e com blefaroptose adquirida de etiologia crônica. Resultados: Foram incluídos neste estudo 16 pacientes pediátricos (10 masculinos e 6 femininos) com blefaroptose adquirida transitória unilateral de início agudo. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 6,93 ± 3,16 anos. As causas etiológicas mais comumente identificadas foram trauma em 7 pacientes (43,75%) e infecção (casos parainfecciosos) em 5 pacientes (31,25%). Além disso, a síndrome de Miller-Fisher, a síndrome de Horner secundária a neuroblastoma, a síndrome de Brown adquirida e pseudotumor cerebral foram determinados como causas etiológicas em um paciente cada uma. Achados oculares adicionais estavam associados à blefaroptose em 7 pacientes (58,33%). Foi observada a resolução espontânea da blefaroptose, sem tratamento, em todos os pacientes, exceto nos pacientes com síndrome de Miller-Fisher, neuroblastoma e pseudotumor cerebral. Nenhum paciente precisou de tratamento cirúrgico. Morbidades oculares, como ambliopia, não foram encontradas em nenhum paciente. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que a blefaroptose transitória unilateral de início agudo, rara na infância, pode regredir sem a necessidade de tratamento cirúrgico na população pediátrica. No entanto, também não deve ser esquecido que patologias graves que requerem tratamento podem se apresentar com blefaroptose.

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN. La ptosis palpebral se define como el descenso o disfunción del párpado con respecto a su posición considerada como normal, pudiendo causar alteraciones del campo visual. Puede dividirse en lesiones congénitas o adquiridas, por el grado de disfunción entre otros. Blefaroplastia, es el término para la corrección de la misma. Existen varias técnicas correctivas quirúrgicas y no quirúrgicas. CASOS. Se presenta una serie de 5 casos tratados mediante abordaje quirúrgico anterior; detallando la técnica quirúrgica utilizada, con corrección de las estructuras hipertrofiadas, sección, suspensión, sutura del elevador palpebral o su encortamiento; suspensión de índole estática con el uso de fascia del paciente y finalizando el procedimiento con la confección del surco palpebral superior. RESULTADOS. Los 5 pacientes fueron tratados con técnicas quirúrgicas individualizadas obteniéndose buenos resultados estéticos y funcionales, sin complicaciones durante o después del procedimiento. DISCUSIÓN. La técnica de blefaroplastia quirúrgica dependerá del grado de disfunción; se describen tres principales: Fasanella Servat, para ptosis leve y útil para ptosis congénita leve o síndrome de Horner; Reinserción de la aponeurosis del músculo elevador, técnica que respeta la anatomía y permite regular diferentes grados de ptosis; y Suspensión del párpado al músculo frontal pudiendo ser definitiva o reversible. La edad de intervención para ptosis congénita antes del año de edad es urgente, si tapa la pupila para así evitar ambliopía y tortícolis compensatoria, en el resto de casos se sugiere realizarla a partir de los 5 años de edad. CONCLUSIONES. El conocimiento adecuado de la anatomía palpebral, etiología de la dermatocalasia y blefaroptosis, permite realizar una correcta cirugía reparadora individualizada para cada paciente. Las técnicas presentadas en este trabajo son reproducibles.

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INTRODUCTION. Palpebral ptosis is defined as the descent or dysfunction of the eyelid with respect to its position considered as normal, which can cause alterations in the visual field. It can be divided into congenital or acquired lesions, according to the degree of dysfunction, among others. Blepharoplasty is the term for its correction. There are several surgical and non-surgical corrective techniques. CASES. We present a series of 5 cases treated by anterior surgical approach; detailing the surgical technique used, with correction of the hypertrophied structures, section, suspension, suture of the palpebral elevator or its shortening; static suspension with the use of the patient's fascia and ending the procedure with the confection of the superior palpebral sulcus. RESULTS. All 5 patients were treated with individualized surgical techniques obtaining good aesthetic and functional results, without complications during or after the procedure. DISCUSSION. The surgical blepharoplasty technique will depend on the degree of dysfunction; three main techniques are described: Fasanella Servat, for mild ptosis and useful for mild congenital ptosis or Horner syndrome; Reinsertion of the levator muscle aponeurosis, a technique that respects the anatomy and allows regulating different degrees of ptosis; and Eyelid suspension to the frontalis muscle, which can be definitive or reversible. The age of intervention for congenital ptosis before one year of age is urgent, if it covers the pupil in order to avoid amblyopia and compensatory torticollis, in the rest of cases it is suggested to perform it from 5 years of age. CONCLUSIONS. The adequate knowledge of the palpebral anatomy, etiology of dermatochalasis and blepharoptosis, allows a correct individualized reparative surgery for each patient. The techniques presented in this work are reproducible.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Cirurgia Plástica , Blefaroptose , Síndrome de Horner , Estética , Pálpebras , Músculos Oculomotores , Blefaroplastia , Equador , Doenças Palpebrais , Testes de Campo Visual

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Aberrant regeneration in third nerve palsies, linking medial rectus contraction to the levator palpebrae muscle, is a great opportunity for surgical planning to address both the ptosis and horizontal deviation in a single procedure. We report a case of severe ptosis associated with exotropia that was successfully corrected with a single horizontal strabismus surgery owing to aberrant regeneration and discuss the basis underlying the surgical planning.

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RESUMO A regeneração aberrante nas paralisias do terceiro nervo, ligando a contração do reto medial ao músculo levantador da pálpebra, é uma grande oportunidade para fazer um planejamento cirúrgico para tratar tanto a ptose quanto o desvio horizontal em um procedimento único. Relatamos uma ptose grave associada à exotropia corrigida com sucesso com uma única cirurgia de estrabismo horizontal devido à regeneração aberrante e discutimos as bases do planejamento cirúrgico.

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RESUMO O presente trabalho objetivou relatar um caso de tarsal buckling associado a prolapso conjuntival e à inversão de pálpebra superior como complicação da correção cirúrgica de ptose residual. Paciente do sexo feminino, 15 anos, portadora de ptose palpebral residual unilateral em olho direito, secundária à correção parcial da ptose palpebral congênita operada na infância. A segunda abordagem cirúrgica foi realizada com ressecção da aponeurose do músculo levantador da pálpebra superior, que evoluiu com inversão conjuntival da pálpebra superior. A fragilidade estrutural do tarso é a principal hipótese para justificar o tarsal buckling subsequente à cirurgia. Houve resolução completa do tarsal buckling, porém houve também persistência da ptose palpebral. O tarsal buckling é, portanto, uma complicação cirúrgica incomum, que pode ocorrer na correção da ptose palpebral, em que há rotação posterior da metade superior do tarso, fazendo com que este se curve verticalmente sobre seu eixo, favorecendo o prolapso conjuntival. A suspeição diagnóstica e a reabordagem cirúrgica precoce favorecem a resolução da condição e previnem possíveis complicações visuais.

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ABSTRACT This paper aimed to report a case of tarsal buckling associated with conjunctival prolapse and upper eyelid inversion as a complication of surgical correction of residual ptosis. A 15-year-old female patient with unilateral residual eyelid ptosis in the right eye, secondary to partial correction of congenital blepharoptosis operated in childhood. The second surgery was performed with resection of the upper eyelid levator muscle aponeurosis, which progressed to conjunctival inversion of the upper eyelid. The structural fragility of the tarsus is the main hypothesis to justify tarsal buckling after surgery. There was complete resolution of tarsal buckling, but persistence of blepharoptosis. Tarsal buckling is an infrequent surgical complication that can occur in correction of blepharoptosis, when there is posterior rotation of the upper half of the tarsus, causing it to curve vertically on its axis and favoring conjunctival prolapse. Establishing diagnosis and early reoperation favor resolution of the condition and avoid possible visual complications.

Assuntos

Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Oftalmológicos/efeitos adversos , Blefaroptose/cirurgia , Blefaroptose/congênito , Doenças Palpebrais/etiologia , Músculos Oculomotores/cirurgia

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN. La parálisis facial refractaria produce ectropión paralítico secundario, que predispone a la queratopatía por exposición y otras complicaciones oculares, que deben ser manejadas con cirugía. OBJETIVO. Describir el manejo quirúrgico oftalmoló-gico en parálisis facial refractaria mediante tira tarsal y suspensión del pliegue nasolabial. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo. Población y muestra conocida de 8 Historias Clínicas, en el Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, período enero 2016 a diciembre 2018. Criterios de inclusión: registros de parálisis facial y ectropión paralítico. Los datos fueron tomados del sistema AS400, y se analizaron en el programa estadístico International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Versión 25.0. RESULTADOS. La etiología tumoral fue 62,5% (5; 8), A los 6 me-ses postquirúrgicos se observó resolución de: lagoftalmos, lagrimeo, ardor ocular y quera-titis en el 87,5% (7; 8); el ectropión se resolvió en todos los casos y se obtuvo una mejoría en la ptosis. La agudeza visual mejoró en el 75,0% (6; 8). DISCUSIÓN: La literatura evi-denció que las técnicas quirúrgicas si bien no abordan el aspecto oftalmológico y estético a la vez, aún es incierto su manejo de manera conjunta dado que ha sido poco descrita pero ha adquirido importancia por los resultados en la Unidad de Oftalmología del hospital.CONCLUSIÓN. La descripción del manejo quirúrgico oftalmológico en parálisis facial re-fractaria mediante la técnica de tira tarsal y suspensión del pliegue nasolabial fue asertiva como experiencia local.

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INTRODUCTION. Refractory facial paralysis produces secondary paralytic ectropion, which predisposes to exposure keratopathy and other ocular complications, which must be managed with surgery. OBJECTIVE. Describe the ophthalmic surgical management of refractory facial paralysis using tarsal strip and suspension of the nasolabial fold. MATE-RIALS AND METHODS. Observational, retrospective study. Population and known sam-ple of 8 Clinical Histories, at the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialty Hospital, period from january 2016 to december 2018. Inclusion criteria: records of facial paralysis and paralytic ectropion. The data were taken from the AS400 system, and analyzed in the statistical pro-gram International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 25.0. RESULTS. The tumor aetiology was 62,5% (5; 8). At 6 months after surgery, resolu-tion of: lagophthalmos, lacrimation, ocular burning and keratitis was observed in 87,5% (7; 8); ectropion resolved in all cases and ptosis improved. Visual acuity improved in 75,0% (6; 8). DISCUSSION: The literature showed that the surgical techniques, although they do not address the ophthalmological and aesthetic aspects at the same time, their joint mana-gement is still uncertain since it has been little described but has acquired importance due to the results in the Ophthalmology Unit of the hospital. CONCLUSION. The description of ophthalmic surgical management in refractory facial paralysis using the tarsal strip techni-que and suspension of the nasolabial fold was assertive as a local experience.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Blefaroptose , Ectrópio , Nervo Facial , Paralisia Facial , Sulco Nasogeniano , Ceratite , Oftalmologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Oftalmológicos , Acuidade Visual

RESUMO

RESUMEN Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino, de 4 años de edad, producto de parto distócico (por cesárea), gestación a término, (41.0 semana), con un peso al nacer de 7.10 libras (normopeso) procedencia urbana, con antecedentes de haber sido sometido a tratamiento quirùrgico por una Obstrucción de vías lagrimales, a la edad de un año. Al examen oftalmológico se constata, caída de ambos párpados superiores a nivel del tercio medio del área pupilar; inserción baja del borde cantal superior externo de ambos párpados superiores, abundante lagrimeo y secreciones oculares; miopía pequeña y ambliopía bilateral ligera. Se observó además, trastornos posturales por elevación del mentón para mirar. Valorado por Neurología, se descartó causa neurológica de la ptosis. Estudiado por Oculoplastia, se decide tratamiento quirúrgico, consistente en acortamiento del músculo elevador de ambos parpados, por vía anterior y excursión de dicho músculo, en 6 mm. El resultado postquirúrgico fue satisfactorio.

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ABSTRACT We present the case of a male patient, 4 years old, product of dystocic delivery (by caesarean section), term gestation, (41.0 weeks), with a birth weight of 7.10 pounds (normal weight) urban origin, with a history of having undergone surgical treatment for a tear duct obstruction, at the age of one year. At the ophthalmological examination, it is noted that both upper eyelids fall at the level of the middle third of the pupil area; low insertion of the upper outer canthal edge of both upper eyelids, abundant tearing and ocular secretions; Small myopia and slight bilateral amblyopia. It was also observed postural disorders due to elevation of the chin to look. Valued by Neurology, neurological cause of ptosis was ruled out. Studied by Oculoplasty, surgical treatment is decided, consisting of shortening of the elevating muscle of both eyelids, by anterior route and excursion of said muscle, in 6 mm. The post-surgical result was satisfactory.

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RESUMO Apresentamos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, 4 anos, produto de parto distócico (por cesariana), gestação a termo (41,0 semanas), com peso ao nascer de 7,10 libras (peso normal) origem urbana, com histórico de tratamento cirúrgico para obstrução do canal lacrimal, com um ano de idade. No exame oftalmológico, nota-se que ambas as pálpebras superiores caem para o terço médio da área pupilar; baixa inserção da borda cantal externa superior de ambas as pálpebras superiores, lacrimejamento abundante e secreções oculares; Miopia pequena e ambliopia bilateral leve. Também foram observados distúrbios posturais devido à elevação do queixo para olhar. Avaliada pela Neurologia, a causa neurológica da ptose foi descartada. Estudado por oculoplastia, o tratamento cirúrgico é decidido, consistindo em encurtamento do músculo elevador de ambas as pálpebras, por via anterior e excursão do referido músculo, em 6 mm. O resultado pós-cirúrgico foi satisfatório.

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Purpose: To review the outcomes of frontalis suspension surgeries with the use of polytetrafluoroethylene in patients with blepharoptosis. Methods: A retrospective observational study analyzed the outcomes of frontalis suspension surgeries performed in a single institution from 2003 to 2018. All procedures were performed with closed incision and single pentagon techniques. Outcomes were classified as satisfactory or unsatisfactory, with satisfactory defined as a margin reflex distance of >3 mm and <1 mm between eyelids and unsatisfactory as hypocorrection, surgical complications, and asymmetry. Results: We included a total of 76 eyelids from 52 patients in our study. Within a mean postoperative follow-up of 16.8 ± 18.5 months (range, 3-95), 59 (77.6%) eyelids had a satisfactory outcome, and 17 (22.4%) were unsatisfactory (8 cases of asymmetry, 3 granulomas, 3 suture extrusions, 2 abscesses, and 1 case of cellulitis). Nine eyelids from the unsatisfactory group required reoperation. Among the patients with a follow-up of ³12 months (38 surgeries), lasting results were observed in most eyelids, except for 2 late-onset suture extrusions. Conclusion: The use of polytetrafluoroethylene in frontalis suspension surgery was shown to be predictable, safe, and lasting. Our findings support previous studies that have shown adequate functional results and low complication rates.

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RESUMO Objetivo: Revisar os resultados de cirurgias de sus pensão ao músculo frontal com o uso de fio de politetrafluoretileno em pacientes com blefaroptose. Métodos: Em um estudo observacional retrospectivo, foram analisados os resultados das cirurgias de músculo frontal de uma instituição, realizadas entre 2003 e 2018. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados com incisão fechada e técnica de pentágono. Os desfechos foram classificados como satisfatórios ou insatisfatórios com definição satisfatória definida como distância margem-reflexo >3mm e <1mm entre as pálpebras e insatisfatória como hipocorreção, complicações cirúrgicas e assimetria. Resultados: Incluímos um total de 76 pálpebras de 52 pacientes em nosso estudo. Com um tempo médio de seguimento pós-operatório de 16,8 ± 18,5 meses (intervalo 3-95), 59 (77,6%) pálpebras apresentaram desfecho satisfatório e 17 (22,4%) insatisfatórios (8 casos de assimetria, 3 granulomas, 3 extrusões de sutura, 2 abscessos e 1 caso de celulite). Nove pálpebras do grupo insatisfatório necessitaram de reoperação. Entre os pacientes com seguimento ³12 meses (38 cirurgias), resultados duradouros foram observados na maioria dos casos, exceto por 2 extrusões de sutura de surgimento tardio. Conclusão: O uso de politetrafluoretileno na cirurgia de músculo frontal mostrou ser previsível, seguro e duradouro, Nossos achados corroboram com estudos prévios que mostraram resultados funcionais adequados e baixos índices de complicação.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Politetrafluoretileno/uso terapêutico , Blefaroptose/cirurgia , Blefaroplastia/métodos , Pálpebras/cirurgia , Músculos Oculomotores/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Técnicas de Sutura , Resultado do Tratamento

RESUMO

RESUMEN Los linfomas son enfermedades malignas que se originan en las células del sistema inmune y se manifiestan predominantemente por linfoadenopatías; en ocasiones la presentación es en sitios extranodales. El ojo y sus anexos pueden ser afectados por un grupo heterogéneo de linfomas primarios o, secundariamente, por la extensión de linfomas originados en ganglios linfáticos o en otros sitios extranodales. Se reporta el caso de un paciente que acudió a consulta por ptosis palpebral izquierda y al examen físico se detectó afectación bilateral, con presencia de tumores en la conjuntiva bulbar inferior en ojo derecho y en la conjuntiva bulbar superior en ojo izquierdo. Mediante biopsia de conjuntiva se diagnosticó linfoma no Hodgkin linfocítico de células pequeñas B. El paciente fue considerado un estadio IIIAE de Ann Arbor y tratado con seis ciclos de ciclofosfamida, vincristina, doxorrubicina y prednisona, más el anticuerpo monoclonal cubano anti-CD20 CIMABior®. Se alcanzó la respuesta completa, estado en el cual se mantiene hasta el momento.

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ABSTRACT Lymphomas are malignant diseases that originate in the immune system cells and are predominantly manifested by lymphadenopathy; sometimes the presentation is in extranodal places. The eye and its annexes may be affected by a heterogeneous group of primary lymphomas or, secondarily, by the extension of lymphomas originated in lymph nodes or other extranodal sites. The case of a patient who went to the consultation due to left palpebral ptosis is reported and physical examination showed bilateral involvement, with tumors in the lower right eye bulbar conjunctiva and in the left eye upper bulbar conjunctiva. A small B cell lymphocytic non-Hodgkin lymphoma was diagnosed by conjunctiva biopsy. The patient was considered a stage IIIAE of Ann Arbor and treated with six cycles of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and prednisone, plus the Cuban monoclonal antibody anti-CD20 CIMABior®. The complete response was reached, state in which the disease remains so far.

RESUMO

Resumo Paciente de 69 anos evoluiu com entrópio palpebral severo após cirurgia de correção de ptose palpebral pela técnica de reinserção da aponeurose do músculo levantador da pálpebra superior. Realizada reintervenção onde foi diagnosticado uma fixação da aponeurose em uma posição muito inferior e feita uma refixacação no 1/3 superior do tarso, com melhora do quadro funcional e estético com boa satisfação da paciente. Devido às suturas em topografia mais inferior, o tarso adquire forma de U em decorrência do dobramento no centro da placa tarsal e da rotação inferior da sua metade superior resultando no entrópio. Este caso ressalta a importância do cuidado quanto a localização da inserção da aponeurose do MLPS, principalmente nos paciente idosos, como forma de evitar o encurvamento vertical do tarso.

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Abstract Sixty-nine (69) year old patient with severe upper eyelid entropion following surgical correction of ptosis through levator muscle aponeurosis advancement and reinsertion. The aponeurosis advancement appeared to be much lower than typically intended, and surgical repair was performed via aponeurosis re-fixation into the superior 1/3 of the tarsal plate, with subsequent improvement in the aesthetic and functional outcome, and a satisfied patient. Due to the inferiorly located tarsal sutures, the tarsal plate acquires a U-shape due to a central fold and an inferior rotation of its upper half, resulting in entropion formation. This case highlights the importance of taking great care when advancing the levator muscle in ptosis due to levator aponeurosis dehiscence, particularly in elderly patients, so as to avoid vertically folding the superior tarsal plate.

Assuntos

Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Oftalmológicos/efeitos adversos , Blefaroplastia/efeitos adversos , Entrópio/etiologia , Reoperação , Blefaroptose/cirurgia , Blefaroplastia/métodos , Entrópio/cirurgia , Músculos Oculomotores/cirurgia

RESUMO

RESUMEN Se presentó un caso operado de ptosis palpebral severa del ojo izquierdo, en un paciente de 83 años de edad, chofer profesional. el mismo fue corregido mediante la técnica de Fox, fijando el párpado superior al músculo frontal con una banda de silicona de 1 mm de ancho. Se presentaron los buenos resultados de esta cirugía correctiva en el trans-operatorio y post-operatorio de 7 días y al mes. Se mostraron resultados satisfactorios visual y estético con el uso de la misma. No se reportó reacción adversa a la banda de silicona. Se recomienda extender el uso de esta técnica a todos los servicios de la provincia. Continuar el perfeccionamiento de la misma en el servicio (AU).

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ABSTRACT An 83 years old patient, professional driver, operated of a severe ptosis in the left eye, is corrected by Fox procedure, fixating the upper eyelid to the frontal muscle with a silicone band of 1 mm. The good corrective results, during surgery, after that, at 7 days and at a month, are showed as a great achievement in visual and aesthetic fields. There was not allergic reaction to the silicone material. We recommend to extend the use of this procedure to all provinces services and to continue the improvement of the procedure in our service (AU).

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Blefaroptose/cirurgia , Extração de Catarata/efeitos adversos , Implante de Lente Intraocular/efeitos adversos , Doenças Palpebrais/diagnóstico , Reabilitação , Blefaroptose/diagnóstico

RESUMO

RESUMO O objetivo deste resumo é relatar um caso de portador de oftalmomiíase externa, discorrendo sobre o quadro clínico, os diagnósticos diferenciais e as opções de tratamento. As informações foram obtidas por meio de revisão do prontuário, entrevista com o paciente e registro fotográfico dos métodos diagnósticos e terapêuticos aos quais o paciente foi submetido. Dados foram analisados junto a uma extensa revisão da literatura. O nosso artigo relata um caso de um paciente que foi inicialmente diagnosticado e tratado como celulite pré -septal e após avaliação de especialista em oculoplástica foi realizado o diagnóstico e tratamento adequado para oftalmomiíase. Também revela a importância deste diagnóstico, infrequente nos grandes centros urbanos, seu tratamento e evolução.

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ABSTRACT The purpose of this report is to describe a case of external ophthalmomyiasis, discussing the clinical picture, differential diagnoses and treatment options. The information was obtained by means of a review of the medical record, an interview with the patient and a photographic record of the diagnostic and therapeutic methods to which the patient was submitted. Data were analyzed together with an extensive review of the literature. Our article reports a case of a patient who was initially diagnosed and treated for pre-septal cellulitis and after evaluation by a specialist in oculoplastics, the diagnosis and appropriate treatment for ophthalmomyiasis was performed. It also reveals the importance of this diagnosis, infrequent in large urban centers, its treatment and evolution.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Miíase/diagnóstico , Miíase/tratamento farmacológico , Ivermectina/administração & dosagem , Relatos de Casos , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/tratamento farmacológico , Dípteros , Edema , Pálpebras/parasitologia , Larva

RESUMO

Background: Cerebral ptosis is understood as the bilateral paralysis of eyelid elevation linked to a stroke or hemorrhage of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). It is a transient condition, independent of the evolution of the lesion. Aim: To analyze six patients with the condition. Patients and Methods: Report of five women and one male aged 42 to 72 years. Results: All suffered an infarction or hemorrhage in the territory of the middle cerebral artery of the non-dominant hemisphere and developed a bilateral palpebral ptosis. The recovery started after the fourth day. At the tenth day, eye opening was effortless and did not require frontal help, despite the persistence of hemiplegia. Conclusions: Cerebral ptosis is a mimetic dysfunction of a specific non-injured area of the cerebral cortex, originated from a nearby parenchymal damage such as the middle cerebral artery of the same hemisphere. Cerebral ptosis expresses the inhibition of the voluntary eyelid elevation center, of prefrontal location in the non-dominant hemisphere.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Blefaroptose/diagnóstico por imagem , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Cerebral Média/diagnóstico por imagem , Blefaroptose/fisiopatologia , Blefaroptose/terapia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Infarto Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Infarto Cerebral/terapia , Artéria Cerebral Média/fisiopatologia

RESUMO

Introdução: A ptose palpebral é uma afecção comum na prática clínica na qual uma perfeita avaliação torna-se mandatória. Definimos ptose quando a margem palpebral encontra-se abaixo de 2 mm da junção córneo escleral e pode ser classificada em leve, moderada e grave. Existem inúmeras técnicas de reparo e a escolha dependerá da classificação da função do músculo levantador. Métodos: Foram analisados de forma prospectiva, no período de março de 2013 a maio de 2015, quatorze (n = 14) pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico de ptose palpebral moderada e grave (n = 21). Inúmeros fatores foram estudados, tais como grau de ptose e função do músculo elevador da pálpebra, tipo de técnica de reparo, complicações imediatas e tardias, etc. Resultados: Quatorze pacientes foram opera-dos, totalizando 21 pálpebras, sendo que, 85% foram de etiologia adquirida e 15% congênita. Com relação ao grau de ptose, 64,3% (n = 9) foram moderadas e 35,7% (n = 5) graves. No que tange à função do músculo levantador, encontramos função boa 28,5% (n = 4), moderada 28,5% (n = 4) e pobre 43% (n = 6). Em relação às com-plicações, 2 casos de hiperemia conjutival e um caso de edema. Obtivemos um alto índice de satisfação com 85,7% (n = 12), com baixas taxas de complicações. Conclusão: A ptose palpebral é uma enfermidade comum na prática clínica e exige por parte do cirurgião um perfeito conhecimento anatômico da delicada estrutura palpebral e também de sua fisiopatologia. Uma perfeita avaliação desse paciente torna-se mandatória para o emprego do tratamento mais adequado.

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Introduction: Eyelid ptosis is a common condition in clinical practice for which a complete evaluation is mandatory. Ptosis is defined when the eyelid margin is 2 mm below the corneoscleral junction and can be classified as mild, moderate, and severe. There are numerous repair techniques, and the choice will depend on the classification of the function of the levator muscle. Methods: We evaluated prospectively, from March 2013 to May 2015, 14 patients who underwent surgical treatment of moderate and severe ptosis (n = 21). Several factors were studied, such as degree of ptosis and function of the eyelid levator muscle, type of repair technique, and immediate and late complications. Results: Fourteen patients (21 eyelids) underwent operation. The etiology was acquired in 85% of the cases and congenital in 15%. With respect to the degree of ptosis, 64.3% (n = 9) of the cases were moderate and 35.7% (n = 5) were severe. With respect to the muscle function of the levator, good, moderate, and poor functions were observed in 28.5% (n = 4), 28.5% (n = 4), and 43% (n = 6) of the cases, respectively. With regard to complications, 2 cases of conjunctival hyperemia and one case of edema were observed. We obtained a high satisfaction rate of 85.7% (n = 12), with low complication rates. Conclusion: Eyelid ptosis is a common presentation in clinical practice and requires on the part of the surgeon a detailed anatomical knowledge of the delicate structure of the eyelid and its pathophysiology. A complete evaluation of these patients is mandatory for the employment of the most appropriate treatment.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , História do Século XXI , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Oftalmológicos , Blefaroptose , Estudos Prospectivos , Blefarofimose , Doenças Palpebrais , Fascia Lata , Miastenia Gravis , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Oftalmológicos/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Oftalmológicos/reabilitação , Blefaroptose/cirurgia , Blefaroptose/reabilitação , Blefarofimose/cirurgia , Blefarofimose/reabilitação , Doenças Palpebrais/cirurgia , Doenças Palpebrais/reabilitação , Fascia Lata/anatomia & histologia , Fascia Lata/anormalidades , Fascia Lata/cirurgia , Miastenia Gravis/cirurgia , Miastenia Gravis/terapia

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To present the outcomes of the tarsal switch procedure using an anterior approach to correct severe ptosis with poor levator muscle function (<4 mm) with absent or poor Bell's phenomenon. METHODS: This retrospective case series included 11 patients with severe neurogenic or acquired myogenic palpebral ptosis. All patients underwent the tarsal switch procedure through an anterior approach from 2012 to 2015. Margin reflex distance (MRD1 and MRD2) and the palpebral fissure were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Data were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. P-values <0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS: Surgery was performed on 18 eyelids (11 patients). The median age at surgery was 57 years (range, 29-86 years). Four patients had unilateral ptosis and seven had bilateral ptosis. Nine patients had myogenic ptosis and two had neurogenic ptosis. Postoperatively, the chin-up position improved in all patients. The MRD1 increased statistically significantly, from 0 mm preoperatively to 1.0 mm postoperatively (P=0.001). The MRD2 decreased statistically significantly, from 4.5 mm preoperatively to 3.0 mm postoperatively (P=0.001). The palpebral fissure did not change (4.0 mm preoperatively to 4.0 mm postoperatively) (P=0.13). CONCLUSIONS: The tarsal switch procedure through an anterior approach is an effective alternative for correcting severe ptosis, especially neurogenic or acquired myogenic ptosis. This procedure can be performed with minimal risk of ocular surface exposure and provides stable outcomes.