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El fibrotecoma ovárico es una neoplasia poco frecuente. Se observa, por lo general, como un tumor sólido unilateral, de tamaño variable, en mujeres premenopáusicas. En su mayoría es benigno y puede ser funcional. En el artículo se describe el diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta rara enfermedad. Se presenta un caso de fibrotecoma ovárico gigante en una paciente adolescente de 18 años de edad, con un embarazo de 34 semanas, a quien se le practicó una cesárea y la exéresis de la lesión, sin complicaciones interoperatorias ni postoperatorias.

Ovarian fibrothecoma is a rare neoplasm. It is usually seen as a unilateral solid tumor of variable size in premenopausal women. It is mostly benign and may be functional. This article describes the diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease. We present an 18-year-old female adolescent patient with a 34-week pregnancy and a giant ovarian fibrothecoma; she underwent a cesarean section and excision of the lesion without intra- or postoperative complications.

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Introducción. La escala de Tanner y el orquidómetro de Prader son los instrumentos más utilizados para evaluar el desarrollo puberal en los niños. La evaluación de la pubertad en la clínica solo es útil si se dispone de datos de referencia recientes y confiables de la misma población para comparar. Objetivo: evaluar la correlación entre los estadios de Tanner y el volumen testicular (VT) en adolescentes argentinos. Población y métodos. Diseño descriptivo transversal, realizado con varones saludables de 9 a 20 años de edad. Se excluyeron varones con patología urogenital y enfermedades que afectan el crecimiento testicular. La correlación entre estadios de Tanner y VT fue evaluada con pruebas no paramétricas. Resultados. Se evaluaron 367 varones con una edad de 13,8 ± 2,5 años. El VT aumentó en correlación a los estadios de Tanner (Spearman 0,943; p <0,001) con volúmenes significativamente diferentes, salvo en los estadios iniciales genital 1-2 (p 0,343) y vello púbico 1-2 (p 0,447). El 16 % (intervalo de confianza del 95 % 9,6-24,4 %; n = 17/106) de los varones peripuberales fue clasificado erróneamente basado en los estadios de Tanner. Conclusiones. Durante la pubertad masculina, el VT aumentó en correlación con los estadios de Tanner, pero no presentó diferencias significativas entre los estadios 1 y 2 de Tanner. Es fundamental el uso del orquidómetro de Prader para detectar el inicio puberal en varones.

Introduction. The Tanner scale and the Prader orchidometer are the instruments most commonly used to assess pubertal development in children. The assessment of puberty in the clinic is only useful if recent and reliable references in the same population are available for comparison. Objective: to assess the correlation between Tanner stages and testicular volume (TV) in Argentine adolescents. Population and methods. Study with a descriptive, cross-sectional design conducted in healthy boys aged 9­20 years. Male children and adolescents with urogenital conditions and disorders affecting testicular growth were excluded. The correlation between Tanner stages and TV was assessed using non-parametric tests. Results. A total of 367 male adolescents with an average age of 13.8 ± 2.5 years were assessed. TV increased in correlation to Tanner stages (Spearman: 0.943, p < 0.001) with significantly different volumes, except in the early genital 1-2 stages (p 0.343) and pubic hair 1-2 stages (p 0.447). Among peripubertal boys, 16% (95% confidence interval: 9.6­24.4%, n = 17/106) were wrongly classified based on Tanner stages. Conclusions. During male puberty, TV increased in correlation to Tanner stages, but no significant differences were observed between Tanner stages 1 and 2. Using the Prader orchidometer is critical to establish the onset of puberty in boys

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Introduction. The Tanner scale and the Prader orchidometer are the instruments most commonly used to assess pubertal development in children. The assessment of puberty in the clinic is only useful if recent and reliable references in the same population are available for comparison. Objective: to assess the correlation between Tanner stages and testicular volume (TV) in Argentine adolescents. Population and methods. Study with a descriptive, cross-sectional design conducted in healthy boys aged 9-20 years. Male children and adolescents with urogenital conditions and disorders affecting testicular growth were excluded. The correlation between Tanner stages and TV was assessed using non-parametric tests. Results. A total of 367 male adolescents with an average age of 13.8 ± 2.5 years were assessed. TV increased in correlation to Tanner stages (Spearman: 0.943, p < 0.001) with significantly different  volumes, except in the early genital 1-2 stages (p 0.343) and pubic hair 1-2 stages (p 0.447). Among peripubertal boys, 16% (95% confidence interval: 9.6-24.4%, n = 17/106) were wrongly classified based on Tanner stages. Conclusions. During  male  puberty,  TV  increased  in  correlation  to  Tanner  stages,  but  no  significant differences were observed between Tanner stages 1 and 2. Using the Prader orchidometer is critical to establish the onset of puberty in boys.

Introducción. La escala de Tanner y el orquidómetro de Prader son los instrumentos más utilizados para evaluar el desarrollo puberal en los niños. La evaluación de la pubertad en la clínica solo es útil si se dispone de datos de referencia recientes y confiables de la misma población para comparar. Objetivo: evaluar la correlación entre los estadios de Tanner y el volumen testicular (VT) en adolescentes argentinos. Población y métodos. Diseño descriptivo transversal, realizado con varones saludables de 9 a 20 años de edad. Se excluyeron varones con patología urogenital y enfermedades que afectan el crecimiento testicular. La correlación entre estadios de Tanner y VT fue evaluada con pruebas no paramétricas. Resultados. Se evaluaron 367 varones con una edad de 13,8 ± 2,5 años. El VT aumentó en correlación a los estadios de Tanner (Spearman 0,943; p <0,001) con volúmenes significativamente diferentes, salvo en los estadios iniciales genital 1-2 (p 0,343) y vello púbico 1-2 (p 0,447). El 16 % (intervalo de confianza del 95 % 9,6-24,4 %; n = 17/106) de los varones peripuberales fue clasificado erróneamente basado en los estadios de Tanner. Conclusiones. Durante la pubertad masculina, el VT aumentó en correlación con los estadios de Tanner, pero no presentó diferencias significativas entre los estadios 1 y 2 de Tanner. Es fundamental el uso del orquidómetro de Prader para detectar el inicio puberal en varones.

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Fundamento: el embarazo en adolescentes es una preocupación a nivel mundial, sobre todo para las naciones en desarrollo. Objetivo: determinar la efectividad de un programa educativo para el control de factores de riesgo modificables asociados al embarazo en la adolescencia, en el Consultorio Médico 5 de Esperanza entre febrero 2020-febrero de 2022. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de intervención de tipo cuasi experimental sin grupo de control. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo y abstracto-concreto. Del nivel empírico; revisión documental y encuesta. Resultados: se constató un predominio significativo de pacientes en etapa tardía de la adolescencia, 54,2 % con nivel preuniversitario, 79,2 % con primeras relaciones sexuales, de 15 años (45,8 %) y el vínculo de parejas de concubinato (29,2 %), sin abortos (58 %), como causa de los abortos forzados las dificultades económicas (17 %), no presencia de antecedentes familiares (54,1 %), la no presencia de infecciones de trasmisión sexual (75 %). Se modificaron los factores: consumo de alcohol, función familiar y uso de anticonceptivos. Se produjeron cambios muy significativos en el nivel de información de forma positiva. Conclusiones: se verificó la efectividad del programa educativo para el control de factores de riesgo modificables asociados al embarazo en la adolescencia.

Background: early pregnancy in adolescents is a global concern, especially for developing nations. Objective: determine the effectiveness of an educational program to control modifiable risk factors associated with teenage pregnancy, at the Esperanza 5 Medical Office from February 2020 to February 2022. Methods: a quasi-experimental intervention study was carried out without a control group. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive and abstract-concrete. From the empirical level; documentary review and survey. Results: a significant predominance of patients in late adolescence was found, 54.2% with pre-university level, 79.2% with first sexual relations, 15 years of age (45.8%) and the bond of cohabiting couples ( 29.2%), without abortions (58%), as the cause of forced abortions: economic difficulties (17%), no family history (54.1%), no presence of sexually transmitted infections (75% ). The factors were modified: alcohol consumption, family function and contraceptive use. There were very significant changes in the level of information in a positive way. Conclusions: the effectiveness of the educational program for the control of modifiable risk factors associated with pregnancy in adolescence was verified.

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Introducción: la pedagogía social es una oportunidad de abrir el pensamiento y las prácticas educativas a horizontes y destinos alternativos para la sociedad. Objetivo: describir una experiencia educativa relacionada con la expresión plástica como fortaleza de la pedagogía social en menores con trastornos de conducta. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre el contenido del artículo en las bases de datos SciELO, Google Académico y en textos impresos, entre octubre 2021-enero 2022; las palabras claves fueron: pedagogía social, educación artística, artes plásticas, trastornos de conducta. Se seleccionaron 20 textos: diez artículos de revistas extranjeras y cubanas, dos libros clásicos, tres documentos normativos, cuatro tesis, y el diccionario de pensamientos martianos compilados por Valdés Galarraga. Resultados: se analizaron aspectos relacionados con la pedagogía social como ciencia, la educación artística y su impronta en la pedagogía social, la expresión plástica como actividad educativa, el taller de expresión plástica: generador de educación y cultura, y como fortaleza para una educación social; por último, se describe la experiencia de la aplicación de varios de esos talleres, según sus etapas de realización. Conclusiones: la expresión plástica se posiciona como fortaleza de la pedagogía social porque su aplicación en la reducación de menores con trastornos de la conducta significó un logro, ya que modificaron sus modos de actuación de forma positiva, según se constató en la experiencia descrita; además se demostró la necesidad de establecer un sistema articulado de trabajo educativo desde la escuela, como el que se presenta.

Introduction: social pedagogy is an opportunity to open thought and educational practices to alternative horizons and destinations for society. Objective: to describe an educational experience related to plastic expression as strength of social pedagogy in adolescents with behavior disorders. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out on the content of the article in the SciELO, Google Scholar databases and in printed texts, from October 2021 to January 2022; the keywords were: social pedagogy, artistic education, plastic arts, behavior disorders. Twenty texts were selected: ten articles from foreign and Cuban magazines, two classic books on pedagogy, three normative documents, three doctoral theses and one master's theses, and the dictionary of Marti's thoughts compiled by Ramiro Valdés Galarraga. Results: aspects related to social pedagogy as a science, artistic education and its imprint on social pedagogy, plastic expression as an educational activity, plastic expression workshop: generator of education and culture, and as a strength for social education were analyzed. Based on participation and opportunities for all; and finally, the experience of the application of several of these workshops is described, according to their stages of implementation. Conclusions: the plastic expression is positioned as strength of social pedagogy because its application in the reduction of adolescents with behavior disorders meant an achievement, since they modified their modes of action in a positive way, as verified in the described experience; In addition, the need to establish an articulated system of educational work from the school, such as the one presented, was demonstrated.

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Introducción: El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES), prototipo de enfermedad autoinmune, cursa con empujes y remisiones. Dada la diversidad de presentaciones posibles, su diagnóstico y tratamiento son un reto para el clínico, y se requiere tener un alto índice de sospecha. Objetivo: presentar el caso clínico de un adolescente que debuta con LES a forma de anemia hemolítica, probablemente gatillado por infección por virus de Epstein Barr. Caso clínico: Varón de 14 años, sin antecedentes a destacar. Consulta por fiebre de 7 días de evolución de hasta 39º C, odinofagia, astenia y adinamia. Al examen físico se constata palidez cutáneo mucosa, ictericia, adenopatías cervicales y hepatoesplenomegalia. El laboratorio muestra anemia severa regenerativa con aumento de las bilirrubinas a expensas de la indirecta sin hepatitis. Prueba de Coombs positiva. Anticuerpos específicos para Epstein Barr positivos, con lo que se diagnostica anemia hemolítica secundaria a mononucleosis y se inicia tratamiento corticoideo. En la evolución agrega eritema malar y limitación en flexión de codos y rodillas. Se reciben anticuerpos antinucleares y anti ADN nativo positivos con hipocomplementemia severa. Con diagnóstico de LES se inicia hidroxicloroquina y azatioprina, manteniéndose la prednisona. Conclusiones: Muchos virus (hepatitis C, Parvovirus B19, Epstein Barr y Citomegalovirus) se han descrito como posibles inductores o simuladores de LES. Es necesario mantener un alto índice de sospecha para realizar un diagnóstico oportuno y tratamiento precoz.

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), prototype of autoimmune disease, progresses with flares and remissions. Given the diversity of possible presentations, its diagnosis and treatment are a challenge for the clinician, and a high index of suspicion is required. Objective: To present the clinical case of an adolescent who debuted with SLE in the form of hemolytic anemia, probably triggered by Epstein Barr virus infection. Clinical case: 14 - year - old male, with no history to highlight. Consultation for fever of 7 days of evolution of up to 39º C, odynophagia, asthenia and adynamia. Physical examination revealed mucous skin pallor, jaundice, cervical lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. The laboratory shows severe regenerative anemia with increased bilirubin at the expense of indirect without hepatitis. Positive Coombs test. Specific antibodies for Epstein Barr were positive, with which hemolytic anemia secondary to mononucleosis was diagnosed and corticosteroid treatment was started. In the evolution, it adds malar erythema and limitation in flexion of the elbows and knees. Positive antinuclear and anti-native DNA antibodies are received with severe hypocomplementemia. With a diagnosis of SLE, hydroxychloroquine and azathioprine were started, maintaining prednisone. Conclusions: Many viruses (hepatitis C, Parvovirus B19, Epstein Barr and Cytomegalovirus) have been described as possible inducers or mimics of SLE. It is necessary to maintain a high index of suspicion for timely diagnosis and early treatment.

Introdução: O lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES), protótipo de doença autoimune, evolui com impulsos e remissões. Dada a diversidade de apresentações possíveis, seu diagnóstico e tratamento são um desafio para o clínico, sendo necessário um alto índice de suspeição. Objetivo: apresentar o caso clínico de uma adolescente que iniciou com LES na forma de anemia hemolítica, provavelmente desencadeada por infecção pelo vírus Epstein Barr. Caso clínico: Homem de 14 anos, sem antecedentes a destacar. Consulta por febre de 7 dias de evolução de até 39º C, odinofagia, astenia e adinamia. O exame físico revelou palidez cutânea mucosa, icterícia, linfadenopatia cervical e hepatoesplenomegalia. O laboratório mostra anemia regenerativa grave com aumento da bilirrubina em detrimento da indireta sem hepatite. Teste de Coombs positivo. Anticorpos específicos para Epstein Barr foram positivos, com o qual foi diagnosticada anemia hemolítica secundária à mononucleose e iniciado tratamento com corticosteróides. Na evolução, acrescenta eritema malar e limitação na flexão dos cotovelos e joelhos. Anticorpos antinucleares e anti-DNA nativos positivos são recebidos com hipocomplementemia grave. Com diagnóstico de LES, iniciou-se hidroxicloroquina e azatioprina, mantendo-se prednisona. Conclusões: Muitos vírus (hepatite C, Parvovírus B19, Epstein Barr e Citomegalovírus) têm sido descritos como possíveis indutores ou mimetizadores do LES. É necessário manter um alto índice de suspeição para diagnóstico oportuno e tratamento precoce.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To map the transition process from the perspective of pediatricians and their adolescent patients, and to suggest a transition protocol. Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in a pediatric outpatient clinic of a public tertiary hospital. Pediatricians answered a questionnaire about the transition process, and that was evaluated in a descriptive manner. The Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) on health autonomy was answered by the adolescents and the analysis was performed using the χ2 and Mann-Whitney tests. p<0.05 were considered significant. Results: 31 pediatricians (16 residents, 15 supervisors) were enrolled, with a mean age of 40.1 (±16.9), 87% women, with years working in Pediatrics ranging from 2 to 45 years (median of 5 years). Most doctors agreed that there was no transition plan, but they stimulated the patient's autonomy and talked to the patient and family members about any existing chronic diseases. A total of 102 adolescent patients participated, with a median age of 15; 56% were female. The TRAQ median was 58, with similar scores between females and males, and higher scores in those older than 16 years of age (Mann-Whitney U test, p=0.01). The patients reported ease in face-to-face communication with their doctors, but great difficulty in talking about health issues over the phone. Conclusions: Even without a transition protocol, adolescents developed several self-care skills as they aged. The lack of a transitional protocol led to conflicting opinions, which reinforces the need for improvement. We suggest a flowchart and transition protocol.

Resumo Objetivo: Mapear o processo de transição na perspectiva de pediatras e de seus pacientes adolescentes bem como sugerir um protocolo de transição. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal, realizado em um Ambulatório de Pediatria de um hospital público terciário. Pediatras responderam a um questionário sobre o processo de transição, que foi avaliado de forma qualitativa. O Questionário de Avaliação do Preparo para a Transição (TRACS) foi respondido pelos adolescentes, e a análise foi feita com testes do qui-quadrado e de Mann-Whitney. Valores p<0,05 foram considerados significantes. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 31 pediatras (16 residentes, 15 supervisores), com média de idade de 40,1 (±16,9) anos, 87% do sexo feminino, tempo de atuação na Pediatria variando de dois a 45 anos, com mediana de cinco anos. A maioria dos médicos concordava que não havia um plano de transição, mas eles estimulavam a autonomia do paciente e conversavam com pacientes e familiares sobre qualquer doença crônica presente. Participaram da pesquisa 102 pacientes adolescentes, com mediana de idade de 15 anos, 56% do sexo feminino. A mediana do TRACS foi de 58, com escores semelhantes entre os sexos feminino e masculino, e escores superiores nos maiores de 16 anos (teste U de Mann-Whitney, p=0,01). Os pacientes relataram facilidade na comunicação presencial com seus médicos, mas grande dificuldade para falar sobre questões de saúde por telefone. Conclusões: Mesmo sem protocolo de transição, os adolescentes desenvolveram várias habilidades de autocuidado com o avanço da idade. A falta de protocolo levou a opiniões conflitantes, reforçando a necessidade de melhor estruturação. Os autores sugerem a criação de um fluxograma e um protocolo de transição.

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Abstract Objective: the care of adolescents with or without a chronic disease must complete, standardized and focused on individual demands and the transition process to adult care and adherence to treatment. This study aimed to characterize the care provided by nurses from the state of São Paulo who work with adolescents. Method: this is a cross-sectional and descriptive study on the care provided to adolescents by nurses in São Paulo, based on the answers to a self-administered questionnaire, available in the REDCap tool between August 2018 and October 2019. Results: participants answered 1632 questionnaires. Only 38% of nurses work with adolescents, 11.2% exclusively. Professionals were divided according to the median length of professional experience in groups A and B (≤5 years and >5 years). Drug addiction (p=0.01) and working with a multidisciplinary team (p=0.04) were significantly more reported in group B. Routine follow-up (p=0.02) and questioning about sexual or physical violence (p=0.03) were significantly more performed by professionals from group A. Conclusion: this study identified the need for a care protocol that can be replicated on a large scale and that includes the treatment and the particularities of adolescents to improve adherence and the transition into adult care.

Resumo Objetivo: o cuidado de adolescentes com ou sem doença crônica deve ser completo, padronizado e focado nas demandas individuais e no processo de transição para a assistência ao adulto e adesão ao tratamento. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a assistência prestada por enfermeiros do estado de São Paulo que atuam com adolescentes. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal e descritivo sobre a assistência prestada a adolescentes por enfermeiros de São Paulo, a partir das respostas a um questionário autoaplicável, disponível no instrumento REDCap entre agosto de 2018 e outubro de 2019. Resultados: os participantes responderam a 1632 questionários. Apenas 38% dos enfermeiros trabalham com adolescentes, e 11,2% deles de forma exclusiva. Os profissionais foram divididos de acordo com a mediana de tempo de experiência profissional nos Grupos A e B (≤ 5 anos e > 5 anos). A dependência de drogas (p=0,01) e o trabalho com uma equipe multidisciplinar (p=0,04) foram significativamente mais relatados no Grupo B. O acompanhamento rotineiro (p=0,02) e o questionamento sobre violência sexual ou física (p=0,03) foram significativamente mais realizados pelos profissionais do Grupo A. Conclusão: este estudo identificou a necessidade de um protocolo de assistência que possa ser replicado em larga escala e que inclua o tratamento e as particularidades dos adolescentes para melhorar a adesão e a transição para o cuidado do adulto.

Resumen Objetivo: el cuidado de los adolescentes con o sin enfermedad crónica debe ser completo, estandarizado y centrado en las demandas individuales y en el proceso de transición a la atención para adultos y la adherencia al tratamiento. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los cuidados prestados por el personal de enfermería del estado de São Paulo que trabaja con adolescentes. Método: se trata de un estudio transversal y descriptivo sobre los cuidados prestados a los adolescentes por el personal de enfermería de São Paulo, a partir de las respuestas a un cuestionario autoadministrado, disponible en la herramienta REDCap entre agosto de 2018 y octubre de 2019. Resultados: los participantes respondieron a 1.632 cuestionarios. Solo el 38% del personal de enfermería trabaja con adolescentes, el 11,2% de forma exclusiva. Los profesionales se dividieron según la duración media de la experiencia profesional en los grupos A y B (≤5 años y >5 años). La drogadicción (p=0,01) y el trabajo con un equipo multidisciplinar (p=0,04) fueron significativamente más reportados en el grupo B. El seguimiento rutinario (p=0,02) y las preguntas sobre violencia sexual o física (p=0,03) fueron significativamente más realizadas por los profesionales del grupo A. Conclusión: este estudio identificó la necesidad de un protocolo de atención que pueda ser replicado a gran escala y que incluya el tratamiento y las particularidades de los adolescentes para mejorar la adherencia y la transición a la atención de adultos.

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La acrocianosis desencadenada por la bipedestación como signo principal de la taquicardia postural ortostática (POTS, por su sigla en inglés) es poco conocida, aunque bien descrita en la bibliografía especializada. Se describen dos casos clínicos de adolescentes que consultaron en el Servicio de Urgencias por acrocianosis e intolerancia al ortostatismo. El primer paciente, de 13 años, presentó un aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca de 40 latidos por minuto (lpm) al pasar del decúbito a la bipedestación. El segundo, de 14 años, presentó un aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca hasta 125 lpm al incorporarse. En ambos, la tensión arterial y los estudios complementarios fueron normales. El POTS se define en la edad pediátrica como una intolerancia al ortostatismo que se acompaña de aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca excesiva sin hipotensión arterial. Conocer la acrocianosis como primer signo de presentación es de utilidad para el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad y para evitar estudios complementarios innecesarios.

Acrocyanosis triggered by standing position as the main sign of postural orthostatic tachycardia (POTS) is little known but well described in scientific literature. In pediatric age, POTS is defined as orthostatic intolerance that is accompanied by an excessive increase in heart rate without arterial hypotension. We present two clinical reports of teenagers who were admitted in the Emergency Department with acrocyanosis and orthostatic intolerance. The first patient was 13-year-old and had an increase in heart rate of 40 bpm when moving from a reclining to a standing position. The second patient was 14-year-old and showed an increasing in heart rate up to 125 bpm after upright position. In both patients' blood pressure was normal and all investigations were negative. They were finally diagnosed with postural orthostatic tachycardia. Recognizing acrocyanosis as first sign of this disease is useful for diagnosis and can help to avoid unnecessary testing.

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Acrocyanosis triggered by standing position as the main sign of postural orthostatic tachycardia (POTS) is little known but well described in scientific literature. In pediatric age, POTS is defined as orthostatic intolerance that is accompanied by an excessive increase in heart rate without arterial hypotension. We present two clinical reports of teenagers who were admitted in the Emergency Department with acrocyanosis and orthostatic intolerance. The first patient was 13-year-old and had an increase in heart rate of 40 bpm when moving from a reclining to a standing position. The second patient was 14-year-old and showed an increasing in heart rate up to 125 bpm after upright position. In both patients' blood pressure was normal and all investigations were negative. They were finally diagnosed with Acrocianosis como primera manifestación de síndrome de taquicardia postural ortostática en dos adolescentes Acrocyanosis as the first manifestation of orthostatic postural tachycardia syndrome in two adolescents postural orthostatic tachycardia. Recognizing acrocyanosis as first sign of this disease is useful for diagnosis and can help to avoid unnecessary testing.

La acrocianosis desencadenada por la bipedestación como signo principal de la taquicardia postural ortostática (POTS, por su sigla en inglés) es poco conocida, aunque bien descrita en la bibliografía especializada. Se describen dos casos clínicos de adolescentes que consultaron en el Servicio de Urgencias por acrocianosis e intolerancia al ortostatismo. El primer paciente, de 13 años, presentó un aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca de 40 latidos por minuto (lpm) al pasar del decúbito a la bipedestación. El segundo, de 14 años, presentó un aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca hasta 125 lpm al incorporarse. En ambos, la tensión arterial y los estudios complementarios fueron normales. El POTS se define en la edad pediátrica como una intolerancia al ortostatismo que se acompaña de aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca excesiva sin hipotensión arterial. Conocer la acrocianosis como primer signo de presentación es de utilidad para el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad y para evitar estudios complementarios innecesarios.

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Introducción. El orquidómetro de Prader es el método estándar para medir el volumen testicular (VT) en niños y adolescentes. Objetivo. Evaluar la concordancia en la estimación del VT y del inicio puberal con las técnicas de orquidometría de Prader, Chipkevitch y Sotos. Métodos. Diseño descriptivo transversal realizado en varones de entre 9 y 20 años. Se midió el VT (ml) en cada adolescente con las técnicas de Prader (método de referencia), Chipkevitch (modelo gráfico) y Sotos (medición de ancho testicular con regla plástica y fórmula equivalente a ecuación elipsoide). Se excluyeron varones con patología urogenital y enfermedades que afectan el crecimiento testicular. Para la concordancia entre métodos, se utilizó kappa para el inicio puberal, y coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) y gráficos de Bland-Altman (GBA) para el VT. Resultados. Se incluyeron 377 varones sanos. Para la concordancia en VT (ml), la comparación Prader-Chipkevitch obtuvo CCI: 0,994 y p < 0,001; y de CCI; 0,312 y p < 0,001 para la de Prader-Sotos. En los GBA se halló una media de las diferencias cercana a 0 ml en la comparación Prader-Chipkevitch y cercana a 8 ml en la de Prader-Sotos. El acuerdo en el inicio puberal obtuvo un valor de kappa 0,93 en la comparación Prader-Chipkevitch y de 0,75 en la de Prader-Sotos. Conclusión. Los orquidómetros de Prader y Chipkevitch tienen una excelente concordancia en la estimación del VT y el inicio puberal; por lo tanto, podrían intercambiarse en la atención diaria de varones adolescentes. El método de Sotos mostró una concordancia buena en la estimación del inicio puberal, pero baja en la medición del VT

Introduction. The Prader orchidometer is the standard method used to measure testicular volume (TV) in children and adolescents. Objective. To assess the concordance in the estimation of TV and puberty onset with the Prader, Chipkevitch, and Sotos orchidometric techniques. Methods. Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among male children and adolescents aged 9-20 years. For each adolescent, TV was measured with the methods by Prader (gold standard), Chipkevitch (graphic model), and Sotos (measurement of testicular width with a plastic ruler and use of a formula equivalent to the ellipsoid equation). Male children and adolescents with urogenital conditions and disorders affecting testicular growth were excluded. Kappa statistics was used to determine concordance among methods for puberty onset, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman (B&A) plots for TV. Results. In total, 377 healthy males were included. Regarding the concordance for TV (mL), the Prader-Chipkevitch comparison obtained an ICC of 0.994 and a p < 0.001; while the Prader-Soto comparison obtained an ICC of 0.312 and a p < 0.001. With the B&A plots, mean differences were close to 0 mL in the Prader-Chipkevitch comparison and close to 8 mL in the Prader-Sotos comparison. Concordance for puberty onset obtained a kappa value of 0.93 and 0.75 in the Prader-Chipkevitch and Prader-Sotos comparisons, respectively. Conclusion. The Prader and Chipkevitch orchidometers show an excellent concordance in estimating TV and puberty onset; therefore, both methods could be used interchangeably in the daily care of male adolescents. The Sotos method showed a high concordance in estimating pubertal onset, but low in measuring TV.

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INTRODUCTION: The Prader orchidometer is the standard method used to measure testicular volume (TV) in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To assess the concordance in the estimation of TV and puberty onset with the Prader, Chipkevitch, and Sotos orchidometric techniques. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among male children and adolescents aged 9-20 years. For each adolescent, TV was measured with the methods by Prader (gold standard), Chipkevitch (graphic model), and Sotos (measurement of testicular width with a plastic ruler and use of a formula equivalent to the ellipsoid equation). Male children and adolescents with urogenital conditions and disorders affecting testicular growth were excluded. Kappa statistics was used to determine concordance among methods for puberty onset, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman (B&A) plots for TV. RESULTS: In total, 377 healthy males were included. Regarding the concordance for TV (mL), the Prader-Chipkevitch comparison obtained an ICC of 0.994 and a p< 0.001; while the Prader- Soto comparison obtained an ICC of 0.312 and a p< 0.001. With the B&A plots, mean differences were close to 0 mL in the Prader-Chipkevitch comparison and close to 8 mL in the Prader- Sotos comparison. Concordance for puberty onset obtained a kappa value of 0.93 and 0.75 in the Prader-Chipkevitch and Prader-Sotos comparisons, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Prader and Chipkevitch orchidometers show an excellent concordance in estimating TV and puberty onset; therefore, both methods could be used interchangeably in the daily care of male adolescents. The Sotos method showed a high concordance in estimating pubertal onset, but low in measuring TV.

Introducción. El orquidómetro de Prader es el método estándar para medir el volumen testicular (VT) en niños y adolescentes. Objetivo. Evaluar la concordancia en la estimación del VT y del inicio puberal con las técnicas de orquidometría de Prader, Chipkevitch y Sotos. Métodos. Diseño descriptivo transversal realizado en varones de entre 9 y 20 años. Se midió el VT (ml) en cada adolescente con las técnicas de Prader (método de referencia), Chipkevitch (modelo gráfico) y Sotos (medición de ancho testicular con regla plástica y fórmula equivalente a ecuación elipsoide). Se excluyeron varones con patología urogenital y enfermedades que afectan el crecimiento testicular. Para la concordancia entre métodos, se utilizó kappa para el inicio puberal, y coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) y gráficos de Bland-Altman (GBA) para el VT. Resultados. Se incluyeron 377 varones sanos. Para la concordancia en VT (ml), la comparación Prader-Chipkevitch obtuvo CCI: 0,994 y p<0,001; y de CCI; 0,312 y p<0,001 para la de Prader-Sotos. En los GBA se halló una media de las diferencias cercana a 0 ml en la comparación Prader-Chipkevitch y cercana a 8 ml en la de Prader-Sotos. El acuerdo en el inicio puberal obtuvo un valor de kappa 0,93 en la comparación Prader-Chipkevitch y de 0,75 en la de Prader- Sotos. Conclusión. Los orquidómetros de Prader y Chipkevitch tienen una excelente concordancia en la estimación del VT y el inicio puberal; por lo tanto, podrían intercambiarse en la atención diaria de varones adolescentes. El método de Sotos mostró una concordancia buena en la estimación del inicio puberal, pero baja en la medición del VT.

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Introducción. La obesidad infantil es un problema de salud pública en nuestro país; sin embargo, la situación de la población entre 10 a 19 años ha sido poco estudiada. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de obesidad y obesidad severa en adolescentes peruanos. Métodos. Estudio de datos secundarios provenientes de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares 2009-2010. Se utilizó el índice de masa corporal (IMC) definiendo obesidad con un valor de IMC ≥ percentil 95 (p95). Obesidad severa (OS) mediante dos criterios: IMC ≥ percentil 99 (p99) y el 120% del valor correspondiente al percentil 95 del IMC. Resultados. El 7,6% presentó obesidad, el 2,4 y 1,4% presentaron OS según los criterios citados. Las mayores prevalencias de OS se evidenciaron en varones (3% vs 1,8%), en el grupo de 10 a 14 años (3,4% vs 2%), en Lima Metropolitana (4,2% vs 2,4%), área urbana (3,2% vs 1,9%), no pobres (3,1% vs 1,9%) y en ciudades de menos de 1000 msnm (3,5% vs 2.1%). Se encontró mayor razón de prevalencia (RP) de OS en los varones y no pobres. Tener de 15 a 19 años, residir en sierra o selva, área rural y ser pobre se asoció independientemente a menor RP. Conclusión. La prevalencia de OS fue baja a predominio de varones, en el grupo de 10 a 14 años, en la costa y Lima Metropolitana, en áreas urbanas, en los considerados no pobres y en los que viven por debajo de los 1000 msnm.

Introduction. Childhood obesity is a Public Health problem in our country; instead of that, the situation of population aged between 10-19 years-old has been poorly studied. Objective. To determine the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity in Peruvian adolescents. Methods. A secondary study of data from the National Household Survey 2009-2010. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was used to define obesity as a BMI value ≥ 95 percentile. Severe obesity (SO) was defined using two criteria, BMI ≥ 99 p and 120% of the value corresponding to 95p of BMI. Results. 7,6% presented obesity, and 2,4 and 1,4% were diagnosed with SO according to the mentioned criteria. The highest prevalence of SO was evidenced in men (3% vs. 1,8%), age group of 10 to 14 years-old (3,4% vs. 2%), people who are living in Lima Metropolitana (4,2% vs. 2,4%), or in a urban area (3,2% vs. 1,9%), non-poor (3,1% vs. 1,9%) and in cities less than 1000 meters above sea level (3,5% vs. 2,1%). A higher prevalence ratio (PR) of SO was found in men and non-poor. Having an age between 15 to 19 years old, residing in the mountains or jungle, rural area and being poor, were independently associated with a lower PR. Conclusion. The prevalence of SO was low, with a predominance of men, in the 10 to 14 year old group, on the coast and Metropolitan Lima, in urban areas, in those considered non-poor and in those living below 1000 meters above sea level.

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Abstract Objective: To evaluate the cognitive abilities of children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia diagnosed through neonatal screening and to compare them with healthy controls, adjusting the results to their socioeconomic status. Methods: Cognitive assessment was performed with the Wechsler WISC-III scale in 64 children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia and in 64 controls matched by gender and age, without the disease and without neurological impairment; socioeconomic status was measured by the Criterion Brasil. Results: All cognitive scores were lower in the group of patients. The mean overall IQ, Verbal IQ, and Performance IQ were, respectively, 90.95 for the group of patients and 113.97 for the controls (p < 0.001); 91.41 for the group of patients and 112.31 for the controls (p < 0.001); 92.34 for the group of patients and 113.38 for the controls (p < 0.001). Scores for processing speed, distraction resistance, and perceptual organization were also significantly lower in patients. A direct and significant correlation was detected between socioeconomic status and cognitive scores. In the multivariate analysis, for the same socioeconomic status, a child with sickle cell anemia had an average IQ of 21.2 points lower than the mean IQ observed for the controls (p < 0.001), indicating that the disease, adjusted for the socioeconomic effect, is a strong predictor of the overall IQ. Conclusion: The cognitive impairment of children with sickle cell anemia is severe and manifests even when the disease effect is adjusted to the socioeconomic status. In the authors' view, such impairment requires an early preventive approach in order to avoid this cognitive damage.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar os sistemas cognitivos de crianças e adolescentes com anemia falciforme provenientes de triagem neonatal e compará-las com controles sadios, ajustando-se os resultados para o nível socioeconômico. Método: A avaliação cognitiva foi feita com a escala de Wechsler WISC-III em 64 crianças e adolescentes com anemia falciforme e em 64 controles pareados por sexo e idade, sem a doença e sem comprometimento neurológico; o nível socioeconômico foi aferido pelo Critério Brasil. Resultados: Todos os escores cognitivos foram inferiores no grupo de pacientes. As médias de QI Total, QI Verbal e QI de Execução foram respectivamente 90,95 para o grupo de pacientes e 113,97 para os controles (p < 0,001); 91,41 para o grupo de pacientes e 112,31 para os controles (p < 0,001); 92,34 para o grupo de pacientes e 113,38 para os controles (p < 0,001). Os escores de velocidade de processamento, de resistência à distração e de organização perceptual foram, também, significativamente mais baixos nos pacientes. Detectou-se correlação direta e significativa entre o nível socioeconômico e os escores cognitivos. Em análise multivariada, para um mesmo nível socioeconômico, uma criança com anemia falciforme teve QI total, em média, 21,2 pontos mais baixo do que a média dos controles (p < 0,001), indicou que a doença, ajustada para o efeito socioeconômico, é forte fator preditivo do QI total. Conclusão: Os prejuízos cognitivos das crianças com anemia falciforme são intensos e se manifestam mesmo quando o efeito da doença é ajustado para o nível socioeconômico, o que, a nosso ver, requer abordagem preventiva precoce para tentar evitar tais prejuízos.

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Today's adolescents are, undoubtedly, very different from those attended by the family doctor in the past. Currently, we are facing young people full of ideas, with a lot of personality, who show novel interactions with the world. It is a fact that the care of adolescent patient by family physicians it is performed more frequently and will be further increased by the recent incorporation of the care of adolescent patient to the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Institute of Social Security: IMSS). Among the most frequent medical problems of adolescents, the most important are: early pregnancy, depression, violence, use and abuse of alcohol and drugs, and nutrition and eating disorders. It is required an approach to this very complex population. For this reason, family doctors should be open to facilitate dialogue, without making judgments, and with too much empathy. To that end, it is necessary to be updated in all issues that are emerging day by day concerning adolescents.

Los adolescentes de ahora son, sin duda, muy diferentes de aquellos que atendía el médico familiar en épocas pasadas. Actualmente, nos encontramos ante jóvenes llenos de ideas, de personalidad, que presentan nuevos vínculos e interacciones con el mundo. Es un hecho que la atención del paciente adolescente por los médicos familiares se realiza cada vez con mayor frecuencia y se verá incrementada aún más por la reciente incorporación de la atención del adolescente al IMSS. Entre los problemas médicos más frecuentes del adolescente destacan aquellos referentes a embarazos, depresión, violencia, consumo de alcohol y drogas, así como los trastornos de la conducta alimenticia. Se requiere de un acercamiento a esta población, la cual es muy compleja. Por ello, los médicos familiares deben estar abiertos a facilitar el diálogo, sin juzgar y con la máxima empatía posible. Para ello, es necesario estar actualizados en todos los temas que van surgiendo día a día con respecto a los adolescentes.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cognitive abilities of children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia diagnosed through neonatal screening and to compare them with healthy controls, adjusting the results to their socioeconomic status. METHODS: Cognitive assessment was performed with the Wechsler WISC-III scale in 64 children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia and in 64 controls matched by gender and age, without the disease and without neurological impairment; socioeconomic status was measured by the Criterion Brasil. RESULTS: All cognitive scores were lower in the group of patients. The mean overall IQ, Verbal IQ, and Performance IQ were, respectively, 90.95 for the group of patients and 113.97 for the controls (p<0.001); 91.41 for the group of patients and 112.31 for the controls (p<0.001); 92.34 for the group of patients and 113.38 for the controls (p<0.001). Scores for processing speed, distraction resistance, and perceptual organization were also significantly lower in patients. A direct and significant correlation was detected between socioeconomic status and cognitive scores. In the multivariate analysis, for the same socioeconomic status, a child with sickle cell anemia had an average IQ of 21.2 points lower than the mean IQ observed for the controls (p<0.001), indicating that the disease, adjusted for the socioeconomic effect, is a strong predictor of the overall IQ. CONCLUSION: The cognitive impairment of children with sickle cell anemia is severe and manifests even when the disease effect is adjusted to the socioeconomic status. In the authors' view, such impairment requires an early preventive approach in order to avoid this cognitive damage.

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Background: Cardiovascular complications can occur in up to 80% of adolescent patients with eating disorders (ED) and account for 30% of their mortality. Aim: To evaluate cardiovascular complications in adolescents with ED and their evolution after refeeding. Patients and Methods: In adolescents with ED admitted to treatment, we assessed the nutritional status, weight loss prior to consultation, presence of bradycardia (BC, defined as heart rate < 60 bpm), we performed an electrocardiogram (ECG) and an echocardiography and measured thyroid hormones. Results: We studied 53 women aged 16.4 ± 2.3 years. Fifteen had a diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa (AN), seven of Bulimia (BN), eight a not otherwise specified ED (ED-NOS), four a Binge Eating Disorder (BED), sixteen an Atypical Anorexia (AAN) and three an Atypical Bulimia (ABN). Thirty four percent were malnourished and 3.8% overweight. The most common cardiac problem was BC in 51%. In eight of 26 patients in whom an echocardiogram was done, it was abnormal. Six had a decreased ventricular mass, three a pericardial effusion and three valvular involvement. There was a significant association between bradycardia and malnutrition, weight loss and low free triiodothyronine levels. BC was significantly more common in patients with AN, but it also occurred in half of the patients with AAN and in one of three patients with other types of ED. At follow up, bradycardia significantly improved with refeeding. Conclusions: There is an association between all types of ED and bradycardia, as well as anatomical and functional cardiac anomalies.

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OBJETIVOS: Caraterizar como os especialistas e residentes de Pediatria e de Medicina Geral e Familiar consideram que abordam os adolescentes, identificar as suas habilitações em Medicina do Adolescente, averiguar que tópicos dessa área os médicos gostariam de ver abordados em futuros treinamentos e comparar as percepções dos médicos das duas especialidades em relação à sua experiência na prática em saúde do adolescente. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com base em inquérito enviado via correio eletrônico a 241 médicos da área de influência de um hospital de nível II, tendo-se incluído especialistas e residentes de Pediatria e de Medicina Geral e Familiar de centros de saúde do concelho de Viseu, Portugal. Utilizaram-se os testes Qui-quadrado ou teste Exacto de Fisher para testar associações entre variáveis, assumindo-se significado estatístico quando p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Um total de 113 médicos completou o inquérito, sendo 74% do gênero feminino, com uma mediana de anos de prática de 12 anos (intervalo interquartil 5-30, mínimo 2 anos, máximo 38 anos). O grupo de Pediatria tinha mais formação em Medicina do Adolescente (57%) do que o grupo de Medicina Geral e Familiar (25%) (p=0,007). Mais médicos com formação específica em Medicina do Adolescente consideravam-se preparados para a entrevista ao adolescente (51%, vs. 28% dos que não tinham formação específica, p=0,03). Os médicos Gerais e de Família orientavam mais os adolescentes sobre consumo de substâncias, contracepção e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, enquanto os médicos de Pediatria identificavam mais adolescentes com depressão. A maioria dos médicos avaliou-se como tendo conhecimentos insuficientes em Medicina do Adolescente, sendo o treino insuficiente a barreira mais frequentemente referida. Cinquenta e sete por cento dos médicos de Pediatria, 78% dos médicos Gerais e de Família e 84% dos que não tinham formação específica em Medicina do Adolescente, considerando as duas especialidades, gostariam de aprofundar os seus conhecimentos nessa área. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo permitiu identificar que áreas de conhecimento sobre Medicina do Adolescente estão deficitárias na formação dos pediatras e dos médicos gerais e de família. A maioria dos médicos, principalmente os que não tiveram formação em Medicina do Adolescente, mostraram-se interessados em preencher essa lacuna.

AIMS: To characterize the way in which General and Family physicians and Pediatricians consider approaching adolescents, identify their qualifications in Adolescent Medicine, ascertain which topics of this specialty these physicians would like to see addressed in future training, and to compare the perceptions of physicians of both specialties with respect to their experience in adolescent health practice. METHODS: Cross-sectional study based on a survey sent by e-mail to 241 physicians in the area of influence of a level II hospital, including specific training interns or experts in Pediatrics and General and Family Medicine from health centers of the municipality of Viseu, Portugal. Chi-square tests or Fisher's exact test were used to test associations between variables, assuming statistical significance when p<0.05. RESULTS: A total of 113 physicians completed the survey, of them 74% female, with a median of 12 years of practice (interquartile range 5-30, minimum 2 years, maximum 38 years). The Pediatrics group had more training in Adolescent Medicine (57%) than the General and Family Medicine group (25%) (p=0.007). More physicians with specific training in Adolescent Medicine considered themselves prepared for the adolescent interview (51%, vs. 28% of those who did not have specific training, p=0.03). Family and General practitioners guided adolescents more about substance use, contraception, and sexually transmitted diseases, while Pediatrics doctors identified more adolescents with depression. Most physicians rated themselves as having insufficient knowledge in Adolescent Medicine, with insufficient training being the most frequently referred barrier. Fifty-seven percent of Pediatrics doctors, 78% of General practitioners and 84% of those with no specific training in Adolescent Medicine, considering the two specialties, would like to deepen their knowledge in this area. CONCLUSIONS: This study allowed identifying which areas of knowledge on Adolescent Medicine are deficient in the training of Pediatricians and General practitioners. Most physicians, especially those with no training in Adolescent Medicine, showed interest in filling this gap.

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ABSTRACT Congenital scoliosis associated with costal malformation is well known. However, there are no reports of idiopathic scoliosis associated with the fusion of the costal arcs in the literature. This report describes a case of idiopathic scoliosis with fusion of the 1st and 2nd costal arches in a female patient and reports changes in the deformity due to scoliosis because of the treatment. The analysis was performed from a morphological and clinical point of view, and by complementary tests. Radiographs and CT scans were obtained and evaluated from the first consultation in 2012 and during the period in which the patient was followed in a private clinic, until the stabilization of the condition, in 2014. The evolution was favorable with the use of a Milwaukee vest and there was improvement of the clinical picture after the skeletal maturity, and the angle of lateral curvature, measured by the Cobb method, initially of 20 degrees, was reduced and stabilized in nine degrees, measure which is currently maintained. The analysis showed concomitant pathologies, and the fusion of costal arches did not influence the spine deformity, since there was regression with the clinical treatment. This evolution leads us to conclude that adolescent idiopathic scoliosis should be imputed as the sole responsible for the clinical picture of the patient, and that the fusion of the costal arches does not interfere with the biomechanics of the spine. Level of Evidence: IV. Type of study: Case series.

RESUMO A escoliose congênita associada à malformação costal é bem conhecida. Porém, não existe na literatura relatos de escoliose idiopática associada à fusão dos arcos costais. Este relato descreve um caso de escoliose idiopática com a fusão do 1º e 2º arcos costais em paciente do sexo feminino, e relata modificações da deformidade por escoliose em decorrência do tratamento. A análise foi realizada do ponto de vista morfológico, clínico e por exames complementares. Foram avaliadas radiografias e tomografias obtidas desde a primeira consulta, em 2012, e durante o período em que a mesma foi acompanhada em uma clínica particular, até a estabilização do quadro em 2014. A evolução foi favorável com uso de colete de Milwaukee e houve melhora do quadro clínico após maturidade esquelética, sendo que o ângulo de curvatura lateral, aferido pelo método de Cobb, inicialmente de 20 graus, reduziu e se estabilizou em nove graus, sendo que esta medida se mantém atualmente. Pela análise realizada, houve uma concomitância de patologias, sendo que a fusão de arcos costais não influenciou na deformidade da coluna, uma vez que a mesma regrediu com o tratamento clínico. Esta evolução nos leva a concluir que a escoliose idiopática da adolescente deve ser imputada como a única responsável pelo quadro clínico da paciente, e que a fusão dos arcos costais não interfere na biomecânica da coluna vertebral. Nível de Evidência: IV. Tipo de estudo: Série de caso.

RESUMEN La escoliosis congénita asociada a la malformación costal es bien conocida. Sin embargo, no existen relatos de escoliosis idiopática asociada a la fusión de los arcos costales en la literatura. Este relato describe un caso de escoliosis idiopática con la fusión del primer y segundo arco costal en paciente del sexo femenino y relata modificaciones de la deformidad por escoliosis como consecuencia del tratamiento. El análisis fue realizado desde el punto de vista morfológico y clínico y por exámenes complementarios. Se evaluaron las radiografías y tomografías obtenidas en la primera consulta, en 2012 y durante el período en el que la paciente fue acompañada en una clínica particular, hasta la estabilización del cuadro, en 2014. La evolución fue favorable con uso de chaleco de Milwaukee y hubo una mejora del cuadro clínico después de la madurez esquelética, siendo que el ángulo de curvatura lateral, medido por el método de Cobb, inicialmente de 20 grados, se redujo y se estabilizó en nueve grados, lo que se mantiene actualmente. Por el análisis realizado, hubo concomitancia de patologías, siendo que la fusión de arcos costales no influenció la deformidad de la columna, una vez que hubo regresión con el tratamiento clínico. Esta evolución nos lleva a concluir que la escoliosis idiopática de esta adolescente debe ser imputada como la única responsable del cuadro clínico de la paciente, y que la fusión de los arcos costales no interfiere en la biomecánica de la columna vertebral. Nivel de Evidencia: IV. Tipo de estudio: Serie de caso.

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Objetivo. Describir los primeros veinte diagnósticos-motivos de consulta y su distribución demográfica en estudiantes universitarios. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal en el cual la fuente de información fue la base de datos de los motivos de consulta del Servicio de Medicina General de la Universidad El Bosque. Se incluyeron estudiantes que consultaron al servicio de medicina entre el 14 enero de 2015 y el 9 junio de 2016. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron las pruebas de ji al cuadrado de Pearson y la t de Student. La comparación de grupos fue por sexo, tipo de estudiante (colegio, cursos preparatorios, pregrado y posgrado), jornada (mañana y tarde), periodo académico y tipo de programa de pregrado. Resultados. Los 20 diagnósticos incluidos representan el 64,35 % de todos los registrados; los tres diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron enfermedad diarreica aguda (11,5 %), rinofaringitis viral aguda (5,9 %) y cefalea (5,8 %). Se encontró diferencia en la distribución de los 20 diagnósticos entre hombres y mujeres, tipo de estudiantes, jornada diurna o nocturna, periodo académico y tipos de programa de pregrado (p<0,05). Conclusiones. Los principales diagnósticos-motivos de consulta fueron la enfermedad diarreica aguda, la cefalea, el trauma y la rinofaringitis viral aguda (resfriado común). La manera en que se distribuyen los diagnósticos entre los subgrupos descritos, sugieren una evaluación e intervención diferencial, bien sea por diagnóstico, sexo o programa académico.

Objective: To describe the top leading 20 motives of consultation and their demographic distribution amongst undergraduate college students Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Data was gathered through Universidad El Bosque general medicine health services attendance database. The time period for data gathering was from January 14th, 2015 to June 9th, 2016. Statistical analysis implied the use of Pearson Chi-square and T tests. Comparison between groups was done by sex, Student category (school, preparatory course, undergraduate and graduate), school day, academic term and undergraduate academic program. Results: The 20 leading diagnoses account for 64,35% of all of the diagnoses recorded. Acute Diarrheic Disease (11.5%), Acute Viral Rhino pharyngitis (5.9%) and Headache( 5.8%) ere the most common diagnoses. Differences in diagnoses were found between sexes, student category and undergraduate academic programs (p<0,05).Conclusions: The main diagnoses were Acute Diarrheic Disease, Acute Viral Rhino pharyngitis and Headache. Their distribution patterns suggest the need for differential assessment and intervention.

Objetivo: Descrever os primeiros vinte diagnósticos e motivos de consulta, assim como a sua distribuição demográfica em estudantes universitários. Materiais e métodos: Estudo cross-sectional cuja fonte de informação foi a base de dados de motivos de consulta no serviço de medicina geral da Universidad El Bosque. O objeto de pesquisa são estudantes que consultaram o serviço de medicina entre o 14 de Janeiro de 2015 e o 09 de junho de 2016. A análise estatística foi baseada em provas Chi2 de Pearson e t de student; a comparação de grupos foi por sexo, tipo de estudante (Colégio, graduação, pós-graduação), período acadêmico e tipo de programa. Resultados: Os 20 diagnósticos representam o 64,35% de todos os diagnósticos registrados; os três diagnósticos mais frequentes foram EDA (11.5%), Rinofaringite viral aguda (5.9%) y cefaleia (5.8%). Há diferenças na distribuição dos 20 diagnósticos segundo as variáveis consideradas. Concluções: Os principais diagnósticos motivos de consulta foram EDA, cefaleia, trauma e Rinofaringite viral aguda (resfriado comum). A distribuição dos diagnósticos entre os subgrupos descritos, sugerem avaliações e intervenções diferenciais, por diagnóstico, sexo e programa académico

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