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INTRODUCTION: Experience in the use of diagnostic and/or therapy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in children is limited. This is due to the underdiagnosis of pancreaticobiliary disease in the pediatric population and specialist personnel in this procedure. OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and success rate of ERCP in children at Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá between January 2007 and June 2015. METHODOLOGY: This was an observational, descriptive, retrospective case series study of patients under 18 years, who underwent ERCP between January 2007 and June 2015. The following variables were analyzed: indication, duration, type of procedure, rate of success, and complications. RESULTS: A total of 30 patients were included, in whom 65 ERCP procedures were performed. Successful cannulation was achieved in 52 of the 65 procedures (80%). Among the complications that occurred, there were four cases of pancreatitis (6.2%), two cases of bleeding (3.1%), and one case of bacteremia (1.5%), and in most cases (58 in total, 89.2%), there were no complications. DISCUSSION: The pediatric gastroenterology group of the Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá has obtained good results in performing ERCP in the pediatric population with a success rate of 80% associated with a null mortality rate. There is enough literature available to conclude that performing ERCP in the pediatric population maintains an adequate success rate and a low complication rate. In all the studies evaluated, a null mortality rate was found, so it is considered that this procedure is safe in patients under 18 years of age.
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OBJECTIVES: The present study describes a cohort of patients diagnosed with Mirizzi syndrome from type I to Vb, over a period of four years. It aimed to identify diagnostic and management pitfalls of Mirizzi syndrome, as well as their concomitant cholecystobiliary or cholecystoenteric fistulas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all electronic medical records of patients who underwent surgery for Mirizzi syndrome at a single institution. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients (0.6%) were diagnosed with Mirizzi syndrome. Most of the patients were females (n=19, 86.3%). Mean age was 43.8 years (range: 21-71 years). Ultrasound was performed in all (100%) patients. Six (27.2%) patients had a CT scan and six (27.2%) patients had endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Overall preoperative diagnosis was achieved on 36.6% (n=8) of the patients. There were the same total and partial cholecystectomies, accounting for ten (45.5%) cases each, one hepaticojejunostomy with cholecystectomy (4.5%), and one enterolithotomy (4.5%). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was attempted in 15 (68.1%) patients, with conversion to open surgery in 93.3% (n=14) of the patients. An open approach was made in five (22.7%) cases. Four (18.1%) patients were reported as MS type I, both types II and III each account for 22.7% (n=5) of the cases, there was only one (4.5%) patient with type IV, and seven (31.8%) patients with type V. CONCLUSION: There are limited studies of patients with Mirizzi syndrome, including type V classification, and when this syndrome is suspected, a preoperative diagnosis should be made to avoid bile duct injuries or lesions to adjacent organs.
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BACKGROUND: Exclusion of the stomach after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) makes access to the biliary tree very challenging for the surgeon or the endoscopist. Different techniques have been described to overcome this downside, including laparoscopy-assisted transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which is an outstanding method to access the remnant stomach in order to reach the duodenal papilla. The use of this technique is associated with a high success rate. PRESENTATION OF CASE: Here we present the case of a 57-year-old patient with altered RYGB anatomy. The patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Intraoperative cholangiography revealed the presence of a stone in the common bile duct. A laparoscopy-assisted transgastric ERCP was performed successfully. During the procedure, the duodenoscope was introduced through a gastrostomy, obviating the need for an intragastric trocar. The patient evolved favorably and was discharged on second postoperative day without any complications. DISCUSSION: Transgastric laparoscopy-assisted ERCP represents an effective approach for the management of biliary complications after RYGB, even if there is a long interval between the two interventions, as occurred in the present case. Other methods described for accessing the biliary tree in patients with altered RYGB anatomy are double-balloon ERCP and endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP. We elected to perform the laparoscopy-assisted approach because choledocholithiasis was diagnosed transoperatively, thus, avoiding the need for secondary procedures or interventions. CONCLUSION: Transgastric laparoscopy-assisted ERCP is a feasible procedure with low complication rates and is used in treating patients with altered RYGB anatomy who present with biliary tract disorders. The use of transgastric laparoscopy-assisted ERCP allows endoscopic treatment and cholecystectomy to be performed in a single setting.
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Spyglass es un colangioscopio peroral mono operador desechable que ha estado disponible desde principios de 2007 para patología biliar. Objetivo: Demostrar la experiencia en Venezuela usando sistema Spyglass en pacientes con patología biliar. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo (febrero2012-mayo2015), Policlínica Metropolitana.50 spyglass fueron realizados, representando 7,7% del volumen de CPRE biliares en el mismo período (50/650). Se incluyeron 46 pacientes (45 hombres, 1 mujer), edad media 62,6 años (24-92 años). Indicaciones: coledocolitiasis (20), estenosis (23), tumor (2), descarte Neo entre 2 prótesis (1), prótesis trans stent (1). Un mono operador a través de un duodenoscopio terapéutico realizó colangioscopia spyglass. Sedación por anestesiología en quirófano y antibiótico profiláctico fue administrada. Resultados: Spyglass fue realizada en 46 pacientes (50 procedimientos).Hallazgos: litiasis (20 pacientes), estenosis benigna (10), estenosis maligna (13), colangitis esclerosante (1), prótesis trans stent (1). De los pacientes con litiasis, el clearance ductal posterior a litotripsia holmiun láser se logró en el 85% después de una sesión, y el 15 % en un segundo intento.Spyglass confirmó el diagnóstico de malignidad en 13/21 (62%), el diagnóstico se estableció por combinación de características visuales y biopsias directas.En 7/21 (33,33%) cambio diagnóstico: benigno (6), colangitis esclerosante (1) y en uno no se pudo establecer diagnóstico. La sospecha de benignidad se confirmó en 3/4 pacientes. Pancreatitis, microperforación retroperitoneal y fístula pancreática se reportó en un paciente (2,17%) resuelto con tratamiento médico y quirúrgico. Conclusiones: Spyglass es una técnica útil en estenosis sospechosa de benignidad o malignidad, difirió el diagnóstico, modificando la conducta. Es una técnica adyuvante de la CPRE en el manejo de cálculos.
Spyglass is a disposable peroral cholangioscope monoperator that has been available since early 2007 for biliary disease. Objective: To demonstrate the experience in Venezuela using Spyglass system in patients with biliary disease. Patients and Methods: Prospective study (february2012-may2015), Polyclinic Metropolitana.50 spyglass were performed, representing 7.7% of the volume of bile ERCP in the same period (50/650). 46 patients (45 males, 1 female), mean age 62.6 years (24-92 years) were included. Indications: choledocholithiasis (20), stenosis (23), tumor (2), dicard neo between two prothesis (1), trans prosthesis stent (1) .A monoperator through a therapeutic duodenoscope made cholangioscopy spyglass. Sedation for anesthesiology and prophylactic antibiotic was administered. Results: Spyglass was performed in 46 patients (50 procedures) .Findings: lithiasis (20 patients), benign stricture (10), malignant stricture (13), sclerosing cholangitis (1), trans prosthesis stent (1). Of patients with stone disease, ductal clearance holmium laser after lithotripsy was achieved in 85% after a session, and 15% in a second attempt.Spyglass confirmed the diagnosis of malignancy in 13/21 (62%), the diagnosis was established by combination of visual features and directs biopsies.En 7/21 (33.33%) change diagnosis: benign (6), sclerosing cholangitis (1) and one diagnosis could not be established. The suspicion was confirmed benignity in 3/4 patients. Pancreatitis, retroperitoneal microperforation and pancreatic fistula was reported in one patient (2.17%) resolved with medical and surgical treatment. Conclusions: Spyglass is a useful technique for suspected benign or malignant stricture, diagnosis differed modifying behavior. Spyglass is a useful adjuvant to ERCP in the management of difficult stone disease.
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Cistos biliares são ectasias ductais congênitas envolvendo um segmento ou toda árvore biliar intra- e/ou extra-hepática, comuns na infância, mas de diagnóstico raro na idade adulta. O objetivo do presente trabalho é de relatar o caso de um paciente adulto diagnosticado com cisto gigante de colédoco durante investigação para dor abdominal (AU)
Biliary cysts are congenital ductal ectasias involving a segment or the entire intra- and/or extrahepatic biliary tree, common in childhood, but of uncommon diagnosis in adulthood. The aim of this study is to report the case of an adult patient diagnosed with giant choledochal cyst during investigation for abdominal pain (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Cisto do Colédoco/cirurgia , Cisto do Colédoco/diagnóstico , Cisto do Colédoco/complicações , Ducto Hepático Comum/cirurgiaRESUMO
Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditaria es un desorden autosómico dominante sub reconocido y relativamente común caracterizado por lesiones angiodisplásicas que afectan múltiples órganos, entre ellos el hígado. Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 76 años de edad con historia de dolor en el tercio inferior del hemitórax derecho, presencia de tenues telangiectasias en pulpejos de dedos de manos, labios y lengua además de dolor a la palpación del hipocondrio derecho; la ecografía abdominal inicial de esta paciente fue compatible con dilatación de la vía biliar intrahepática. La paciente cumple el criterio diagnóstico de Curacao para Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditaria. La presencia de malformaciones arteriovenosas en hígado fue confirmada por ECO-DOPPLER y Tomografía Espiral Multicorte.
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia is a relatively common, under-recognized autosomal dominant disorder characterized by angiodysplastic lesions that affect multiple organs, like liver. This is a case of a 76 years old woman with history of pain in the lower third of right hemithorax, presence of tiny telangiectases in fingers, lips and tongue, in additionto pain on palpation of right hypochondrium; the initial abdominal ultrasound assessment showed biliary intrahepatic dilation. Patient meets The Diagnostic Criteria of Curacao for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. The presence of liver arteriovenous malformations was confirmed by DOPPLER-ECHO and CT scan.
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Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Doenças do Ducto Colédoco , Malformações Arteriovenosas , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária , TomografiaRESUMO
Background/aim: primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) and seems to be a risk factor for colon cancer. However, taking into account that no data are available in South American population, we analyzed the prevalence of PSC in 1.333 patients with UC and the risk for developing colon cancer. Material: patients with persistent increases of alkaline phosphatase were studied by cholangiography and liver biopsy. To assess the risk of colon cancer, each patient with PSC and UC was matched with two control patients with UC without PSC of the same age, gender, extent and duration of UC. Results: the whole prevalence of PSC was 2.9% (39 patients) reaching 6.2% in extensive colitis. Seven (18 %) out of 39 patients with PSC developed colorectal carcinoma compared with 2 out of 78 (2.6%) in the control group (p=0.006). The cumulative risk of colorectal carcinoma was 11% and 18% after 10 and 20 years in the PSC group compared with 2% and 7% in the control group, respectively (p=0.002). Conclusion: this is the first prospective study performed in Latin America showing that the prevalence of PSC in patients with UC is similar to that reported in the Anglo-Saxon population. Patients with UC and PSC have a high risk of colorectal cancer.
Introducción/objetivos: la colangitis esclerosante primaria (CEP) se asocia a colitis ulcerosa (CU) y parece ser un factor de riesgo para cáncer de colon. Sin embargo, teniendo en cuenta que no existen datos disponibles en población de Sudamérica, nosotros analizamos la prevalencia de CEP en 1.333 pacientes con CU y el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de colon. Material: los pacientes con fosfatasa alcalina persistentemente elevada fueron estudiados con colangiografía y biopsia hepática. Para determinar el riesgo de cáncer de colon cada paciente con CEP y CU fueron apareados con dos pacientes controles con CU sin CEP de la misma edad, sexo, extensión y duración de la CU. Resultados: la prevalencia total de CEP fue de 2.9% (39 pacientes), alcanzando una prevalencia del 6.2% en colitis extensa. Siete (18%) de 39 pacientes con CEP desarrollaron cáncer colorectal comparado con 2 de 78 en el grupo control (p=0.006). El riesgo acumulado de cáncer colorectal fue 11 y 18% después de 10 y 20 años en el grupo con CEP comparado con 2 y 7% en el grupo control, respectivamente (p=0.002). Conclusión: este es el primer estudio prospectivo realizado en Latinoamérica mostrando que la prevalencia de CEP en pacientes con CU es similar a la reportada en población anglosajona. Los pacientes con CU y CEP tienen un alto riesgo de cáncer colorectal.