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PURPOSE: Literature reviews outline minimally invasive approaches for abdominal diastasis in patients without skin excess. However, few surgeons are trained in endoscopic rectus sheath plication, and no simulated training programs exist for this method. This study aimed to develop and validate a synthetic simulation model for the training of skills in this approach under the Messick validity framework. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the participants' previous level of laparoscopic/endoscopic skills by a questionnaire. Participants performed an endoscopic plication on the model and their performance was evaluated by one blinded observer using the global rating scale OSATS and a procedure specific checklist (PSC) scale. A 5-level Likert survey was applied to 5 experts and 4 plastic surgeons to assess Face and Content validity. RESULTS: Fifteen non-experts and 5 experts in abdominal wall endoscopic surgery were recruited. A median OSATS score [25 (range 24-25) vs 14 (range 5-22); p < 0.05 of maximum 25 points] and a median PSC score [11 (range 10-11) vs 8 (range 3-10); p < 0.05 of maximum 11 points] was significantly higher for experts compared with nonexperts. All experts agreed or strongly agreed that the model simulates a real scenario of endoscopic plication of the rectus sheath. CONCLUSION: Our simulation model met all validation criteria outlined in the Messick framework, demonstrating its ability to differentiate between experts and non-experts based on their baseline endoscopic surgical skills. This model stands as a valuable tool for evaluating skills in endoscopic rectus sheath plication.
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Competência Clínica , Reto do Abdome , Treinamento por Simulação , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Reto do Abdome/cirurgia , Modelos Anatômicos , Endoscopia/educação , Endoscopia/métodosRESUMO
PURPOSE: Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is an adjuvant tool used in the preoperative optimization of complex hernias before abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR). This study aims to investigate changes in the abdominal cavity and hernia sac dimensions after BTA application. METHOD: A prospective study with 27 patients with a hernia defect of ≥ 10 cm and loss of domain (LOD) ≥ 20% underwent AWR. Computed tomography (CT) measurements and volumetry before and after the application of BTA were performed. Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Imaging post-BTA revealed hernia width reduction of 1.9 cm (p = 0.002), lateral abdominal wall muscle elongation of 3.1 cm (p < 0.001), hernia volume reduction (HV) from 2.9 ± 0.9L to 2.4 ± 0.8L (p < 0.001), increase in abdominal cavity volume (ACV) from 9.7 ± 2.5L to 10.3L ± 2.4L (p = 0.003), and a reduction in the HV/ACV ratio from 30.2 ± 5% to 23.4 ± 6% (p < 0.001). Fascial closure was achieved in 92.6% of cases and component separation was required in 78%. The average variation in pulmonary plateau pressure was 3.53 cmH2O, and there were no postoperative respiratory failure recorded. At the 90-day follow-up, the wound morbidity rate was 25%, unplanned readmissions were 11%, and hernia recurrence 7.4%. CONCLUSION: BTA produces measurable volumetric changes in abdominal wall and appears to facilitate fascial closure. Further studies are required to determine the role of BTA in the surgical armamentarium for complex hernia repair.
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Parede Abdominal , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A , Hérnia Ventral , Humanos , Parede Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Parede Abdominal/cirurgia , Hérnia Ventral/cirurgia , Estudos Prospectivos , Herniorrafia/métodos , Músculos Abdominais/cirurgia , Telas Cirúrgicas , RecidivaRESUMO
Introduction: A high risk patient with evisceration underwent to abdominal wall reconstruction without mesh or drains. We present a case of a 62 years-old female patient with a significant medical history of Wilson's disease-related hepatopathy Child-Pugh class B classification, sequelae of a stroke, and relevant surgical background including total hysterectomy, oophorectomy, and Hartmann's procedure for ovarian neoplasm stage 3. The patient developed a large incisional hernia in the midline incision while undergoing Bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment for clinical oncology. During an attempt at skin closure due to erosion and necrosis, there was progressive deterioration leading to evisceration. We opted for abdominal wall reconstruction by transposing the hernia sac without using mesh and employing hemostatic powder (Arista) to mitigate the risk of bleeding in a high-risk patient due to recent bevacizumab use and hepatopathy. The patient had a favorable postoperative course without any other intervention in abdominal wall. Patient developed worsening hepatic function with the presence of ascites, constipation, and disorientation. On the 6th day postoperative, a tomography was performed, which showed colonic distension without obstructive factors and a slight amount of supra-aponeurotic fluid. The patient was discharged on the 10th day postoperative after improvement of the condition with clinical treatment. The patient has been progressing under outpatient follow-up for 5 months, with a resumption of chemotherapy cycles and no evidence of hernia recurrence. Conclusion: Further studies and long-term follow-up are necessary to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hernia sac transposition as a mesh-free technique and the use of hemostatic powder without drains in high-risk patients. However, our case highlights the potential feasibility of these approaches in carefully selected cases.
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KEY MESSAGE: Knowledge of the changes that occur in the abdominal wall after component separation (CS) is essential for understanding the mechanisms of action of the various CS techniques, the changes observed on computed tomography images, and, perhaps most importantly, the anatomic and physiologic changes observed in patients who have undergone CS. Purpose Component separation (CS) techniques are essential adjuncts during most abdominal wall reconstructions. They allow the fulfillment of most modern abdominal wall reconstruction principles, especially primary closure of defects and linea alba restoration under physiologic tension. Knowledge of the post-CS abdominal wall changes is essential to understanding the mechanism of action of the various types of CS, the changes observed on computed tomographic images, and, perhaps most importantly, the anatomic and physiologic changes following CS techniques. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed database and other sources to identify articles describing abdominal wall changes after CS Results After excluding non-pertinent articles, 14 articles constituted the basis for this review. Conclusions After reviewing the literature on post CS abdominal wall changes, we conclude the following: (1)The external oblique muscle is significantly displaced laterally after anterior CS, the transversus abdominis muscle shifts very little after posterior CS, and muscle trophism is generally maintained after both techniques. These findings are consistent for both open and minimally invasive CS. (2) The anatomy and physiology of abdominal wall muscles are preserved mainly by the muscles' overlapping function and their ability to undergo compensatory trophism after midline restoration (reloading). (3) Well-performed CS techniques have a low risk of producing bulging and semilunar line hernias. (4) Anterior and posterior CS techniques probably have different mechanisms of action. (5) Current studies on how the nutritional status and postoperative conditioning can alter abdominal wall changes after CS and the mechanisms of the actions involved in anterior and posterior CS are underway.
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Parede Abdominal , Abdominoplastia , Hérnia Ventral , Músculos Abdominais/cirurgia , Parede Abdominal/cirurgia , Hérnia Ventral/cirurgia , Herniorrafia/métodos , Humanos , Telas CirúrgicasRESUMO
El abdomen abierto es una opción terapéutica en pacientes críticamente enfermos. Se utiliza cuando el cierre de la cavidad abdominal no puede o no debe ser realizado. No obstante, su utilidad como parte de una estrategia tradicionalmente aceptada ha disminuido, en la medida en que se han incrementado las secuelas en la pared abdominal, en especial la hernia ventral. Los procedimientos requeridos para la reconstrucción anatómica y funcional de la pared abdominal, como parte del tratamiento de una hernia ventral, revisten una alta complejidad y constituyen un nuevo escenario quirúrgico. Igualmente, conllevan incertidumbre respecto a su naturaleza y posibles complicaciones, además de que condicionan mayores gastos al sistema de salud. Para evitar los problemas del cierre tardío de la pared abdominal, se han desarrollado alternativas para superar el abordaje tradicional de "tratar y esperar", hacia "tratar y reconstruir" tempranamente. El objetivo de la presente revisión es realizar una descripción de los principales avances en el tratamiento del abdomen abierto y el papel del cierre temprano de la pared abdominal, haciendo énfasis en la importancia de un cambio conceptual en el mismo
The open abdomen is a therapeutic option in critically ill patients. It is used when the closure of the abdominal cavity cannot or should not be performed. However, its usefulness as part of a traditionally accepted strategy has diminished, as sequelae in the abdominal wall, especially ventral hernia, have increased. The procedures required for the anatomical and functional reconstruction of the abdominal wall, as part of the treatment of a ventral hernia, are highly complex and constitute a new surgical scenario. Likewise, they lead to uncertainty regarding their nature and possible complications, in addition to conditioning higher expenses for the health system. To avoid the problems of delayed closure of the abdominal wall, alternatives have been developed to overcome the traditional "try and wait" approach to "treat and reconstruct" early. The objective of this review is to describe the main advances in the treatment of the open abdomen and the role of early closure of the abdominal wall, emphasizing the importance of a conceptual change in it
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Humanos , Parede Abdominal , Técnicas de Abdome Aberto , Telas Cirúrgicas , Hérnia Incisional , Hérnia VentralRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Reconstruction of the abdominal wall with major defects usually represents a surgical challenge, especially in cases where the defects are recurrent and have a large size that avoids the use of adjacent tissues for an adequate closure. According to each region the abdomen topography is divided into three regions: upper, middle and lower. Several reconstructive alternatives have been described according to the affected area of the abdomen that include the separation of the muscularis aponeurotic components of the abdominal rectus sheath, the flap of the rectus abdominus muscle with or without cutaneous island, the flap dependent on the dorsal muscle and muscular or musculocutaneous thigh flaps to reconstruct the lower area of the abdomen which is called anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap. The ALT flap has become the best option for large recurrent defects in any of the thirds due to its great versatility. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 50-year-old patient with an abdominal wall defect, loss of domain and exposure of prosthetic material. Patient had a surgical history of open cholecystectomy, necrosectomy due to acute pancreatitis with open abdomen management and attempted repair of the abdominal defect twice with mesh placement. The abdominal wall was reconstructed with an ALT free flap with a fascia lata component with anastomosis to superior epigastric vessels in a successful manner. Nowadays patient remains without evidence of recurrence of the hernia at 1 year follow-up. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The aim of this paper is to illustrate the ALT flap with a fascia lata component anastomosed to the superior epigastric vessels as a good option to reconstruct complex defects of the upper third of the abdomen.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La reconstrucción de la pared abdominal con grandes defectos suele representar un desafío quirúrgico, sobre todo cuando los defectos son recurrentes y tienen un gran tamaño que dificulta la utilización de tejidos adyacentes para un cierre adecuado. La pared abdominal anterior se divide en tres regiones para su reconstrucción; superior, media e inferior. De acuerdo con cada región se han descrito diferentes técnicas de reconstrucción de pared, como la separación de componentes musculoaponeuróticos de la vaina de los rectos abdominales, el colgajo del músculo recto abdominal con o sin isla cutánea, el colgajo dependiente del músculo dorsal ancho y colgajos musculares o músculocutáneos del muslo para reconstruir el tercio inferior del abdomen, llamado colgajo anterolateral de muslo (ALT, por sus siglas en inglés). El ALT se ha convertido en una buena alternativa para los grandes defectos recurrentes en cualquiera de los tercios debido a su gran versatilidad. CASO CLÍNICO: Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 50 años con un defecto de pared abdominal, pérdida de dominio y exposición de material protésico (malla). Tenía el antecedente quirúrgico de colecistectomía abierta, necrosectomía por pancreatitis aguda con manejo de abdomen abierto (incisión en línea media supra-infraumbilical) e intento de reparación del defecto abdominal en dos ocasiones con colocación de malla (que se encontraba expuesta). El defecto existente se desmanteló y resecó en bloque desde el interior de la pared abdominal, dejando bordes aponeuróticos sanos, quitando todo el tejido cicatricial, la malla y los bordes cutáneos enfermos. Se realizó la reconstrucción de la pared abdominal con ALT con un componente de fascia lata con anastomosis a vasos epigástricos superiores, de manera exitosa. Actualmente no hay evidencia de recurrencia del defecto herniario tras 1 año de seguimiento. DISCUSIÓN/CONCLUSIÓN: El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el ALT con componente de fascia lata con anastomosis a los vasos epigástricos superiores como una buena alternativa para reconstruir defectos de pared complejos del tercio superior del abdomen.
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Parede Abdominal/cirurgia , Retalhos de Tecido Biológico , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Coxa da Perna/cirurgiaRESUMO
Many experts in abdominal wall reconstruction believe that the combination of simultaneous ipsilateral anterior component separation (ACS) and posterior component separation (PCS) is contraindicated. We performed ipsilateral endoscopic ACS and either endoscopic or open PCS-transversus abdominis release (TAR) in 5 fresh cadaver models. The full length of the semilunar line and the lateral abdominal wall remained well reinforced by 2 complete layers, comprising the internal oblique (IO) and TA muscles and their investing fasciae. Myofascial releases occurred 4 cm (median) apart. Additionally, we reviewed computed tomography images at 1 month and 1 year after PCS-TAR in 17 patients (30 PCS-TARs). Lateral displacement of the TA relative to the rectus abdominis (RA) was significant only at the superior mesenteric artery level, where it was <1 cm (median). Muscle mass changed minimally over time. Several studies showed that abdominal wall reconstruction after PCS-TAR results in compensatory muscular hypertrophy of the RA, external oblique (EO), and IO muscles and provides better quality of life and improved core physiology. These changes did not occur when the midline was not restored. Theoretically, endoscopic ACS-EO may be added to PCS-TAR to avoid partially bridged mesh repair in patients in whom complete midline restoration is impossible via PCS-TAR alone. Nevertheless, we advise most surgeons to perform a small-bridged repair instead of risking increased morbidity by attempting a highly complicated procedure.
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Parede Abdominal , Hérnia Ventral , Músculos Abdominais/cirurgia , Parede Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Parede Abdominal/cirurgia , Hérnia Ventral/cirurgia , Herniorrafia , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Telas CirúrgicasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Abdominal wall reconstruction in patients presenting with enteric fistulas and mesh infection is challenging. There is a consensus that synthetic mesh must be avoided in infected operations, and the alternatives to using synthetic mesh, such as component separation techniques and biologic mesh, present disappointing results with expressive wound infection and hernia recurrence rates. METHODS: A prospective clinical trial designed to evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes of 40 patients submitted to elective abdominal wall repair with synthetic mesh in the dirty-infected setting, and compared to a cohort of 40 patients submitted to clean ventral hernia repairs. Patients in both groups were submitted to a single-staged repair using onlay polypropylene mesh reinforcement. RESULTS: Groups' characteristics were similar. There were 13 (32.5%) surgical site occurrences in the infected mesh (IM) group, compared to 11 (27.5%) in the clean-control (CC) group, p = 0.626. The 30-day surgical site infection rate was 15% for the IM group vs. 10% for the CC cases, p = 0.499. One patient required a complete mesh removal in each group. The mean overall follow-up was 50.2 ± 14.8 months, with 36 patients in the IM group and 38 clean-controls completing a follow-up of 36 months. There was one hernia recurrence (4.2%) in the IM group and no recurrences in the CC group. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that using polypropylene mesh in the infected setting presented similar outcomes to clean repairs. The use of synthetic mesh in the onlay position resulted in a safe and durable abdominal wall reconstruction. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Study registered at Plataforma Brasil (plataformabrasil.saude.gov.br), CAAE 30836614.7.0000.0068. Study registered at Clinical Trials (clinicaltrials.gov), Identifier NCT03702153.
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Materiais Biocompatíveis , Hérnia Ventral/cirurgia , Herniorrafia , Polipropilenos , Telas Cirúrgicas , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/cirurgia , Parede Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Parede Abdominal/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Materiais Biocompatíveis/administração & dosagem , Materiais Biocompatíveis/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos/métodos , Feminino , Hérnia Ventral/complicações , Hérnia Ventral/diagnóstico por imagem , Herniorrafia/efeitos adversos , Herniorrafia/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polipropilenos/administração & dosagem , Polipropilenos/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Telas Cirúrgicas/efeitos adversos , Ferida Cirúrgica/classificação , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/etiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do Tratamento , Ferimentos e Lesões/classificaçãoRESUMO
Introducción. La cirugía de hernia ventral implica una situación de complejidad, dadas las múltiples variables que se deben controlar para estimar los posibles factores determinantes del éxito quirúrgico y la aparición de complicaciones. Según la literatura científica mundial, la incidencia de hernia ventral se estima entre el 10 y el 15 %, y la tasa promedio de complicaciones de esta cirugía varía entre el 10 y el 37 %. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir la experiencia y los resultados de la cirugía de hernia ventral en dos instituciones de IV nivel, en el periodo de enero de 2015 a marzo de 2019.Métodos. Se trata de un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de cohorte histórica, de pacientes mayores de edad sometidos a corrección de hernia ventral en las Clínicas Colsanitas en los últimos cinco años. Los datos se tomaron del registro estadístico de las instituciones en mención. Resultados. Se incluyeron 612 pacientes en un periodo de cinco años, la mayoría de los cuales era de sexo femenino, con sobrepeso, y predominantemente, con defectos combinados mediales; la tasa general de complicaciones fue del 20 % y, el porcentaje de infección del sitio operatorio, de 9 %; para el desarrollo de esta infección, la técnica de separación de componentes se encontró como un factor de riesgo (p=0,01; RR=2,9; IC 95% 1,32-6,5). En este estudio, no se analizó la recidiva como factor de los diferentes resultados. Conclusiones. Existen pocos datos en la literatura nacional sobre los resultados de este tipo de procedimiento quirúrgico. Es por ello que se procuró brindar a la comunidad científica los resultados de morbimortalidad de esta muestra de pacientes intervenidos por hernia ventral en los últimos cinco años
Introduction: Ventral hernia surgery involves a complex scenario, given the multiple variables that must be controlled to estimate the possible determinants of surgical success and the appearance of complications. Ac-cording to the world literature, the incidence of ventral hernia is estimated between 10% and 15%, and the average complication rate of this surgery varies between 10% and 37%. The objective of this study was to describe the experience and outcomes in ventral hernia surgery in two insti-tutions of IV level, in the period from January 2015 to March 2019.Methods: This is an observational, descriptive and historical cohort study of patients undergoing correction of ventral hernia at Colsanitas Clinics in the last five years. The data were collected from the statistical record of the mentioned institutions.Results: A total of 612 patients were included in a five-year period, most of whom were female, overweight, and predominantly with medial combined defects; the overall complication rate was 20%, and the percentage of op-erative site infection, 9%. From the development of this infection, the component separation was found as a risk factor (p= 0.01; RR= 2.9; CI95% 1.32-6.5). In this study, recurrence was not analyzed as an outcome factor.Conclusions: There is little data in the national literature on the results of this type of surgical procedure, which is why we tried to provide the scientific community with the morbidity and mortality results in our population of patients operated for ventral hernia in the last five years.
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Humanos , Hérnia Ventral , Próteses e Implantes , Telas Cirúrgicas , Infecção da Ferida CirúrgicaRESUMO
Introducción. Analizamos los costos en el reparo extraperitoneal de la hernia ventral por laparoscopia, desde la perspectiva del sistema general de salud de Colombia, con el fin de mostrar los beneficios de dicho abordaje y su impacto económico, al compararlo con la técnica más implementada, el IPOM plus. Métodos. Se realizó un análisis económico de costo-beneficio, desde la perspectiva del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud (SGSSS) de Colombia, comparando los costos del reparo de hernia ventral con la técnica extraperitoneal, TAPP o TEP, versus el IPOM plus. Se tomaron como costos de referencia lo establecido en el manual tarifario del Instituto de Seguros Sociales. Los datos fueron analizados con Stata V.15 Resultados. Se recolectó y analizó información de 109 procedimientos; 59 del grupo extraperitoneal TAPP/TEP y 50 del grupo IPOM plus, realizados durante los años 2015 a 2018, por el grupo de pared abdominal de Clínica Colsanitas, identificando un ahorro del 69,8 % o resultados de costo-beneficio a favor del grupo extraperitoneal.Discusión. El abordaje extraperitoneal en el reparo de hernia ventral se consideró una estrategia de alto costo-beneficio para el sistema de salud, validado por la experiencia del grupo de pared abdominal de Clínica Colsanitas, al compararla con el abordaje habitual. Teniendo en cuenta que los insumos utilizados para la disección no cambian, la prótesis utilizada para cada una de las técnicas representa un costo importante a considerar, tanto para el sistema como para las instituciones de salud
Introduction. Costs in the extraperitoneal repair of ventral hernia by laparoscopy were analyzed from the perspective of the general health system of Colombia, in order to show the benefits of this approach and its economic impact, when compared with the most implemented technique, IPOM plus. Methods. A cost-benefit economic analysis was performed from the perspective of the General Social Security System in Health (SGSSS) of Colombia, comparing the costs of ventral hernia repair with the extraperitoneal technique, TAPP or TEP, against IPOM plus. The reference costs were taken as established in the rate manual of the Social Security Institute. Data were analyzed with Stata v.15.Results. Information from 109 procedures was collected and analyzed; 59 of the extraperitoneal group TAPP / TEP and 50 of IPOM plus group, carried out during the years 2015 to 2018, by the abdominal wall group of Clinica Colsanitas, identifying a saving of 69,8 % or cost-benefit results in favor of the extraperitoneal group.Discussion. The extraperitoneal approach in ventral hernia repair was considered a high cost-benefit strategy for the health system, validated by the experience of the abdominal wall group of Clínica Colsanitas, when compared with the usual approach. Given that the inputs used for dissection do not change, the prosthesis used for each of the techniques represents an important cost to consider, both for the system and health institutions
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Humanos , Hérnia Ventral , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios , Telas Cirúrgicas , Infecção da Ferida CirúrgicaRESUMO
Introducción: Se considera un paciente politraumatizado aquel que presenta dos o más lesiones, de las que al menos una puede comprometer su vida o vaya a originar secuelas invalidantes. Una conducta inicial adecuada puede reducir la mortalidad de pacientes como el que se presenta, pues la atención inicial debe ser ordenada y sistemática; siempre se deben identificar y tratar con prioridad, las lesiones que comprometen la vida del paciente. Objetivo: Presentar un caso, que por su interés y singularidad en el mecanismo de acción, expone la secuencia de actuación que se llevó a cabo por cirujanos generales, fuera de un servicio de cirugía pediátrica. Caso clínico: Se reporta el caso de un paciente masculino de 6 años de edad, que acude al cuerpo de guardia politraumatizado y presenta una avulsión músculo cutánea abdominal con evisceración intestinal, al sufrir caída en movimiento con traumatismo abdominal penetrante con biela de pedal de una bicicleta. A pesar de no contar en la institución de atención, con servicio de cirugía pediátrica, se impuso la cirugía de emergencia por las condiciones del paciente. Conclusiones: Luego de laparotomía inicial con reconstrucción de la pared abdominal y cierre primario con puntos de seguridad, el paciente evolucionó de forma estable. Fue remitido para un servicio de terapia intensiva pediátrica, donde y evolucionó sin complicaciones, hasta su egreso(AU)
Introduction: A polytraumatized patient is considered to be one who presents two or more injuries, of which at least one may compromise his life or cause disabling sequelae. An adequate initial behavior can reduce the mortality of patients such as the one that occurs, because the initial attention must be orderly and systematic, the lesions that compromise the patient's life must always be identified and treated with priority. Objective: To present a case, which due to its interest and uniqueness in the mechanism of action, exposes the sequence of action that was carried out by general surgeons, outside of a pediatric surgery service. Clinical case: We report the case of a 6-year-old male patient who came to emergency, polytraumatized and presenting an abdominal skin muscle avulsion with intestinal evisceration, he suffered a fall during movement with penetrating abdominal trauma with a bike pedal crank. Despite not having a pediatric surgery service in the attending institution, emergency surgery was imposed due to the patient's conditions. Conclusions: After the initial laparotomy with reconstruction of the abdominal wall and primary closure with security points, the patients evolves in a stable way, he was referred to a pediatric intensive care service, where he evolved without complications until discharge(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Ferimentos e Lesões/cirurgia , Cuidados Críticos , Parede Abdominal/cirurgia , Emergências , Laparotomia/efeitos adversos , Pediatria , Acidentes de TrânsitoRESUMO
La estandarización de la reparación de la hernia ventral sigue siendo difícil de alcanzar. Los cirujanos utilizan una gran cantidad de técnicas, herramientas y tecnología para reparar defectos similares. Sin embargo, existen principios basados en la evidencia que deben aplicarse a todas las reparaciones, independientemente de la técnica que permita la estandarización y mejores resultados. Se proponen seis principios como base para la reconstrucción compleja de la pared abdominal
Standardization of ventral hernia repair remains elusive. Surgeons use a plethora of techniques, tools, and technology to repair similar defects. Nevertheless, evidence-based principles exist that should be applied to all repairs irrespective of technique allowing standardization and improved outcomes. Six principles are proposed as the basis for complex abdominal wall reconstruction
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Humanos , Hérnia Ventral , Próteses e Implantes , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios , HerniorrafiaRESUMO
Los defectos de pared abdominal son un desafío para los cirujanos plásticos. El sarcoma de partes blandas es muy recidivante y hay que hacer amplias exéresis con margen oncológico y como consecuencia quedan amplias zonas por reconstruir. El colgajo transverso de recto abdominal es una opción reconstructiva de esta región con buenos resultados estéticos y funcionales. El objetivo del trabajo es mostrar los resultados de la reconstrucción inmediata de la pared abdominal luego de una amplia exéresis oncológica. Se presenta una paciente femenina, mestiza, de 60 años, con diagnóstico de sarcoma de partes blandas, que abarcaba todo el hemiabdomen ínfero izquierdo hasta límites del reborde costal izquierdo, comprometía aponeurosis, el músculo recto izquierdo, y pequeña parte del peritoneo que se reparó. Se decidió una amplia exéresis y se planificó la reconstrucción con un colgajo miocutáneo transverso de recto del abdomen. Se utilizaron mallas de polipropileno. Se logró la reconstrucción inmediata del defecto oncológico con buenos resultados estéticos y funcionales(AU)
Abdominal wall defects are a challenge for plastic surgeons. Soft-tissue sarcoma is very recurrent and it is necessary to make extensive exeresis with oncological margin and, as a result, there are large areas to be reconstructed. The transverse rectus abdominis flap is a reconstructive option for this region and with good aesthetic and functional results. The objective of the work is to show the results of the immediate reconstruction of the abdominal wall after an extensive oncological exeresis. We present the case of a female patient, mestiza, aged 60 years, with a diagnosis of soft-tissue sarcoma, which encompassed all the left inferior hemiabdomen to the left costal margin limits, compromised the aponeurosis, the left rectus muscle, and a small part of the peritoneum that was repaired. A wide exeresis was decided and the reconstruction was planned with a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap. Polypropylene meshes were used. The immediate reconstruction of the oncological defect was achieved with good aesthetic and functional results(AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/diagnóstico , Telas Cirúrgicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Parede Abdominal/cirurgia , Retalho Miocutâneo/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Surgical meshes, in particular those used to repair hernias, have been in use since 1891. Since then, research in the area has expanded, given the vast number of post-surgery complications such as infection, fibrosis, adhesions, mesh rejection, and hernia recurrence. Researchers have focused on the analysis and implementation of a wide range of materials: meshes with different fiber size and porosity, a variety of manufacturing methods, and certainly a variety of surgical and implantation procedures. Currently, surface modification methods and development of nanofiber based systems are actively being explored as areas of opportunity to retain material strength and increase biocompatibility of available meshes. This review summarizes the history of surgical meshes and presents an overview of commercial surgical meshes, their properties, manufacturing methods, and observed biological response, as well as the requirements for an ideal surgical mesh and potential manufacturing methods.
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BACKGROUND: Abdominal wall desmoid type fibromatosis management has been changing over recent years, from an aggressive approach towards a more conservative one. When radical resection is indicated, the surgical team faces the challenge of abdominal wall reconstruction, for which optimal technique is still debated. The present study reports the experience from a single center with abdominal closures after desmoid type fibromatosis resection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent abdominal wall closure after sporadic abdominal desmoid type fibromatosis radical resection from 1982 to 2013. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients were included, mean tumor diameter was 10 + 5.3 cm, and the main choice of abdominal wall reconstruction was midline closure with anterior rectus sheath relaxing incisions and polypropylene onlay mesh (74% of the cases). Only 7% of the cases required more complex procedures for skin closure. Mean follow-up was 5 years and 89% remained disease-free. No grade 4 or 5 complications were observed. CONCLUSION: High midline fascial closure rate can be achieved after resection of abdominal wall desmoid tumor using relaxing incisions and mesh, with low complication rate.
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BACKGROUND: Proper defect closure during abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) is a key to improving cosmetic and functional results, and reducing morbidity. We have completed the initial prospective evaluation of a technique we previously described and published: endoscopic subcutaneous anterior component separation (ACS) as an adjunct to mainly laparoscopic AWR. We now present the long-term clinical and imaging follow-up results. STUDY DESIGN: Data were prospectively collected over a 3-year period (2012-2015) on patients who underwent AWR with endoscopic ACS. Inclusion criteria included the following: defects of 6-15 cm that are longer than wider; no skin dystrophy; no loss of domain; no active infection; no previous multiple, complex repairs; no previous multiple mesh repairs; and no high probability of severe adhesions. All patients were followed up clinically at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and then annually. All patients underwent CT scanning of the abdominal wall (sagittal, axial, coronal, and 3D reconstruction) at 3 months and 1 year postoperatively and then annually. RESULTS: Twenty consecutive patients underwent adjunctive endoscopic ACS: 17 laparoscopic AWRs, 2 open repairs, and 1 hybrid repair. Up to 38 months (mean 21 months) of follow-up, there were no ventral hernia recurrences or de novo hernias at the ACS site. One patient experienced partial primary closure failure. Morbidity consisted in one case each of hematoma, seroma, and transient neuralgia. Cosmetic results and patient satisfaction were excellent. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that endoscopic subcutaneous ACS is a safe, effective, reliable, reproducible technique that facilitates primary closure of defects during AWR in selected patients.
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Parede Abdominal/cirurgia , Abdominoplastia/métodos , Endoscopia/métodos , Hérnia Ventral/cirurgia , Herniorrafia/métodos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Tela Subcutânea/cirurgia , Telas Cirúrgicas , Parede Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Hematoma/epidemiologia , Hérnia Ventral/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neuralgia/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Recidiva , Seroma/epidemiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Técnicas de Fechamento de FerimentosRESUMO
Antecedentes: La reconstrucción de la pared abdominal tiene como fin restaurar el soporte estructural, otorgando una cobertura estable y optimizando la apariencia estética. La técnica de separación de componentes consiste en el avance medial de un componente muscular y fascial inervados, para reconstruir defectos en la línea media, logra un cierre sin tensión y ayuda a recrear la dinámica de la pared abdominal. Objetivo: El objetivo del siguiente trabajo es presentar la experiencia del Hospital de Carabineros en la reconstrucción de tales defectos utilizando esta técnica y evaluar la tasa de recidiva. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes operados en el Hospital entre 2010 y 2015. Se describe la técnica quirúrgica utilizada.Resultados: Se presenta una serie de 6 pacientes operados en dicho período. El tamaño promedio del defecto fue 272,8 cm². Se utilizó la técnica clásica de separación de componentes y en algunos casos modificaciones para preservar perforantes. La cirugía tuvo una duración de 185 min en promedio. No se han presentado recidivas a la fecha entre los pacientes operados (seguimiento promedio 16,8 meses). Conclusiones: La técnica de separación de componentes repara defectos extensos de manera anatómica, autógena y devolviendo la funcionalidad a la pared abdominal. Es un procedimiento que no está libre de complicaciones, sin embargo, en nuestra experiencia los resultados son estables en el tiempo sin evidenciar recidivas. Se recomienda una adecuada evaluación y selección de cada caso.
Background: The component separation technique is a type of rectus abdominis muscle advancement flap that allows reconstruction of such large ventral defects. The advantages of the component separation technique are that it restores functional and structural integrity of the abdominal wall, provides stable soft tissue coverage, and optimizes aesthetic appearance. Aim: To report our experience in abdominal reconstruction using this technique. Material and methods: Review of medical records of 6 patients subjected to an abdominal wall repair using the component separation technique. Results: The mean size of the abdominal wall defect was 272.8 cm². The classic technique or a modification to preserve perforator vessels were used. The mean surgical time was 185 minutes. After a follow up of 16.8 months, no relapses were observed. Conclusions: In this experience the component separation technique had good results and no relapse of the defect was observed.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Parede Abdominal/cirurgia , Abdominoplastia/métodos , Hérnia Incisional/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seguimentos , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Parede Abdominal/anatomia & histologia , Duração da CirurgiaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Large complex ventral hernias act as tissue expanders for skin and subcutaneous fat. The purpose of this study is to evaluate outcomes of total abdominal wall reconstruction with component separation, posterior reinforcement, and vertical abdominoplasty in patients with large complex ventral hernias. Between 2010 and 2014, 58 patients underwent total abdominal wall reconstruction with component separation, intra-abdominal reinforcement, and vertical abdominoplasty. Between 2010 and 2012, patients underwent the conventional technique of component separation, while a perforator-preserving technique was performed during 2013 and 2014. Reinforcement material used was either synthetic mesh in clean cases or biologic mesh if contamination was present. All of the excessive skin and subcutaneous fat was removed in a vertical fashion. Data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney's U test or Fisher's exact test, as indicated. There were 27 moderately complex and 31 majorly complex hernias. Mean hernia size was 16 × 12 cm. The mean size of the removed skin island was 21 × 12 cm. Patients with contamination during the repair had longer in-hospital stays. Overall the local wound complication rate was 24 %, and was lower with the perforator-preserving technique compared to the conventional technique of component separation (11 vs. 48 %; OR 0.13, CI 0.03-0.5; p = 0.003). The overall postoperative morbidity rate was higher in the presence of contamination, and in patients with lower preoperative serum albumin levels. Mean total follow-up was 14 months with a 1-year recurrence-free survival of 96 %. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Abdominoplastia/métodos , Hérnia Ventral/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Telas Cirúrgicas , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Parede Abdominal/cirurgia , Abdominoplastia/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Hérnia Ventral/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Prognóstico , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resistência à Tração , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The introduction of the minimally invasive approach changed the way abdominal surgery was carried out. Open suture and mesh reinforcement in ventral hernia repair used to be the surgeon's choice of procedure. Although the laparoscopic approach, with defect bridging and mesh fixation, has been described since 1993, the procedure remains largely unchanged. Evidence shows that defect closure and retro-muscular mesh positioning have the best outcomes and are the best surgical practice. We therefore aimed to develop and demonstrate a procedure which combined the good results of open surgery using the Rives-Stoppa principles, particularly in terms of recurrence, with all the benefits of minimally invasive surgery. METHODS: Between October 2012 and February 2014, 15 post-bariatric surgery patients underwent laparoscopic midline incisional hernia repair. The peritoneal cavity was accessed through a 5-mm optical view cannula at the superior left quadrant. A suprapubic and two right and left lower quadrant cannulas were inserted for inferior access and dissection. The defect adhesions were released. The whole midline was closed with an endoscopic linear stapler, including the defect, from the lower abdomen, 4 cm below the umbilicus, until the epigastric region, including posterior sheath mechanical suturing and cutting in the same movement. A retrorectus space was created in which a retro-muscular mesh was deployed. Fixation was done using a hernia stapler against the posterior sheath from the peritoneal cavity to the abdominal wall muscles. Selection was based on xifo-umbilical incisional midline hernias post open bariatric surgery. Pregnant women, cancer patients, or patients with clinical contraindications were excluded. RESULTS: The patients mean age was 51.2 years (range 39-67). Four patients were men and eleven women. Two had well-compensated fibromyalgia, four had diabetes, and five had hypertension. The mean BMI was 29.5 kg/m2 (range 23-31.6). Surgery was performed successfully in all cases through four ports; the number of incisional hernias was 3 ± 2, with a mean maximum width of 3.75 cm (range 2.1-9) and maximum length of 14 cm (7.5-20.5). The mean surgical time was 114.3 min (range 85-170), and the median hospital stay was 1.4 days. No intra-operative or immediate post-operative complication or death occurred. One patient had a seroma treated conservatively 1 week after surgery and another had a retro-muscular infection treated with percutaneous drainage. CT-Scans made before and after the procedure, showed total closure of the defect. QOL questionnaire showed satisfaction, acceptance, and no complaints. CONCLUSION: Although the study involved a small number of patients, it has proved the technique to be feasible, easy to perform, and have the combined benefits of laparoscopic and open surgery. The results, shown by CT-scan, peri-operative, and QOL findings, were good.
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Técnicas de Fechamento de Ferimentos Abdominais , Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Hérnia Ventral/cirurgia , Herniorrafia/métodos , Hérnia Incisional/cirurgia , Parede Abdominal/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Laparoscopia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Reto do Abdome/cirurgia , Telas CirúrgicasRESUMO
Introducción: las hernias posincisionales representan por lo menos un tercio de las hernias de pared. Existen diferentes técnicas de reparación que incluyen el uso de material protésico, lo que ha contribuido a disminuir la recidiva. Sin embargo, ante el rechazo o infección se requieren otras técnicas con tejido autólogo, dado que el uso de material protésico en un ambiente contaminado está contraindicado, pues el riesgo de infección y recurrencia es inaceptablemente alto. Objetivo: comparar dos técnicas de tratamiento para las hernias de pared abdominal en términos de complicaciones posoperatorias y recidiva, para determinar las alternativas en el cierre de pared abdominal en pacientes con hernias ventrales. Material y métodos: se realizó estudio observacional, longitudinal, retrospectivo, de casos y controles pareados, no aleatorizado, en pacientes con hernia de pared, entre enero de 2000 y enero de 2004. Se estudiaron 30 pacientes divididos en dos grupos de 15 pacientes cada uno, pareados por sexo, edad y tipo de hernia: grupo A, pacientes tratados con malla; grupo B, pacientes tratados con técnica Clotteau-Prémont. El seguimiento posoperatorio fue de por lo menos cinco meses. Se evaluó y comparó el índice de complicaciones y recidivas. Resultados: no hubo diferencia entre ambos grupos en complicaciones o recidiva (p < 0.05). El tiempo de seguimiento promedio fue de 18.9 ± 8 meses para el grupo A y de 15 ± 7.9 meses para el grupo B. Conclusiones: la técnica de Clotteau-Prémont es un procedimiento factible y seguro en pacientes seleccionados.
BACKGROUND: Incisional hernias account for at least a third of abdominal wall hernias. There are different techniques of repair that include the use of prosthetic materials, which has lowered the hernia recurrence rate. Nonetheless, its use in case of rejection or infection requires other techniques with local tissue. The use of prosthetic material in a contaminated environment is contraindicated because the risk of infection and recurrence rate is unacceptably high. METHODS: In order to compare two repair techniques for abdominal wall hernias in terms of complications and recurrence to be used as an alternative for hernia repair in patients with abdominal wall hernias, we conducted, between January 2000 and January 2004, an observational, longitudinal, retrospective, non-randomized matched control case study in patients with abdominal wall hernia. A total of 30 patients were studied and were divided into two groups of 15 patients each. Subjects were matched for sex, age and hernia type (group A, mesh treated and group B, Clotteau-Prémont treated) who had at least a 5-month postoperative follow-up. Complication and recurrence rate was assessed and compared. RESULTS: There were no differences between the two groups in complications or recurrence (p <0.05). The average follow-up time was 18.9 +/- 8 months for group A and 15 +/- 7.9 months for group B. CONCLUSIONS: Clotteau-Prémont's technique is a safe and feasible alternative procedure with indications in selected patients.