RESUMO

Las plataformas digitales de comunicación en red revolucionaron el modo de comunicarnos, informarnos y entretenernos; impactaron principalmente en las nuevas generaciones. La pandemia incrementó los patrones de consumo en todas las edades y sus consecuencias: sedentarismo; obesidad; alteraciones del sueño, psicológicas, cognitivas, de la memoria/atención, del rendimiento académico; comportamientos problemáticos y riesgos de ciberacoso. La actividad de las nuevas generaciones en TikTok ­una plataforma donde pueden crear, visualizar, compartir videos y retos virales­ tiene impacto en su comportamiento. Sus publicaciones generan aprobaciones, comentarios y seguidores; esto estimula el circuito dopaminérgico de recompensa, que es la base de los comportamientos adictivos. El pediatra debe conocer estas conductas para recomendar buenas prácticas de uso. Esta revisión narrativa, basada en bibliografía de PubMed Central, SciELO, recomendaciones nacionales e internacionales, tiene como objetivo informar y actualizar a los profesionales sobre la plataforma, sus características y sus recomendaciones de uso seguro.

Network communication digital platforms have revolutionized the way we communicate, get information, and entertain ourselves; they have had a major impact on the new generations. The pandemic has increased consumption patterns at all ages and its consequences: a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, sleep, psychological, cognitive, memory/attention, and academic performance disorders, problematic behaviors, and risks of cyberbullying. The activity of the new generations on TikTok ­a platform that allows them to create, view, share videos and viral challenges­ has affected their behavior. Their posts lead to likes, comments, and followers; this stimulates the dopaminergic reward system, which is the basis of addictive behaviors. Pediatricians should be aware of these behaviors in order to recommend good practices. The objective of this narrative review, based on the bibliography from PubMed Central, SciELO, national and international recommendations, is to provide information and an update to health care providers on TikTok, its characteristics, and the recommendations for safe use.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Network communication digital platforms have revolutionized the way we communicate, get information, and entertain ourselves; they have had a major impact on the new generations. The pandemic has increased consumption patterns at all ages and its consequences: a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, sleep, psychological, cognitive, memory/attention, and academic performance disorders, problematic behaviors, and risks of cyberbullying. The activity of the new generations on TikTok -a platform that allows them to create, view, share videos and viral challenges- has affected their behavior. Their posts lead to likes, comments, and followers; this stimulates the dopaminergic reward system, which is the basis of addictive behaviors. Pediatricians should be aware of these behaviors in order to recommend good practices. The objective of this narrative review, based on the bibliography from PubMed Central, SciELO, national and international recommendations, is to provide information and an update to health care providers on TikTok, its characteristics, and the recommendations for safe use.

Las plataformas digitales de comunicación en red revolucionaron el modo de comunicarnos, informarnos y entretenernos; impactaron principalmente en las nuevas generaciones. La pandemia incrementó los patrones de consumo en todas las edades y sus consecuencias: sedentarismo; obesidad; alteraciones del sueño, psicológicas, cognitivas, de la memoria/atención, del rendimiento académico; comportamientos problemáticos y riesgos de ciberacoso. La actividad de las nuevas generaciones en TikTok ­una plataforma donde pueden crear, visualizar, compartir videos y retos virales­ tiene impacto en su comportamiento. Sus publicaciones generan aprobaciones, comentarios y seguidores; esto estimula el circuito dopaminérgico de recompensa, que es la base de los comportamientos adictivos. El pediatra debe conocer estas conductas para recomendar buenas prácticas de uso. Esta revisión narrativa, basada en bibliografía de PubMed Central, SciELO, recomendaciones nacionales e internacionales, tiene como objetivo informar y actualizar a los profesionales sobre la plataforma, sus características y sus recomendaciones de uso seguro.

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Introducción: Internet es un recurso indispensable para las personas, permite acceder a contenidos académicos, comunicacionales, sociales y otros; sin embargo, su uso indiscriminado genera conductas antisociales, bajo rendimiento académico, inadecuadas relaciones interpersonales y costo social. Los adolescentes se encuentran en riesgo por estar en el proceso de madurez y desarrollo psicoemocional. Objetivo: Describir la relación entre la adicción a Internet y la madurez psicológica en adolescentes del Perú. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, diseño descriptivo correlacional, transversal en colegios de Lima, Cusco, Iquitos, Pucallpa, San Martin, Tacna y Tumbes, Lima-Perú, en el año 2019. Muestra de 1707 estudiantes de tercer, cuarto y quinto de secundaria. Se usó como técnica la encuesta y como instrumentos válidos y confiables el Test de Adicción a Internet y el Cuestionario de Madurez Psicológica. Los datos fueron procesados mediante programa Excel y SPSS versión 25. Para el análisis de datos se usó la estadística descriptiva e inferencial: Coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y U de Mann Whitney. Resultados: El nivel de adicción a Internet según dimensiones alcanzó nivel promedio en Costa, Sierra y Selva: tolerancia (57,67 por ciento, 56,08 por ciento, 38,78 por ciento), uso excesivo (58,20 por ciento, 42,91 por ciento, 44,27 por ciento), retirada (58,86 por ciento, 52,03 por ciento, 40,92 por ciento) y consecuencias negativas (59,13 por ciento, 52,71 por ciento, 49,31 por ciento); igualmente para madurez psicológica: orientación al trabajo (53,44 por ciento, 37,04 por ciento, 51,59 por ciento), autonomía (43,58, 34,46 por ciento, 45,95 por ciento) e identidad (65,50 por ciento, 53,74 por ciento, 57,25 por ciento). Conclusiones: Existe relación significativa e inversa entre la adicción a Internet y la madurez psicológica de los adolescentes, al igual que en todas sus dimensiones(AU)

Introduction: The Internet is an indispensable resource for people, since it allows access to academic, communicational, social and other contents. However, its indiscriminate use leads to antisocial behavior, poor academic performance and inadequate interpersonal relationships, as well as it has social costs. Adolescents are at risk because they are in the process of maturity and psychoemotional development. Objective: To describe the relationship between Internet addiction and psychological maturity in adolescents in Peru. Methods: Quantitative study, with a descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional design, carried out in 2019 in schools from Lima, Cusco, Iquitos, Pucallpa, San Martin, Tacna and Tumbes, Lima-Peru. The sample was made up of 1707 students in their third, fourth or fifth high school years. The survey was used as a technique, while the Internet Addiction Test and the Psychological Maturity Questionnaire were used as valid and reliable tools. The data were processed using Excel and the SPSS (version 25). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis: Pearson's correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney U. Results: Internet addiction, according to the analyzed dimensions, reached the average level in Costa, Sierra and Selva: tolerance (57.67 percent, 56.08 percent, 38.78 percent), excessive use (58.20 percent, 42.91 percent, 44.27 percent), withdrawal (58.86 percent, 52.03 percent, 40.92 percent) and negative consequences (59.13 percent, 52.71 percent, 49.31 percent). The same phenomenon manifested for psychological maturity: work orientation (53.44 percent, 37.04 percent, 51.59 percent), autonomy (43.58, 34.46 percent, 45.95 percent) and identity (65.50 percent, 53.74 percent, 57.25 percent). Conclusions: There is a significant and inverse relationship between Internet addiction and psychological maturity in adolescents, as well as in all its dimensions(AU)

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Families' health, safety, and economic stability were jeopardized during the pandemic. Parental stress is a risk factor for hostile and less supportive parenting. Parenting styles are a set of attitudes, feelings and behaviors related to parenting that modulate the child's psychosocial functioning and might impact on the adaptability to a stressful time. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the group differences among children raised by negative and positive parenting families during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We have done an online survey with 329 parents. Parents answer about parenting strategies and styles, children's behavior, Covid related questions, socio-economic information, sleep and gaming disorders. RESULTS: Parents' frequent use of negative strategies were a risk factor to have a negative outcome related to mental health, games, sleep, and children behavior. DISCUSSION: Parenting strategies are some targets pointed in this study for intervention. Parents' styles and strategies training to better manage children might be even more important to avoid negative consequences for children in stressful times.

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Este estudo buscou descrever e comparar práticas educativas e comportamentos infantis em crianças diferenciadas por problema de comportamento, escolaridade e sexo. Participaram 155 mães de crianças da rede pública de ensino, em idade pré-escolar ou escolar, de ambos os sexos, que responderam aos instrumentos CBCL, RE-HSE-P. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste t de Student. O estudo encontrou que meninos e crianças com problemas de comportamento são mais expostas às práticas negativas e as mães se queixam mais frequentemente de seus comportamentos. Por outro lado, as meninas obtiveram maiores médias para habilidades sociais e práticas positivas. Foram encontradas práticas específicas e comportamentos infantis mais frequentes para grupos diferenciados pelo sexo ou pelo diagnóstico de problemas de comportamento, tanto do ensino infantil quanto do fundamental. Análises como essas podem colaborar para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de intervenção para grupos focais.

This study aimed to describe and compare educational practices and child behaviors in children differentiated by behavior problem, education and sex. The participants were 155 mothers of children from the public school system, in preschool and school age, of both sexes, who answered the CBCL, RE-HSE-P instruments. The data were analyzed through test t of Student. The study found that boys and children with behavior problems are more exposed to negative practices and mothers complain more often about their behaviors. In contrast, the girls obtained higher averages for social skills and positive practices. Specific practices and more frequent child behaviors were found for groups differentiated by sex or diagnosis of behavioral problems, both in early childhood education and elementary school. Such analyzes can contribute to the development of intervention strategies for focus groups.

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A dermatite atópica é uma doença crônica de pele que se manifesta na infância. A desobediência é uma queixa comum entre os pais dessas crianças. Pesquisas apontam que inúmeros eventos antecedentes podem influenciar a desobediência. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da manipulação da atenção parental e da dificuldade da tarefa, como eventos antecedentes, no comportamento de desobediência de cinco crianças com dermatite atópica. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de multielementos. Os resultados demonstram que a manipulação de tais variáveis alterou as respostas de desobediência para três das cinco crianças. Sugere-se a necessidade de inclusão dessas variáveis na avaliação, prevenção e intervenção de crianças atópicas cujos pais se queixam de desobediência.

The atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin disease which manifests in childhood. Noncompliance is a common parent's complaint of atopic children. Studies have shown that several antecedent variables can influence noncompliance. The present study aimed to examine the effects of parental attention and task difficult, on noncompliance behavior of five preschoolers' children with atopic dermatitis. The experimental design was the multielement. The results showed that the manipulation of these variables changed noncompliance responses in three of the five children. It suggests the need of including these variables to assess, to prevent and to intervene in children with atopic dermatitis described as noncompliance by their parents.

La dermatopatia es una enfermedad crónica de piel que ocurre en la infancia. La desobediencia es una queja común entre los padres de niños con dermatopatias. Estudios indican que numerosos eventos antecedentes pueden influenciar en la desobediencia. El presente estudio objetivó evaluar el efecto de la manipulación de la atención parental y de la dificultad de la tarea, como eventos antecedentes, en la desobediencia de niños con dermatopatias. El diseño experimental utilizado fuera el multielementos. Los resultados indicaron que la manipulación de las variables alteró las respuestas de desobediencia para tres dos cinco niños evaluados. Sugiere incluir estas variables en la evaluación, prevención e intervención de niños con dermatopatias y desobediencia.

RESUMO

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de crianças indicadas por suas professoras na Educação Infantil (EI) como apresentando problemas de comportamento (Grupo IPC) ou comportamentos socialmente habilidosos (Grupo ICSH), em dois momentos: quando tinham cinco anos e quando tinham 10 anos. Participaram 48 professoras de 62 crianças de ambos os sexos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram Questionário de Respostas Socialmente Habilidosas para Professores e Escala Comportamental Infantil B. Os resultados indicaram diminuição dos problemas de comportamento e aumento dos comportamentos socialmente adequados no grupo IPC; os grupos eram bastante diferentes na primeira avaliação, quando na EI, mas as mudanças se atenuaram no ensino fundamental. Em ambas as avaliações, as crianças do Grupo ICSH foram avaliadas como mais habilidosas.(AU)

The aim of this study was to assess the development of children whose primary teachers believed they had behavioral problems (IPC Group) compared to socially skilled children (ICSH Group). They were assessed in two occasions: when they were five years old and when they were 10 years old. Forty-eight teachers and 62 children of both genders participated in the study. The instruments used were the Teacher's Questionnaire for Socially Skilled Responses and the Child Behavior Scale B. In the results, the IPC Group showed a decrease of behavior problems and an increase in socially appropriate behavior. The groups were quite different in the first assessment, but their behaviors became more similar in elementary school. In both assessments, children in ICSH Group were assessed as more socially skilled.(AU)

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O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de crianças indicadas por suas professoras na Educação Infantil (EI) como apresentando problemas de comportamento (Grupo IPC) ou comportamentos socialmente habilidosos (Grupo ICSH), em dois momentos: quando tinham cinco anos e quando tinham 10 anos. Participaram 48 professoras de 62 crianças de ambos os sexos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram Questionário de Respostas Socialmente Habilidosas para Professores e Escala Comportamental Infantil B. Os resultados indicaram diminuição dos problemas de comportamento e aumento dos comportamentos socialmente adequados no grupo IPC; os grupos eram bastante diferentes na primeira avaliação, quando na EI, mas as mudanças se atenuaram no ensino fundamental. Em ambas as avaliações, as crianças do Grupo ICSH foram avaliadas como mais habilidosas.

The aim of this study was to assess the development of children whose primary teachers believed they had behavioral problems (IPC Group) compared to socially skilled children (ICSH Group). They were assessed in two occasions: when they were five years old and when they were 10 years old. Forty-eight teachers and 62 children of both genders participated in the study. The instruments used were the Teacher's Questionnaire for Socially Skilled Responses and the Child Behavior Scale B. In the results, the IPC Group showed a decrease of behavior problems and an increase in socially appropriate behavior. The groups were quite different in the first assessment, but their behaviors became more similar in elementary school. In both assessments, children in ICSH Group were assessed as more socially skilled.

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