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OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this present paper was to evaluate the results and outcomes of patients with acute limb ischemia (ALI) submitted to pharmacomechanical thrombectomy (PMT) endovascular surgery with Angiojet, regarding the number of cycles/pumps. METHODS: Prospective, consecutive cohort study of ALI patients submitted to PMT endovascular intervention subdivided into two groups according to the number of cycles in the Angiojet technique: Group 1 higher than 150 cycles/second and Group 2 lesser than 150 cycles/second (cycles/s). RESULTS: Overall, 92 patients with ALI submitted to PMT were evaluated. Two groups of patients were identified: Group 1 higher than 150 cycles/s with 60 patients and Group 2 lesser than 150 cycles/s with 32 patients. The overall mortality rate (OMR) was 15.1% (13 patients) in total cohort within the first 30 days. Group 1 had a higher OMR than Group 2 (16.1% vs 9.3%, p = 0.007). There were 4 cases of hematuria (4.3%), all of them in Group 1. We have performed a Kaplan-Meier regarding limb salvage rates: Group 1 had 85% and Group 2 had 95.7% at 1057 days. P = 0.081. Among the factors evaluated, the following were related to overall mortality rate: PMT with higher >150 cycles/s (HR = 7.17, p = 0.007, CI: 1.38-8.89), COVID-19 infection (HR = 2.75, p = 0.010, CI = 1.73-5.97), and post-operative acute kidney injury (HR = 2.97, p < 0.001, CI = 1.32-8.13). Among the factors evaluated, the following was related to limb loss: post-operative acute kidney injury (HR = 4.41, p = 0.036, CI: 1.771-7.132), probably because patients experiencing limb loss have a higher incidence of acute renal insufficiency due to higher circulating myoglobin higher hemolysis from the increased Angiojet cycles inducing rhabdomyolysis. CONCLUSION: PMT with Angiojet is a safe and effective therapy in patients with ALI. However, patients receiving greater than 150 cycles/s were noted to have higher rates of acute kidney injury and mortality. This is likely reflective of increased thrombus burden and higher rates of hemolysis. Acute kidney injury, greater than 150 cycles/s, and COVID-19 infection were the variables with the strongest association to perioperative mortality.

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Introducción: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) constituye un problema de salud pública. Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de los desbridamientos quirúrgicos y amputaciones de miembros inferiores en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 y su impacto económico. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio Observacional descriptivo de corte transversal. Se estimaron los costos médicos directos tanto de desbridamientos quirúrgicos como de amputaciones de miembros inferiores en pacientes diabéticos en el Hospital de Clínicas San Lorenzo, durante el año 2019. Resultados: El total de desbridamientos quirúrgicos y amputaciones de miembros inferiores en el año 2019 representan el 1,9% (314/16.484) de los procedimientos quirúrgicos realizados en el Hospital de Clínicas. El monto total de gastos es de 1.804.185.116 (262.541 USD), de los cuales 172.514.000 (38.857 USD) constituyen gastos de bolsillo y 1.631.671.116 (237.437 USD) constituyen gastos erogados al Estado Paraguayo a través del Hospital de Clínicas de San Lorenzo. Conclusión: Las complicaciones de la diabetes imponen considerables costos tanto en el gasto de bolsillo, al sector de la salud como a la economía en general en el Paraguay, por lo que es necesario re evaluar el manejo de esta problemática teniendo en cuenta el gran impacto que tienen dichos procedimientos producen en la vida de los pacientes a nivel físico, emocional, familiar y social, así como la carga económica que conlleva el tratamiento para el Sistema de Salud.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) constitutes a public health problem. Objectives: Determine the frequency of surgical debridement and lower limb amputations in type 2 diabetic patients and their economic impact. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was carried out. The direct medical costs of both surgical debridement and lower limb amputations in diabetic patients at the Hospital de Clínicas, San Lorenzo were estimated during 2019. Results: The total of surgical debridement and lower limb amputations in 2019 represents the 1.9% (314/16,484) of surgical procedures performed at the Hospital de Clínicas. The total amount of expenses is 1,804,185,116 (262,541 USD), of which 172,514,000 (38,857 USD) constitute out-of-pocket expenses and 1,631,671,116 (237,437 USD) constitute expenses disbursed to the Paraguayan State through the Hospital de Clínicas de San Lorenzo. Conclusion: The complications of diabetes impose considerable costs both in out-of-pocket spending, on the health sector and on the economy in general in Paraguay, so it is necessary to re-evaluate the management of this problem taking into account the great impact that these procedures have on the lives of patients on a physical, emotional, family and social level, as well as the economic burden that the treatment entails for the Health System.

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At least two million people in the United States of America live with lost limbs, and the number is expected to double by 2050, although the incidence of amputations is significantly greater in other parts of the world. Within days to weeks of the amputation, up to 90% of these individuals develop neuropathic pain, presenting as phantom limb pain (PLP). The pain level increases significantly within one year and remains chronic and severe for about 10%. Amputation-induced changes are considered to underlie the causation of PLP. Techniques applied to the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are designed to reverse amputation-induced changes, thereby reducing/eliminating PLP. The primary treatment for PLP is the administration of pharmacological agents, some of which are considered but provide no more than short-term pain relief. Alternative techniques are also discussed, which provide only short-term pain relief. Changes induced by various cells and the factors they release are required to change neurons and their environment to reduce/eliminate PLP. It is concluded that novel techniques that utilize autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may provide long-term PLP reduction/elimination.

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Assessment of ischaemia severity includes a variety of measures, such as pedal pulse palpation, the ankle/brachial index (ABI), and the toe/brachial index (TBI), but there is a lack of consensus regarding which ischaemia scale is the most effective for determining outcome prognosis. The purpose of this study is to validate the application of the ischaemia severity scale (ISS) in the effective prediction of wound healing, amputations, and mortality for diabetic foot wounds (DFW). This prospective study included 235 consecutive patients graded according to the Saint Elian Wound Score System (SEWSS). The ISS is part of this system, with patients being scored as non-ischaemic (0) or having mild (1), moderate (2), or severe (3) ischaemia. Age, diabetes duration in years, and ulcer size were found to be associated with a longer mean ischaemia of increasing severity. A trend of reduction in the pulse palpation rates (70.4%, 50%, 8.5% to 0%; p < 0.01), ABI (1.1 ± 0.1, 0.86 ± 0.3, 0.68 ± 0.2, 0.47 ± 0.2, p < 0.01), TBI average values (0.90 ± 0.35, 0.62 ± 0.52, 0.50 ± 0.33, 0.10 ± 0.42, p < 0.01), wound healing success (88.7%, 57.7%, 40.7%, 12.9%; p < 0.01), and delay in weeks (Kaplan−Meier: log-rank 44.2, p < 0.01) was observed with increasing values of the ISS (0, 1, 2, and 3). The odds ratio for adverse outcomes increased for each additional level of ischaemia severity. Thus, we demonstrate that the ISS is useful in effectively predicting adverse outcomes for DFW.

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Considered by the World Health Organization a neglected public health problem, snakebites occur predominantly in tropical areas of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Approximately 2.7 million people worldwide are victims of snakebites each year, of which between 81,000 and 138,000 later die. Among the survivors, about 400,000 have some permanent disability. The entirety of the mechanism responsible for the venom pathophysiology is not completely understood. However, most of the venom toxins affect human hemostasis, as Bothrops venom components, which destabilize endothelium, affect platelet aggregation, blood clotting and fibrinolysis. Such effects are not only components of the clinical picture of patients who have suffered envenomation, but are also directly associated with the severity of the accident. Thus, it is of great importance to understand the main hemostatic alterations observed in envenomation’s by snakes of the genus Bothrops, which is predominant in South America. Therefore, this review describes the hemostatic changes that occur in Bothrops snakebites, to further improve the understanding of the general pathological mechanisms of snake envenomation’s and the correlation between endothelium dysfunction and coagulation/fibrinolysis systems as a result of the interaction of each class of venom components with human hemostasis. This knowledge is crucial for the development of new effective therapeutic approaches, attenuating the severity of snakebites and reducing amputations and deaths. Besides this, a molecular comprehension of the hemostatic alterations caused by each component of Bothrops venoms may help to identify new molecules and targets for therapeutic applications.

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RESUMEN Existe un número elevado de sistemas de clasificación, en pacientes con pie diabético. La importancia de una correcta clasificación de las lesiones, determina el tratamiento a realizar y puede aportar datos sobre el pronóstico de los pacientes respecto a posibles amputaciones. En los últimos años la tendencia es al desarrollo de sistemas más complejos, con uso de la tecnología. La clasificación de McCook y otros, ha sido la base para el tratamiento de pacientes con pie diabético en Cuba; a esta se sumó posteriormente, la clasificación hemodinámica y al comenzar a aplicar el Heberprot-P, se asoció la clasificación de Wagner, pero siempre con la óptica de McCook. Esta visión inicial y su posterior desarrollo han llevado a Cuba a lograr cifras de amputaciones mínimas, diferente a lo que ocurre en otros países. Este trabajo expresa la opinión de la autora acerca de los resultados del uso de las clasificaciones utilizadas en Cuba.

ABSTRACT There is a large number of classification systems in patients with diabetic foot. The importance of a correct classification of injuries determines the treatment to be carried out and can provide data on the prognosis of patients regarding possible amputations. In recent years the trend is towards the development of more complex systems, with the use of technology. The McCook et al. classification has been the basis for the treatment of patients with diabetic foot in Cuba; To this, the hemodynamic classification was added later and when the Heberprot-P began to be applied, the Wagner classification was associated, but always with McCook's optics. This initial vision and its subsequent development have led Cuba to achieve minimal amputation figures, different from what happens in other countries. This work expresses the author's opinion about the results using the classifications used in Cuba.

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To review the global and regional contributions of the Saint Elian Wound Score System (SEWSS) for the diabetic foot syndrome are the aim of this report. The update includes definitions, classification, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention to reduce amputations and mortality. From its local use in Mexico to their global spread as part of the Clinical Practice Recommendations of the Diabetic Foot - International Diabetes Federation-2017, the SEWSS has achieved a significant acceptance for the diabetic foot problem care in Latin America. The concept includes the triage of severity grades system for the five types of Diabetic Foot Attack (DFA) due to ischemia, infection, edema, neuropathy (Charcot), or a mixed combination. Persons with Diabetes Mellitus may progress from the low-risk stage to foot attack that may remite to a high risk stage or conversely, evolve to a major amputation or death. The DFA progressive stages (I-III) are described in this review. The clinical details provided by the assessment of the 10 Saint Elian factors permit a rationale therapeutic approach with relevance in prevention and medical treatment and not focused only on wound care avoiding bias originated by specialty-related preferences.

El propósito de este informe es revisar las contribuciones regionales y mundiales del Sistema de San Elian para el Síndrome del Pie Diabético. Esta actualización incluye definiciones, clasificación, diagnóstico, pronóstico, tratamiento y prevención para reducir las amputaciones y su mortalidad. Desde su aplicación local en Mexico hasta su difusión mundial como parte fundamental de las Recomendaciones de Práctica Clínica del Pie Diabético- Federación Internacional de Diabetes 2017, el sistema ha alcanzado una aceptación significativa para la atención del Pie Diabético en Latinoamérica. El concepto incluye el triage urgente por la diferenciación de la gravedad que proporciona el sistema para los cinco tipos de Ataque Del Pie Diabético (APD): isquemico, infeccioso, edema grave, neuropatia (Charcot) y el mixto. Los pacientes con DM-2 pueden evolucionar desde un pie con bajo riesgo hasta un APD que logre remitir a una etapa de riesgo alto o que finalmente evolucione a amputacion mayor y/o muerte. Se describen las etapas evolutivas (I-III). La detallada evaluación que proporciona los 10 factores de San Elian permiten un abordaje terapéutico racional con relevancia en la prevención y el tratamiento médico sin centrarse erróneamente en el cuidado de heridas.

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Introduction: Critical limb ischemia is the most severe form of peripheral arterial disease. The anatomic and clinical severity of the disease is often heterogeneous and the choice of treatment is affected by different clinical and patient-related factors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mortality rate in a period of 1 year following minor and major amputations and compare the rates with that related to major amputation of lower limbs in 2005. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study evaluated minor and major amputations of the lower limbs at the School Hospital affiliated with the São Jose do Rio Preto School of Medicine in the period from July 2018 to July 2019. It was conducted using the charts of 233 patients who had undergone minor and major amputations of the lower limbs. Results: The 1-year mortality rate was analyzed among 108 patients submitted to minor amputations and the mortality rate of 80 patients submitted to major amputations in 2019 was compared to that among 50 patients submitted to major amputations in 2005. Conclusions: Significant 1-year mortality rates were found following minor and major amputations, with a higher rate among patients submitted to the latter procedure. Moreover, there has been no reduction in the mortality rate among patients submitted to major amputation in the past 15 years.

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Diabetic foot infections are frequent clinical problem. Properly managed, most can be cured, but many patients needlessly undergo amputations because of improper diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The aim of this study is to evaluate patients with diabetic foot ulcer and their incidences. 320 cases were taken for our study of deferent gender and age group, date of study was from January 2019 to the end of December 2019, study was done in Maysan Endocrine and Diabtology Center. Most cases were males about (59%) of young age group, most of the cases occurred in extreme weathers. Diabetic foot ulcers are preventable lesions, males at active age group more prone to develop diabetic foot lesions because they are more liable to expose to minor trauma during work. Health education for protection of diabetic patients from serious DFU complications

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A qualitative study was carried out in south-eastern Costa Rica on the circumstances and consequences of snakebite envenomings. This region has the highest incidence of snakebites and the lowest per capita and per family income in the country. There is a high degree of destitution and an unstable labor situation in the region. This study was based on semistructured interviews with 15 people who had suffered snakebite envenomings. This sample size was established on the basis of data saturation. Bites occurred mostly while doing agricultural work, either as salaried workers, as occasional workers, or working on their own. Although all people were attended in health centers of the public health system, and received antivenom free of charge, the majority of them did not receive compensation or rehabilitation upon discharge from the health facilities as a result of not being regular salaried workers. People described many difficulties as a consequence of these envenomings, such as permanent physical sequelae, including two amputations, psychological consequences, economic hardships, and difficulties for reinsertion into agricultural work. In spite of the significant advances that Costa Rica has made for reducing the impact of these envenomings, results reveal issues that require urgent attention by government and civil society organizations, to compensate for the physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences of these envenomings.

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BACKGROUND: Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) is a rare condition of controversial etiology that is associated with varying degrees of anomalies. This study reports a case of a newborn with ABS associated with double encephalocele in the frontal region. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 29-year-old primiparous woman with no history of prenatal infection or consanguineous marriage had a cesarean section at gestational week 38, giving birth to a newborn who was well but had limb anomalies (constriction rings, amputations, and syndactyly) and craniofacial anomalies, mainly double frontal encephalocele. The patient underwent surgical repair and subsequent placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. CONCLUSION: Studies clarifying this uncommon association with double encephalocele are limited. ABS associated with double encephalocele is rare and even more complex when associated with other anomalies. Thus, the conditions in such children are severe and require multidisciplinary monitoring.

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Introducción: Las amputaciones parciales del pie diabético requieren un prolongado período de cicatrización. La presencia de angiopatía y neuropatía periférica y la ausencia de actividad del factor de crecimiento epidérmico entorpecen dicho proceso. Objetivos: Evaluar la evolución de las amputaciones parciales del pie diabético con el uso del Heberprot-P® mediante un procedimiento quirúrgico de cierre total diferido a un segundo tiempo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo, en 52 pacientes operados de amputación de los artejos del pie atendidos en el Hospital Provincial Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech de la provincia de Camagüey, en el período comprendido desde enero 2015 hasta septiembre de 2016 y en los que fue factible realizar este procedimiento. Resultados: El sexo femenino representó el 59,6 por ciento, con mayor número de casos en el intervalo de 61-70 años. Se realizaron 30 operaciones los artejos centrales y 22 entre el primero y el quinto. El 94,6 por ciento cicatrizó entre los 16 y los 20 días. Ninguno fue reintervenido. Conclusiones: La terapia con Heberprot-P® abre nuevos caminos para lograr mayor efectividad en el tratamiento y cicatrización del pie diabético. El procedimiento empleado mejoró el resultado funcional y estético de los pies operados(AU)

Introduction: Partial amputation of diabetic foot requires a long cicatrization period. The presence of angiopathy and peripheral neuropathy, and the lack of epidermal growth factor activity dull the process. Objective: To evaluate the evolution of partial amputations of diabetic foot using Heberprot-P® through a surgical procedure based in a total deffered closure to a second time. Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study was in a total of 52 patients operated on foot knuckles amputations in Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Provincial Hospital of Camagüey Province, from January 2015 to September 2016. In this patients was feasible to carry out the so above mentioned surgical procedure. Results: The female gender represented the 59, 6 percent with major number of cases from 61 to 70 years old. 30 surgeries were performed on the central knuckle and 22 between the first and fifth knuckle. 94,6 percent healed within 16 to 20 days. None of the patients was reoperated. Conclusions: Heberprot-P® therapy opens new ways to achieve better effectiveness in the treatment and cicatrization of diabetic foot. The procedure used improved the functional and aesthetical results in the operated feet(AU)

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ANTECEDENTES: Una de las principales complicaciones de la diabetes mellitus es la amputación de alguna extremidad. En todo el mundo, la prevalencia de amputaciones asociadas a la diabetes es muy variada y tiene un impacto considerable en la calidad de vida del paciente. OBJETIVO: Analizar la frecuencia de las amputaciones en el Hospital Universitario Dr. José E. González y evaluar si se presenta un patrón estacional. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 2009 a 2012, en el que se revisaron los expedientes de pacientes diabéticos que se sometieron a amputación. La estacionalidad se analizó con la bondad de ajuste de ji al cuadrado. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 456 amputaciones. Los resultados muestran que febrero es el mes que presenta la mayor frecuencia de amputaciones. La estación anual con mayor número de amputaciones fue el invierno. CONCLUSIONES: Las amputaciones en pacientes diabéticos del área metropolitana de Monterrey presentan un patrón estacional, siendo los meses de invierno los de mayor frecuencia. BACKGROUND: The amputation of an extremity is a main complication of Diabetes mellitus. Worldwide the prevalence of amputations associated with diabetes mellitus is variable and had a considerable impact in the quality of life. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the frequency of amputations in the University Hospital, Dr José E González and evaluate if a seasonal pattern is present. METHOD: A retrospective analysis from 2009 to 2012 was carried out. Clinical files of diabetic patients undergoing to amputation were studied. The seasonality was evaluated with a chi square goodness of fit. RESULTS: A total of 456 amputations were studied. Results shown that February was the month with highest frequency of amputations while winter was the annual season with highest frequency of amputations. CONCLUSIONS: Amputations of diabetic patients from Metropolitan Monterrey Mexico show a seasonal pattern being the winter months those that present highest frequency.

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We present a rare case of a patient with multiple primary acral lentiginous melanomas of the foot. We would like to highlight the importance of whole-skin examination in all patients, even by the general practitioners, aiming the maximal early detection of acral lentiginous melanomas, considering their rapid progression, early metastatic spread and extremely poor prognosis. It can be extrapolated from current literature; however, that appropriate management of these patients, including staging work and surgical intervention, is to be determined by the individual characteristics of the melanoma and the patient's concomitant risk factors, if any.

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Se realiza la investigación con el objetivo de perfeccionar la obtención del consentimiento informado en las amputaciones mayores de causa vascular en el Servicio de Angiología del Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech. Se constató debilidades en la institucionalización del consentimiento informado y específicamente en el caso de tales amputaciones. Se utilizaron métodos y técnicas del nivel empírico: encuestas a 30 pacientes con riesgo inminente de amputación. El 64% eran mayores de 65 años, 73 % femeninos, todos escolarizados y 73% residentes urbanos. Los resultados más relevantes fueron: que el 54% de los pacientes manifestaron debe existir consentimiento en la aceptación de la amputación, aunque un grupo no despreciable el 37% declinó este derecho a favor de sus familiares. A los médicos se les realizó una entrevista y aunque no hubo unanimidad de criterios, todos coincidieron en que debía legislarse este consentimiento, como parte del perfeccionamiento de los servicios de salud.

Research is conducted to improve the process of obtaining informed consent for major amputations due to vascular causes in the Angiology Service of the Manuel Ascunce Domenech Teaching Hospital. Deficiencies were identified in the institutionalization of informed consent protocols, most specifically as they relate to major lower limb amputations. Empirical methods and techniques were used. Thirty patients at imminent risk of amputation were surveyed by questionnaire methods; 64% of those surveyed were of 65 years of age, 73% were female, all of them had an average educational level, and 73% were urban residents. The results indicated that 54% of patients recognized the importance of informed consent in cases of amputation, although a rather considerable group (37%) declined this right for their families. Physicians were also interviewed and, although there was no unanimity of criteria, all of them considered that this consent should be legislated as part of the improvement of health services.

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La secuencia de bandas amnióticas es un raro desorden congénito que abarca un amplio espectro de alteraciones caracterizadas por anillos de constricción, pseudosindactilia, amputaciones y con menor frecuencia, múltiples defectos craneofaciales, viscerales y alteraciones en la pared toraco-abdominal. Su incidencia se estima entre 1 x 1 200 a 1 x 15 000 nacidos vivos; es la causa responsable del 1-2% de las malformaciones congénitas en la población general. Su ocurrencia tiene un carácter esporádico, aunque se han publicado algunos casos de recurrencia familiar, se manifiesta en ambos sexos. El objetivo fue describir el caso de un bebé nacido con esta enfermedad en la isla de Espíritu Santo, República de Vanuatu.

Amniotic bands sequence is a strange congenital disorder that embraces a wide spectrum of alterations that are characterized by constriction rings, pseudosyndactyly, amputations and less frequently multiple craniofacial defects, visceral and alterations in the thoracoabdominal wall. Incidence is considered in 1 x 1.200 to 1 x 15.000 born alive. It is the cause for 1-2 % of the congenital malformations in the general population. Their occurrence has a sporadic character, although some cases of family recurrence have been published. It is present in both sexes. The objective of this work was to describe an infant with this disease in the island of Espíritu Santo, Republic of Vanuatu.

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La amputación es un procedimiento quirúrgico que se realiza por causas que pueden ser congénitas, traumáticas o debido a enfermedades, donde la única solución es retirar el miembro que ocasiona dolor. Presentación del caso: Paciente de 63 años de edad de sexo masculino, padre de 4 hijos, procedente de la ciudad de Ibagué, es remitido al Hospital Occidente de Kennedy, al sur de la ciudad de Bogotá por un fuerte dolor en miembro inferior izquierdo que puntúa 9 en la Escala Visual Analógica, es diagnosticado con Enfermedad Oclusiva Crónica, tras su amputación su estado de ánimo, proyecto de vida, autoestima, autoconcepto, relaciones familiares, sueño y alimentación se ven afectadas de manera significativa, por lo que es remitido a la Unidad de Dolor y es valorado por el equipo de psicología; se inicia intervención para mejorar la calidad de vida de todo el sistema familiar. Discusión: Se confirma la importancia de una intervención psicológica antes, durante y después del proceso de amputación, generando mayores estrategias de afrontamiento, adaptabilidad, así como la mejora del estado de ánimo. Conclusiones: El presente caso presenta evidencia de los cambios psicológicos que afectan la esfera biopsicosocial, con la intervención psicológica se pretende contribuir a mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente...

Amputation is a surgical procedure performed for reasons that can be congenital, traumatic or due to disease, where the only solution is to remove the member that causes pain. Case presentation: patient 63-year-old male, father of 4 children, from the city of Ibague, he is attended to Kennedy Hospital south of Bogota by a sharp pain in the left lower limb, punctuating 9 in the Visual Analogue Scale, is diagnosed with occlusive disease Chronicle, after amputation, his mood, life projects, self-esteem, self-concept, family relationships, sleep and feeding are affected significantly, so it is referred to the Pain Unit and is valued by the team of psychology; intervention is initiated to improve the quality of life of the entire family system. Discussion: The importance of a psychological intervention is confirmed before, during and after the amputation, generating greater coping, adaptability and improving mood. Conclusions: This case presents evidence of the psychological changes that affect biopsychosocial sphere with psychological intervention is to contribute to improving the quality of life of patients...

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O objetivo desta investigação foi determinar a prevalência de amputações por pé diabético e analisar associações com fatores relacionados à pessoa e à atenção básica. Estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal. A amostra compreendeu 214 portadores de pé diabéticos internados em um dos quatro hospitais com especialidade cirurgia vascular de Pernambuco. Os dados foram coletados mediante questionário semiestruturado. Na análise dos dados foram aplicados os procedimentos da estatística descritiva, análise de associações de qui-quadrado e de regressão de poisson (p < 0,05). A prevalência de amputações encontrada foi de 50%. Estiveram associados à sua ocorrência fatores relacionados à pessoa: baixa escolaridade (p = 0,027), duas ou mais pessoas residentes no domicílio (p = 0,046) e renda do paciente inferior a um salário mínimo (p = 0,004). Dos fatores relacionados à atenção básica: não ter os pés examinados (RP = 1,17) e não ter recebido orientações sobre os cuidados com os pés (RP = 2,24) nas consultas realizadas no último ano, além de não usar o medicamento para controle do DM conforme prescrição (RP = 1,60) e controle inadequado da glicemia (RP = 1,83) foram associados à ocorrência de amputações. A compreensão desses fatores ajuda a identificar aspectos da assistência preventiva que precisam ser melhorados.

The scope of this investigation was to establish the prevalence of diabetic foot amputations and analyze associations with factors related to the individual and to primary health care. It is a cross-sectional epidemiological study and the sample included 214 inpatients with diabetic feet in one of the four hospitals specialized in vascular surgery in the state of Pernambuco. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. In the data analysis, chi-square association, Poisson regression (p < 0.05) and descriptive statistics procedures were applied. The prevalence of amputation ascertained was 50%. The following factors related to the individual were associated with its occurrence: low education (p = 0.027); two or more people living in the household (p = 0.046); and patient income below the minimum wage (p = 0.004). The following factors related to primary health care were associated with amputation: not having feet examined (PR = 1.17); not receiving guidance on foot care (PR = 2.24) in consultations in the past year; not using the drug for DM control as prescribed (PR = 1.60); and inadequate glycemic control (PR = 1.83). Understanding these factors helps to identify aspects of preventive care that require improvement.

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OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of diabetic foot complications among patients at a specialist diabetes clinic in Jamaica and identify factors associated with foot complications. METHODS: A stratified random sample of 188 patients were interviewed and examined between 2009 and 2010. Trained nurses obtained demographic and clinical data, measured anthropometrics and performed foot examinations including inspection for amputations, ulcers or infection and assessment of pain, vibration and pressure perception. RESULTS: Participants included 143 women and 45 men (mean age 56 years; mean diabetes duration 16 years). The prevalence of amputations was 8.5% (95% CI 4.5, 12.5%) and was higher among men (22.2%) compared to women (4.2%, p < 0.05). Prevalence of current ulcers and current foot infections was 4.3% and 3.7%, respectively. Overall, 12% of patients had at least one of these foot complications. Foot complications were more prevalent among men, patients with high blood pressure (BP > 130/80 mmHg) or peripheral neuropathy. In multivariable logistic regression models, factors associated with foot complications were: neuropathy (OR 9.3 [95% CI 2.8, 30.3]), high BP (OR 7.9 [1.3, 49.7]) and diabetes duration (OR 1.32 [1.02, 1.72]). CONCLUSION: Approximately one of every eight patients in this specialist clinic had a major foot complication. Associated factors were neuropathy, high blood pressure and longer duration of diabetes.

OBJETIVOS: Estimar la prevalencia de complicaciones de pie diabético entre pacientes de una clínica especializada en diabetes en Jamaica, e identificar los factores asociados con complicaciones de pie. SUJETOS Y MÉTODOS: Se realizaron entrevistas y exámenes a una muestra aleatoria estratificada de 188 pacientes entre 2009 y 2010. Enfermeras entrenadas obtuvieron datos demográficos y clínicos, realizaron mediciones antropométricas, así como exámenes de pie - incluyendo la inspección de las amputaciones, las úlceras o infección, y evaluación de la percepción del dolor, la vibración y la presión. RESULTADOS: Los participantes incluyeron 143 mujeres y 45 hombres (edad promedio: 56 años; duración promedio de la diabetes: 16 años). La prevalencia de las amputaciones fue 8.5% (IC de 95%: 4.5, 12.5%) y fue mayor entre los hombres (22.2%) en comparación con las mujeres (4.2%, p < 0.05). La prevalencia de las úlceras e infecciones de pie corrientes fue de 4.3% y 3.7%, respectivamente. En general, 12% de los pacientes tenían al menos una de estas complicaciones de pie. Las complicaciones de pie fueron más frecuentes entre los hombres, los pacientes con hipertensión arterial (BP > 130/80 mmHg), o con neuropatía periférica. De acuerdo con los modelos de regresión logística multivariable, los factores asociados con las complicaciones de pie fueron: la neuropatía (OR 9.3 [95% CI 2.8, 30.3]), BP alto (OR 7.9 [1.3, 49.7]) y la duración de la diabetes (OR 1.32 [1.02, 1.72]). CONCLUSIÓN: Aproximadamente uno de cada ocho pacientes en esta clínica especializada tuvo una complicación de pie importante. Los factores asociados fueron: neuropatía, presión alta y mayor duración de la diabetes.

Assuntos