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To investigate the potential relationship between HLA alleles and haplotypes and the age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1DAgeD) in an admixed Brazilian population. This nationwide study was conducted in public clinics across 12 Brazilian cities. We collected demographic and genetic data from 1,600 patients with T1D. DNA samples were utilised to determine genomic ancestry (GA) and perform HLA typings for DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1. We explored allele and haplotype frequencies and GA in patients grouped by T1DAgeD categories (<6 years, ≥6-<11 years, ≥11-<19 years and ≥19 years) through univariate and multivariate analyses and primary component analyses. Additionally, we considered self-reported colour-race and identified a familiar history of T1D in first-degree relatives. The homozygosity index for DRB1~DQA1~DQB1 haplotypes exhibited the highest variation among T1DAgeD groups, and the percentages of Sub-Saharan African and European ancestries showed opposite trends in principal component analysis (PCA) analyses. Regarding the association of alleles and haplotypes with T1DAgeD, risk alleles such as HLA-DQB1*03:02g, -DQA1*03:01g, -02:01g, DRB1*04:05g and -04:02g were more frequently observed in heterozygosity or homozygosity in T1D patients with an early disease onset. Conversely, alleles such as DRB1*07:01g, -13:03g, DQB1*06:02g and DQA1*02:01 were more prevalent in older T1D patients. The combination DR3/DR4.5 was significantly associated with early disease onset. However, gender, GA, familiar history of T1D and self-reported colour-race identity did not exhibit significant associations with the onset of T1D. It is worth noting that the very common risk haplotype DRB1*03:01g~DQA1*05:01g~DQB1*02:01g did not differentiate between T1DAgeD groups. In the admixed Brazilian population, the high-risk haplotype DRB1*04:05~DQA1*03:01~DQB1*03:02 was more prevalent in individuals diagnosed before 6 years of age. In contrast, the protective alleles DQA1*01:02g, DQB1*06:02g, DRB1*07:01g and DRB1*13:03g and haplotypes DRB1*13:03g~DQA1*05:01g~DQB1*03:01g and DRB1*16:02g~DQA1*01:02g~DQB1*05:02g were more frequently observed in patients diagnosed in adulthood. Notably, these associations were independent of factors such as sex, economic status, GA, familiar history of T1D and region of birth in Brazil. These alleles and haplotypes contribute to our understanding of the disease onset heterogeneity and may have implications for early interventions when detected in association with well-known genomic risk or protection factors for T1D.
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Alelos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Frequência do Gene , Haplótipos , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/diagnóstico , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Adulto Jovem , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Cadeias HLA-DRB1/genética , Cadeias alfa de HLA-DQ/genética , Cadeias beta de HLA-DQ/genética , Idade de Início , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Verbal communication has key information for mental health evaluation. Researchers have linked psychopathology phenomena to some of their counterparts in natural-language-processing (NLP). We study the characterization of subtle impairments presented in early stages of psychosis, developing new analysis techniques and a comprehensive map associating NLP features with the full range of clinical presentation. METHODS: We used NLP to assess elicited and free-speech of 60 individuals in at-risk-mental-states (ARMS) and 73 controls, screened from 4,500 quota-sampled Portuguese speaking citizens in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Psychotic symptoms were independently assessed with Structured-Interview-for-Psychosis-Risk-Syndromes (SIPS). Speech features (e.g.sentiments, semantic coherence), including novel ones, were correlated with psychotic traits (Spearman's-ρ) and ARMS status (general linear models and machine-learning ensembles). RESULTS: NLP features were informative inputs for classification, which presented 86% balanced accuracy. The NLP features brought forth (e.g. Semantic laminarity as 'perseveration', Semantic recurrence time as 'circumstantiality', average centrality in word repetition graphs) carried most information and also presented direct correlations with psychotic symptoms. Out of the standard measures, grammatical tagging (e.g. use of adjectives) was the most relevant. CONCLUSION: Subtle speech impairments can be grasped by sensitive methods and used for ARMS screening. We sketch a blueprint for speech-based evaluation, pairing features to standard thought disorder psychometric items.
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This work assessed the psychosocial risks of 124 workers from the plywood industry in Ecuador's Amazon region. Two psychosocial risk assessment (PRA) methods were selected due to their widespread use in Ecuadorian organisations: FPSICO from the Spanish National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the "Psychosocial Risk Assessment Questionnaire" (PRAQ) from the Ecuadorian Labour Ministry. Therefore, two surveys of 89 and 58 items were applied to evaluate nine scales and eight risk dimensions for FPSICO and PRAQ, respectively. Results show that according to FPSICO, the main psychosocial risks were detected in the scales of working time (WT), variety and content (VC), and workload (WL), with a prevalence of 34.8 % and 41.7 %. For PRAQ, the margin of action and control (D4), load and work rate (D1), and leadership (D3) were the most affected dimensions, with a risk prevalence between 29.1 % and 43.6 %. Although there is a lower risk prevalence in the rest of the scales and dimensions assessed, improvement actions are needed in the short term. Furthermore, the findings suggest an association between gender and risk prevalence, especially in the dimensions of Leadership (D3), Skills development (D2), and Self-perceived health (D8.8), where being a woman increases the likelihood of suffering from these conditions by up to three times. In addition, a brief comparative analysis was conducted, looking for coincidences in the scales that each PRA instrument assesses and the prevalence of the psychosocial risks detected.
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This research aimed to develop natural plant systems to serve as biological sentinels for the detection of organophosphate pesticides in the environment. The working hypothesis was that the presence of the pesticide in the environment caused changes in the content of pigments and in the photosynthetic functioning of the plant, which could be evaluated non-destructively through the analysis of reflected light and emitted fluorescence. The objective of the research was to furnish in vivo indicators derived from spectroscopic parameters, serving as early alert signals for the presence of organophosphates in the environment. In this context, the effects of two pesticides, Chlorpyrifos and Dimethoate, on the spectroscopic properties of aquatic plants (Vallisneria nana and Spathyfillum wallisii) were studied. Chlorophyll-a variable fluorescence allowed monitoring both pesticides' presence before any damage was observed at the naked eye, with the analysis of the fast transient (OJIP curve) proving more responsive than Kautsky kinetics, steady-state fluorescence, or reflectance measurements. Pesticides produced a decrease in the maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, in the proportion of PSII photochemical deexcitation relative to PSII non photochemical decay and in the probability that trapped excitons moved electrons into the photosynthetic transport chain beyond QA-. Additionally, an increase in the proportion of absorbed energy being dissipated as heat rather than being utilized in the photosynthetic process, was notorious. The pesticides induced a higher deactivation of chlorophyll excited states by photophysical pathways (including fluorescence) with a decrease in the quantum yields of photosystem II and heat dissipation by non-photochemical quenching. The investigated aquatic plants served as sentinels for the presence of pesticides in the environment, with the alert signal starting within the first milliseconds of electronic transport in the photosynthetic chain. Organophosphates damage animals' central nervous systems similarly to certain compounds found in chemical weapons, thus raising the possibility that sentinel plants could potentially signal the presence of such weapons.
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Clorofila , Clorpirifos , Clorofila/metabolismo , Clorofila/química , Clorpirifos/metabolismo , Clorpirifos/toxicidade , Fluorescência , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Praguicidas/metabolismo , Fotossíntese/efeitos dos fármacos , Dimetoato/toxicidade , Dimetoato/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema II/metabolismo , Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema II/química , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Clorofila A/metabolismo , Clorofila A/química , Cinética , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismoRESUMO
Este artigo, por meio de aproximação genealógica, buscou investigar o que chamaremos de pistas genealó-gicas do equipamento Consultório na Rua em município de médio porte no Sul do Brasil. Para o percurso da pesquisa, junto a uma vivência em um Consultório na Rua, nesse município do país, foram realizados entrevistas e levantamentos de documentos. Na investigação foi possível encontrar pistas que apontam para uma produção de criminalização e assimilação histórica dos viventes da rua pelo Estado brasileiro, de maneira que esses pontos precisam ser discutidos e problematizados para que tais regimes de verdade não sejam norteadores das políticas públicas para tais pessoas.
This article, employing a genealogical approach, aimed to examine the genealogical traces of the Street Clinic equipment in a medium-sized city in Brazil's southern region. In order to follow the path of the research, along with an experience in a Street Clinic in a Brazilian city, interviews and document surveys were conducted. In the investigation, it was possible to find elements of the production of criminalization and historical assimilation by the Brazilian State that need to be discussed and problematized so that such regimes of truth are not guiding the production of health care for people experiencing homelessness.
Este artículo, a través de un abordaje genealógico, buscó investigar pistas genealógicas del Consultorio en la Calle en una ciudad de tamaño medio en el sur de Brasil. Para el transcurso de la investigación, junto con una experiencia en un Consultorio en la Calle en un municipio de tamaño medio en el sur de Brasil, se efectuaron entrevistas y encuestas documentales. En la investigación, fue posible encontrar pistas que apuntan a una producción de criminalización y asimilación histórica de las personas en situación de calle por parte del Estado brasileño, por lo que estos puntos necesitan ser discutidos y problematizados para que tales regímenes de verdad no guíen políticas públicas para dicha población.
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Atenção Primária à Saúde , Apoio Social , Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , Política de Saúde , Classe Social , Sistema Único de Saúde , Colaboração Intersetorial , Comportamento Criminoso , AculturaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Preoperative anxiety in children causes negative postoperative outcomes. Parental presence at induction is a non-pharmacological strategy for relieving anxiety; nevertheless, it is not always possible or effective, namely when parents are overly anxious. Parental presence via video has been demonstrated to be useful in other contexts (divorce, criminal court). This study reports the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effect of video parental presence and parental coaching at induction on preoperative anxiety. METHODS: The study was a randomized, 2 × 2 factorial design trial examining parental presence (virtual vs. physical) and coaching (provided vs. not provided). Feasibility was assessed by enrollment rate, attrition rate, compliance, and staff satisfaction with virtual method with the NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and System Usability Scale (SUS). For the children's anxiety and postoperative outcomes, the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) and Post-Hospitalization Behavioral Questionnaire (PHBQ) were used. Parental anxiety was evaluated with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 41 parent/patient dyads were recruited. The enrollment rate was 32.2%, the attrition rate 25.5%. Compliance was 87.8% for parents and 85% for staff. The SUS was 67.5/100 and 63.5/100 and NASA-TLX was 29.2 (21.5-36.8) and 27.6 (8.2-3.7) for the anesthesiologists and induction nurses, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found in mYPAS, PHBQ and STAI. CONCLUSION: A randomized controlled trial to explore virtual parental presence effect on preoperative anxiety is feasible. Further studies are needed to investigate its role and the role of parent coaching in reducing preoperative anxiety.
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Ansiedade , Estudos de Viabilidade , Pais , Humanos , Masculino , Pais/psicologia , Ansiedade/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Projetos Piloto , Criança , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Tutoria/métodos , Pré-Escolar , AdultoRESUMO
Currently, it is known that angiotensin II (AngII) induces inflammation, and an AT1R blockade has anti-inflammatory effects. The use of an AT1 receptor antagonist promotes the inhibition of the secretion of multiple proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages, as well as a decrease in the concentration of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of AT1 receptor gene silencing on the modulation of cytokines (e.g., IL-1ß, TNF-α, and IL-10) in THP-1 macrophages and the relation to the gene expression of NF-κB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the gene expression of PPAR-γ in THP-1 macrophages using PMA (60 ng/mL). For the silencing, cells were incubated with the siRNA for 72 h and telmisartan (10 µM) was added to the medium for 24 h. After that, cells were incubated during 1 and 24 h, respectively, with Ang II (1 µM). The gene expression levels of AT1R, NF-κB, and cytokines (IL-1ß, TNF-α, and IL-10) were measured by RT-qPCR. RESULTS: We observed that silencing of the AT1 receptor causes a decrease in the expression of mRNA of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß and TNF-α), NF-κB, and PPAR-γ. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that AT1R gene silencing is an alternative to modulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1ß via NF-κB in macrophages and having high blood pressure decrease.
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Abstract: Renin-angiotensin system plays a critical role in blood pressure control, and the abnormal activation of the AT1 receptor contributes to the development of renovascular hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the underlying cellular signaling for AT1 receptor activation by Ang II and to compare this mechanism between aortas from 2K-1C and 2K rats. Effects of antagonists and inhibitors were investigated on Ang II-induced contractions in denuded or intact-endothelium aortas. The AT1 receptor antagonist abolished Ang II-induced contraction in 2K-1C and 2K rat aortas, while AT2 and Mas receptors antagonists had no effect. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibition increased the maximal effect (Emax) of Ang II in 2K, which was not changed in 2K-1C aortas. It was associated with lower eNOS mRNA levels in 2K-1C. Endothelium removal increased the Emax of Ang II in 2K-1C and mainly in 2K rat aortas. Nox and COX inhibition did not alter Ang II-induced contraction in 2K and 2K-1C rat aortas. However, AT1 expression was higher in 2K-1C compared to 2K rat aortic rings, whereas expression of phosphorylated (active) IP3 receptors was lower in 2K-1C than in 2K rats. These results demonstrate that endothelium removal impairs Ang II-stimulated contraction in the aorta of 2K-1C rats, which is associated with the reduction of IP3 receptor phosphorylation and activation. In addition, eNOS plays a critical role in Ang II-induced contraction in 2K rat aortas. It is possible that the high Ang II plasma levels could desensitize AT1 receptor in 2K-1C rats, leading to impaired IP3 receptors activation.
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BACKGROUND: Prenatal exposure to the Zika virus can lead to microcephaly and adverse developmental outcomes, even in children without evident birth defects. The social environment plays a crucial role in infant health and developmental trajectories, especially during periods of heightened brain plasticity. The study aimed to assess socioenvironmental factors as predictors of developmental outcomes of 36-month-old children exposed to Zika virus prenatally. STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study included 53 mothers and 55 children enrolled in the Pediatric Outcomes of Prenatal Zika Exposure cohort study in Puerto Rico. The study performs follow-up developmental assessments of children born to mothers with confirmed and probable Zika virus infection during pregnancy. Mothers completed socioenvironmental questionnaires (e.g., Perceived Neighborhood Scale and US Household Food Insecurity Survey). Children's developmental outcomes were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development: Third Edition, the Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Third Edition, the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-Socioemotional: Second Edition, and the Child Adjustment and Parent Efficacy Scale. RESULTS: Linear regression models, adjusting for a child's sex and age and maternal education, revealed that early life exposure to food insecurity and maternal pregnancy stressors were significantly associated with poorer developmental outcomes in Zika virus-exposed children at 36 months of age. Maternal resilience representation of adaptive ability was associated with the preservation of adequate developmental outcomes in children. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy and early childhood are critical life periods for ensuring optimal brain development in children. While the mechanisms in the interaction of children with their environment are complex, the risk and protective factors identified in the study are modifiable through public policy and preventive initiatives. Implementation of comprehensive strategies that improve access to social support programs, educational and nutritional interventions, and mental health services during pregnancy and early childhood can enhance the developmental potential of vulnerable children.
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Desenvolvimento Infantil , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Meio Social , Infecção por Zika virus , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Estudos Transversais , Porto Rico , Pré-Escolar , Masculino , Adulto , LactenteRESUMO
Laccase is an exothermic enzyme with copper in its structure and has an important role in biodegradation by providing oxidation of phenolic compounds and aromatic amines and decomposing lignin. The aim of this study is to reach maximum laccase enzyme activity with minimum cost and energy through optimization studies of Proteusmirabilis isolated from treatment sludge of a textile factory. In order to increase the laccase enzyme activities of the isolates, medium and culture conditions were optimized with the study of carbon (Glucose, Fructose, Sodium Acetate, Carboxymethylcellulose, Xylose) and nitrogen sources (Potassium nitrate, Yeast Extract, Peptone From Soybean, Bacteriological Peptone), incubation time, pH, temperature and Copper(II) sulfate concentration then according to the results obtained. Response Surface Method (RSM) was performed on six different variables with three level. According to the data obtained from the RSM, the maximum laccase enzyme activity is reached at pH 7.77, temperature 30.03oC, 0.5 g/L CuSO4, 0.5 g/L fructose and 0.082 g/L yeast extract conditions. After all, the laccase activity increased 2.7 times. As a result, laccase activity of P. mirabilis can be increased by optimization studies. The information obtained as a result of the literature studies is that the laccase enzymes produced in laboratory and industrial scale are costly and their amounts are low. This study is important in terms of obtaining more laccase activity from P.mirabilis with less cost and energy.
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Meios de Cultura , Lacase , Proteus mirabilis , Esgotos , Temperatura , Indústria Têxtil , Lacase/metabolismo , Proteus mirabilis/enzimologia , Proteus mirabilis/isolamento & purificação , Proteus mirabilis/metabolismo , Proteus mirabilis/genética , Esgotos/microbiologia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Meios de Cultura/química , Resíduos Industriais , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Carbono/metabolismo , Biodegradação AmbientalRESUMO
There are no studies regarding the estimation of genetic parameters and genetic trends for reproductive traits and somatic cells in goats. Their knowledge allows optimization of selection schemes. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and genetic and phenotypic trends for age at first kidding (AFK), kidding interval (KIN) and somatic cell score (SCS). Analyses were conducted within and across seven US goat breeds, namely, Nubian (NU), Alpine (AL), LaMancha (LM), Toggenburg (TO), Saanen (SA), Nigerian Dwarf (ND) and Oberhasli (OB), and a set of all of these breeds (AB). The restricted maximum likelihood methodology and trivariate animal models were used. Genetic and phenotypic trends were estimated using regression models. The average and standard deviation of AFK, KIN and SCS for AB were 573.6 ± 178.5 days, 418.8 ± 125.5 days and 4.67 ± 2.23 Log2, respectively. The heritabilities (h2) and standard errors of AFK, KIN and SCS for AB were 0.28 ± 0.02, 0.04 ± 0.02 and 0.22 ± 0.01, respectively. The h2 ranged from 0.15 (SA) to 0.37 (NU) for AFK, from 0.04 (AB) to 0.10 (AL) for KIN, and from 0.11 (TO) to 0.26 (LM and ND) for SCS. Genetic correlations between AFK and KIN and between AFK and SCS for AB were positive and weak (0.07 and 0.12, respectively) but significant (P < 0.01). Genetic correlations between SCS and KIN were significant (P < 0.01) for all the breeds and ranged from -0.15 (NU) to 0.44 (AL). Genetic correlations between AFK and SCS in the NU and AL breeds were similar (approximately 0.21). A positive genetic trend was found for KIN in the SA breed, which caused an increase in the number of days between consecutive kiddings. The genetic trend of SCS for the NU, AL and ND breeds was negative and decreased annually, which is beneficial for producers. These first results show the intensity and direction of some favorable/unfavorable relationships between AFK or KIN and SCS Log2 in some U.S. goat genetic groups.
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Cabras , Reprodução , Animais , Cabras/genética , Feminino , Cruzamento , Fenótipo , Estados Unidos , Masculino , Indústria de LaticíniosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between subclinical hypothyroidism with early menopause, premature menopause, and last menstrual bleeding before the natural age of menopause. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 643 postmenopausal women aged 40-69 years. Groups were formed according to last menstrual episode: ≥45 [Natural age at menopause], 40-44 and [Early menopause], <40 [Premature menopause], and <45 [last menstrual episode before the natural age of menopause]. The Zulewski scale was applied to identify manifestations related to hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism, diagnosed with a serum TSH > 4.5 µIU/mL plus T4-free between 0.7 and 1.9 ng/dL. RESULTS: It was found that 24.4% had the last menstrual episode before the natural age of menopause, 18.6% had early menopause, and 5.7% had premature menopause. Subclinical hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 4.5% of patients. Among women with subclinical hypothyroidism, there was a higher frequency of early menopause, premature menopause, and last menstrual episode before the natural age of menopause, than in women without subclinical hypothyroidism (p < 0.05). Paresthesia (50%) and dry skin (40.7%) were the most reported hypothyroidism-related manifestations. Early menopause, premature menopause, and last menstrual episode before the natural age of menopause were associated with subclinical hypothyroidism, OR: 3.37 [95% CI: 1.40-8.10], OR: 4.31 [95% CI: 1.24-14.97], and OR: 3.57 [95% CI: 1.57-8.10], respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The last menstrual episode before the natural age of menopause, early menopause, and premature menopause were significantly associated with a higher chance of subclinical hypothyroidism.
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Hipotireoidismo , Menopausa Precoce , Humanos , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Tireotropina , Hipotireoidismo/complicações , Hipotireoidismo/epidemiologia , MenopausaRESUMO
Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) have been effective light sources in attracting Anopheles mosquitoes, but the broad-spectrum white light, even with a wide-ranging application in lighting, have not been evaluated yet. In this study, the white light was field evaluated against the green one in the light trapping of anopheline mosquitoes by using two non-suction Silva traps and two CDC-type suction light traps. Anopheline mosquitoes were captured for two 21-night periods of collecting (2022 and 2023). In the first period, two LEDs were used per Silva trap, but three were used in the second one to increase the luminance/illuminance at traps. A CDC-type suction light trap equipped with an incandescent lamp was used in 2022 and a CDC-type suction light trap equipped with a 6 V-white light (higher luminance/illuminance) in 2023. A total of eight species and 3,289 specimens were captured in both periods. The most frequent species were Anopheles triannulatus s.l., An. goeldii, An. evansae and An. argyritarsis. In 2022, white LEDs were less attractive to anopheline mosquitoes than the other light sources, but without statistical difference among treatments (F = 2.703; P = 0.0752; df = 2). In 2023, even with an increased luminance/illuminance at traps, no statistical difference was found between the two LED-baited Silva traps (F = 6.690; P = 0.0024; df = 2), but rather between the 6 V-white-baited CDC-type suction light trap and green-baited Silva traps. Due to some drawbacks and the lower abundance of individuals caught by using white LEDs, the narrow-banded green LEDs is preferable to white ones for attracting anophelines.
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Anopheles , Luz , Controle de Mosquitos , Animais , Anopheles/fisiologia , Anopheles/efeitos da radiação , Controle de Mosquitos/métodos , Controle de Mosquitos/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global concern due to its widespread prevalence and morbidity. Identifying protective factors in high-risk individuals, including those with a familial predisposition, maltreatment history, and socio-economic vulnerabilities, is crucial. METHODS: We assessed a high-risk subsample within a young adult population cohort (n = 791; mean age = 31.94 [SD = 2.18]) across three waves. Using multiple regression models to analyse higher education, feeling supported, spirituality, psychotherapy access, higher socioeconomic status, involvement in activities, cohabitation, and family unity in Waves 1 and 2, and their association with MDD resilience at Wave 3. RESULTS: In the high-risk group, MDD incidence was 13.7% (n=24). Paternal support had a protective effect on MDD incidence (OR = 0.366; 95% CI [0.137 to 0.955], p = 0.040) and suicidal attempt risk (OR = 0.380; 95% CI [0.150 to 0.956], p = 0.038). Higher resilience scores were also protective (OR = 0.975; 95% CI [0.953 to 0.997], p = 0.030), correlating with reduced BDI (r = 0.0484; B = -0.2202; 95% CI [-0.3572 to -0.0738]; p = 0.003) and MADRS scores (r = 0.0485; B = -0.2204; 95% CI [-0.3574 to -0.0741]; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Our paper emphasizes reorienting the MDD approach, focusing on positive prevention strategies. It highlights fathers' crucial role in family-based interventions and promoting resilience in high-risk populations.
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Fourth-generation synchrotron storage rings represent a significant milestone in synchrotron technology, offering outstandingly bright and tightly focused X-ray beams for a wide range of scientific applications. However, due to their inherently tight magnetic lattices, these storage rings have posed critical challenges for accessing lower-energy radiation, such as infrared (IR) and THz. Here the first-ever IR beamline to be installed and to operate at a fourth-generation synchrotron storage ring is introduced. This work encompasses several notable advancements, including a thorough examination of the new IR source at Sirius, a detailed description of the radiation extraction scheme, and the successful validation of our optical concept through both measurements and simulations. This optimal optical setup has enabled us to achieve an exceptionally wide frequency range for our nanospectroscopy experiments. Through the utilization of synchrotron IR nanospectroscopy on biological and hard matter samples, the practicality and effectiveness of this beamline has been successfully demonstrated. The advantages of fourth-generation synchrotron IR sources, which can now operate with unparalleled stability as a result of the stringent requirements for producing low-emittance X-rays, are emphasized.
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O objetivo do presente artigo foi realizar uma cartografia de um Consultório na Rua, durante o período da pandemia de covid-19. A cartografia foi produzida por uma vivência no consultório de um município de grande porte no sul do Brasil, de agosto de 2021 a janeiro de 2022. Foi perceptível que a locomoção e o funcionamento do serviço reconhecem outros territórios das Pessoas em Situação de Rua, muitas vezes não percebidos por outros pontos do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foram encontradas tanto as barreiras já estabelecidas historicamente quanto as emergentes da pandemia. Foi vivenciado que a esta população não utiliza o território do modo que a cidade racionalizada planeja, sendo, portanto, singular. O reconhecimento do serviço, aliado à compreensão de como as Pessoas em Situação de Rua vivem no território urbano, em cada realidade, mostrou-se essencial para a produção de cuidado.
The objective of this article was to conduct a cartographic study of a street clinic during the covid-19 pandemic. The cartography was based on an experiential approach in a street clinic located in a major city in southern Brazil, between August 2021 and January 2022. It became evident that the flows and operation of the service acknowledged the alternative territories inhabited by the homeless population, often overlooked by other parts of Brazil's Unified Health System. Both historically established barriers and those emerging from the pandemic were encountered. It was observed that the homeless population does not conform to rationalized urban plans, displaying unique patterns of engagement with the urban territory. Recognizing the significance of the service, coupled with a comprehensive understanding of the unique living conditions of homeless individuals, proved indispensable for the provision of effective care.
El objetivo de este artículo fue realizar una cartografía de un Consultorio en la Calle durante el período de la pandemia del covid-19. La cartografía fue producida por una experiencia en un Consultorio en la Calle en una gran ciudad del sur de Brasil, de agosto de 2021 a enero de 2022. Se pudo observar que la locomoción y operación del servicio reconocen otros territorios habitados por personas en situación de calle, a menudo no percibidos por otros puntos del Sistema Único de Salud. Se encontraron barreras, tanto históricamente establecidas como emergentes debido a la pandemia. Se constató que la población en situación de calle no utiliza el territorio de la forma planificada por la ciudad racionalizada. El reconocimiento del servicio, junto con la comprensión de cómo viven las personas en situación de calle en el territorio urbano en cada realidad, se mostró fundamental para la producción del cuidado.
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Humanos , Política Pública , Pessoas Mal Alojadas , COVID-19 , Qualidade Habitacional , Vulnerabilidade Social , PopulaçãoRESUMO
O sistema renina angiotensina (SRA) é de grande importância para o equilíbrio hídrico e regulação da pressão arterial do organismo, além de estar associado ao estimulo de vias próinflamatórias. Seu principal peptídeo é a angiotensina II, que interage principalmente com os receptores do tipo 1 (AT1) e do tipo 2 (AT2). Foi encontrado interrelação entre as doenças cardiovasculares e a periodontite. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os aspectos moleculares em camundongos submetidos a um modelo experimental de periodontite, observando a influência dos receptores de Ang II tipo 1 (AT1(-)) e Ang II tipo 2 (AT2(-)) na periodontite. Métodos: A periodontite experimental foi induzida colocando-se uma ligadura com fio de nylon 5.0 ao redor do segundo molar superior esquerdo de camundongos knockoutAT1(-), AT2(-) e selvagem (WT), subdivididos 2 grupos para cada linhagem: sem ligadura e ligadura, totalizando seis grupos: três controles e três experimentais. Após 15 dias da indução da doença os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia. Com o intuito de avaliar se as variações genéticas teriam influência sobre a periodontite foram realizadas as análises de citocinas, peptídeos e enzimas foram analisados a partir de tecidos gengivais por ELISA e RT-PCR. Resultados: Os animais WT e AT2(-) apresentaram resultados semelhantes em relação às citocinas IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, com aumento dos níveis em relação aos saudáveis (p < 0,001). Houve diferenças significativas em IL-ß entre os grupo AT1(-)-L e WT-L (p < 0,05), e em IL-6 e TNF-α os grupos AT1(-)-L apresentaram diferenças significativas (p < 0,001) tanto quando comparado aos grupo WT-L quanto aos grupos AT2(-)-L. Os níveis de IL-10 foram maiores em WT-L (p < 0,01), enquanto os grupos AT2(-) e AT1(-) não apresentaram alterações significativas em relação a essa citocina. Houve diferenças significativas em Angiotensina II entre os grupos AT2(-)-NL e AT2(-)-L (p < 0,01); e em Angiotensina 1-7 entre os grupos AT1(-)-L e AT2(-)-L (p < 0,05). Para TLR2 houve diferenças entre os grupos WT-NL/WT-L (p < 0,05); AT1(-)-NL/AT1(-)-L (p < 0,01) e AT2(-)-NL/AT2(-) - L (p < 0,01). Para o receptor MAS houve diferenças entre os grupos WT-NL/WT-L (p < 0,001) e AT2(-)-NL/AT2(-)-L (p < 0,001), e também em relação ao grupo WT-L/AT1(-)-L (p < 0,001) e AT1(-)-L/AT2(-)-L (p < 0,001). Para a expressão dos peptídeos ECA e ECA2, houve diferença estatística apenas para ECA entre os tipos de grupos WT-NL/WT-L (p < 0,001). Conclusão: Os animais do grupo AT1(-) apresentaram menor inflamação que as demais linhagens doentes, assim como uma menor expressão do receptor Mas e Ang 1-7. Além disso os animais dos grupos WT e AT2(-) demonstraram resultados próximos em diversas análises, evidenciando que o bloqueio do receptor AT1, sobre os efeitos moleculares, é mais positiva (AU).
The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is of great importance for water balance and regulation of blood pressure in the body, in addition to being associated with the stimulation of proinflammatory pathways. Its main peptide is angiotensin II, which interacts mainly with type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors. An interrelationship was found between cardiovascular diseases and periodontitis. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular aspects in mice subjected to an experimental model of periodontal disease, observing the influence of Ang II type 1 (AT1(-)) and Ang II type 2 (AT2(-)) receptors on periodontitis. Methods: Experimental periodontitis was induced by placing a ligature with 5.0 nylon thread around the upper left second molar of AT1(-), AT2(-) and wild-type (WT) knockout mice, subdivided into 2 groups for each strain: without ligation and ligation, totaling six groups: three controls and three experimental. After 15 days of disease induction, the animals were euthanized. In order to evaluate whether genetic variations would have an influence on periodontal disease, analyzes of cytokines were carried out, peptides and enzymes were analyzed from gingival tissues by ELISA and RT-PCR. Results: WT and AT2(-) animals showed similar results in relation to the cytokines IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, with increased levels compared to healthy ones (p < 0.001). There were significant differences in IL-ß between the AT1(-)-L and WT-L groups (p < 0.05), and in IL-6 and TNF-α the AT1(-)-L groups showed significant differences (p < 0.001) both when compared to the WT-L and AT2(-)-L groups. IL-10 levels were higher in WT-L (p < 0.01), while the AT2(-) and AT1(-) groups did not show significant changes in relation to this cytokine. There were significant differences in Angiotensin II between the AT2(-)-NL and AT2(-)-L groups (p < 0.01); and in Angiotensin 1-7 between the AT1(-)-L and AT2(-)-L groups (p < 0.05). For TLR2 there were differences between the WT-NL/WT-L groups (p < 0.05); AT1(-)-NL/AT1(-)-L (p < 0.01) and AT2(-)-NL/AT2(-)-L (p < 0.01). For the MAS receptor there were differences between the WT-NL/WT-L (p < 0.001) and AT2(-)-NL/AT2(- )-L (p < 0.001) groups, and also in relation to the WT-L group /AT1(-)-L (p < 0.001) and AT1(-)-L/AT2(-)-L (p < 0.001). For the expression of ACE and ACE2 peptides, there was a statistical difference only for ACE between the types of WT-NL/WT-L groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The animals in the AT1(-) group showed less inflammation than the other diseased lines, as well as a lower expression of the Mas and Ang 1-7 receptor. Furthermore, animals from the WT and AT2(-) groups demonstrated similar results in several analyses, showing that the blockade of the AT1 receptor, on molecular effects, is more positive (AU).
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Doenças Periodontais/patologia , Angiotensinas , Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor Tipo 2 de Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro/métodos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Análise de Variância , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
The short-tail yellownose skate, Zearaja brevicaudata, occurs off southern Brazil and along the Argentine continental shelf, including waters surrounding the Islas Malvinas and the upper slope, and is very frequently caught by trawl fisheries throughout its range. The age, growth, and maturity of Z. brevicaudata were investigated using 204 individuals collected by commercial fishing vessels from northern Argentina, between March 2016 and September 2019. Age was determined on a sample comprising vertebrae from 151 individuals, 60 males, ranging in size from 391 to 956 mm total length (TL), and 91 females, ranging in size from 324 to 1060 mm TL. Maximum ages determined for males and females were 22 and 29 years, respectively. A Bayesian framework was employed with a set of three candidate models to estimate growth parameters (von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and Logistic). The von Bertalanffy model had the best fit, and the sexes showed undistinguishable growth parameters. For sexes combined, derived growth mean parameters (± S.D.) were L∞ = 1081 mm ± 64.34 mm, k = 0.09 ± 0.01 years-1, and L0 = 248 mm ± 23.52 mm. The age at maturity was estimated at 13.15 and 14.66 years for males and females, respectively.
Assuntos
Rajidae , Animais , Rajidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Masculino , Feminino , Argentina , Características de História de Vida , Pesqueiros , Teorema de Bayes , Brasil , Maturidade Sexual , Tamanho CorporalRESUMO
Recent estimates of the size at first maturity (L50) of Sardinella brasiliensis showed contradictory results with a decreasing in the fish stock biomass encompassed by increasing values of L50. The methodological approach used hereby allowed to separate sardines classified in the virginal maturity stage from those categorized in the recovery stage, and ready for one next spawning event. This study evaluated the hypothesis of the existence of separated stocks experiencing distinct environmental conditions and fishing pressures which may have altered L50 estimates using a robust dataset based on biological samples collected along the entire species distribution area in the southeast-south Brazilian coast [Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR), Santa Catarina (SC) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS)] between 2000 and 2018. A reclassification of the gonadal maturity stages provided a more realistic estimate of L50. Combining biological, reproductive, fishing data and the mean temperature of the catch (MTC), the leave-one-out classification correctly re-assigned individuals with an overall accuracy of 85% [100% (RJ), 45% (SP), 99% (PR), 99% (SC) and 82% (RS)]. The connectivity between the local populations of S. brasiliensis off RJ (23°S) and the southern populations is limited, contrasting to spatial structured semi-discrete population-units found between SP and RS (24°S-30°S). The northern extreme population-unit (RJ, 22°S-23°S) showed an expressive reduction of L50, and a negative correlation was detected between the increasing MTC values and the abundance of early maturing individuals and recruits of the species. Stock specific L50 estimates seemed to act as indicators of long term environmental fluctuations.
Assuntos
Pesqueiros , Reprodução , Animais , Brasil , Gônadas , Peixes , Oceano AtlânticoRESUMO
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in blood pressure regulation. The RAS is a complex interconnected system composed of two axes with opposite effects. The pressor arm, represented by angiotensin (Ang) II and the AT1 receptor (AT1R), mediates the vasoconstrictor, proliferative, hypertensive, oxidative, and pro-inflammatory effects of the RAS, while the depressor/protective arm, represented by Ang-(1-7), its Mas receptor (MasR) and the AT2 receptor (AT2R), opposes the actions elicited by the pressor arm. The AT1R, AT2R, and MasR belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. GPCRs operate not only as monomers, but they can also function in dimeric (homo and hetero) or higher-order oligomeric states. Due to the interaction with other receptors, GPCR properties may change: receptor affinity, trafficking, signaling, and its biological function may be altered. Thus, heteromerization provides a newly recognized means of modulation of receptor function, as well as crosstalk between GPCRs. This review is focused on angiotensin receptors, and how their properties are influenced by crosstalk with other receptors, adding more complexity to an already complex system and potentially opening up new therapeutic approaches.