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This study determined the effect of pelagic Sargassum on in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradation, total gas production (TGP), and protozoa population. The treatments were different levels of Sargassum inclusion on a basal substrate (Stargrass hay; Cynodon nlemfuensis) as follows: T0 (control treatment based on Stargrass hay), T10 (90% Stargrass hay + 10% Sargassum), T20 (80% Stargrass hay + 20% Sargassum), and T30 (70% Stargrass hay + 30% Sargassum). Ruminal fermentation kinetics and protozoa population were determined during 72 h of in vitro incubations. Compared to control, dry matter degradability at 48 and 72 h and organic matter degradability at 24 and 48 h were higher in Sargassum treatments. TGP was lower with T20 at 48 h. The total population of protozoa and the concentration of Entodinium spp. were lower at T20 at 48 h and T30 at 72 h. Cl, S, Ca, K, and Zn (103, 5.97, 88.73, 285.70 g/kg, and 15,900 mg/kg) were high in Sargassum, reaching twice or even nine times higher than the contents in Stargrass (11.37, 1.60, 43.53, 87.73 g/kg, and 866.67 mg/kg). Overall, up to 30% pelagic Sargassum could be included in hay-based substrates from tropical grasses without negative effects on in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability.

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No cultivo de peixes, um dos entraves é o gasto com a alimentação, que pode chegar até 70% dos custos de produção. Diante desse fato, os pesquisadores vêm buscando soluções, para minimizar estes custos por meio da substituição de ingredientes tradicionais por alternativos. Neste sentido, o presente estudo visa avaliar a inclusão do farelo de mamona em dietas para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo. Foram utilizados 144 animais com peso médio inicial 0,8 ± 0,01 g, distribuídos em 24 aquários de polietileno, com capacidade para 80L de água, cada um, interligados a um sistema de recirculação, emdelineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, composto por quatro tratamentos: 0,0; 3,0; 6,0 e 9,0% de farelo de mamona, com seis repetições, cada um. Ao término do período experimental foram avaliados: peso final, comprimento total, taxa de sobrevivência, ganho empeso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar aparente, taxa de eficiência proteica, fator de condição, e os índices hepatossomático e lipossomático. Ofarelo de mamona apresentou efeito linear decrescente sobre o peso final, comprimento total e ganho empeso. Desta forma, a inclusão do farelo de mamona em dietas para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo comprometeu o ganho empeso destes animais.(AU)

In fish farming, one of the barriers is the cost of food, which can reach up to 70% of production costs. Faced with this fact, researchers have been looking for solutions to minimize these costs by replacing traditional ingredients with alternative ones. In this sense, the present study aims to evaluate the inclusion of castor bean bran in diets for Nile tilapia fingerlings. We used 144 animals with a mean initial weight of 0.8 ± 0.01 g, distributed in 24 polyethylene aquariums, with a capacity of 80L ofwater, connected to a recirculation system, in a completely randomized experimental design, consisting of four treatments: 0.0; 3.0; 6.0 and 9.0% of castor bean bran, with six replications each. At the end of the experimental period, final weight, total length, survival rate, weight gain, feed intake, apparent feed conversion, protein efficiency rate, condition factor, and hepatosomatic and liposomatic index. Castor bean bran showed a decreasing linear effect on final weight, total length and weight gain. Thus, the inclusion of castor bean bran in diets for Nile tilapia fingerlings compromised the weight gain of these animals.(AU)

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of mesquite bean flour (Prosopis juliflora) as an energy ingredient in extruded diets for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Two experiments were carried out: the first consisted of a study to evaluate the chemical composition and digestibility of the energy and nutrients of MBF; the second consisted of a growth test, in which juveniles consumed diets containing different proportions of corn substitution by MBF, in which zootechnical, hematological, physiological, and metabolic variables were evaluated. It was observed that MBF has a chemical composition similar to corn, as well as the apparent digestibility of energy and nutrients. The higher sucrose/starch ratio of the ingredient stands out, as well as the difference in digestibility (p < 0.05) between the predominant carbohydrates 87.63 and 99.25% for starch and sucrose, respectively. In the growth assay, no difference was observed between zootechnical variables (p > 0.05), and sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activities were increased (p < 0.05), which was not observed for amylase and lipase (p > 0.05). The hematological variables did not change (p > 0.05). Metabolic variables indicate a reduction in gluconeogenesis from amino acids, as can be seen by the reduction in liver transaminase levels (ALT and AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), as well as the greater availability of free amino acids in plasmas (p < 0.05). Thus, it can be said that MBF has a high nutritional value and can totally replace corn in diets for juvenile tilapia and the metabolic findings indicate a potential protein-sparing effect.

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The aim of the present study was to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of gross energy, dry matter, crude protein, amino acids, and different carbohydrate fractions of spineless cactus meals (SCMs) for Nile tilapia juveniles, fed with extruded diets. Fish were fed a reference diet or one of five test diets, each of which included 70% reference diet and 30% corresponding SCM. Fecal collection was performed in modified Guelph method. The ADCs for dry matter, gross energy, and soluble carbohydrates of the "redonda" spineless cactus meal (RSCM) were higher (P < 0.05) than those of either the "IPA 20" spineless cactus meal (ISCM) or "gigante" spineless cactus meal (GSCM), and the ADCs for crude protein of the RSCM and "Orelha de elefante africana" spineless cactus meal (OEASCM) were higher than those of the other cactus meals (P < 0.05). In addition, the ADCs for dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy of the SCMs were similar to wheat middlings. The digestibility of the less soluble fraction of the evaluated carbohydrates, the non-fibrous carbohydrates, varied between 58.32 and 73.04%, indicating efficiency in the digestion and absorption process. The data obtained in this article can be the basis for growth experiments, with the substitution of traditional ingredients for SCMs. The determination of zootechnical, physiological, metabolic, and health variables can indicate the potential for using SCMs in diets for Nile tilapia.

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This study aimed to determine whether broiler chickens display a preference for Tenebrio molitor larvae (TM) meal by evaluating ingredient acceptability and birds' performance. Sixty 14-day-old male chickens were assigned into two treatment groups (5 birds/pen, n = 6) in a cafeteria-type study: the control (C) group, and the TM group. Each pen was equipped with one bell drinker and four through feeders allocated side by side; all feeders of the C group contained a complete standard diet whereas each feeder of the TM group contained one of the following ingredients: ground corn, extruded semi-whole soybean, vitamin-mineral supplement mixture, and TM meal. Feed intake was recorded daily and growth was monitored periodically up to day 32. Chickens which had access to individual feed components showed a delay to display preference for TM, but consumed, overall, up to 50% of the total intake as TM meal. Feed intake and growth performance were lower in all periods for TM group (p < 0.02), whereas feed conversion ratio was improved on days 22-28 and days 29-32 of age (p < 0.01). Data from bivariate and multidimensional analysis indicate that birds started to reach a balance of ingredient intake at 25 days of age, showing a high correlation between consumption of each ingredient and the day of the experiment. Chickens exhibited a preference for T. molitor meal, resulting in improved feed efficiency, which allows us to conclude that it can be a suitable feed alternative for poultry.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of lead contaminated golden mussel flour (GMF) as a source of calcium for broiler chickens from 14 to 42 days of age and to verify the probable effects on performance, tissue contamination, blood parameters, Pb digestibility, and bone quality. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (DIC), with four levels of Pb contamination (71.33, 147.55, 223.78, and 300 mg kg-1 Pb) in GMF, with five replicates and three birds per experimental unit. Sixty-four-day-old Cobb male broilers housed in metabolism cages were used. GMF was added to rations instead of calcitic limestone. The zootechnical variables were evaluated: feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion, as well as the digestibility of nutrients. In addition, the serum biochemistry of the birds transaminases, total bilirubin, calcium, and phosphate was studied and the concentration of lead in the tissues and the bone quality of the birds was determined. The tibia was collected for evaluation of bone quality. The levels of Pb contamination in the golden mussel did not change the performance of the birds (P ≥ 0.05) or the Pb levels in the muscle Pectoralis major, skin, liver, feather, bones, and serum, or the serum levels of ALT, GGT, and total bilirubin, however, there was an effect of Pb levels (P < 0.01) on AST concentrations. Pb levels altered the values (P < 0.01) of the apparent digestible Pb and the coefficient of apparent digestibility of Pb, with an increasing linear effect. There was no effect (P ≥ 0.05) on bone stiffness, however flexibility and bone strength were altered (P < 0.05). Serum Ca and P concentrations did not show changes (P ≥ 0.05) due to the use of Pb levels in GMF. In this study, it can be observed that the use of GMF with Pb up to 300 mg kg-1 as a source of Ca in broiler diets does not alter performance, however the use of GMF...

Objetivou-se avaliar o uso da farinha de mexilhão dourado (FMD) contaminada com chumbo como fonte de cálcio para frangos de corte de 14 a 42 dias de idade e verificar prováveis efeitos no desempenho, contaminação de tecidos, parâmetros sanguíneos, digestibilidade de Pb e qualidade óssea. O experimento foi conduzido num delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), sendo estudados quatro níveis de contaminação de Pb (71,33; 147,55; 223,78 e 300 mg kg-1 de Pb) na FMD, cinco repetições e três aves por unidade experimental. Foram utilizados 60 frangos de corte, machos, Cobb, com 14 dias de idade, alojados em gaiolas de metabolismo. A FMD foi adicionada às rações em substituição ao calcário calcítico. As variáveis zootécnicas foram avaliadas consumo de ração, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar; bem como a digestibilidade de nutrientes. Ainda, estudou-se a bioquímica sérica das aves transaminases, bilirrubina total, cálcio e fosfato; a concentração de chumbo nos tecidos e a qualidade óssea das aves. A tíbia foi coletada para avaliação da qualidade óssea. Os níveis de contaminação com Pb no mexilhão dourado não alteraram o desempenho das aves (P ≥ 0,05), bem como os teores de Pb no músculo Pectoralis major, pele, fígado, pena, ossos e soro e nos teores séricos de ALT, GGT e bilirrubina total, porém houve efeito dos níveis de Pb (P < 0,01) sobre as concentrações de AST. Os níveis de Pb alteram os valores (P < 0,01) de Pb digestível aparente e coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente de Pb, havendo efeito linear crescente. ão ocorreu efeito (P ≥ 0,05) sobre a rigidez óssea, mas a flexibilidade e resistência óssea foi alterada (P < 0,05). As concentrações séricas de Ca e P não mostraram alterações (P ≥ 0,05) pelo uso de níveis de Pb na FMD. Neste estudo pode ser observado que a utilização de FMD com Pb em até 300 mg kg -1 como fonte de Ca em dietas de frangos de corte não altera o desempenho, porém a utilização de FMD...

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of lead contaminated golden mussel flour (GMF) as a source of calcium for broiler chickens from 14 to 42 days of age and to verify the probable effects on performance, tissue contamination, blood parameters, Pb digestibility, and bone quality. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (DIC), with four levels of Pb contamination (71.33, 147.55, 223.78, and 300 mg kg-1 Pb) in GMF, with five replicates and three birds per experimental unit. Sixty-four-day-old Cobb male broilers housed in metabolism cages were used. GMF was added to rations instead of calcitic limestone. The zootechnical variables were evaluated: feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion, as well as the digestibility of nutrients. In addition, the serum biochemistry of the birds transaminases, total bilirubin, calcium, and phosphate was studied and the concentration of lead in the tissues and the bone quality of the birds was determined. The tibia was collected for evaluation of bone quality. The levels of Pb contamination in the golden mussel did not change the performance of the birds (P ≥ 0.05) or the Pb levels in the muscle Pectoralis major, skin, liver, feather, bones, and serum, or the serum levels of ALT, GGT, and total bilirubin, however, there was an effect of Pb levels (P < 0.01) on AST concentrations. Pb levels altered the values (P < 0.01) of the apparent digestible Pb and the coefficient of apparent digestibility of Pb, with an increasing linear effect. There was no effect (P ≥ 0.05) on bone stiffness, however flexibility and bone strength were altered (P < 0.05). Serum Ca and P concentrations did not show changes (P ≥ 0.05) due to the use of Pb levels in GMF. In this study, it can be observed that the use of GMF with Pb up to 300 mg kg-1 as a source of Ca in broiler diets does not alter performance, however the use of GMF...(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o uso da farinha de mexilhão dourado (FMD) contaminada com chumbo como fonte de cálcio para frangos de corte de 14 a 42 dias de idade e verificar prováveis efeitos no desempenho, contaminação de tecidos, parâmetros sanguíneos, digestibilidade de Pb e qualidade óssea. O experimento foi conduzido num delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), sendo estudados quatro níveis de contaminação de Pb (71,33; 147,55; 223,78 e 300 mg kg-1 de Pb) na FMD, cinco repetições e três aves por unidade experimental. Foram utilizados 60 frangos de corte, machos, Cobb, com 14 dias de idade, alojados em gaiolas de metabolismo. A FMD foi adicionada às rações em substituição ao calcário calcítico. As variáveis zootécnicas foram avaliadas consumo de ração, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar; bem como a digestibilidade de nutrientes. Ainda, estudou-se a bioquímica sérica das aves transaminases, bilirrubina total, cálcio e fosfato; a concentração de chumbo nos tecidos e a qualidade óssea das aves. A tíbia foi coletada para avaliação da qualidade óssea. Os níveis de contaminação com Pb no mexilhão dourado não alteraram o desempenho das aves (P ≥ 0,05), bem como os teores de Pb no músculo Pectoralis major, pele, fígado, pena, ossos e soro e nos teores séricos de ALT, GGT e bilirrubina total, porém houve efeito dos níveis de Pb (P < 0,01) sobre as concentrações de AST. Os níveis de Pb alteram os valores (P < 0,01) de Pb digestível aparente e coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente de Pb, havendo efeito linear crescente. ão ocorreu efeito (P ≥ 0,05) sobre a rigidez óssea, mas a flexibilidade e resistência óssea foi alterada (P < 0,05). As concentrações séricas de Ca e P não mostraram alterações (P ≥ 0,05) pelo uso de níveis de Pb na FMD. Neste estudo pode ser observado que a utilização de FMD com Pb em até 300 mg kg -1 como fonte de Ca em dietas de frangos de corte não altera o desempenho, porém a utilização de FMD...(AU)

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ABSTRACT The effects of increasing levels of soybean acid oil in diets of quails on the quality of eggs were evaluated over a period of 56 days. A completely randomized design with five treatment levels of soybean acid oil (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%) as a replacer for soybean oil and eight replicates of two quails each were used. A total of 240 fresh eggs were used for quality analysis, and 400 eggs were stored at 23ºC over a period of 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days for analysis of shelf-life. Polynomial regression and ANOVA with repeated measurements and Tukey´s tests were used. Soybean acid oil linearly increased the intensity of red (a* = -5.26 + 0.14 x, R2 = 0.89, P = 0.01) and yellow (b* = 42.32 + 0.44 x, R2 = 0.88 P = 0.01). All other variables of egg quality were not affected by the treatments, with the exception of sensory attributes, such as odor and aftertaste, which were more pronounced with soybean acid oil. In conclusion, soybean acid oil affects the intensity of yellow and red color of the yolk. Trained assessors detected differences in odor and aftertaste of eggs when soybean acid oil was included in the quail diet.

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This study evaluated the dietary inclusion of a fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) derived from from tilapia trimmings, on physiological and growth parameters of juveniles of Arapaima gigas. A total of 180 arapaima juveniles (91.4 ± 2.7 g) were used in a complete randomized design with six treatments (n = 3). Fish were fed to apparent satiation four times a day for eight weeks, with diets containing increasing inclusion levels of FPH (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%). FPH diets did not affect growth and hemato-biochemical parameters of arapaima juveniles. The FPH from tilapia trimmings seems to be a suitable ingredient for arapaima over 90 g feeds, at least up to 20% inclusion level. No bioactive effects of the FPH could be detected.(AU)

Este estudo avaliou a inclusão na dieta de um hidrolisado de proteína de peixe (FPH) derivado de aparas de tilápia sobre parâmetros fisiológicos, crescimento e composição proximal do músculo de juvenis de Arapaima gigas. Cento e oitenta juvenis de arapaima (91,4 ± 2,7 g) foram utilizados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos (n = 3). Os peixes foram alimentados até saciedade aparente quatro vezes por dia durante oito semanas, com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de inclusão de FPH (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 e 20%). As dietas de FPH não afetaram o crescimento e os parâmetros hemato-bioquímicos de juvenis de arapaima. O FPH de aparas de tilápia parece ser um ingrediente adequado para rações de arapaima acima de 90 g, pelo menos até 20% de inclusão. Nenhum efeito bioativo da FPH pode ser detectado.(AU)

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This study evaluated the dietary inclusion of a fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) derived from from tilapia trimmings, on physiological and growth parameters of juveniles of Arapaima gigas. A total of 180 arapaima juveniles (91.4 ± 2.7 g) were used in a complete randomized design with six treatments (n = 3). Fish were fed to apparent satiation four times a day for eight weeks, with diets containing increasing inclusion levels of FPH (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%). FPH diets did not affect growth and hemato-biochemical parameters of arapaima juveniles. The FPH from tilapia trimmings seems to be a suitable ingredient for arapaima over 90 g feeds, at least up to 20% inclusion level. No bioactive effects of the FPH could be detected.

Este estudo avaliou a inclusão na dieta de um hidrolisado de proteína de peixe (FPH) derivado de aparas de tilápia sobre parâmetros fisiológicos, crescimento e composição proximal do músculo de juvenis de Arapaima gigas. Cento e oitenta juvenis de arapaima (91,4 ± 2,7 g) foram utilizados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos (n = 3). Os peixes foram alimentados até saciedade aparente quatro vezes por dia durante oito semanas, com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de inclusão de FPH (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 e 20%). As dietas de FPH não afetaram o crescimento e os parâmetros hemato-bioquímicos de juvenis de arapaima. O FPH de aparas de tilápia parece ser um ingrediente adequado para rações de arapaima acima de 90 g, pelo menos até 20% de inclusão. Nenhum efeito bioativo da FPH pode ser detectado.

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We aimed to evaluate the effects of shed roof(SR) typeand the inclusion of babassu pie (BP) in rations on the productive characteristics ofmeat quailsfrom days 14 to 28 and days14 to 40. We studied 896 meatquails. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 4x4 factorial arrangement, using four types of shedroofs (fiber cement, ceramic, straw, and painted fiber cement) and four rations (with 0, 5, 10, and 15% inclusion of babassu pie). The performance variables evaluated from 14 to 28 and 14 to 40 days included food intake (FI, g/bird), mean weight gain (WG, g/bird), food conversion (FC, g/g), mean live weight on day 28 (MW28, g/bird), mean live weight on day 40 (MW40, g/bird), and energy efficiency (EF; g Mcal). After slautherthe birds on day 40, we measured the carcass weight (CW) and the carcass yield (CY, %), obtained for the breast (BY), legs (LGY), and wings (WINGY). We also obtained the relative weight of the heart (HRW), liver (LRW), gizzard (GRW), and intestine (IRW). To compare the economic efficiency between the experimental rations, we analyzed the cost of ration per kg of carcass (CC) and determined the gross margin (GM). Between day 14 and day 28, we found that the use of SR influenced the FI28, WG28, and the MW28 of the quails (p 0.05). BP did not affect FI28 (p > 0.05), but it linearly improved WG28, FC28, MW28, and EF28. Between days 14 and 40, we found that SR influenced the WG40, FC40, MW40, and EF40 of the quails (p < 0.05) and thata BP increased the FI40, WG40, and MW40 in a quadratic manner. SR and BP did not affect the CW,BY, WINGY, LGY, HRW, LRW,or IRW. However, BP influenced MGRW, which increased linearly withthe inclusion of BP. We concluded that a ceramic roof provides better environmental conditions than doother shed roofs. The inclusion of BP improved the performance characteristics, and it was technicallyfeasible to include up to 15% BP in the rations of meat quails...(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do tipo de cobertura do galpão (TC) e da inclusão da torta de babaçu nas rações (TB), sobre as características produtivas de codornas de corte dos 14 aos 28 e dos 14 aos 40 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas 896 codornas de linhagem de corte. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 4x4, sendo quatro tipos de coberturas nos galpões (fibrocimento, cerâmica, palha e fibrocimento pintado) e quatro rações (0, 5, 10 e 15% de inclusão de torta de babaçu). As variáveis de desempenho avaliadas dos 14 aos 28 e dos 14 aos 40 dias foram: consumo de ração (CR; g/ave), ganho de peso médio (GP; g/ave), conversão alimentar (CA; g/g), peso vivo médio aos 28 dias (PM28; g/ave); peso vivo médio aos 40 dias (PM40; g/ave) e eficiência energética (EF; g/Mcal) e após o abate no 40º dia, foi obtido o peso da carcaça (PC) e o rendimento (%) de carcaça (RC) de peito (RP), pernas (RPN) e asas (RASA), bem como os pesos relativos do coração (PRC), fígado (PRF), moela (PRM) e intestino (PRI). Para comparar a eficiência econômica entre as rações experimentais determinou-se o custo com alimentação por kg de carcaça (CC) e a margem bruta (MB). No período de 14 a 28 dias observou-se que o TC influenciou (P 0,05) o CR28, GP28 e o PM28 das codornas. A TB não afetou (P > 0,05) o CR28, mas melhorou linearmente o GP28, a CA28, o PM28 e a EF28. No período de 14 a 40 dias observou-se que o TC influenciou (P < 0,05) o GP40, a CA40, o PM40e a EF40 das codornas e a TB aumentou de forma quadrática o CR40, GP40 e o PM40. Não houve efeitode TC e TB no PC, RP, RASA, RPN, PRC, PRF, PRI, entretanto a TB influenciou o PRM, que aumentoulinearmente com a inclusão de TB. Concluiu-se que a cobertura de cerâmica proporciona melhorescondições ambientais em relação às demais coberturas. A inclusão de TB melhorou as característicasde desempenho sendo tecnicamente viável a inclusão de até 15% nas rações de codornas de corte...(AU)

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of palm kernel (Elaeis guineensis) cake in diets for goats on feeding behaviors, rectal temperature, and cardiac and respiratory frequencies. Forty crossbred Boer male, non-castrated goats (ten animals per treatment), with an average age of 90 days and an initial body weight of 15.01 ± 1.76 kg, were used. The goats were fed Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) hay and palm kernel supplemented at the rates of 0, 7, 14, and 21% of dry matter (DM). The feeding behaviors (rumination, feeding, and idling times) were observed for three 24-h periods. DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake values were estimated as the difference between the total DM and NDF contents of the feed offered and the total DM and NDF contents of the orts. There was no effect of palm kernel cake inclusion in goat diets on DM intake (P > 0.05). However, palm kernel cake promoted a linear increase (P < 0.05) in NDF intake and time spent feeding and ruminating (min/day; %; period) and a linear decrease in time spent idling. Palm kernel cakes had no effects (P > 0.05) on the chewing, feeding, and rumination efficiency (DM and NDF) or on physiological variables. The use up to 21% palm kernel cake in the diet of crossbred Boer goats maintained the feeding behaviors and did not change the physiological parameters of goats; therefore, its use is recommended in the diet of these animals.

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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de utilização do glúten de trigo em dietas para tilápia-do-nilo (Orechromisniloticus), através de estudos de digestibilidade e desempenho produtivo de larvas. Para o estudo de digestibilidade foi elaboradauma dieta referência e uma dieta teste, contendo glúten de trigo. Utilizou-se o óxido de crômio III como marcador inerte. As fezescoletadas foram destinadas à análise de composição química, assim como as rações e o ingrediente teste. Além disso, foi realizadaanálise de leitura de óxido de crômio das fezes e das dietas. Os resultados obtidos por meio dessas análises foram utilizadospara calcular os coeficientes de digestibilidade. Com base nesses coeficientes foram elaboradas as dietas experimentais dosestudos de dose-resposta para larvas. Foram formuladas cinco dietas experimentais com diferentes níveis de inclusão de glútende trigo, sendo de 0%; 2,5%; 5,0%, 7,5% e 10%. Ao final do experimento foram avaliados o desempenho produtivo dos animais.Os dados de desempenho foram submetidos à análise de regressão linear a 5% de probabilidade. O glúten de trigo apresentaelevados coeficientes de digestibilidade para matéria seca, proteína bruta e energia bruta, sendo de 94,02; 98,18 e 96,90%,respectivamente. A análise de regressão demonstrou um efeito linear negativo quanto ao comprimento final e sobrevivência daslarvas conforme aumentou-se o nível desse alimento. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o glúten de trigo é um ingrediente potencialpara ser utilizado em dietas para tilápia-do-nilo, não sendo recomendada sua inclusão na fase larval.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the utilization potential of wheat gluten in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)through studies of digestibility and productive performance of larvae. For the digestibility study was elaborated a reference dietand a test diet containing wheat gluten. Chromium oxide-III was used as an inert marker. The collected faeces were destined toanalysis of chemists compounds as the feed, and the test ingredient. Besides, reading chromium oxide analysis was performed in thefaeces and diets. The results obtained through these analyses were used to calculate the digestibility coefficients. Based on thesecoefficients, experimental diets were elaborated for the dose-response studies in larvae. For the experiment, five experimental dietswere formulated with different inclusion levels of wheat gluten, with 0%; 2,5%; 5,0%, 7,5% and 10%. At the end of the experiment,the productive performance was evaluated. The performance data were submitted to linear regression with 5% of probability. Thewheat gluten presents high digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and gross energy with 94,02; 98.18 and 96.90%,respectively. The regression analyses showed a negative linear effect on the final length and survival of the larvae when the levelof this food was increased. Thus, it is concluded that wheat gluten is a potential ingredient to be utilized in diets for Nile tilapia, notbeing recommended its inclusion in the larvae period.(AU)

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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de utilização do glúten de trigo em dietas para tilápia-do-nilo (Orechromis niloticus), através de estudos de digestibilidade e desempenho produtivo de larvas. Para o estudo de digestibilidade foi elaborada uma dieta referência e uma dieta teste, contendo glúten de trigo. Utilizou-se o óxido de crômio III como marcador inerte. As fezes coletadas foram destinadas à análise de composição química, assim como as rações e o ingrediente teste. Além disso, foi realizada análise de leitura de óxido de crômio das fezes e das dietas. Os resultados obtidos por meio dessas análises foram utilizados para calcular os coeficientes de digestibilidade. Com base nesses coeficientes foram elaboradas as dietas experimentais dos estudos de dose-resposta para larvas. Foram formuladas cinco dietas experimentais com diferentes níveis de inclusão de glúten de trigo, sendo de 0%; 2,5%; 5,0%, 7,5% e 10%. Ao final do experimento foram avaliados o desempenho produtivo dos animais. Os dados de desempenho foram submetidos à análise de regressão linear a 5% de probabilidade. O glúten de trigo apresenta elevados coeficientes de digestibilidade para matéria seca, proteína bruta e energia bruta, sendo de 94,02; 98,18 e 96,90%, respectivamente. A análise de regressão demonstrou um efeito linear negativo quanto ao comprimento final e sobrevivência das larvas conforme aumentou-se o nível desse alimento. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o glúten de trigo é um ingrediente potencial para ser utilizado em dietas para tilápia-do-nilo, não sendo recomendada sua inclusão na fase larval.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the utilization potential of wheat gluten in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through studies of digestibility and productive performance of larvae. For the digestibility study was elaborated a reference diet and a test diet containing wheat gluten. Chromium oxide-III was used as an inert marker. The collected faeces were destined to analysis of chemists compounds as the feed, and the test ingredient. Besides, reading chromium oxide analysis was performed in the faeces and diets. The results obtained through these analyses were used to calculate the digestibility coefficients. Based on these coefficients, experimental diets were elaborated for the dose-response studies in larvae. For the experiment, five experimental diets were formulated with different inclusion levels of wheat gluten, with 0%; 2,5%; 5,0%, 7,5% and 10%. At the end of the experiment, the productive performance was evaluated. The performance data were submitted to linear regression with 5% of probability. The wheat gluten presents high digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and gross energy with 94,02; 98.18 and 96.90%, respectively. The regression analyses showed a negative linear effect on the final length and survival of the larvae when the level of this food was increased. Thus, it is concluded that wheat gluten is a potential ingredient to be utilized in diets for Nile tilapia, not being recommended its inclusion in the larvae period.

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We aimed to evaluate the effects of shed roof(SR) typeand the inclusion of babassu pie (BP) in rations on the productive characteristics ofmeat quailsfrom days 14 to 28 and days14 to 40. We studied 896 meatquails. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 4x4 factorial arrangement, using four types of shedroofs (fiber cement, ceramic, straw, and painted fiber cement) and four rations (with 0, 5, 10, and 15% inclusion of babassu pie). The performance variables evaluated from 14 to 28 and 14 to 40 days included food intake (FI, g/bird), mean weight gain (WG, g/bird), food conversion (FC, g/g), mean live weight on day 28 (MW28, g/bird), mean live weight on day 40 (MW40, g/bird), and energy efficiency (EF; g Mcal). After slautherthe birds on day 40, we measured the carcass weight (CW) and the carcass yield (CY, %), obtained for the breast (BY), legs (LGY), and wings (WINGY). We also obtained the relative weight of the heart (HRW), liver (LRW), gizzard (GRW), and intestine (IRW). To compare the economic efficiency between the experimental rations, we analyzed the cost of ration per kg of carcass (CC) and determined the gross margin (GM). Between day 14 and day 28, we found that the use of SR influenced the FI28, WG28, and the MW28 of the quails (p 0.05). BP did not affect FI28 (p > 0.05), but it linearly improved WG28, FC28, MW28, and EF28. Between days 14 and 40, we found that SR influenced the WG40, FC40, MW40, and EF40 of the quails (p < 0.05) and thata BP increased the FI40, WG40, and MW40 in a quadratic manner. SR and BP did not affect the CW,BY, WINGY, LGY, HRW, LRW,or IRW. However, BP influenced MGRW, which increased linearly withthe inclusion of BP. We concluded that a ceramic roof provides better environmental conditions than doother shed roofs. The inclusion of BP improved the performance characteristics, and it was technicallyfeasible to include up to 15% BP in the rations of meat quails...

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do tipo de cobertura do galpão (TC) e da inclusão da torta de babaçu nas rações (TB), sobre as características produtivas de codornas de corte dos 14 aos 28 e dos 14 aos 40 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas 896 codornas de linhagem de corte. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 4x4, sendo quatro tipos de coberturas nos galpões (fibrocimento, cerâmica, palha e fibrocimento pintado) e quatro rações (0, 5, 10 e 15% de inclusão de torta de babaçu). As variáveis de desempenho avaliadas dos 14 aos 28 e dos 14 aos 40 dias foram: consumo de ração (CR; g/ave), ganho de peso médio (GP; g/ave), conversão alimentar (CA; g/g), peso vivo médio aos 28 dias (PM28; g/ave); peso vivo médio aos 40 dias (PM40; g/ave) e eficiência energética (EF; g/Mcal) e após o abate no 40º dia, foi obtido o peso da carcaça (PC) e o rendimento (%) de carcaça (RC) de peito (RP), pernas (RPN) e asas (RASA), bem como os pesos relativos do coração (PRC), fígado (PRF), moela (PRM) e intestino (PRI). Para comparar a eficiência econômica entre as rações experimentais determinou-se o custo com alimentação por kg de carcaça (CC) e a margem bruta (MB). No período de 14 a 28 dias observou-se que o TC influenciou (P 0,05) o CR28, GP28 e o PM28 das codornas. A TB não afetou (P > 0,05) o CR28, mas melhorou linearmente o GP28, a CA28, o PM28 e a EF28. No período de 14 a 40 dias observou-se que o TC influenciou (P < 0,05) o GP40, a CA40, o PM40e a EF40 das codornas e a TB aumentou de forma quadrática o CR40, GP40 e o PM40. Não houve efeitode TC e TB no PC, RP, RASA, RPN, PRC, PRF, PRI, entretanto a TB influenciou o PRM, que aumentoulinearmente com a inclusão de TB. Concluiu-se que a cobertura de cerâmica proporciona melhorescondições ambientais em relação às demais coberturas. A inclusão de TB melhorou as característicasde desempenho sendo tecnicamente viável a inclusão de até 15% nas rações de codornas de corte...

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This study evaluated the effect of canola meal and oil in quail diet on productive performance, egg quality and bone characteristics. Quails (n = 84) with 150-days-of-age and average weight of 234±17 g were used in this experiment that lasted 84 days. The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 7 replications with 3 birds each. Four diets were formulated: SM+SO - control diet with soybean meal and oil; MC+SO - 25% replacement of soybean meal with canola meal; MC+CO - 25% replacement of soybean meal with canola meal and complete replacement of canola oil with soybean oil; SM+OC - control diet with soybean meal and canola oil. Productive performance, internal and external egg quality and bone characteristics were evaluated. The diet with canola meal and oil (MC+CO) decreased (p 0.05) feed conversion. Albumen height was lower (p 0.05) for treatments with canola meal and oil (MC+CO). Regardless of the oil used, the dietary canola meal (MC+SO and MC+CO) reduced the weight and length of tibia (p 0.05), but increased its ash content (p 0.05). The mixture of canola oil and meal decreases feed conversion, and negatively affects internal egg quality and bone characteristics of quails.

Este estudo avaliou o efeito do farelo e do óleo de canola na dieta de codornas sobre o desempenho produtivo, qualidade de ovos e características ósseas. Foram utilizadas 84 codornas com 150 dias de idade e peso médio de 234±17 g por um período de 84 dias. Foi utilizado um delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com 4 tratamentos, 7 repetições com 3 aves cada. Foram formuladas quatro dietas: FS+OS - dieta controle com farelo e óleo de soja; FC+OS - 25% de substituição do farelo de soja pelo de canola; FC+OC - 25% de substituição do farelo de soja pelo de canola e óleo de canola substituindo totalmente o óleo de soja; FS+OC - dieta controle com farelo de soja e óleo de canola. Foi avaliado o desempenho produtivo, a qualidade interna e externa dos ovos e as características ósseas. A dieta com farelo e o óleo de canola (FC+OC) piorou (p 0,05) a conversão alimentar. A altura do albúmen foi menor (p 0,05) para os tratamentos com farelo e óleo de canola (FC+OC). Independentemente do óleo utilizado o farelo de canola (FC+OS e FC+OC) na dieta reduziu (p 0,05) o peso e o comprimento das tíbias, porém aumentou (p 0,05) o teor de cinzas. A mistura de óleo e farelo de canola piora a conversão alimentar, afeta negativamente a qualidade interna dos ovos e as características ósseas das codornas.

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This study evaluated the effect of canola meal and oil in quail diet on productive performance, egg quality and bone characteristics. Quails (n = 84) with 150-days-of-age and average weight of 234±17 g were used in this experiment that lasted 84 days. The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 7 replications with 3 birds each. Four diets were formulated: SM+SO - control diet with soybean meal and oil; MC+SO - 25% replacement of soybean meal with canola meal; MC+CO - 25% replacement of soybean meal with canola meal and complete replacement of canola oil with soybean oil; SM+OC - control diet with soybean meal and canola oil. Productive performance, internal and external egg quality and bone characteristics were evaluated. The diet with canola meal and oil (MC+CO) decreased (p 0.05) feed conversion. Albumen height was lower (p 0.05) for treatments with canola meal and oil (MC+CO). Regardless of the oil used, the dietary canola meal (MC+SO and MC+CO) reduced the weight and length of tibia (p 0.05), but increased its ash content (p 0.05). The mixture of canola oil and meal decreases feed conversion, and negatively affects internal egg quality and bone characteristics of quails.(AU)

Este estudo avaliou o efeito do farelo e do óleo de canola na dieta de codornas sobre o desempenho produtivo, qualidade de ovos e características ósseas. Foram utilizadas 84 codornas com 150 dias de idade e peso médio de 234±17 g por um período de 84 dias. Foi utilizado um delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com 4 tratamentos, 7 repetições com 3 aves cada. Foram formuladas quatro dietas: FS+OS - dieta controle com farelo e óleo de soja; FC+OS - 25% de substituição do farelo de soja pelo de canola; FC+OC - 25% de substituição do farelo de soja pelo de canola e óleo de canola substituindo totalmente o óleo de soja; FS+OC - dieta controle com farelo de soja e óleo de canola. Foi avaliado o desempenho produtivo, a qualidade interna e externa dos ovos e as características ósseas. A dieta com farelo e o óleo de canola (FC+OC) piorou (p 0,05) a conversão alimentar. A altura do albúmen foi menor (p 0,05) para os tratamentos com farelo e óleo de canola (FC+OC). Independentemente do óleo utilizado o farelo de canola (FC+OS e FC+OC) na dieta reduziu (p 0,05) o peso e o comprimento das tíbias, porém aumentou (p 0,05) o teor de cinzas. A mistura de óleo e farelo de canola piora a conversão alimentar, afeta negativamente a qualidade interna dos ovos e as características ósseas das codornas.(AU)

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This study evaluated the effect of different levels of canola meal in the diet to laying Japanese quails on productive performance, egg quality and economic viability. A total of 120 80-day-old Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with average weight 146.54 ± 12 g were evaluated during 84 days. Dietary treatments consisted of the replacement of soybean meal with canola meal at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50%. We evaluated economic viability, productive performance, internal and external quality of eggs. Data were analyzed by polynomial regression at 5%. Body weight decreased linearly as the level of canola meal increased (p = 0.0055). Egg weight (p = 0.0032) and diameter (p = 0.0398) showed a quadratic response, increasing up to 30% substitution with subsequent reduction. Yolk color increased linearly as the level of canola meal increased (p = 0.0039). Canola meal can substitute soybean meal up to 30% without impairing productive performance, egg quality and diet cost.

Este estudo avaliou o efeito de níveis dietéticos de farelo de canola para codornas japonesas em postura sobre o desempenho produtivo, a qualidade dos ovos e a viabilidade econômica. Foram utilizadas 120 codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) com peso médio de 146,54 ± 12 g e 80 dias de idade foram avaliadas por 84 dias. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de níveis de substituição do farelo de soja pelo farelo de canola em 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 ou 50% na dieta. Foi avaliada a viabilidade econômica, o desempenho produtivo, a qualidade interna e a externa dos ovos. Os dados foram analisados por meio de regressão polinomial com 5% de significância. O peso corporal diminuiu linearmente com o aumento do nível de farelo de canola (p = 0,0055). O peso do ovo (p = 0,0032) e o diâmetro (p = 0,0398) apresentaram respostas quadráticas, aumentando até o nível de 30% de substituição e reduzindo posteriormente. A cor da gema aumentou de forma linear com o aumento do nível de farelo de canola (p = 0,0039). O farelo de canola pode substituir o farelo de soja em até 30% sem prejudicar o desempenho produtivo, qualidade do ovo e custo de dieta.

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RESUMO

This study evaluated the effect of different levels of canola meal in the diet to laying Japanese quails on productive performance, egg quality and economic viability. A total of 120 80-day-old Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with average weight 146.54 ± 12 g were evaluated during 84 days. Dietary treatments consisted of the replacement of soybean meal with canola meal at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50%. We evaluated economic viability, productive performance, internal and external quality of eggs. Data were analyzed by polynomial regression at 5%. Body weight decreased linearly as the level of canola meal increased (p = 0.0055). Egg weight (p = 0.0032) and diameter (p = 0.0398) showed a quadratic response, increasing up to 30% substitution with subsequent reduction. Yolk color increased linearly as the level of canola meal increased (p = 0.0039). Canola meal can substitute soybean meal up to 30% without impairing productive performance, egg quality and diet cost.(AU)

Este estudo avaliou o efeito de níveis dietéticos de farelo de canola para codornas japonesas em postura sobre o desempenho produtivo, a qualidade dos ovos e a viabilidade econômica. Foram utilizadas 120 codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) com peso médio de 146,54 ± 12 g e 80 dias de idade foram avaliadas por 84 dias. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de níveis de substituição do farelo de soja pelo farelo de canola em 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 ou 50% na dieta. Foi avaliada a viabilidade econômica, o desempenho produtivo, a qualidade interna e a externa dos ovos. Os dados foram analisados por meio de regressão polinomial com 5% de significância. O peso corporal diminuiu linearmente com o aumento do nível de farelo de canola (p = 0,0055). O peso do ovo (p = 0,0032) e o diâmetro (p = 0,0398) apresentaram respostas quadráticas, aumentando até o nível de 30% de substituição e reduzindo posteriormente. A cor da gema aumentou de forma linear com o aumento do nível de farelo de canola (p = 0,0039). O farelo de canola pode substituir o farelo de soja em até 30% sem prejudicar o desempenho produtivo, qualidade do ovo e custo de dieta.(AU)

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An outstanding feature of poultry production that provides animal protein yield for human feeding is its short production cycle. This characteristic has a linear relationship with waste production. Increasing the inclusion of this residue in diets in the near future is desirable in step with the growth of poultry production since it offers a better environmental and nutritional alternative to current methods. We evaluated the effects on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens produced by the inclusion of poultry offal meal (POM) in their feed. Treatments consisted of a control diet (corn, Zea mays and soybean, Glycine max) and four diets with inclusion of 30, 60, 90 and 120 g kg-1 of POM. The diets were formulated based on the level of digestible amino acid once categorized as isocalcic, isophosphoric, isosodic, isoenergetic and isonutritive for protein, methionine+cystine, lysine and threonine. The feed's electrolytes were corrected so that each diet had the same electrolytic balance. The variables analyzed were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, body weight, carcass yield, chicken cut yield and abdominal fat. Feed intake was not affected by the quantities of POM added. The weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield and noble cuts presented quadratic responses to the treatments. Abdominal fat increased linearly. The performance of the poultry, and carcass characteristics were maximized by the inclusion of 53 and 65 g kg-1, respectively, of POM in the diet, and the inclusion of 120 g kg-1 of POM provided greater disposition of abdominal fat.

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