RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Some studies show changes in the microbiota in people undergoing antineoplastic treatment. Currently, there is not enough evidence of this effect in the treatment of cervical cancer (CC). The objective was to determine changes in the diversity of local cervical bacteria in women with CC receiving chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and brachytherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, longitudinal, and prospective study was conducted in 68 women with locally advanced CC with a treatment plan based on the administration of chemotherapy, external beam radiotherapy, and brachytherapy. Cervical-vaginal fluid samples were taken during antineoplastic treatment. The samples were used to isolate bacterial strains. The bacteria were identified at the molecular level by comparing sequences of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. RESULTS: The bacteria identified belonged to three phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Nine genera and 25 species of bacteria were identified. The most frequent species were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium amycolatum, and Enterococcus faecalis. There were statistically significant differences when comparing bacterial diversity found in the different stages of treatment (≤0.05). Bacterial diversity decreased as antineoplastic treatment progressed and increased at the end of therapy. CONCLUSION: Antineoplastic treatments generate changes in the diversity of local cervical bacterial communities of women with CC.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT. Cancer control treatments are aimed at prolonging patient survival, but they also trigger inevitable and irreversible side effects, often infectious in nature, complicating the prognosis of the oncological disease. These include the pathogenic behavior of Candida, with Albicans being its most common species in the oral mucosa. Albicans is considered a commensal fungus that, as a result of the neutropenia resulting from antineoplastic therapies, behaves as an opportunistic entity causing candidiasis. This fungal infection has aggravating factors for the patient, such as xerostomia and hyposalivation, infections like dental caries, and other factors such as improper oral hygiene. Several consulted authors highlight the presence of Candida, its different species and oral candidiasis as a microorganism and classic opportunistic infection in immunosuppressed patients, and even more in those subjected to antineoplastic treatments. The aim of this review is to describe the pathogenic behavior of Candida in the oral mucosa of patients under antineoplastic treatments.
RESUMEN Los tratamientos para el control del cáncer están encaminados a prolongar la sobrevida del paciente, pero al mismo tiempo desencadenan efectos inevitables e irreversibles, así como infecciosos, los cuales complican el pronóstico de la enfermedad oncológica. Dentro de estos últimos se encuentra la conducta patógena de Candida, cuya especie más común en la mucosa oral es Albicans, considerada un hongo comensal que, a consecuencia de la neutropenia resultante de las terapias antineoplásicas, se comporta como oportunista y causa candidiasis. Esta infección fúngica tiene factores agravantes e inherentes al paciente, como la xerostomía y la hiposalivación, infecciones como la caries dental, y otros factores como la incorrecta higiene bucal. Diversos autores consultados resaltan la presencia de Candida, sus diferentes especies y la candidiasis bucal como microorganismo e infección clásica oportunista en pacientes inmunosuprimidos, y aún más en aquellos sometidos a tratamientos antineoplásicos. El objetivo de la presente revisión consiste en describir el comportamiento patógeno de Candida en la mucosa bucal de pacientes bajo tratamientos antineoplásicos.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Candida , NeoplasiasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the frequency and severity of nausea and vomiting using two different instruments and relate them to quality of life (QOL) in patients with cancer receiving antineoplastic treatment. METHODS: Severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) was measured by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and a numerical scale. QOL was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General questionnaire. KEY FINDINGS: Of the 50 patients studied, 60.0% reported nausea (40.0% CTCAE grade 1; 66.7% moderate intensity on numerical scale) and 30.0% reported vomiting (46.7% CTCAE grades 1 and 2, each; 66.7% moderate intensity on numerical scale). CINV did not influence overall QOL. CONCLUSION: The frequency of CINV was high. There was no association between nausea/vomiting and overall QOL.