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RESUMEN Las hernias lumbares son defectos infrecuentes de la pared abdominal con pocos casos publicados en la literatura. En la región lumbar existen dos zonas de debilidad, un triángulo superior de Grynfeltt y otro inferior de Petit. Se presenta el caso de una mujer que consultó por dolor y tumoración lumbar derecha. Ante sospecha de hernia lumbar se realizó una tomografía computarizada que informó una hernia de Grynfeltt con contenido de grasa retroperitoneal. Se realizó una plástica protésica por abordaje abierto. No se observaron complicaciones post posoperatorias. Las hernias lumbares pueden ser congénitas o adquiridas, y estas primarias o secundarias. La tomografía computarizada (TC) es el procedimiento de referencia (gold standard) para su diagnóstico. La plástica protésica es el tratamiento de elección. El abordaje abierto y laparoscópico constituyen opciones válidas, y se deben valorar según las características del defecto, el paciente y la experiencia del equipo quirúrgico para su selección.

ABSTRACT Lumbar hernias are rare abdominal wall defects with few cases published in the literature. Two welldefined areas of weakness are identified in the lumbar region, the superior lumbar (Grynfeltt-Lesshaft) triangle and the inferior lumbar (Petit) triangle. We report the case of a female patient who sought medical care due to low back pain and a tumor in the right lumbar region. A lumbar hernia was suspected, and a computed tomography scan was performed, which revealed a Grynfeltt hernia with retroperitoneal fat content. The defect was repaired with mesh placement through an open approach. There were no postoperative complications. Lumbar hernias can be congenital or acquired (primary or secondary). Computed tomography scan is the gold standard for the diagnosis. Mesh repair is the treatment of choice. The open approach and laparoscopy are valid and safe options, and their implementation should be considered based on the characteristics of the defect, the patient, and the experience of the treating team.

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Introducción. Las hernias gigantes con pérdida de domicilio son aquellas cuyo saco herniario alcanza el punto medio del muslo en bipedestación y su contenido excede el volumen de la cavidad abdominal. Estas hernias son un reto quirúrgico dada la difícil reducción de su contenido y del cierre primario de la fascia. Tienen mayor riesgo de complicaciones asociadas al síndrome compartimental abdominal, así como mayor tasa de recurrencia y morbilidad en los pacientes. Caso clínico. Paciente masculino de 81 años, reconsultante por hernia inguinoescrotal derecha gigante, de dos años de evolución, sintomática, con índice de Tanaka de 24 %. Se decidió aplicar el protocolo de neumoperitoneo secuencial (hasta 11.000 ml en total en cavidad) además de toxina botulínica en pared abdominal (dos sesiones). Resultados. Se logró la corrección exitosa de la hernia inguinoescrotal gigante, sin recaídas de su patología abdomino-inguinal. El paciente manifestó satisfacción con el tratamiento un año después del procedimiento. Conclusiones. El protocolo de neumoperitoneo secuencial es una alternativa en casos de hernias complejas, con alto riesgo de complicaciones, que requieren técnicas reconstructivas adicionales. La aplicación previa de toxina botulínica es un adyuvante considerable para aumentar la probabilidad de resultados favorables. Sin embargo, debe incentivarse la investigación en esta área para evaluar su efectividad.

Introduction. Giant hernias with loss of domain are those whose hernial sac reaches the midpoint of the thigh in standing position and whose content exceeds the volume of the abdominal cavity. These hernias are a surgical challenge given the difficult reduction of their contents and the primary fascial closure, with a higher risk of complications associated with abdominal compartment syndrome, as well as a higher rate of recurrence and morbidity in patients. Clinical case. A 81-year-old male patient with comorbidity, reconsulting due to a symptomatic giant right inguinoscrotal hernia of two years of evolution, with a Tanaka index of 24%, eligible for a sequential pneumoperitoneum protocol (up to a total of 11,000 cc in cavity) plus application of botulinum toxin (two sessions) in the abdominal wall. Results. Successful correction of the patient's giant inguinoscrotal hernia was achieved using this protocol, without recurrence of his abdomino-inguinal pathology and satisfaction with the procedure after one year. Conclusion. The sequential pneumoperitoneum protocol continues to be an important alternative in cases with a high risk of complications that require additional reconstructive techniques, while the previous application of botulinum toxin is a considerable adjuvant to further increase the rate of favorable results. However, research in the area should be encouraged to reaffirm its effectiveness.

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La hernia de la línea arcuata (HLA), es una entidad claramente reconocida, sin embargo, existen escasas publicaciones al respecto. Corresponde a un defecto en la vaina posterior del músculo recto del abdomen, separándose la línea arcuata del musculo, formando un bolsillo, lo que corresponde a un defecto inter-parietal y no una verdadera hernia. Probablemente este subdiagnosticado y sub reportado. Su relevancia es que puede constituir una parte relevante de las consultas en servicio de urgencia por dolor abdominal sin etiología demostrada1. El diagnóstico debe sospecharse ante la presencia de dolor abdominal de tipo orgánico, sin otra etiología demostrada. Se confirma con imágenes, especialmente la tomografía computada. El tratamiento, apoyándose en lo reportado en la literatura, sugiere que la vía laparoscópica sería de elección. A continuación, analizamos la anatomía de la linea arcuata, la presentación clínica de esta afección, sus hallazgos imagenológicos, quirúrgicos, y las diferentes alternativas de tratamiento que se han propuesto en la literatura.

The arcuate line hernia is a clearly recognized entity, but of which little is mentioned. It corresponds to a defect in the posterior wall of the rectus abdominis, separating the arcuate line of the muscle, forming a pocket, which corresponds to an interparietal defect and not a true hernia. It is probably underdiagnosed and underreported. Its relevance is that it can constitute a significant part of the consultations in the emergency department for abdominal pain without proven etiology. The diagnosis should be suspected in the presence of organic abdominal pain, with no other proven etiology. It is confirmed with images, especially computed tomography. The treatment, based on what has been reported in the literature, suggests that the laparoscopic approach should be the choice. We analyze the anatomy of the arcuate line, its clinical presentation, imaging and surgical findings, and the different treatment alternatives that have been proposed in the literature.

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Introdução: Análise histológica é a principal ferramenta de avaliação de biopróteses acelulares, em sua maioria em caráter experimental. O objetivo é analisar histologicamente a matriz acelular de pericárdio bovino em reparações de parede abdominal implantada em humanos. Método: De uma série de 30 reparações com a membrana, 3 pacientes foram submetidas a revisão cirúrgica não relacionada aos implantes, aos 13, 22 e 23 meses de pós-operatório, obtendo-se biópsias das áreas previamente implantadas. Além da avaliação dos aspectos básicos de biocompatibilidade e neoformação tecidual, as lâminas foram digitalizadas e submetidas a análise computadorizada com o software ImageJ para quantificação da cinética de degradação das membranas, associada à análise da dimensão fractal das amostras. Os valores obtidos para porcentagens de membrana residual tiveram suas médias comparadas por análise de variância (ANOVA) e pelo teste T de Student não pareado, também utilizado para os valores da quantificação da dimensão fractal. Resultados: Foi demonstrada a biocompatibilidade do material, com neoformação tecidual, deposição de colágeno e tecido celularizado de aspecto normal, sem reações locais importantes. Fragmentos residuais da membrana foram quantificados em 40%±7% aos 13 meses, em 20%±6% aos 22 meses e em 17%±6% aos 23 meses de pós-operatório, com a análise da dimensão fractal indicando uma progressiva degradação dos implantes, com significância estatística entre 13 meses e as amostras tardias. Conclusão: Os resultados atestaram a funcionalidade do pericárdio bovino acelular sob diferentes níveis de estresse mecânico nas reparações da parede abdominal em humanos.

Introduction: Histological analysis is the main tool for evaluating acellular bioprostheses, mostly on an experimental basis. The objective is to histologically analyze the acellular matrix of bovine pericardium in abdominal wall repairs implanted in humans. Method: From a series of 30 repairs with the membrane, 3 patients underwent surgical revision unrelated to the implants at 13, 22, and 23 months postoperatively, obtaining biopsies of the previously implanted areas. In addition to evaluating the basic aspects of biocompatibility and tissue neoformation, the slides were digitalized and subjected to computerized analysis with the ImageJ software to quantify the kinetics of membrane degradation associated with the analysis of the fractal dimension of the samples. The values obtained for percentages of residual membrane had their means compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the unpaired Student's T test, also used for the fractal dimension quantification values. Results: The biocompatibility of the material was demonstrated, with tissue neoformation, collagen deposition, and cellularized tissue with a normal appearance without important local reactions. Residual fragments of the membrane were quantified at 40%±7% at 13 months, at 20%±6% at 22 months, and at 17%±6% at 23 months postoperatively, with the analysis of the fractal dimension indicating a progressive degradation of implants, with statistical significance between 13 months and late samples. Conclusion: The results confirmed the functionality of the acellular bovine pericardium under different levels of mechanical stress in abdominal wall repairs in humans.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Abdominal wall hernias encompass both ventral and incisional hernias, often poorly classified regarding complexity in general. This study aims to conduct a review on the primary topics related to defining the complexity of ventral hernias. Methods: this is a scope review conducted following the guidelines recommended by the PRISMA-ScR directive. Searches were carried out in electronic databases including PubMed, LILACS, and EMBASE, using the descriptors: Abdominal Hernia, Hernia, Ventral Hernia, Incisional Hernia, Complex, Classification, Classify, Grade, Scale, and Definition. Combinations of these terms were employed when appropriate. Inclusion criteria encompassed articles with definitions and classifications of complex hernias, as well as those utilizing these classifications to guide treatments and patient allocation. Synonyms and related topics were also considered. Articles outside the scope or lacking the themes in their title or abstract were excluded. The database search was conducted up to July 29, 2023. Results: several hernia classifications were identified as useful in predicting complexity. For this study, we considered six main criteria: size and location, loss of domain, use of abdominal wall relaxation techniques, characteristics of imaging exams, status of the subcutaneous cellular tissue, and likelihood of recurrence. Conclusion: complex abdominal wall hernias can be defined by characteristics analyzed collectively, relating to the patients previous clinical status, size and location of the hernia defect, status of subcutaneous cellular tissue, myofascial release techniques, and other complicating factors.

RESUMO Introdução: As hérnias da parede abdominal, englobam em seu conceito as hérnias ventrais e incisionais. Essas hérnias são mal classificadas quanto à complexidade de forma geral. Esse estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma revisão sobre os principais tópicos relacionados à definição de complexidade das hérnias ventrais. Métodos: trata-se de revisão de escopo realizada com as orientações preconizadas pela diretriz PRISMA-ScR. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados eletrônicas do PubMed, LILACS e EMBASE, empregando os descritores: "Abdominal Hernia"; Hernia; "Ventral Hernia"; "Incisional Hernia"; Complex; Classification, Classify, Grade, Scale e definition. Combinações entre os termos foram utilizadas quando oportunas. Os critérios de inclusão abrangiam artigos com definições e classificações de hérnias complexas, além daqueles que usavam essas classificações para orientar tratamentos e alocação de pacientes. Sinônimos e tópicos relacionados também foram considerados. Artigos fora do escopo ou sem os temas no título ou resumo foram excluídos. A busca nas bases de dados foi realizada até o dia 29/07/2023. Resultados: diversas classificações de hérnias foram identificadas como sendo úteis para prever complexidade. Consideramos para esse estudo seis critérios principais: tamanho e localização, perda de domicílio, uso de técnicas de relaxamento da parede abdominal, características dos exames de imagem, status do tecido celular subcutâneo e chance de recorrência. Conclusão: as hérnias complexas da parede abdominal podem ser definidas por características analisadas conjuntamente e que estão relacionadas ao estado clínico prévio do paciente, tamanho e localização do defeito herniário, status do tecido celular subcutâneo, técnicas de liberação miofascial e outros fatores complicadores..

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RESUMEN El divertículo de Meckel es la malformación congénita más frecuente del tracto gastrointestinal. Puede permanecer completamente oculto sin dar síntomas o puede ser causa de abdomen agudo quirúrgico en donde se debe descartar patología inflamatoria, infecciosa y/o mecánica. Se presenta un caso excepcional de una obstrucción intestinal producido por una hernia interna generada por un divertículo de Meckel en el hiato de Winslow.

ABSTRACT Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital defect of the gastrointestinal tract. It may remain asymptomatic or may cause acute abdomen requiring surgery due to inflammation, infection or mechanical obstruction. We report case of small bowel obstruction produced by an internal hernia generated by a Meckel's diverticulum in the foramen of Winslow.

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Introducción. El manejo de las hernias se ha instaurado como un problema quirúrgico común, estimándose su aumento en los próximos años. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir el curso clínico, los aspectos del tratamiento quirúrgico y factores asociados a la presencia de complicaciones en pacientes intervenidos por hernia incisional. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo en el que se analizaron las características de una cohorte de pacientes llevados a corrección quirúrgica de hernia incisional en el Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo, un centro de alta complejidad en Neiva, Colombia, entre 2012 y 2019. Los datos fueron recolectados en programa Microsoft Excel® y analizados en SPSSTM, versión 21. Resultados. Se realizaron 133 correcciones de hernias incisionales, 69,9 % en mujeres y la mayoría ubicadas en la línea media (84,2 %). La edad media de los pacientes al momento de la intervención fue de 52 años ±14,6. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron obesidad, hipertensión y diabetes. La causa más frecuente de la hernia fue traumática (61,7 %). La frecuencia de complicaciones fue superior al 50 %, en su mayoría menores; se encontró asociación con obesidad para la presencia de seroma. La mortalidad fue del 2,3 %. Conclusión.La hernia incisional es un problema de salud pública. Consideramos que la obesidad y el uso de malla pueden ser factores de riesgo asociados con la presentación de complicaciones postoperatorias, así como el aumento de los gastos relacionados con días de hospitalización

Introduction. Hernias management has become a common surgical problem, with an estimated increase in the coming years. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical course, aspects of surgical treatment and factors associated with the presence of complications in patients operated on for incisional hernia. Methods. Descriptive study, in which the characteristics of a cohort of patients taken to surgical correction of incisional hernia at the Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo, a high complexity medical center located in Neiva, Colombia, between 2012 and 2019 were analyzed, whose data were collected in Microsoft Excel® software and analyzed in SPSSTM, version 21. Results. One-hundred-thirty-three incisional hernia corrections were performed. The mean age at the intervention was 52 years ±14.6. The most frequent comorbidities were weight disorders, hypertension and diabetes. Only one laparoscopy was performed, the first etiology of the hernia was traumatic (61.7%) and midline (84.2%). The frequency of complications was greater than 50%, mostly minors. An association with obesity was found for the presence of seroma. Mortality was 2.3%. Conclusion. Incisional hernia is a public health problem. We consider that obesity and the use of mesh are a risk factor associated with the presentation of postoperative complications as well as the increase in costs related to days of hospitalization

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Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características de la población y determinar las principales complicaciones de los pacientes que son llevados a cirugía por hernia lateral en el abdomen. Métodos. Estudio observacional retrospectivo, que incluyó a los pacientes sometidos a herniorrafia lateral, entre 2015 y 2019 en un centro de tercer nivel. La información se obtuvo del registro de historias clínicas. Las variables analizadas se clasificaron según las características sociodemográficas de los pacientes, clínicas y quirúrgicas. Se hizo una caracterización de acuerdo con los resultados encontrados. Resultados. Se incluyeron 51 pacientes con hernia lateral, 29 de ellos mujeres, con un promedio de edad de 59 años y de índice de masa corporal de 28 kg/m2. El 60 % tenía comorbilidades de base, siendo la hipertensión arterial la más frecuente. La mayoría se clasificaron como ASA II. En cuanto a la localización, la L3 fue la más común (37,2 %). Se presentaron complicaciones postquirúrgicas en el 27,4 % de los pacientes, siendo las más frecuentes seromas, hematomas e infecciones de sitio operatorio. Ningún paciente requirió reintervención para el manejo de las complicaciones. Conclusión. Conocer la población y determinar cuáles son las principales complicaciones postquirúrgicas de un procedimiento permite tomar medidas para disminuir su frecuencia, pero en este caso, se necesitan estudios adicionales para determinar cuáles son los mayores factores asociados a las complicaciones

Introduction. To describe the characteristics of the population and to determine the main complications of patients who undergo surgery for lateral hernia. Methods. We performed a retrospective observational study, including patients who underwent lateral herniorrhaphy between 2015 and 2019 in a third-level medical center, obtaining information through the registration of medical records. The analyzed variables were classified according to the patients' clinical, surgical and sociodemographic characteristics, performing a characterization according to the results found. Results. Fifty-one patients due to lateral hernia were included, 29 of them were women, with a mean age of 59 years and a body mass index of 28 Kg/m2. Of those, 60% presented basic comorbidities, being arterial hypertension the most frequent. Most were classified as ASA II. Regarding the location, the L3 was the most commonly presented hernia, referring to 37.2%. Postoperative complications occurred in 27.4% of the patients, with seromas being the most frequent, followed by hematomas and surgical site infections. No patient required reintervention for the management of complications. Conclusion. By knowing the population and determining which are the main complications, measures can be taken to reduce their incidence. Additional studies are needed to determine which are the main factors associated with complications

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INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Spigelian hernia is a rare abdominal wall hernia, representing 0.1 to 2 % of all ventral hernias. Clinically, the signs and symptoms are nonspecific and unclear. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we present a 69-year-old female patient, with abdominal bulging in both iliac fossae. Imaging exams suggested Spigelian hernia and right inguinal hernia. The treatment was surgical, with placement of polypropylene meshes and the patient had an uneventful postoperative evolution. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: The characteristics of this case corroborate the current literature, which points to a greater involvement of adults aged between 40 and 70 years. The treatment of choice is surgery, which can be open or videolaparoscopic, with placement of a mesh or primary suture. CONCLUSION: The clinical presentation of Spigelian hernia is not characteristic and its diagnosis should be suspected during the investigation of an abdominal mass.

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Paraduodenal hernia is a rare congenital anomaly that arises from an alteration in the midgut rotation during embryogenesis. Consequently, the small intestine becomes trapped in a sac of the posterior mesentery of the colon. This entity can compromise the intestinal segment's viability and the patient's life. Its diagnosis is difficult, rarely suspected, and often confused with other causes of abdominal pain. We present the case of a 29-year-old male patient with a documented paraduodenal hernia during surgery, its correction, and follow-up, in which no complications were reported.

La hernia paraduodenal es una anomalía congénita poco frecuente que surge de una alteración en la rotación del intestino medio durante la embriogénesis. En consecuencia, el intestino delgado queda atrapado en un saco del mesenterio colónico posterior. Dicha entidad puede comprometer la viabilidad del segmento intestinal y la vida del paciente. Su diagnóstico es difícil, pocas veces sospechado y muchas veces confundido con otras causas de dolor abdominal. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 29 años con una hernia paraduodenal documentada durante la cirugía, su corrección y seguimiento, en el cual no se documentaron complicaciones.

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INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Incisional hernias are among the most frequent complications of abdominal surgery, with an incidence of 4-10 % of patients [1]. The multidisciplinary approach according to the patient's needs and their comorbidities has been shown to improve postoperative outcomes. This case report highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach including cardiology, general surgery, plastic surgery anesthesiology and intensive care unit for abdominal wall reconstruction in a patient with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We present a case of a 61-year-old patient with long-standing incisional hernia, without surgical correction due to the patient's condition and multiple comorbidities, advanced heart failure with reduced left ejection fraction (10-15 %) who underwent a multidisciplinary approach by cardiology, plastic surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care unit, and general surgery. DISCUSSION: The patient underwent abdominal wall reconstruction without complications. Due to multiple comorbidities, the patient was admitted in the ICU in the immediate postoperative period. He was discharged 9 days after surgery. The patient did not report long-term complications. CONCLUSION: Heart failure is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications during surgical hospitalization. In patients with multiple comorbidities, the multidisciplinary approach represents an essential strategy in order to improve the surgical outcome, reduce costs to the health care system, and improve the patient's quality of life.

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Introducción. Las hernias traumáticas de la pared abdominal son una entidad de muy rara ocurrencia en niños, con pocos casos descritos. Son lesiones causadas por trauma cerrado cuando las fuerzas resultantes del trauma no tienen la suficiente energía para romper la piel, pero son suficientes para producir una disrupción de las fibras musculares y la fascia. Métodos. Se presentan tres casos clínicos de niños con hernias traumáticas, el primero tipo I y los otros dos, tipo II, cuyo diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico se llevaron a cabo por el servicio de cirugía pediátrica en un hospital de alto nivel de atención en Colombia. Resultados. Los tres pacientes fueron llevados a manejo quirúrgico sin prótesis, el primero por abordaje abierto y los otros dos por cirugía videoasistida, con buena evolución y sin recidivas en el seguimiento. Discusión. Las hernias traumáticas de la pared abdominal son más frecuentes en varones, como en nuestros casos, y del lado derecho. El diagnóstico de este tipo de hernias es clínico y se apoya en imágenes, teniendo en cuenta que no hay antecedente de hernia en la región afectada. El tratamiento es quirúrgico, pero es controversial el momento del mismo y el uso de materiales protésicos, puesto que existe la posibilidad de recidiva en los primeros meses en los casos de reparo primario. Conclusión. A pesar de la rareza de esta entidad, presentamos tres pacientes pediátricos a quienes se les realizó diagnóstico y manejo quirúrgico tempranos, con buena evolución y seguimiento a más de tres años.

Introduction. Traumatic hernias of the abdominal wall in children are a very rare entity, with few cases described. They are injuries caused by blunt trauma when the forces resulting from low-energy trauma to break the skin, but enough to produce a disruption of the muscle fibers and fascia. Methods. Three clinical cases of traumatic hernias in children are presented, one type I and the other two type II, whose diagnosis and surgical treatment were carried out by the pediatric surgery service in a high-level hospital in Colombia. Results. The three patients underwent surgical management without prosthesis, one by open approach and the other two by video-assisted surgery, with good evolution and no recurrence during follow-up. Discussion. Traumatic hernias of the abdominal wall are more common in male patients as in our cases, and on the right side of the abdomen. The diagnosis of this type of hernia is clinical and based on images, taking into account that there is no history of hernia in the affected region. The treatment is surgical, but its timing and the use of prosthetic materials are controversial, since there is the possibility of recurrence in the first few months in cases of primary repair. Conclusion. Despite the rarity of this entity, we present three pediatric patients who underwent early diagnosis and surgical management, with good evolution and follow-up for more than three years.

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Abdominal hernias are defects due to loss of continuity of the fasciae and/or muscles with the protrusion of abdominal structures. They are the third most prevalent and incident abdominal pathology worldwide and the second pathology of consultation in general surgery in patients of age limits. There are various factors that contribute to their formation, but within the scientific community there are various types of classifications, which differ according to the professional training school and their decision-making. This bibliographic review aims to expose the most used abdominal hernia classification systems such as the European one that has a morphological vision, the Ventral Hernia Working Group that proposes its aspect on recurrence together with the modified one that exposes comorbidity and the staging system of ventral hernia that provides a comprehensive approach to classification and management. In addition to the most common complications of the same.

Las hernias abdominales son defectos por pérdida de continuidad de las fascias y/o músculos con la protrusión de estructuras abdominales. Son la tercera patología abdominal más prevalente e incidente a nivel mundial y la segunda patología de consulta en cirugía general en pacientes en límites de edades. Existen diversos factores que contribuyen a su formación, pero dentro de la comunidad científica existe diversos tipos de clasificaciones, las cuales difieren de acuerdo a la escuela de formación de los profesionales y su toma de decisiones. La presente revisión bibliográfica pretende exponer los sistemas de clasificación de hernias abdominales más utilizados como la Europea que tiene una visión morfológica, el Grupo de Trabajo de Hernia Ventral que propone su aspecto sobre la recurrencia junto con el modificado que expone comorbilidad y el sistema de estadificación de hernia ventral que brinda un enfoque integral para clasificación y manejo. Además de las complicaciones más habituales de las mismas.

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INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Early preoperative progressive pneumoperitoneum (PPP) is a technique that helps large eventrations with loss of domain to reintroduce protruded organs. However, a standardized technique has not been developed. This technique has been proved in elective patients, but the evidence is scarce in patients with a high risk of incarceration/strangulation. CLINICAL FINDINGS AND INVESTIGATIONS: We present a 61-year-old patient with history of a thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair, developed a massive incisional hernia with loss of domain. At admission, he presented with abdominal pain and inability to reduce the hernia by himself, however it reduced after clinical examination. Aortic syndromes were excluded. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOME: After a multidisciplinary meeting, early PPP was initially performed. Later he was taken to surgery and admitted in the ICU to prevent abdominal hypertension. Medical complications resolved within 14 days. The patient did not report long-term complications. RELEVANCE AND IMPACT: PPP is a technique that pursues the prevention of abdominal hypertension syndrome in patients with large hernias with loss of domain electively. For patients with high risk of hernia complications, the evidence is limited regarding the applicability of early PPP. A multidisciplinary team can improve decision making and therefore reduce the risk of long-term complications. We show a case where PPP was performed in an acute painful, reducible hernia with a high risk of incarceration, showing that this approach can be an option for acutely ill patients.

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Purpose: To describe the technique of sublay correction of incisional hernia in Wistar rats under videomagnification system. Methods: Five male rats of the species Rattus norvegicus, of the Wistar lineage, with body weight between 250­350 g and 60 days old were used. Incisional hernia was inducted in all animals. After that, the incisional hernia was immediately corrected by the sublay method. Results: There were no cases of recurrence of the incisional hernia after placement of the polypropylene mesh using the sublay technique. No postoperative complications were observed. Conclusions: The technique is suitable for execution in Wistar rats.

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Las hernias perineales presentan una incidencia variable entre el 0,3-6 %. El abordaje quirúrgico se puede realizar por vía perineal o por vía laparoscópica. Se presentan las imágenes de una paciente con una hernia perineal adquirida primaria, tratada exitosamente mediante un abordaje mixto.

Perineal hernias present a variable incidence between 0.3-6%. The surgical approach can be performed perineally or laparoscopically. Images of a patient with a primary acquired perineal hernia, successfully treated using a mixed approach, are presented.

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Introducción. El síndrome lumbocostovertebral es una anomalía poco frecuente, que afecta a los cuerpos vertebrales, las costillas y músculos de la pared abdominal, y puede estar asociada a múltiples anomalías congénitas. Requiere un manejo multidisciplinario y tratamiento quirúrgico temprano para evitar complicaciones. Caso clínico. Se reporta el caso de un neonato masculino de 10 días de edad, que presentó desde el nacimiento 2 tumoraciones lumbares derechas, una que aumentaba de tamaño con el llanto, correspondió a una hernia lumbar, y la otra, a mielomeningocele. En estudios complementarios se evidenció fusión de costillas, fusión de cuerpos vertebrales lumbares, sacros (hemivértebras) y defecto de pared abdominal con protrusión de contenido intestinal. Se realizó cierre de la hernia lumbar con refuerzo protésico de pericardio bovino, sin complicaciones. Conclusión. En defectos extensos, como el que se reporta en este paciente, puede ser recomendable emplear material protésico. El pericardio bovino aparece como una opción segura, bien tolerada y eficaz para estos pacientes en particular. Este síndrome es una entidad rara, que amerita un equipo multidisciplinario para la resolución quirúrgica temprana y con ello evitar complicaciones.

Introduction. Lumbocostovertebral syndrome is a rare anomaly that affects the vertebral bodies, ribs and muscles of the abdominal wall, and can be associated with multiple congenital abnormalities. It requires multidisciplinary management and early surgical treatment to avoid complications. Clinical case. The case of a 10-day-old male neonate is reported, who presented from birth 2 right lumbar tumors, one that increased in size with crying, corresponded to a lumbar hernia, and the other, to myelomeningocele. In complementary studies, rib fusion, fusion of lumbar and sacral vertebral bodies (hemivertebrae), and abdominal wall defect with protrusion of intestinal contents were evidenced. The lumbar hernia was closed with prosthetic reinforcement with a bovine pericardium, without complications. Conclusion. In extensive defects, such as the one reported in this patient, it may be advisable to use prosthetic material. The bovine pericardium appears as a safe, well tolerated and effective option for these patients in particular. This syndrome is a rare entity, which requires a multidisciplinary team for early surgical resolution and thus avoid complications.

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ABSTRACT Background: In the definition of the mesh to be used to correct hernias, porosity, amount of absorbable material and polypropylene should be considered in the different stages of healing process. Aim: To evaluate the inflammatory reaction in the use of macro and microporous meshes of high and low weight in the repair of defects in the abdominal wall of rats. Methods: Ninety Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were used. The animals were submitted to similar surgical procedures, with lesion of the ventral abdominal wall, maintaining the integrity of the parietal peritoneum and correction using the studied meshes (Prolene®, Ultrapro® and Bard Soft®). Euthanasia was performed at 30, 60 and 120 days after surgery. The abdominal wall segments were submitted to histological analysis using H&E, Masson's trichrome, immunohistochemistry, picrosirius red and tensiometric evaluation. Results: On the 120th day, the tensiometric analysis was superior with Ultrapro® macroporous mesh. The inflammatory process score showed a significant prevalence of subacute process at the beginning and at the end of the study. Microporous meshes showed block encapsulation and in macroporous predominance of filamentous encapsulation. Conclusion: The Ultrapro® mesh showed better performance than the others in healing process of the abdominal wall.

RESUMO Racional: Na definição da tela a ser utilizada na correção das hérnias deve-se considerar a porosidade, quantidade de material absorvível e polipropileno ou inabsorvível nas diversas fases da cicatrização. Objetivo: Avaliar a reação inflamatória das telas macro e microporosas de alta e baixa gramatura no reparo de defeito da parede abdominal de ratos. Método: Foram utilizados 90 ratos da raça Wistar (Rattus norvegicus albinus). Os animais foram submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos semelhantes, com lesão da parede abdominal ventral, mantendo a integridade do peritônio parietal e correção utilizando as telas Prolene®, Ultrapro® e Bard Soft®. Realizou-se a eutanásia aos 30, 60 e 120 dias de pós-operatório. Os segmentos da parede abdominal foram submetidos à análise histológica com H&E, tricômio de Masson, imunoistoquímica, picrosirius red e análise tensiométrica. Resultado: No 120º dia a análise tensiométrica mostrou superioridade da tela macroporosa Ultrapro®. O escore do processo inflamatório demonstrou prevalência significativa de processo subagudo no início e no final do estudo. As telas microporosas mostraram encapsulamento em bloco e as macroporosas encapsulamento predominantemente filamentar. Conclusão: A tela Ultrapro® mostrou melhor desempenho em relação às demais na cicatrização da parede abdominal.

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Resumen Objetivo: Demostrar la anatomía y aplicación de la vaina anterior de los rectos para la reparación de defectos herniarios gigantes de la línea media abdominal mediante la cirugía de separación de componentes más la aplicación de un colgajo aponeurótico tipo turn over. Materiales y Método: Disección anatómica con descripción vascular y dinámica de la vaina anterior de los rectos. Posterior aplicación de la técnica en pacientes con hernias gigantes de la línea media. Seguimiento clínico de recidiva y complicaciones locales como sistémicas. Resultados: 8 pacientes fueron seleccionados. La edad promedio fue de 58,6 años y el tamaño del defecto hemiario 19,6 cm. En todos los pacientes se pudo aplicar la técnica sin inconvenientes. Sólo 1 paciente presentó una complicación local (dehiscencia y necrosis parcial del colgajo cutáneo) que se manejó con resección y reavance sin incidentes. No se describen complicaciones sistémicas ni mortalidad. Discusión: Las hernias abdominales gigantes y con pérdida a derecho de domicilio son un desafío quirúrgico. Se han desarrollado importantes avances con abordajes quirúrgicos innovadores. Nuevos materiales biológicos y sintéticos se han convertido en una parte integral del arsenal quirúrgico, sin embargo, involucran muchas veces asumir grandes costos y complicaciones propias a los materiales utilizados, además, de no cumplir con la adaptación dinámica adecuada de la pared requerida. Conclusión: Esta modificación técnica es segura, útil y accesible para los pacientes con eventraciones gigantes. La tasa de complicaciones es baja y está dada principalmente por problemas relacionados al sufrimiento de los colgajos cutáneos.

Aim: To demonstrate the anatomy and application of the anterior rectus sheet in the repair of giant abdominal wall hernias through a classic component surgery plus a turn over flap. Materials and Method: Anatomic dissection with vascular and dynamic description of the anterior rectus sheet. Posterior application of the technique in patients with giant abdominal wall hernias. Clinical follow up of recurrence, local and systemic complications. Results: 8 patients were selected. The average age was 58.6 years old and the abdominal wall defect 19.6 cm wide. The technique could be applied in every patient without inconveniences. Only 1 patient had a complication (dehiscence and partial skin flap necrosis) that was successfully treated with resection and readvancement. No systemic complications nor mortality was described. Discussion: Giant abdominal wall hernias are a surgical challenge. Great and innovative advances have been made. New biological and synthetic materials have been developed, nevertheless they frequently involve great costs and complications related to them. Also, they do not adapt adequately to the dynamic required for the abdominal wall. Conclusion: This technical modification is useful, safe and accessible for the patients who present giant wall hernias. The complication rate is low and it's principally given from problems related to skin flap blood flow.

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