RESUMO

Objective: To identify the impact of redox imbalance on the clinical evolution of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and carry out a qualitative and quantitative projection of the benefits of vitamin D supplementation. Data sources: Combinations of the keywords polycystic ovary syndrome, vitamin D, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant, and free radicals were used in PubMed, Cochrane Library, LILACS, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. The last search was conducted on August 22, 2023.Selection of studies: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, studies were selected considering a low risk of bias, published in the last 5 years in English, which investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS, focusing on oxidative stress markers. Of the 136 articles retrieved, 6 intervention studies (445 women) were included. Data collection: The risk of bias in included studies was assessed using the Jadad scale, and analysis and visualization of continuous data were performed using Review Manager 5.4.1, summarized as standardized mean differences (SMD) with confidence intervals (CI) of 95%. Data synthesis: Vitamin D effectively reduced malondialdehyde (P=0.002) and total testosterone (P=0.0004) levels and increased total antioxidant capacity levels (P=0.01). Although possible improvements in the modified Ferriman-Gallwey hirsutism score, levels of sex hormone-binding globulin, and free androgen index were identified and the results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Vitamin D is a promising alternative for the treatment of PCOS with a positive influence on the oxidative, metabolic, and endocrine disorders of this syndrome.

Assuntos

Biomarcadores , Estresse Oxidativo , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico , Vitamina D , Feminino , Humanos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Suplementos Nutricionais , Irã (Geográfico) , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/metabolismo , Vitamina D/sangue , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem

RESUMO

Myocardial reperfusion injury (MRI) accounts for up to 50% of the final size in acute myocardial infarction and other conditions associated with ischemia-reperfusion. Currently, there is still no therapy to prevent MRI, but it is well known that oxidative stress has a key role in its mechanism. We previously reduced MRI in rats through a combined antioxidant therapy (CAT) of ascorbic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and deferoxamine. This study determines the safety and pharmacokinetics of CAT in a Phase I clinical trial. Healthy subjects (n = 18) were randomized 2:1 to CAT or placebo (NaCl 0.9% i.v.). Two different doses/infusion rates of CATs were tested in a single 90-minute intravenous infusion. Blood samples were collected at specific times for 180 minutes to measure plasma drug concentrations (ascorbic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and deferoxamine) and oxidative stress biomarkers. Adverse events were registered during infusion and followed for 30 days. Both CAT1 and CAT2 significantly increased the CAT drug concentrations compared to placebo (P < .05). Most of the pharmacokinetic parameters were similar between CAT1 and CAT2. In total, 6 adverse events were reported, all nonserious and observed in CAT1. The ferric-reducing ability of plasma (an antioxidant biomarker) increased in both CAT groups compared to placebo (P < .001). The CAT is safe in humans and a potential treatment for patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing reperfusion therapy.

Assuntos

Acetilcisteína , Antioxidantes , Ácido Ascórbico , Desferroxamina , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica , Estresse Oxidativo , Humanos , Antioxidantes/farmacocinética , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/efeitos adversos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Masculino , Acetilcisteína/administração & dosagem , Acetilcisteína/farmacocinética , Acetilcisteína/efeitos adversos , Ácido Ascórbico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacocinética , Ácido Ascórbico/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Desferroxamina/farmacocinética , Desferroxamina/administração & dosagem , Desferroxamina/efeitos adversos , Voluntários Saudáveis , Adulto Jovem , Infusões Intravenosas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Método Duplo-Cego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Biomarcadores/sangue

RESUMO

Chronic hypertension is a major risk factor for preeclampsia (PE), associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity. We previously demonstrated that pregnant stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) display a spontaneous PE-like phenotype with distinct placental, fetal, and maternal features. Here, we hypothesized that supplementation with alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a potent antioxidant, during early pregnancy could ameliorate the PE phenotype in this model. To test this hypothesis, timed pregnancies were established using 10 to 12-week-old SHRSP females (n = 19-16/group), which were assigned to two treatment groups: ALA (injected intraperitoneally with 25 mg/kg body weight ALA on gestation day (GD1, GD8, and GD12) or control, receiving saline following the same protocol. Our analysis of maternal signs showed that ALA prevented the pregnancy-dependent maternal blood pressure rise (GD14 blood pressure control 169.3 ± 19.4 mmHg vs. 146.1 ± 13.4 mmHg, p = 0.0001) and ameliorated renal function, as noted by the increased creatinine clearance and improved glomerular histology in treated dams. Treatment also improved the fetal growth restriction (FGR) phenotype, leading to increased fetal weights (ALA 2.19 ± 0.5 g vs. control 1.98 ± 0.3 g, p = 0.0074) and decreased cephalization indexes, indicating a more symmetric fetal growth pattern. This was associated with improved placental efficiency, decreased oxidative stress marker expression on GD14, and serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) levels on GD20. In conclusion, ALA supplementation mitigated maternal signs and improved placental function and fetal growth in SHRSP pregnancies, emerging as a promising therapy in pregnancies at high risk for PE.

RESUMO

Resumen: El trauma de la cirugía altera la homeostasis y desarrolla complicaciones en el postoperatorio, particularmente en los pacientes de alto riesgo. Las respuestas al estrés quirúrgico se producen por un proceso inflamatorio agudo y por un estado de desbalance entre los niveles de moléculas prooxidantes y la actividad de los sistemas antioxidantes conocido como estrés oxidativo (EOx). Estos dos mecanismos subyacen a las complicaciones en el perioperatorio. Por otro lado, las complicaciones pueden disminuirse con el manejo anestésico adecuado, ya que algunos anestésicos presentan capacidad antioxidante. El EOx puede tener un impacto negativo en todas las formas de cirugía mayor, particularmente en los pacientes de edad avanzada y con comorbilidades, por lo que es importante disminuir o evitar este fenómeno. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar brevemente el concepto y las bases celulares del EOx y su relación con las complicaciones más comunes en el perioperatorio de cirugía cardíaca y no cardíaca, así como la determinación cuantitativa del nivel de EOx mediante biomarcadores séricos. Además, se revisa el efecto de los anestésicos sobre el EOx y el uso de terapias antioxidantes en la prevención de las complicaciones postoperatorias inducidas por el EOx.

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Abstract: The trauma of surgery induces systemic stress that alters homeostasis and develops postoperative complications, particularly in high-risk patients. Surgical stress is produced by an acute inflammatory process and by the imbalance between the levels of pro-oxidant molecules and the activity of antioxidant systems. This imbalance is known as oxidative stress (OS). These two mechanisms underlie perioperative complications are reduced with anaesthetic management since some anaesthetics have antioxidant capacity. OS could negatively impact all forms of major surgery, particularly in elderly patients and patients with comorbidities. This review aims to present the concept and cellular bases of OS and its relationship with the most common complications in the perioperative period of cardiac and non-cardiac surgery, as well as the quantitative determination of the level of OS through serum biomarkers. Furthermore, the effect of anaesthetics on OS and the use of antioxidant therapies in preventing postoperative complications induced by OS are reviewed.

RESUMO

Abstract Objective To identify the impact of redox imbalance on the clinical evolution of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and carry out a qualitative and quantitative projection of the benefits of vitamin D supplementation. Data sources Combinations of the keywords polycystic ovary syndrome, vitamin D, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant, and free radicals were used in PubMed, Cochrane Library, LILACS, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. The last search was conducted on August 22, 2023.Selection of studies: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, studies were selected considering a low risk of bias, published in the last 5 years in English, which investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS, focusing on oxidative stress markers. Of the 136 articles retrieved, 6 intervention studies (445 women) were included. Data collection The risk of bias in included studies was assessed using the Jadad scale, and analysis and visualization of continuous data were performed using Review Manager 5.4.1, summarized as standardized mean differences (SMD) with confidence intervals (CI) of 95%. Data synthesis Vitamin D effectively reduced malondialdehyde (P=0.002) and total testosterone (P=0.0004) levels and increased total antioxidant capacity levels (P=0.01). Although possible improvements in the modified Ferriman-Gallwey hirsutism score, levels of sex hormone-binding globulin, and free androgen index were identified and the results were not statistically significant. Conclusion Vitamin D is a promising alternative for the treatment of PCOS with a positive influence on the oxidative, metabolic, and endocrine disorders of this syndrome.

Assuntos

Humanos , Feminino , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico , Hiperandrogenismo , Colecalciferol , Estresse Oxidativo , Complexo Vitamínico B/administração & dosagem

RESUMO

Melatonin (MEL) presents well-documented pleiotropic actions against oxidative stress (OS), acting indirectly through activation of transcription factors, e.g., FoxO3 and Nrf2. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the possible modulating effects of MEL on the redox signaling pathways PI3K/AKT/FoxO3 and Keap1/Nrf2/ARE in K562 erythroleukemic cells subjected to OS induction. For this, the viability, and transcript levels of genes involved in redox adaptation were evaluated in K562 cells in different periods of erythroid differentiation: under OS induction by hydrogen peroxide (100 µM H2O2); treated with 1 nM (C1) and 1 mM (C2) MEL; and associated or not with stress induction. We observed a restoration of physiological levels of Nrf2 in both MEL concentrations under OS. The C1 was related to enhanced expression of antioxidant and proteasome genes through the Nrf2-ARE pathway, while C2 to the induction of FOXO3 expression, suggesting an involvement with apoptotic pathway, according to BIM transcript levels. The effects of MEL administration in these cells showed a period and dose-dependent pattern against induced-OS, with direct and indirect actions through different pathways of cellular adaptation, reinforcing the importance of this indolamine in the regulation of cellular homeostasis, being a promising therapeutic alternative for diseases that present an exacerbated OS.

Assuntos

Melatonina , Humanos , Melatonina/farmacologia , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/genética , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/metabolismo , Células K562 , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Oxirredução

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease (GD), an autoimmune disorder arising from the activity of T lymphocytes against antigens that infiltrate thyroid tissue, orbital tissue and extraocular muscles. An increase in oxidative stress has been discovered in autoimmune thyroid disease, encouraging investigation into new forms of treatment. Selenium has been described as a treatment option given its antioxidant properties. The present study evaluates the decrease of progression and inflammatory signs in patients with mild GO with oral selenium supplementation. METHODS: Controlled, randomized, single center trial at an ophthalmology referral center in Mexico City. Patients at least 18years of age with mild GO according to the CAS classification were included; exclusion criteria in addition to corticosteroid treatment included smokers or selenium allergy. Each patient was randomized into one of two groups. Group A took placebo tablets which consisted of 100µg of starch twice a day for 6months, and group B took a 100µg selenium tablet twice a day for 6months. The patients from both groups were examined and evaluated using a CAS score before and after the first, third and sixth month of treatment. RESULTS: Thirty eyes of 30 patients were studied. The pretreatment values showed no statistically significant differences between groups (P>0.05). Intergroup analysis showed statistically significant differences in palpebral fissure and CAS score between the pretreatment values and six months after treatment in the selenium group (P<0.05). No differences were found in any variables in the placebo group during the study period (P>0.05). No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study in a Mexican population demonstrating that oral selenium decreases clinical activity and stops progression in patients with mild GO.

Assuntos

Doença de Graves , Oftalmopatia de Graves , Selênio , Antioxidantes , Oftalmopatia de Graves/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Estresse Oxidativo

RESUMO

Background and objectives: Oxidative stress (OS) participates in the pathophysiology of septic shock, which leads to multiple organ failure (MOF), ischemia-reperfusion injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, antioxidants have been proposed as therapy. Here, we evaluated the effect of antioxidant treatments in patients with septic shock with MOF and determined levels OS before and after treatment. This study was a randomized, controlled, triple-masked, and with parallel assignment clinical trial with a control group without treatment. Materials and Methods: It included 97 patients of either sex with septic shock. 5 treatments were used each in an independent group of 18 patients. Group 1 received vitamin C (Vit C), group 2 vitamin E (Vit E), group 3 n-acetylcysteine (NAC), group 4 melatonin (MT), and group 5 served as control. All antioxidants were administered orally or through a nasogastric tube for five days as an adjuvant to the standard therapy. Results: The results showed that all patients presented MOF due to sepsis upon admission and that the treatment decreased it (p = 0.007). The antioxidant treatment with NAC increased the total antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05). The patients that received Vit C had decreased levels of the nitrate and nitrite ratio (p < 0.01) and C-reactive protein levels (p = 0.04). Procalcitonin levels were reduced by Vit E (p = 0.04), NAC (p = 0.001), and MT (p = 0.04). Lipid-peroxidation was reduced in patients that received MT (p = 0.04). Conclusions: In conclusion, antioxidant therapy associated with standard therapy reduces MOF, OS, and inflammation in patients with septic shock.

Assuntos

Antioxidantes , Choque Séptico , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Choque Séptico/tratamento farmacológico , Vitamina E/uso terapêutico

RESUMO

This study investigated the therapeutic potential of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the treatment of heart failure in female rats. Myocardial infarcted (MI) rats were given NAC (250 mg/kg/day p.o.) during 28 days after surgery (MI + NAC) or vehicle (MI + Placebo), and sham-operated rats received the same treatments (Sham + NAC and Sham + Placebo). Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic analyses were performed in the last week of treatment. Cardiac mRNA levels of types I and II superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, types I and III glutathione peroxidase (GPX), nerve growth factor (NGF), ß1-adrenergic receptor (ß1ADR), and type 2 muscarinic receptor (M2R) were assessed. Cardiac levels NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, total content of reduced thiols, and SOD, GPX, and catalase activity were assessed. Compared to MI + Placebo group, MI + NAC group exhibited decreased NOX activity, increased content of reduced thiols, increased GPX activity, and normalized GPX III mRNA levels (p < 0.05). Heart and lung weights, left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume and left atrium/aorta ratio were decreased, while LV posterior wall thickness and ejection fraction were increased in MI + NAC group versus MI + Placebo rats (p < 0.05). Power density of low frequency band was decreased, while power density of high frequency and the root mean square of the successive differences were increased in MI + NAC rats versus MI + Placebo (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that NAC promotes therapeutic effects in the progression of MI-induced heart failure in female rats.

Assuntos

Acetilcisteína , Antioxidantes , Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Infarto do Miocárdio/tratamento farmacológico , Acetilcisteína/administração & dosagem , Acetilcisteína/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Feminino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo

RESUMO

Periodontitis is a highly prevalent disease. As it progresses, it causes serious morbidity in the form of periodontal abscesses and tooth loss and, in the latter stages, pain. It is also now known that periodontitis is strongly associated with several nonoral diseases. Thus, patients with periodontitis are at greater risk for the development and/or exacerbation of diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular diseases, among other conditions. Although it is without question that specific groups of oral bacteria which populate dental plaque play a causative role in the development of periodontitis, it is now thought that once this disease has been triggered, other factors play an equal, and possibly more important, role in its progression, particularly in severe cases or in cases that prove difficult to treat. In this regard, we allude to the host response, specifically the notion that the host, once infected with oral periodontal pathogenic bacteria, will mount a defense response mediated largely through the innate immune system. The most abundant cell type of the innate immune system - polymorphonuclear neutrophils - can, when protecting the host from microbial invasion, mount a response that includes upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and reactive oxygen species, all of which then contribute to the tissue damage and loss of teeth commonly associated with periodontitis. Of the mechanisms referred to here, we suggest that upregulation of reactive oxygen species might play one of the most important roles in the establishment and progression of periodontitis (as well as in other diseases of inflammation) through the development of oxidative stress. In this overview, we discuss both innate and epigenetic factors (eg, diabetes, smoking) that lead to the development of oxidative stress. This oxidative stress then provides an environment conducive to the destructive processes observed in periodontitis. Therefore, we shall describe some of the fundamental characteristics of oxidative stress and its effects on the periodontium, discuss the diseases and other factors that cause oxidative stress, and, finally, review potentially novel therapeutic approaches for the management (and possibly even the reversal) of periodontitis, which rely on the use of therapies, such as resveratrol and other antioxidants, that provide increased antioxidant activity in the host.

Assuntos

Periodontite , Citocinas , Humanos , Inflamação , Estresse Oxidativo , Periodonto

RESUMO

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the corona virus disease-19 which is accompanied by severe pneumonia, pulmonary alveolar collapses and which stops oxygen exchange. Viral transmissibility and pathogenesis depend on recognition by a receptor in the host, protease cleavage of the host membrane and fusion. SARS-CoV-2 binds to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor. Here, we discuss the general characteristics of the virus, its mechanism of action and the way in which the mechanism correlates with the comorbidities that increase the death rate. We also discuss the currently proposed therapeutic measures and propose the use of antioxidant drugs to help patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2. Oxidizing agents come from phagocytic leukocytes such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and eosinophils that invade tissue. Free radicals promote cytotoxicity thus injuring cells. They also trigger the mechanism of inflammation by mediating the activation of NFkB and inducing the transcription of cytokine production genes. Release of cytokines enhances the inflammatory response. Oxidative stress is elevated during critical illnesses and contributes to organ failure. In corona virus disease-19 there is an intense inflammatory response known as a cytokine storm that could be mediated by oxidative stress. Although antioxidant therapy has not been tested in corona virus disease-19, the consequences of antioxidant therapy in sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury are known. It improves oxygenation rates, glutathione levels and strengthens the immune response. It reduces mechanical ventilation time, the length of stay in the intensive care unit, multiple organ dysfunctions and the length of stay in the hospital and mortality rates in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome and could thus help patients with corona virus disease-19.

Assuntos

Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Betacoronavirus/fisiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Coronavirus/metabolismo , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Humanos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Pneumonia Viral/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia Viral/metabolismo , Pneumonia Viral/virologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19

RESUMO

Cancer constitutes a group of heterogeneous diseases that share common features. They involve the existence of altered cellular pathways which result in uncontrolled cell proliferation. Deregulation of production and/or elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) appear to be a relevant issue in most of them. ROS have a dual role in cell metabolism: they are compromised in normal cellular homeostasis, but their overproduction has been reported to promote oxidative stress (OS), a process that may induce the damage of cell structures. ROS accumulation is implicated in the activation of signaling pathways that promote cell proliferation and metabolic adaptations to tumour growth. One characteristic of cancer cells is the sensitivity to OS, which often results from the combination of high anabolic needs and hypoxic growth conditions. However, there is still no clear evidence about the levels of oxidant species that promote cellular transformation or, otherwise, if OS induction could be adequate as an antitumour therapeutic tool. There is a need for novel therapeutic strategies based on the new knowledge of cancer biology. Targeting oncogenic molecular mechanisms with non-classical agents and/or natural compounds would be beneficial as chemoprevention or new adjuvant therapies. In addition, epigenetics and environment, and particularly dietary factors may influence the development and prevention of cancer. This article will present a revision of the current research about molecular aspects proposed to be involved in the anticancer features of oxidant and antioxidant-based therapies targeting cancer cells, and their participation in the balance of oxidative species and cancer cell death.

Assuntos

Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Animais , Anticarcinógenos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Enzimas/metabolismo , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Glutationa/metabolismo , Humanos , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Vitaminas/metabolismo , Vitaminas/farmacologia

RESUMO

Introducción: la hipertensión arterial (HTA) es una de las mayores cargas de enfermedad y riesgo para infarto cardíaco, la insuficiencia cardíaca y el fallo renal. Se reconoce que el estrés oxidativo (EO) es un determinante en el desarrollo de complicaciones y el progreso de la HTA. Se determinó el índice de EO (IEO) en individuos con HTA y en un grupo sano control, para evaluar su posible correlación. Materiales y métodos: se midió IEO en una población de 112 individuos con HTA de distintos grados entre 50 y 70 años escogidos al azar y se comparó con los valores de un grupo control de voluntarios sanos, con la intención de definir el grado de correlación entre los niveles del IEO y la severidad de HTA, mediante la medición de biomarcadores para el EO en lisado de eritrocitos. Resultados: a pesar de que los beneficios de la terapia antioxidante (TAO) no han sido definitivamente probadas, en gran parte porque las enfermedades complejas no dependen de un solo componente fisiopatogénico, el EO sigue siendo una piedra angular en el desarrollo de complicaciones y el empeoramiento de los cuadros clínicos de muchos padecimientos. La demostración de biomarcardores específicos mejora la posibilidad de una TAO dirigida. El presente ensayo demostró que la edad, el género y la etnia no influyen en el IEO y que el EO fue severo en los casos de HTA iii, moderado en HTA ii y estuvo ausente en el subgrupo con HTA grado i. Conclusiones: estos resultados sugieren una relación entre los niveles de EO y severidad de HTA y sustenta evidencias para diseñar nuevos ensayos clínicos que evalúen la eficacia de una TAO adyuvante en el manejo de la HTA

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Introduction: Arterial hypertension (AHT) is one of the major burdens of disease and risk for cardiac infarction, heart failure and renal failure. It is recognized that the oxidative stress (OS) is a determining factor in the development of complications and the progress of the AHT. OS Index (OSI) in individuals with AHT and a healthy control group, was determined to assess their possible correlation. Methods: OSI was measured in a population of 112 individuals with AHT of different levels between 50 and 70 years old, chosen at random and compared with the values of healthy volunteers control group with the aim of defining the degree of correlation between the levels of the OSI and the AHT severity, by measuring biomarkers for OS in a red cell lysate. Discussion: Despite the benefits of an antioxidant therapy (AOT) have not been definitely proven, largely because the complex diseases do not depend on a single pathophysiological component, OS remains as a cornerstone in the development of complications and the worsening of the clinical pictures of many ailments. The demonstration of specific biomarkers improve the possibility of an addressed AOT. This trial showed th at the age, gender and ethnicity do not influence the OSI and that OS was severe in HTA iii cases, moderate in HTA ii cases and was absent in the subgroup with HTA i. Conclusions: These results suggest a relationship between levels of EO and severity of hypertension and support evidence to design new clinical trials assessing the efficacy of an adjuvant AOT in the management of HTA

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Estresse Oxidativo , Hipertensão , Pacientes , Estudos Prospectivos , República Dominicana

RESUMO

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to focus on the outcome of recent antioxidant interventions using synthetic and naturally occurring molecules established as adjuvant strategies to lipid-lowering or anti-inflammatory therapies designed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS: To date, accumulated evidence regarding oxidation as a pro-atherogenic factor indicates that redox biochemical events involved in atherogenesis are indeed a very attractive target for the management of cardiovascular disease in the clinic. Nevertheless, although evidence indicates that redox reactions are important in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, oxidation with a pro-atherogenic context does not eliminate the fact that oxidation participates in many cases as an essential messenger of important cellular signaling pathways. Therefore, disease management and therapeutic goals require not only high-precision and high-sensitivity methods to detect in plasma very low amounts of reducing and oxidizing molecules but also a much better understanding of the normal processes and metabolic pathways influenced and/or controlled by oxidative stress. As several methodologies have been specifically described for the quantification of the total antioxidant capacity and the oxidation state of diverse biological systems, a successful way to carefully study how redox reactions influence atherosclerosis can be achieved. Since there is still a lack of standardization with many of these methods, clinical trials studying antioxidant capacity have been difficult to compare and therefore difficult to use in order to reach a conclusion. We believe a comprehensive analysis of new knowledge and its relationship with the presence of plasma antioxidants and their reducing capacity will undoubtedly open new ways to understand and develop new therapeutic pathways in the fight not only against atherosclerosis but also against other degenerative diseases.

Assuntos

Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Aterosclerose/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antioxidantes/análise , Aterosclerose/sangue , Aterosclerose/metabolismo , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Biossíntese de Proteínas/fisiologia , Vitaminas/sangue , Vitaminas/metabolismo , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The hypoxia and reoxygenation cycles in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) cause a change in the oxidative balance, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species capable of reacting with other organic molecules impairing their functions. This study aimed to determine the best markers of oxidative stress in OSAS and what better antioxidant agent to be used to treat the disease. METHODS: Searches were conducted in three different databases (PubMed, LILACS, SCIELO), using as descriptors the terms obstructive sleep apnea, oxidative stress, and antioxidant therapy. A total of 120 articles were found but only those considered of interest to the research were selected. Thus, 10 articles were included for further analysis regarding the biomarkers of oxidative stress in OSAS, and 6 articles to evaluate the antioxidant most often used for demonstration of efficacy. RESULTS: The thioredoxin, malondialdehyde, superoxide dysmutase, and reduced iron were the most commonly used biomarkers and showed a more consistent relationship between increased oxidative stress and OSAS. As antioxidant therapy, vitamin C and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) presented interesting results as a reduction of oxidative stress, which may become an alternative to the complementary treatment of OSAS. CONCLUSIONS: This review's findings agree mostly to measure that the markers of oxidative stress in OSAS may be a contributing aspect to assessment and monitoring of patient, and the antioxidant therapy appears to be beneficial in the treatment of OSAS.

Assuntos

Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/sangue , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/tratamento farmacológico , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/fisiopatologia , Acetilcisteína/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapêutico , Pressão Positiva Contínua nas Vias Aéreas , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esquema de Medicação , Humanos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/fisiologia

RESUMO

This study examined the effect of an antioxidant intervention in biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) in the blood of Down syndrome (DS) children and teenagers during four different stages. A control group was composed by healthy children (n=18), assessed once, and a Down group composed by DS patients (n=21) assessed at the basal period (t0), as well as after 6 months of antioxidant supplementation (t1), after 12 months (after interruption of the antioxidant intervention for 6 months) (t2), and again after further 6 months of antioxidant supplementation (t3). Biomarkers of inflammation (myeloperoxidase activity - MPO and levels of IL-1ß and TNF-α) and OS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS, protein carbonyls - PC), reduced glutathione (GSH), uric acid (UA) and vitamin E levels, as well as antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities, were measured after each period. After the antioxidant supplementation, the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GGT and MPO were downregulated, while TBARS contents were strongly decreased, the contents of GSH and vitamin E were significantly increased, and no changes in G6PD and GST activity as well as in UA and PC levels were detected. After the interruption of the antioxidant therapy for 6 months, DS patients showed elevated GPx and GGT activities and also elevated UA and TBARS levels. No changes in SOD, CAT, GR, GST, G6PD and MPO activities as well as in GSH, vitamin E, PC, TNF-α and IL-1ß levels were detected. The results showed that the antioxidant intervention persistently attenuated the systemic oxidative damage in DS patients even after a relatively long period of cessation of the antioxidant intervention.

Assuntos

Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Down/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Oxidativo , Vitamina E/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Catalase/metabolismo , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Síndrome de Down/metabolismo , Feminino , Seguimentos , Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Redutase/metabolismo , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Humanos , Inflamação , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Masculino , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Estudos Prospectivos , Carbonilação Proteica , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Ácido Úrico/metabolismo , Vitamina E/metabolismo , gama-Glutamiltransferase/metabolismo

RESUMO

We previously demonstrated that systemic oxidative stress is present in Down syndrome (DS) patients. In the present study we investigated the antioxidant status in the peripheral blood of DS children and teenagers comparing such status before and after an antioxidant supplementation. Oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated in the blood of DS patients (n=21) before and after a daily antioxidant intervention (vitamin E 400mg, C 500 mg) during 6 months. Healthy children (n=18) without DS were recruited as control group. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH), uric acid, vitamin E, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and protein carbonyls (PC) were measured. Before the antioxidant therapy, DS patients presented decreased GST activity and GSH depletion; elevated SOD, CAT, GR, GGT and MPO activities; increased uric acid levels; while GPx and G6PD activities as well as vitamin E and TBARS levels were unaltered. After the antioxidant supplementation, SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GGT and MPO activities were downregulated, while TBARS contents were strongly decreased in DS. Also, the antioxidant therapy did not change G6PD and GST activities as well as uric acid and PC levels, while it significantly increased GSH and vitamin E levels in DS patients. Our results clearly demonstrate that the antioxidant intervention with vitamins E and C attenuated the systemic oxidative damage present in DS patients.

Assuntos

Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Síndrome de Down/enzimologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Vitamina E/farmacologia , Adolescente , Biomarcadores , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Catalase/efeitos dos fármacos , Catalase/metabolismo , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Glutationa/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Glutationa Redutase/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa Redutase/metabolismo , Glutationa Transferase/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Peroxidase/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Carbonilação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Superóxido Dismutase/efeitos dos fármacos , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Ácido Úrico/metabolismo , Vitamina E/metabolismo , gama-Glutamiltransferase/efeitos dos fármacos , gama-Glutamiltransferase/metabolismo

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia de la terapia tópica antioxidante en el tratamiento del vitíligo generalizado de inicio reciente. Material y métodos: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, doble ciego, controlado con placebo. Los pacientes con vitíligo generalizado de inicio reciente fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Grupo de estudio: recibió terapia tópica reciente fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Grupo de estudio: recibió terapia tópica antioxidante aplicada en las lesiones cada 12 horas por 30 días. Grupo placebo: recibió terapia tópica con una sustancia carente de actividad farmacológica. La terapia tópica antioxidante estuvo compuesta fundamentalmente por pseudocatalasa activada por luz solar, luego de la aplicación se indicó a los pacientes exposición solar diaria por un período de 30 minutos. Al cabo de 10 semanas de tratamiento se evaluó si hubo re pigmentación, y se comparó los niveles pre y pos tratamiento de malonildialdehido (indicador de per oxidación lipídica) en lesiones cutáneas. Resultados: Al término del tratamiento los valores de MDA en lesiones del grupo que recibió terapia tópica antioxidante mostraron un incremento significativo del 24.5 por ciento con respecto a los valores basales (p=0.035); los valores del grupo placebo también mostraron un incremento significativo del 21.6 por ciento en los valores de MDA con respecto a la medición basal (p menor que 0.001). La evolución clínica mostró re pigmentación parcial de la lesiones en 16.6 por ciento de pacientes que recibieron terapia tópica antioxidante y en 6.6 por ciento de pacientes que recibieron placebo para lo cual no existió diferencia significativa (p = 0.206). En ningún paciente de ambos grupos se observó re pigmentación total de las lesiones. Conclusiones: Nuestros hallazgos en la muestra estudiada demuestran que la terapia tópica antioxidante no es eficaz en el tratamiento del vitíligo generalizado de inicio reciente y no reduce el estrés oxidativo.

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Objective: To determine the efficacy of topical antioxidant therapy in the treatment of generalized vitiligo of recent onset. Material and methods: Randomized trial, double-blind, controlled with placebo. Patients with generalized vitiligo of recent onset were randomly distributed in two groups. Study group: They received topical antioxidant therapy applied in lesions each 12 hours for 30 days. Placebo group: They received topical therapy with a substance devoid of pharmacological activity. The topical antioxidant therapy was consisted primarily by pseudocatalasa activated by solar light, after the application, daily solar exposure was indicated to patients by a period of 30 minutes. After 10 weeks of treatment, repigmentation was evaluated whether there and pre and and post treatments of malonyldialdheyde (MDA) levels were compared in cutaneous lesion. Results: At the end of the treatment, values of MDA in lesions of group that receives topical antioxidant therapy showed a significant increase of 24.5 per cent with respect of basal values (p = 0.035); values of placebo group also showed a significant increase of 21.6 per cent in values of MDA with respect to basal measure (p minor that 0.001). Clinical evolution showed partial repigmentation of lesion in 16.6 per cent of patients that received topical antioxidant therapy and in 6.6 per cent of patients that received placebo for which there was no significant difference (p = 0.206). In no one patient of both groups we saw total repigmentation of lesion. Conclusions: Our findings in the sample studied showed that topical antioxidant therapy is not efficacy in the treatment of generalized vitiligo of recent onset and do not reduce the oxidative stress in cutaneous lesions.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Eficácia , Placebos/uso terapêutico , Segurança , Vitiligo/terapia , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto

RESUMO

La terapia antioxidante con Vimang en la atención primaria de salud constituye una posible alternativa para el tratamiento eficaz, adyuvante o no, de enfermedades relacionadas con el estrés oxidativo o componentes de dolor e inflamación. Se muestra los resultados de estudios clínicos con Vimang en la atención al adulto mayor, el tratamiento de la displasia de mamas, leve o moderada, y el tratamiento de dermatopatías, a partir de experiencias etnomédicas publicadas con anterioridad. En la atención al adulto mayor (n = 31, tabletas Vimang, 300 mg) mejoró, en ocho de nueve indicadores evaluados de la calidad de vida (Cuestionario de Salud SF-36), la autopercepción del estado de salud de los ancianos; el indicador más significativo fue el dolor corporal. En la terapia de la displasia de mamas (n = 100, tabletas Vimang, 300 mg) se demostró una eficacia mayor al 85 por ciento, con resultados similares o superiores a la vitamina E. En el tratamiento de enfermedades de la piel (n = 590, crema Vimang, 1,2 por ciento), se observó mejoría en 86,8 y 96,7 por ciento de los pacientes tratados por inflamación y dolor, respectivamente, y más del 90 por ciento fueron curados de forma total o parcial. Los resultados más relevantes se obtuvieron en la recuperación del color de la piel en melasma del embarazo y pitiriasis versicolor, (52 pacientes), procesos infecciosos (53 pacientes), micosis (169 pacientes). No se observaron reacciones adversas ni signos de toxicidad durante el tratamiento.

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Antioxidant therapy with Vimang in primary health care is a possible alternative for the effective treatment, either adjuvant or not, of diseases related to oxidative stress, pain and inflammation. The results of clinical studies with Vimang on the elderly, breast dysplasia (mild or moderate) and skin diseases were shown taking into account previously reported ethnomedical experience. On elderly subjects (n=31 , 300mg Vimang tablets), the self perception of their health status improved in 8 of 9 evaluated parameters of life quality, being body pain the most significant (health questionnaire SF-36). In the treatment of breast dysplasia (n=100, 300mg Vimang tablets), the efficacy was over 85 percent, with similar or higher results than vitamin E. In treating skin diseases (n=590, 1.2 percent Vimang cream), 86.8 percent and 96.7 percent of patients treated because of inflammation and pain improved their condition whereas over 90 percent of patients completely or partially recovered. The most relevant results were seen in the recovery of skin pigmentation in pregnancy melasme and pitiriasis versicolor (52 patients), infectious processes (53 patients), and mycosis (169 patients). Neither adverse reactions nor toxic signs were observed in the treatment.

RESUMO

Se realizó una revisión sobre distintos aspectos actualizados relacionados con la neuropatía óptica isquémica. Esta constituye una devastadora entidad que en muchos casos da al traste de manera permanente con la visión de los pacientes. Se divide en dos grandes grupos de acuerdo con el sitio donde ocurre (anterior o posterior) y un tanto así por la relación con su causa (arterítica o no arterítica). La neuropatía óptica isquémica se relaciona con un gran número de factores de riesgo como la hipertensión arterial, cardiopatía isquémica, apnea del sueño entre otras. Al constituir una enfermedad multifactorial su tratamiento se enmarca de una manera individualizada y el ánimo de cubrir todas las posibles causas haciendo principal énfasis en la terapia antioxidante.

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A review was made on the different aspects updated in relation to ischemic optic neuropathy. This is a devastating entity that in many cases causes a permanent damage to the patients' vision. It is divided into 2 large groups, according to the site where it occurs (anterior or posterior) and to the connection with its cause (arteritic or non-arteritic). Ischemic optic neuropathy is related to a great number of risk factors, such as arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease and sleep apnea, among others. As it is a multifactorial disease, its treatment is individualized aimed at determining all the possible causes, making special emphasis on the antioxidant therapy.